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RECORDS

of the

INDIAN MUSEUM

(A JOURNAL OF INDIAN ZOOLOGY )
Vol. IV, 1910—1912.

EDITED BY

THE SUPERINTENDENT
OF THE

INDIAN MUSEUM.

Calcutta :
PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM,
BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.

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CONTENTS.

Vv
No. I, FEBRUARY, I9QI0.

Second Report on the collection of Culicidae in the Indian
Museum, with descriptions of new genera and species

Nos. II—III, Marcu, Ig10.

The Indian species of Papataci Fly (Phlebotomus)
Taxonomic values in Culicidae

No: LV; JULY, IQrOo:

Revision of the Oriental Bloodsucking Muscidae (Stomoxtnae,
Philaematomyia, Aust., and Pristirhynchomyta, gen. nov.)

No. V, NOVEMBER, IQIO.

A new arrangement of the Indian Anophelinae

No. VI, MARCH, IQII.

A revision of the species of Tabanus from the Oriental Region
including notes on species from surrounding countries

No: VIE JUNE; Torr:
New Oriental Nemocera aA on is ie
Miscellanea (pp. 317—320) :—

Synonymy in Corethrinae
Further notes on Indian Pilenotare:

Nos. VIII—IX, DECEMBER, IQII.

A revision of the Oriental species of the genera of the Family
Tabanidae other than Tabanus ae at 56

Contributions to the Fauna of Yunnan—
Part VII.—Tabanidae

No. X, MARCH, 1912.

Annotated Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae—Supplement

Page

PEE

321

401

493

esc
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tones

oh es

, ean ieeac? pPeaeants
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au welt af Poor, Jeane Hit Wie ;
aetna SHE SERS
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eh Paar ba ; sails:

AE Fie :

EIS) Ob} PE ATES:

——>-—

Plates I—III (Culicidae)

Plates IV—VI (Phlebotomi)
Plates VII—VIII (Muscidae)
Plates IX—XII (Anophelinae) ..
Plates XIII—XIV (Tabanidae)
Plates XV—XVIII (Tabanidae)

Follow page
34
52
o4
110
258

402

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{

ESE OF AULHORS:

Annandale, N., D.Sc.

Brunetti, EF. ..

James, Major S. P., M.D.

Ricardo, Gertrude

Theobald, F. V., M.A.

The Indian species of Papataci Fly (P/le-
botomus), p. 35-—Further notes on
Indian Phlebotomi, p. 319.

Taxonomic values in Culicidae, p. 53.—
Revision of the Oriental Bloodsucking
Muscidae, p. 59.—New Oriental Nemo-
cera, p. 259.—Synonymy in Core-
thrinae, p. 317.—Annotated Catalogue
of Oriental Culicidae, p. 403.

A new arrangement of the Indian Ano-
phelinae, p. 95.

A revision of the species of Tabanus
from the Oriental Region, including
notes on species from surrounding
countries, p. 111 —A revision of the
Oriental species of the genera of the
Family Tabanidae other than 7abanus,
p. 321.—Contribution to the Fauna of
Yunnan, Pt. VII, Tabanidae, p. 4or.

Second Report on the collection of Culici-
dae in the Indian Museum, with descrip-
tions of new genera and species, p. I.

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INDEX.

——>-—

[N.B.—An asterisk (*) preceding a line denotes a new variety or subspecies; a
_ dagger (}) indicates a new species; and a double-dagger ({), a new genus;

synonyms are priuted in Italics. }

A
Page
Acalleomyia 3 487, 490, 491
obscura ee AG
**obscurus’’ 49!
Acanthocera Ae Sees OE
Aedeoniyia Be 487, 488
catasticta ss 488
squamipenna 7 405
‘*“squammipenna’’ 26, 488
‘“ squamipenuis ”’ 488
Aedeomyinae 56, 413, 450,
453, 486, 487
Aedinae 407, 409, 450,
485, 486, 487,
504
Aedes 54, 439, 487, 488, 480, 491
butleri aa .. 489 |
malaya 490
nigrescens 490
Aedimyia Fc e- 440)
Aioretomyia 487, 489
aedes 490
ostentatio 490
perdita 490
singu'aris 490
taeniata 490
varietas an teh
Aldvichia 95, 100, 106, 410, 433
ervor 5S 100, 106, 407
Aldrichine}la 410, 433
error 433
Amauromyia 450
Ancylorhynchus 410
Anisocheleomyia = 493
albitarsis 494
alboannulata 493
Aukylorhynchus e A0
Anopheles 54, 95—97, 106, 411, 412, |
; 415 —417, 435, 517
aconita.. ao bis
aitkenii 96, 106, 415
arabiensis 434
barianensis 415
bifurcatus 97
cohaesa 415
costalis 2 AZI
culiciformis 434
deceptor 434
dthali 415, 419
elegans 417

Page
Anopheles formosaensis 415, 416
formosus .. 416

96, 106, 416, 417

gigas

immaculatus 96, 106, 416
indiensts si A2S
jesoensis .. azo
lindesayi 96, 106, 416, 417

* var. maculata 1, 106, 416

maculipennis 97, 407
nigerrimus v5 425
perplexeus a 403
pictus 419, 434
plumiger | 14.26
pseudopictus 434
punctulata se 452
simlensis .. 416, 417
subpictus . 434
tesellaium 432
treacherii 417
vincenti 434
wellcomei 417, 434
Anophelina 410, 419, 433

Anophelinae 55, 56, 95—109, 405—407,
409, 412—415, 440

Anthomyidae 56, 59
Anthrax ss : 57
tApistomyia trilineata 315
Armiger a 441
Armigeres AE 441
Panalectoros 442
Arribalzagia 415, 431
Asilus 57
Asiphonatae 55
Asiphoniata ar re 55
Atylotus II2)5 133) 135045,
153, 159, 173, 184,

ICO, 194, 195, 197,

200, 209, 21T 212,

217, 229, 220, 236,

237, 244, 246—248

251

andamantcus 218
bituberculatus 134

(?) contcus 153, 154
ditaeniatus 248
flaviventris 214

fulvus 133, 248

fuscipes neyrade
achrymans 156, 157
latistriatus. . ao Pade

433

Page

Calvertina 410, 428
lineata enn 4 333
Calvertius a 410, 433
Carolia a 410
Carollia oP a5 | chit)
Carrollia - 12, 14, 410, 454
Cecidomyia she 57
Cellia 54,95, 96, 99,
100, IOI 102,

105, 106, 107,

428, 431

flava syed PASI
kochi 55 ZIT
pulcherrima 3, 99, 102, 106,

407 , 432

punctulata eA G2
Chaetomyia 452, 453
Chagasia 2a 415, 433
Chaoborus 317, 318, 504, 505
antisepticus a0. BY

asiatica 504, 505

cornfordi .. SSO
crystallina BZ ibs.
manilensis £05
plumicornis 317), 318
punctipennis oe gy
Chironomidae : 57
Chironomus 57
Christya 415
{Christophersia 102, 103, 105,

106, 107, 407,

428, 431
100, 102, 103,
106, 407, 431

halli

Page
Atylotus macer ae 150, 152
microloma .. 152
nigromaculatus snl S 4.
phyrrhoceras 238, 239
rufidens 244, 245
Tusticus 248, 252, 253
B
Banksiella ie AIX AG,
luteolateralis B47
Bdellolarynx ae 61, 62 |
sanguinolentus 62
Bellardia 112, 149, 202
SinztCUs 167, 170
Bibio 273—28c
tabdominalis 272270
yapproximatus 274, 277
bicolor 273
clavipes 280
}tdefectus 274, 280
fdiscalis 273 27.3)
jfuscitibia 273;.279
thortulanoides 27:3 0274 |
hortulanus ae M275
johannis 273, 278
laniger 3a) ze)
marci ae 274—278
obscuripennis 273—276, 278 |
};proximus 274, 275
trufifemur 27/3 3279
vatripes 280
venosus 277, 278
Bibionidae 269
Binotia 492
Bironeila gracilis ae AS3
Blanchardiomyia 440, 441
apicalis 441
aureolineata 441 |
fusca 44r |
joloensis 441 |
jugraensis 441
obturbans 441, 442
panalectros 441, 442
{Blepharocera indica 316
Blepharoceridae 315
{Bolbodeomyia a 31, 492
ycomplex 31, 492
Bolbodimyia ; 492
Bombylidae 433
Bombylius 57
Brevipalpi ae 55
Brevirhynchus ; 8, 442, 444
fannulipalpis 6, 442
fapicalis 7> 443
magnus 6. 443 |
Brunettia 289, 290, 291, 310, 311 |
superstes 290, 310, 311
travancorica 310—312 |
C
410, 433
Calvertia 410 |
lineata

Chrysoconopas aurites sien A'S2
Chrysoconops ake 479, 480
aurites > W480
brevicellulus 481

conopas 481

“*conopas’’ 481

ochraceus 481

pygmaeus 25, 481

Chrysops 57, 365, 374s 377, 378, 401
albicinctus .. eo,

alter 374, 376, 387
bifasciata 374, 377 378,

380, 382

cincta 374, 376, 393
clavicrus 374, 393, 394
costatus 22893378
tdesignata 374, 376, 383, 401

dispar 374 375; 378,

380, 381, 382,

386, 3900, 396

fasciata 375, 376, 390,

391, 393, 394

fixissima 375, 376, 392, 393

flaviventris 375, 3773 390
flavocincta .. 375, 3775 395
impar 375, 380, 382
indiana 375, 376, 390
avanensis 375, 378, 379
ligata 375, 380, 381
lunata : Sor. BS}
manilensis .. 375» 377
mlokosiewiczi 375, 378, 379,

4OI

Page
Chrysops parallelus .. sO
pellucidus .. 375, 376, 377,
385, 386, 388
tufitarsis 375, 376, 384, 394
semicircula 375, 380, 381
signifer 375, 376, 393, 394
sinensis 375, 370, 388
stimulans 375, 370, 389
Siviata 375, 378, 379, 401
terminalis 375, 380, 381
translucens Bris oe 385,
; 388, 396
unizonata O75. ie 393
punctifera .. 390
flavipes 397
Perea. 397
Chrysozona 321
Coelodiazesis barberi_ =. 405
Colonemyia se 488, 498, 499
caeruleocephala a 49D
hybrida 498
mendacis 498
Conopomyia 453
aurea 453
hybrida . 453
metallica 454
Conops 63
Corethra . 54, 56, E hive 318, 405,
504, 505
cinctipes 317, 318
culiciformis 317, 318
effoetus Ehily75 Shite:
fusca ESL,
pallida 317, 318
plumicornts 8178, Sr
punctipennis.. ees
velutina 317, 318
Corethrella brakeleyi Se Silks
Corethridae 56, 413
Corethrinae 55, 56, 317, 318, 409,
411, 504 |
Corizoneura 364, 365, 307 |
longirostris 365, 367
*subsp. varipes 367, 369 |
rufa se S158,
taprobanes 307
Crematogaster difformis 504
Culex I, 19, 31, 39, 40, 41, 43,
54, 56, 57, 95, 410, 439,
440, 445, 446, 459, 460,

‘ 465, 497, 471, 477: 489
albolineatus. 496
albopictus 9
albopleura 466 |
albus 466
ais)... 466
angulatus NK 16/1406) |
annulatus ai 412, 459 |
annuliferus 466, 471
annulioris ee 400
annulus 466 |
anxtfer 468 |
arabiensis 4607
argentinotus 497
auratus 467
aureopunctis 517
aureostriatus 467, 471

Page

Culex biro 407
caecus 467
cantans 467
christophersi 467
concolor 20, 411, 468
fatigans 5» 17, 406, 411, 442,
468, 469, 475, 476, 483

var. trilineatus 469
flavifrons 4607
foochowensis 469
fragilis 469
fuscanus Ae w= 469
fuscocephalus .. 17, 469
gelidus : 19 402
graminis ss oc AZO
enophodes 470
halifaxii 470
hirsuteron ve wo
impellens 170574015 470
imprimens 3. 47
infula t..1 470
japonicus : 471, 474
var, ceylonica ES AE
ylongifurcatas 19, 471, 474
longipalpis A.
longipes 471, 472
loricatus ier AGT
ludlowi 406, 471
luteola So) 2G fp
luteolateralis are, ATT
macr pus 471, 472
maculatus ; Be wiley,
mediclineatus .. dg) Aye
microannulatus 411, 472
mMimeticus ‘ .. 9, 472
minimus 472
minor : 473
multimaculosus 473
nigricephalus 473
occidentalis 407
pallidostriatus .. 473
pallidothorax ee
;parascelos 18, 473
perplexus = 5) eAt78
tpettigrewii T5474
pipiens 457, 469, 487
pseudolongifurcatus 471, 474
pseudostenoetrus an CATA
pulchriventer 474
pullus =» 474
pungens 468, 469
quasipipiens Me ATA.
quasiunivittatus 474
reesli 474
rizali 474
volanat 472
sepositus meg GAs
sericeus 411, 475
sitiens pa PAs
stenoetrus 475
taytayensis ea 75
tigripes 19, 411, 475
tipuliformis sre Wn
trilineatus 476
trimaculatus 476
tritaeniorhynchus 476
uncus : 476

Page
Culex uniformis 476
univittatus = 2470
vagans 14, 476
ventralis 442
viridis 476
viridiventer 476
vishuui en 470
Culicada 54, 461
eruthrosops .. ser 402
minuta ae O2
nipponii 21, 462
suknaensis 21, 462
Culicales 409 439
Culicidae cc 33, 40, 53—58,

403—406, 408—414, 435, 504

Culicimorphae 55
Culicina eer EO
Culicinae yy SO 405, 407, 409, 413,
439, 440, 450, 485, 486,
cee 504
Culicini ac ake 54
Culiciomyia ac 456, 474
alis i 457
annulata .. 457
annuloabdominalis 457
ceylonica.. 457
inornata . 457
minutissima 457
nigerrima 457
pulla 457
Culiseta .. 54
Cyathomyia 517
jenseni .. 517
Cyclolepidopteron grabhamii 415
Cyrtoneura stabulans 67
D
Dactylomyia ceylonica 517
Daniela 458
Danielsia albotaeniata 458
Dasymyia fusca 453
Dasyneura 57
Deinoceratinae 413
Deinocerites ae oe) A S7
Dendromyia 54, 5OI, 502, 503
achaetae .. a5 O83
aureochaeta 503
communis 503
scintillans 503
Dendromyinae 410
Desvoidea ae ot 6
fapicalis .. sie 5
obturbans.. a 4
panalectros 5, 468 |
“* Desvoidia ’’ ye Ct
Desvoidya 440, 441, 453
obturbans ; oo Chiat
Diachlorus 321, 361, 303; 364
flavipennis 364
Diatomineura 364, 365
Dichelacera re Or
Dilophus graciosus - 280
Dinoceratinae s« 409
Diplonema 38> 41, 03L0
Diptera 40, 42, 53, 58

Ditylomyta

379, 371 |

Page
Dixa a 54, 575 259, 264—269
tbifasciata 265, 269
fbistriata 265, 268, 269
maculata e200
fmaculipennis 265, 266
fmoutana 264, 265
tochrilineata 265, 267
Dixidae 264
Drymeia .. 56
E
Eatonisca sks AG 38
Ectenopsis 373
Ekrinomyia aureostriata 440
Epialur.i Ss 409
Erephopsis Be 365
‘* Etorilepidomyia ’’.. 440
Etiorleptiomyia ne 484
completiva 484
luzonensis -- 484
‘« Etorlepitiomyia *’ 440, 453, 484
Eucorethra underwoodi Jas ES
Euculicidae 55
Exoprosopa 57
F
Feltidia 5 2) 8 4OE
Ficalbia .. ae 487, 494
longirostris Te 404
minima - 494
simplex : 494
tenax =o, SiL7,
Filaria bancrofti ag 2G
Finlaya 485, 517
aranetana Soy 243C
poicilia - 486
Finlayia 440
G
Gastroxides 365, 370, 372
ater 370, 371
ornatus Bo sf!
Gettonomyta 459
Goeldia te A SOW
Grabhamia 54; 461, 489
ambigua Se) 46
jamaciensis 461
ochracea .. 461
pulcripalpis 14
spenceri 461
sollicitans .. 461
taeniarostris se 401
Grahamia 27, 489
H
Haemagoginae Be CE
Haemagogus 12, 488
Haematobia 61, 62, 63, 66,
82, 83
extgua ac 86
fevox 50 So- <5:
geniculata bo (8

Page |

Haematobia irritans .. ein)’. 8
jrufipes .. 64, 65
sanguisugens 64, 65

serrata GIONS

stimulans 59, 63, 64, 65

tibialis em 63
Haematobosca 59, 60, 61, 62
atripalpis Wea O2
Haematopota 32I—360I1, 375, 401
fannandalei 321, 335, 337,

oe 338

astatica 321, 340, 341

yassamensis 321, 343, 345

atomaria 321, 331, 332,

; 333

;bilineata 321, 331, 350

borneana 321, 329

brevis 322, 349

cana . 322, 330

cilipes . 322, 339, 360

cingalensis 322, 349, 350,
351

cingulata 322, 326, 327
cordigera 322, 351, 357
decova .. 337
}dissimilis 322, 331
dorsalis Dow) able y/
yfasciata 322, 358
fuscifrons 322, 357
yimmaculata 322, 359
yinconspicua 322, 358,
359. 360
indiana -+ 328
irrorata 322, 352
javana - 321, 322, 334,
340, 341, 344.
349
lata 322, 336, 338,
339, 344, 345.
361, 401
+latifascia 322, 356, 358
limbata 322, 325, 326
lunata . 380, 381
lunulata 322, 354, 355,
356
+marginata 322, 347
nigra 322, 340, 341
pachycera 322, 336, 337
pallens -» 348
pluvialis 323, 340, 341
punctifera 322, 327
pungens 352, 353
roralis 322, 323, 330
rubida 322, 327, 336,
Pighss 337, 338, 339
sinensis 322, 345
singularis 322, 327. 337,
338, 339
tessellata 322, 348, 350
unizonata 322, 332
tvalidicornis 322, 333, 335,
337, 338
_ Vittata.. aisle G7
Harpagomyia 4445 504
: splendens +» 504
Heliconia brasiliensis

404,442, 449

‘* Hebotomus ’’ minutus 320

Page
Heinzmannia * 502, 503
Heptaphlebomyinae .. 54, 409
Hodgesia .. 30 487, 500
malayi iSO
quasisanguinae 501
sanguinea 501
Howardia ns i .423
Howardina 54, 423, 485, 490
chrysolineata 450
greeni 450
himalay.ana 456
‘* Hulecoeteomyia’’ .. 455
Hulecoetomyia S 455
fluviatilis 455
jugraensis 455
pseudotaeniata 455
trilineata I4, 455
K
Kerteszia mcgregori .. 431
Kingia annandalei 443
i
Lamellibranchiata 55
Laphria 57
Laverania aoe
Leicesteria ¥ 453, 454, 485
anuulitarsis Som 454
apicalis 454
cingulata.. 454
‘* dolicocephala "’ 455
dolichocephala 455
longipalpis ee 455
Leicesteriomyia 452, 453
flava .. Ee a3
Lemna arrhiza 404
minor st .. ~404
Lepidotomyia 458, 459, 486, 487
alboscutellata Be. Ke
magna ., 458, 459
taeniata he 450
Leptosomatomyia lateralis . 488
Leucomyia 411, 462, 463, 478, 480
gelida ; sr 20
var, cuneata : 20
var. sinensis 20, 463
sinensis ma 20
Limatinae 407, 410
Limatus .. yh cee
Limnobiinae 35
Longipalpi 55
‘* Lophocelomyia *’ 427
Lophoceratomyia -. 463
}bicornuta 25, 463
brevipalpis 25, 463
eminentia sh 403
fraudatrix 25, 26, 463
mamunilifer 463
minor 463
niger 463
rubithoracis 463
sylvestris 465
taeniata 465
uniformis 465
variata 465

Page
Lophomyia asiatica 427
Lophoscelomyia : 424, 427 |
asiatica 427
Tudlowia. . 493
chamberlaini. 493 |
minima : 28493
Lyperosia 60, 61, 66, 82, 83
exigua 6o, 83, 86, 89
;flavohirta 83, 89
irritans 59, 83, 87, 89
minuta 60, 83, 84, 88
sevvata os 83
titillans 83
M
Malaya .. re 501, 503
genurostris 503
Mansonia.. 440, 481, 483
annulata aA S2
annulifera Pease
annulipes ae 411, 482, 483
anopheloides .. 412
arabica 482
chrysogona 482
nevo Be acl?
seguini : 482, 483
septempunctata Bee ksi}
uniformis 22, 406, 482, 483
Mansonioides 440, 482, 483
annulifera 22, 483
septemguttata 483 |
Megalorhini Aes 409
Megalorhinina 410
Megarhinae 407, 409
Megarhininae 413, 434
Megarhinus Die ee 435 54375430 |
ambotnensis 435
ferox 438
gilesit a eA O
tmMisevicors 438, 439
lewaldti 435 |
minimus 435
splendens 435
subultfer 430 |
Melanoconion 54, 484, 480, 490
juxtapallidiceps 484 |
ornatus 484.
pallidiceps 484
uniformis 484
Mesomyia 373
Metanototricha 409
Metantotrichina ; 410
Micrococcus melitensis Te eASO |
Mimomyia 453, 487, 488, 492, 493 |
chamberlaint 492, 493
minuta 30, 492
Mochlonyx 317, 318, 405
effoetus joe» UY)
velutina .. SS HRY/
Musca ‘ P 59, 91
corvina ate aie 82
domestica ee, 90
pungens : 68
Muscidae 56,5 59—93
Mucidus 439, 440
laniger 440

| Page
| Mucidus mucidus -- 440
scatophagoides 4, 440

| Muscinae as 56, 83, 493
Mycetophila ; 57
Mycteromyia : 365, 373
nigrifacies Sm S15)

_ Myzomyia 54,95, 97, 98, Ior,
103—107, 415—418,

421, 422, 517

albirostris 418, 421

annularis .. 418

aurirostris 517

azriki 418
barbirostris 406

christophersi 2, 98, 418, 420
culicifacies 2), 190,975 98,
106, 404, 407,
418, 420, 422

var. punjabensis 98, 106
deceptor 418, 434
dthali ea AIO)
elegans 106, 109, 417, 419
fuliginosus sal AOS
funesta 400, 419, 424

var. umbrosa 419

var. sub-umbrosa.. 419
indefinita .. 406, 419
jehafti 419
kumasit oe AO
leptomeres 96, 97, 98, 106,

419, 434

leucophyrus 417, 420
listoni 96, 97, 98, 106, 420
ludlowii 406, 419, 420
pseudobarbirostris 4.06
punctulata 420, 421, 432
rossii a2 OO a4 OO.
_ 419, 421, 433

var. indefinita 419
tessellata .. 422
thorntoni .. Bon LI
turkhudi .. 96—g99, 106,

; : 404, 422, 424
sinensis See Cig
vanus 400

Myzorhynuchus 95, 99, 100,
102, 103, 105,

106, 107, 109,

415, 424

albotaeniatus 424
alboannulatus 424
barbirostris 3, 99, 102,
103, 106, 407,

424—427

indiensis 427
minutus 425
nigerrimus 99, 102, 103,
106, 425

peditaeniatus 425
philippinensts 426
pictus. . 427
pseudobarbirostris 426
pseudopictus 426
separatus en 420
| sinensis 4, 99, 102, 103,
106, 411, 424,

425, 420, 427

vil

Page

427

Myzorhynchus umbrosus :
102, 426, 427

vanus
N
Neocellia 95, 96, 100,
IOI, 105, 106,
107 428, 432
dudgeoni 100, 102, 106, 432
indica TOO; 101, 102,
106, 407, 432
intermedia 100, 102, 106, 432
stephenst 102, 106, 430
willmori 102, 106, 430
Neomacleaya indica .. 458
var, simplex 458
Neomyzomyia : 109, 418 |
elegans ICQ, 417, 419,
423
leucophyrus 417, 420
** Neonyssorhynchus ’’ SOx
Nemocera ve ae 38
Nemopalpus st ne Ke:
{Neostethopheles 97, 98, 103,
104, 106, 407,
415, 422
altkent 98, 106, 407,
422
culiciformis 98, 106,
422, 423
immaculatus 98, 106
tNeotobanus ss 321, 363
yceylonicus 5) SOK)
Nepenthes alata 501 |
rafflesiana 438
{Nyssomyzomyia IOI, 104, 106,
108, 418, 420
ludlowt AQT eA22
punctulata 421, 422,
432
vosstt 106, 407, 421,
422 |
Nyssorhynchus 95, 96, 99, 100,
IOI, 104, 106,
107, 109, 415,
423, 428, 431
fuliginosus 3, 99, 100,
106, 428
var. adiei 106
var. nagpori 106
var, pallida 428
indiensis 428, 429
jamesii 3, 99, 100, 106,
429
karwari 99, 100, 101,
100, 429
leucophyrus 417
maculatus 3, 99, 100,
106, 407, 429
maculipalpis 99, 100,
IOI, 106,
Rees, 429
var. indiensis 106
niivipes 429, 430
philippinensis 426, 430
pseudowillmori 430
punctulata

432 |

Page
Nyssorhynchus stephensi 3, 99, 106, 430
theobaldi 99, 100, 106,

: 430
willmori 3, 99, 106, 430

Oculeomyia fulleri .. ae ASS
sarawakii 485
‘* Oculiomyia ’’ 5 485
Odontomyia oe Nace SSIS,
Oestridae ae 8 59
O’ Reillia ar Sah ASA.
Orthopodomyia 440, 485, 480
albipes 30, 486
}maculata 29, 486
maculipes 486
nigritarsis 486

P
Pangonia 57+ 395, 366, 367, 373
amboinensis 305, 306, 368
conica Pat 373
longivostris .. 365
rufa : 367
Pangoninae 364, 370, 374
Panoplites Se Pe
{Parabrunettia 289, 290, 291
310, 311
falbohumeralis 311, 312
argenteopunctata 311,
312
artisquamis 311, 312
fflavicollis 311, 312, 314
flongichaeta 311, 312,
314
fo-notata 311, 312. 313
squamipennis 311
Pardomyia aurantia. . 460
quadripunctis 469
Parhaematopota 231750365
cognata 337
{Patagiamyia 97, 98, 104, 106, 107,
109, 407, 415,
416, 417
gigas 98, 106, 407
lindesayi 99, 106
var. maculata 106
Pecomyia 459, 460
caeca af 459
maculata a 400
Pelorempis americana 318
Penthetria 270
melanaspis . te e205
Pericoma 38, 39, 41, 289, 290, 291,
30I—310
annandalei 301, 304
appendiculata 289, 302, 304
bella : 289, 302, 304,
A 230537507
gilvipes 303, 306, 307, 308
yimpunctata 303, 309
lacteitarsis 303, 306, 307, 308
margininotata 289, 290, 297,

302, 304—308, 311

vill

_ © Pseudomyzomyia ”’

Page
Pericoma j;metatarsalis 302, 305
jmixta 303, 306, 307
+proxima .. 303, 307, 308
spinicornis 289, 290, 302,
ae 304
+squaminervis 301, 303
yunicolor .. 303, 309
Phagomyia gubernatoris 456
Philaematomyia insignis 90, 93
Philodendromyia barkeri 503
Phlebotomi 20 319
Phlebotomiella As 37
Phlebotomus 35—52, 289, 319, 504
angustipennis 38, 51, 52
argentipes 37, 38, 4244,
46, 47, 49—51, 319, 320
var. margin-

atus 319
Tbabu 37, 44, 49—52,
319, 320
*var. niger 320
cruciatus see ey.

duboscqui 37, 38 |
+himalayensis 37, 44, 50,
51, 319
fmajor 37, 44, 46, 47, 51,
319, 320
*var. grisea 320
;malabaricus 37, 44, 48
50, 289
marginatus oie) SHO)
mascittii 37, 38
minutus. 37

papatasi 355 375 38, aa: Si,
52, 289, 319, 320

perturbans 35, 38, 44,
47—49, 289
tipuliformis =e 37,
vexator .. oe 37
Phlebotominae 38, 39, 289
Philaematomyia 59, 89, gI
Phoniomyia 501, 502
bimaculipes - EES OZ
caeruleocephala ven OZ
indica 502
‘* Phonomyia ”’ 502 |
Plecia 270—272 |
yatra 271, 272 |
fulvicollis 27 O27.
tindica 270, 271
melanaspis 269, 271 |
fobscura 271 e272
subvarians 271
tergorata 270, 271
thoracica 271
$Pleciomyia 269
melanaspis 270, 271
Polylepidomyia argenteiventris .. 502
Popea RI 410, 485
lutea 485, 517
Poppea 410, 485
Potisa x2 Sa SSH
{Pristirhynchomyia . 59, 91
tlineata QI, 92
Promachus . 57
t{Pseudocarrollia 12, 454

ylophoventralis 1 3, 454

Page

Pseudograbhamia 460, 4890
maculata 14, 460
tPseudograhamia 26, 460, 489
faureoventer 27, 460,

489

_ Pseudohowardina chrysoscuta 456

95, 100, IOI.
106, 421, 422

rossi 95, 100,

IOI, 106

| Pseudoskusea Ae aD 488
mediolineata 451

multiplex 450

nigrotarsis 450
Pseudostegomyia : Ags
Pseudotheobaldia niveitaeniata . aS
Pseudouranotaenia parangensis.. 494
ieee -. 494

Psorophora ; So. zelc{o)
Psorophorinae 413
Psychoda 38, 30, 41, 289—301,
310—315

albonigra 289, 292, 294, 295
albonotata 289, 294, 298
yalbopicta 293, 296
yapicalis 291, 294, 301
argenteopunctata 200573KE
artisquamis .. 310, 311
bengalensis 230 200.8202.

295, 303, 308, 312,

314

ydecora 294, 299
;distans es 293, 296
distincta 289, 290, 294, 208,

iii

}fulvohirta 293, 297, 208
tgeniculata 292, 294
Thirtipennis .. 294, 300
+maculipenuis 294, 299
nigripennis .. 289, 290, 293,
297—300

yorbicularis 292, 293, 298
squamipennis 290, 311
ftratlsversa .. 294, 299, 300

vittata 289, 293, 298
Psychodidae 38, 40, 43, 57,
289

Psychodinae a 38, 289
Ptychopterinae Ac bo GS
Pyretophorus 95; 97, 99, 104, 106,
107, 418, 423,

, 433

costalis .. 99, 407

elegans 96, 97, 99,

106, 417, 423

freerae ao) 2S
jeyporiensis 96, 97, 99,

106

minimus Bo 283
nigrifasciatus 096,97, 99,

106, 424

nursei 96, 97,99, 106,

424

palestinensis 99, 407
philippinensts 430

punctulata 96, 97, 99, 106

watsonii ae eezd

Page

Quasistegomyia SPs 443, 447

gardneri 443

Rachionotomyia ceylonensis 455

Radioculex clavipalpus 26, 465

Ramcia n 504, 5C5

inepta Men SOS

Reedomyia 458, 486, 487
ss alboscutella 22 eee S701)
alboscutellata 487 |

lowisii 5 487
niveoscutellata 487 |
pampangensis ee 474 ||
Rhinomyza Bs 365, 369 |

fusca e309

Rhynchomyia 493

Rhyphidae 259

Rhyphus 259—263

Tdistinctus 260, 262, 263, 264

tdivisus 269, 263, 264

fenestralis 259, 261, 264

*var. indicus .. 259,

261

indicus so. AOE

maculipennis 259, 260, 261

+pulchricornis 259, 260

punctatus 259, 262

Runchomyia 493, 501

philippinensis 403

Sabethes .. 501

Sabethinae 405

Sabethini 54

Sabethoides oe SOL

Sayomyta 317, 318, 504, 505

Scatopse brunnescens a 205

fnigronitida .. 281

Sciara era 57

Scutomyia 5 448, 452, 453

albolineata so Lge

nivea : 452

notoscripta 452

subsp. samar-

ensis 452

sugens 452

treubi ees Ly,

Silvius 365, 373

tindianus pees 74

vituli ae ve 3a

Simulium 56, 282—288, 445

taureohirtum 282, 286, 287

tgriseifrons 282, 285

tgrisescens 282, 283, 284

indicum 282, 284, 286, 288

tmetatarsalis 282, 284, 285

yrufibasis 282, 285

trufithorax swaneoe

tsenilis 282, 288
Siphona .. d 66 |

Siphonatae 55

Siphoniata 55

Page

Skeiromyia 488, 498, 500
fusca a 500

Skusea .. 450, 488
culiciformis eee AST
diurna 33, 451
funerea Ae 45S

var. ornata 451
mediofasciata . ae AGI
ypseudodiurna .. 32, 455
pseudomediofasciata 451
yuniformis 33,451
fSquamomyia . 28, 489
tinornata. 28, 489

Stegomyia 10, 12, 439, 443, 444,
447, 448, 453, 456

yalbipes ‘ II, 444
albolateralis 444
albopictus .. 449

amesii 444
yannandalei IO, 444
annulirostris 444
argenteomaculata 444
assamensis 12, 445
aurostriata 445
brevipalpis -. 445

calopus 406, 446

crassipes 445

desmotes .. 445
dissimilis .. en 445

fasciata 8, 406, 411, 436,

446, 449

var. luciensis 446
frater a= 446

fusca 447» 491

gavdnert 447

gracilis 447

imitator 447
leucomeres 447
medio-punctata 447
microptera 447
;minutissima Q;, 11; 4, 448

nigritia 517

nivea 5 448
periskelata 448

perplexa 448
pipersalata 448
pseudonivea 448
punctolateralis 448
scutellaris 8,9, 446, 448,

449

subsp. sama-

rensis 449

sexlineata .. 449
striocrura .. 449

thomsoni .. 450
tripunctata 450

w-alba : 450
Stethomyia 95°97 106, 415
culiciformis , 106, 423

fragilis we 423

pallida Ee oy ee,
Stomoxinae ae 59, 60
Stomoxys 56, 59. 61, 63, 66, 67,
81, 82, 83

aculeata +E a 69
auvifactes .. siete OG
bengalensis 68, 71, 79, 80

Stomoxys brunnipes..

38 |

calcitrans 59, 63, 66, 67,
68, 73—76, 79,
Si noes,
chrysocephala - 69
clavipennis .. 69
cunctans 69
dacnusa 81
diva 69
flavescens 69
indica -59, 68, 77, 78, 79, 80
infesta ‘ : 69
inimica 69, 72
tyvitans Ae 66
? libatrix 6on72 4\
limbata (?) 68,77, 78, 79, 80 |
minuta ae 69 |
nigra ei 79 |
toblongopunctata 67, 73
omega : . 81
plurinotata.. 677473
praecox 50 69
pulla 59, 68, 80, 81
pungens ne 69
pusilla 68, 80, 81
vubrifrons : 69
sellata : 74
sitiens 68, 75, 76
stimulans 3 66
sugillatrix 69
tesseliata : 68
}triangularis. . 68, 77
vulnervans ae 69
Stygeromyia : 59, O1, 62, 82
maculosa. . Si 82 |
Sycorax ..
Tr
Tabanidae 112, 321, 401, 492
Tabaninae af 321
Tabanus 58, I11I—258, 321, 361,
363, 364, 380, 401
abazus st 240, 247
abbreviatus Life SER Deisie
232, 235
abscondens 118, 161, 231, 235
t+adjacens 247, 248
administrans 167, 168, 171,
231
agricola 133, 135, 231, 248
albilateralis .. 128, 23
albilinea So AS
albimedius TLS, U5L. 154,
155, 156, 157, 231,
233, 2345 235
albocostatus 146, 190, 231
talbofasciatus 116, 146, 231,
235
alboscutatus 122, 9h30 92S Ls
235
albulus 136, 231
alexandrinus So DG,
amaenus T1Q, dO7, 169, 231,
235, 236
andamantcus. . 217, 231

Page

| Tabanus angusticornis 236, 237
angustus 212, 231
annamitus 117, 149, 231, 235
apicalis 182, 216, 231
apricus 246, 247
ardens 2003. 2240231. 235
aspahanicus .. 247, 255
assamensis 194, 231
astur P wt 2A8
fatrohirtus 125, 209, 231, 235
auricinctus 22156289
auriflamma .. 117, 143, 148,
231, 235

tauristriatus .. 118, 149, 161,
231, 235

aurotestaceus II9, 149, 163,
231, 235

autumunalis E55), L685 LOO,
170, 171, 247, 253

barbarus : Powis G2{0)
basalis 116; 147, TOOs230%
235

bicallosus Il4, 229, 231, 234
tbicinctus Mos 1A YA. TR EH ic
234, 235

bifarius 247, 254
bipunctatus .. Sens 4:
birmanicus 124, 200, 201,
231, 235

bituberculatus 231, 236
borniensis 126, 216, 231, 235
bovinus 185, 245
bromius 246, 247
brunneus I Zi elO7eL Os
192, 237, 235

;brunnipennis 158, 160, 231,
235

bubali 149, 166, 231, 235
bucolicus 136, 187, 231
buddha 236, 238, 239
caerulescens 124, 200, 203,
205, 225, 232,

235

calidus 156, 15751230
canipalpis 246, 247
ceylonicus 127, 129, 222, 223,
231, 233, 235

chinensis 152,231
chrysurus 23612375 23951239
cinctus mi Soe olay.
cinevascens 215, 219, 220, 231
clausacella 167, 171, 231, 236
conformis : ese
confuctus 236, 244, 245
conicus 3 232
consanguineus 123, 197, 232,
235

consocius ; 195, 196, 232
cordiger 236, 239, 244, 247,
254

costalis 153, 198, 232
crassus 122, 148, 189,
232, 235, 236

cyanops se 25 any,
}cyprianus 247, 248
decorus bo Sey,
tdiscrepans 122, 185, 232, 235

Page

Tabanus tdissimilis .. 121, 180, 181,
232, 235

ditaeniatus .. 115, 133, 134,
135, 232, 234,

235, 236

tdiversifrons 1260) 2135 204,
2305, 232, 235

dives 186, 206, 207, 232
dorsiger TOS
dorsilinea PEO Wyo) 232
eggeri 187, 247, 249
equestris 139, 140, 232
erythrocephalus 7 530
explicatus 122, I9I1, 232, 235
factiosus T2017 Om 2325 235
felderi [OF TSO. 230, 2325
236

fevvidus 6 232
finalis : 182
{WHAVACINCEUSE ue 1LS, 130; 232.5
oe 234
tflavissimus 125, 207, 232, 235
flaviventris 126,213), 2145
282.7235,1230

+flavothorax 124, 201, 232,
Ee 235
flexilis 116, 140, 141, 143,
ae 232, 233
+formosiensis T2720 2325
236

fulvicornis .. 246, 247
fulvimedius .. 123, 197, 198,
232, 233, 235,

236

fulvissimus U2he 205.207
232, 235

fulvus TZ Ube sg) LGA),
231, 232, 235, 236

fumifer LUZ LT Ov ani7i3s

174, 175, 177, 179,
180, 185, 186, 208,

217, 232, 235

fumipennis 200, 225, 232, 235
fuscicauda 126, 214, 217, 231
: 232, 235 |
fiuscicornis 116, 144, 232, 235 |
tfuscomaculatus 122, 183 |
geniculatus TSS 200) 2325235
gigas ; ene 2A
glaber 161, 247, 249
graecus 5¢ nee 2A7. ||
gratus : 129
guineensis SILOS
hilaris 117, 153, 164, 232, 235
hirticeps ae se 230
thirtipalpis 114, 129, 232, 234
thirtistriatus FES) 1585 232,

; 235
hirtus 127, 227, 232
hoang 134, 236
humilis be cep ets)
hybridus 118, 149, 162, 163,

i ; 232), 235
ignobilis 121, 180, 181, 232,
SAG 235 |
imimanis 149, 166, 200,

232, 235 |

Tabanus incultus

Page
188, 199, 232, 235

tindianus L2OpD7Ss Los. 2325
233, 235, 236

indicus ae 198, 232
infuscatus 246, 247
tinobservatus 124, 204, 205,
226, 232, 235

inscitus aie ee 232
intermedius 187, 249
tnternus V7.3 PL 775 2325 235
ispahanicus .. 247, 255
ixion 200.) 220), 233), 235
japonicus : a5 ele
javanus EL Ges on 2990) 255
joidus 125. 147,209, 2205
212, 233, 235

jucundus 119, 164, 233, 235
justorius T2a, 1925 193, 233;
235

khasiensis 123, 193, 2335 255
lacvyymans sa 233
lama Be ee {S)
laotianus 200. 212, 220;
233, 235

leucocnematus II5, 130—132,
233, 234

fleucohirtus 125, 208, 209,
233, 235

leucopogon 122, 184, 188,
233, 235

leucopterus .. 40 wists:
leucosparsus 1675 187, 233)
235

lineola 198
longicornis .. 5. mug yS)
lunatus ve 5 Beal
macey A 36 233
;malayensis L2G) D7 sy Diyos
: 233, 235
mandarinus 119, 168, 170,
233, 234, 235,

236, 237

manilensts 150, 152, 233
megalops 150, 152, 233
melanognathus 200, 226, 233,
235

melanopygatus 197, 233
mentitus (?) 17.17 Oneas
minimus 221, 233
}miyajima 247, 250
montlifer 159, 173, 233
monotaeniatus 118, 159,
160, 233, 235, 401

montanus 246, 247
miihlfeldi ey yy,
{negativus Dine 1375 2535
235

nemocallosus Trl 372535
234

nephodes 116, 145, 233,
235

nexus 121, I81', 233, 235
nicobarensis T23\/191, 233;
, 235
nigrita ot an | 2A
nigromaculatus 2335 235
nigropictus 125, 210, 233, 235

xii

tsexcinctus

115, 133, 234 |

Page
Tabanus nigrotectus 124, 202, 233, 235
nitidulus 223, 233
niveipalpis 246, 247 |
¢non-optatus .. 116, 140, 233,
235
obconicus 126 2ihs 235
235
obscuratus .. 203, 205 |
obsoletus ie eos
occidentalis .. en LOS
optatus 116,139, 140; 141,
231, 232, 233, 234,
3 235
orientalis 188, 196, 198, 233,
; 235 |
orientis 123, 010512905 a19 7/5
198, 228, 232, 233,
235, 401
oxyceratus 123, 184, 195,
233, 235
pagodinus 197, 233
pallidepectoratus 125, 209, |
é 233, 235
palpalis 125), 2025231, 23351
235
par 206, 207
partitus 150, 152, 233
pauper 125, 207, 233, 235
tperakiensis 124, 204, 233, 235 |
perlinea 195, 199, 233
tpersis 247, 251
pictipennis TAO; 41415 143), |
233
polygonus .. 247, 252
polyzonatus .. ee
+pratti 116, 14353144, 145, |
233, 235 |
priscus L50,1157, 233 |
puella os 136, 233
pulchellus .. sreeea 7 a
pulchriventris 236, 243 |
pulverifer 247, 254
pusillus 222, 223, 236, 242
fputeus LIQ, 165, 234, 235
pyvausta 188, 234
pyrrhoceras . She OES
pyrvhus 134, 234, 236
quadrifarius .. 247, 254
quinquevittatus «« 198 |
yrarus 114, 128, 234, 235 |
rectus : Ni ity GES ||
reducens Se Sa NG
rubicundus 120, 106; 172,
VOT), 4232, 234)
; 235
rubidus UES 5 1 LSi50050,
cf. 157, 234, 235
rubiginosus .. op cel
vufidens ep e230
rufiventris 167, 185, 234
yufocallosus .. 150;2052, 234
rusticus 112, 135
sabuletorum 2A7 254 ||
sanguineus 123, 104,231, ||
Bs 234, 235, 236
servillei 122, 188, 234, 235 |

Page
Tabanus tsiamensis 125, 212, 234, 235
signatipennis 167, 236
signifer 122, 167, 181, 182,
234, 236
tsignificans 122, 182, 234, 235,
250
simplissimus L27Qne2t 2246
233, 234, 235
stnicus 150, 152, 234, 236
solstitialis 56 CAG
tspeciosus TTS, 057523452355
236
spectabilis 247, 253,255
speculum .. eas
spoliatus : areal AL
+stantoni 1205 57491 005220775
208, 232, 234, 235
striatus 117, 129, 149
151—153, 155, 156,
198, 231, 232, 233,
234, 235
+subcallosus 127, 227, 234
+subcinerascens D2O=. 2G
234, 235
subhirtus 127 2TO 2) site
} 334, 235
sumatrensis so 234
taeniatus .. ote
taeniola St bo.) AS}
tataricus 236, 242
tenebrosus 124, 203, 234,
2355 237, 243
tenens aa 150, 152, 234
(Therioplectes) 112, 113, 127,
227, 236, 247
albilatera-

lis Beez 30
hirticeps 236
hirtus .. 228

pulchri-
ventris 236

tsubcallo-
SUS Eas see 27/6
234
twyvillei,. 229,
234
+tinctothorax 124, 202, 234,
; 235
triangularis Fa ley,
tricolor ag oxy
tyvigeminus 170, 171, 234, 237
trigonus 237, 243, 244,
245
trilineatus .. AG. Heys
tristis 119, 163, 234, 235
trivittatus .. fetOS
+tuberculatus 1275722052346
: 235
umbrinus ., ee 247,
umbrosus 156,157, 234
unifasciatus eee a7,
funiformis 127, 218, 234, 235

univentris 125, 186, 206, 207,
232, 234, 235
156, 157, 234
116, 140, 141,
143, 234, 235

vagus
vanderwulpi

Page
Tabanus varicolor 120, 172, 234; 235
variegatus .. 172, 234

virgo LTS 2 Oy 240-233),
, 234 |
vittatus .. 5A MUGS
twyvillei .. W277 238A
yao 236, 237, 244, 245
yokoamensis 237, 246

M223 On) 2375
244, 246, 247

Tabanus (Atylotus)

‘Tachinidae be 441, 453, 502
Taeniorhynchus 468, 478, 480, 481
ager .. DOTA e
argenteus 462, 478
aureosquammatus 478
aurites 479, 482
brevicellulus en d7O
confinnis eee AZO)
conopas 35 lve)
domesticus 55 2/0)
tepidesmus 22s 2A AO
lineatopennis 479
tluteoabdominalis.. 23.
479

ochraceus ee AO
pagei .. 78 450
tenax.. 22, 480
var. ocellata.. 480
var. maculipes 480

var. maculipes

arabiensis 480
whitmorei 5o EO)
Teromyia yd 435, 439
acaudata .. ee She)
ater . 438
funestus .. e435
magnificus .. 438, 439
quasiferox 55) ZIG)
raris ve 439
Theobaldia annulata 459
spathipalpis e459
Theobaldiomyia * 462, 478, 480
argentea eee OZ
gelidus 411, 462
var. bipunctata 465
var. cuneata 463
sinensis : 463
whitmoret Se lores
Theobaldinella 54, 459
Theobaldius te ser 4:59
Therioplectes Piss bies 02770227.
Dale 2I 22d
albilateralis 235
hirtus 229, 230, 235
tsubcallosus 235
twyvillei dy BBE
Tipula .. wa 57, 318
culactformis aa Sz
flavicans ale 317
pallida Ae 317
plumicornts .. lay,
punctipennis .. ee Sly
Tipulinae as 55
Tipulidae 55> 57
‘Topomyia iz 185, 499
argyropalpis -» 409

argyroventralis 199, 500

Topomyia decorabilis
durbitans
gracilis
minor ..
nigra Be
rubithoracis
‘* rubithorax ”’
tipuliformis

Toxorhynchites

amboinensis
argenteotarsis
brevipalpis
gilesii. .
immisericors

436,

inornatus
javaensis
leicesteri
lewaldii
marshalli
*“ metallica ’’
metallicus
minimus
speciosus
splendens
subulifer
Trichomyia sc
Trichopronomyia annulata
Trichoprosoponinae ..
Trichorhynchomyia fuscus
Trichovhynchus ay:

435, 436,

Page

499,
437.

4,
437;

410,

499
499
499
500
500
500
500
500
439
435
435
435
435

435;

438
436
436
437
437
435
437
437
437
435
437
437

38
477
413
477
477

Udenocera 32 GOls 408
brunnea ee 302
Uranotaenia 439, 453, 487, 493. 494,
495. 495
argyrotarsis OS
ascidiicola Pee Gali,
atra 495
bicolor .. 495
bimaculata 495
bimaculialia 495
caeruleocephala
var. lateralis 495. 490
campestris 495
cancer 490
ceylonica 496
fusca 496
lateralis... r 496
longirostris 496
lutescens 490
maculipleura 490
malayi we* 400
maxima.. 495, 497
mijcans aa) 407
mIntmMa .. 497
modesta or 407
nitidoventer 193, 497
NIVEA Was ne) 407
nivipleura 497
powelli - 497
testacea,. 20, 497
trilineata 498
unilineata 498

Uranotaenia unimaculata
unimaculiala
Uranotaeniinae

Veprius ..

Verallina..

Verralina

Verrallina
butleri
fragilis ob
imitator
indecorabilis
malayi
pygmaea

xiv

487, 498, 499

495 gracilis .. 498

PREFATORY NOTE TO VOLUME IV.

So many papers have been received and promised for the
Records of the Indian Museum this year that it has been decided to
publish a special volume (vol. iv) devoted to the systematic and
geographical study of Diptera proved to be or likely to prove of
economic or medical importance. The papers that constitute this
volume will be issued as they are ready, concurrently with the parts
of volume v, which will be devoted to general zoology.

The preparation of vol. iv has been rendered possible by the
untiring industry of Mr. E. Brunetti, by the assistance generously
given by private collectors (notably by Lt-Col. E. A. W. Hall,
I.M.S.) and by the liberality with which the Trustees of the Indian
Museum have permitted their scientific officers to travel through
India to collect and observe. These circumstances have combined
to render our collection of Indian Diptera one of great importance
and have enabled the Museum to resume the position as a centre of
entomological work that it held in the days of Wood-Mason and de
Nicéville.

In addition to Mr. Theobald’s report on recent additions to the
collection of mosquitoes with which it commences, this volume will
contain a revision of the Oriental Gad-flies by Miss Ricardo, a revi-
sion of the Oriental blood-sucking Muscide by Mr. Brunetti, an ac-
count of the Indian Papataci flies (Phlebotomus) by Dr. Annandale,
a revision of the Oriental Diptera Pupipara by Dr. Speiser,
a revision of the Oriental Trypetidze (fruit-flies) by Prof. Bezzi, and
other papers and notes. An account of the Indian Chironomidz
(including many blood-sucking species) has been received from
Prof. Kieffer and is now in the press, but as the group is a large one
and has hitherto been almost completely neglected so far as Indian
forms are concerned, this paper will be published in the Memozrs
of the Indian Museum.

N. ANNANDALE,
Indian Museum, Superintendent.
Calcutta :
Feb. oth, 1910.

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Po CON DERE PORT ON "THE COLLECTION
OP SCULIChDis IN VTH ER TNDTAN MUSEUM ,
Cee Ut hre VW hee REET TONS: OF
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES.

By FRED. V. THEOBALD, M.A, etc.

NOTE.

The following report and descriptions of new species of
Culicide is based on further collections belonging to the Indian
Museum, Calcutta, sent me in 1908.' The types will be found
in that Museum, but some co-types, where possible, have been
retained for the British Museum of Natural History. Twenty
new species are described and four new genera, also on2 new
variety of an Anopheline.

The series of banded-proboscis Culex provisionally placed as
Culex tmpellens, Walker, must be specially worked out, as I find
such wide variation that it is impossible to separate them and it is
likely that several of the more recently described banded-proboscis
species will have to sink as subspecies under one of the older names.
This cannot be settled off-hand, males and females must be bred
and the genitalia of the former and the larve examined before any
further advance can be made in this group of Culex.

SPECIES IN THE COLLECTION.
Family CULICID.
1. Anopheles lindesayi, Giles, var. maculata, var. nov.

A very distinct variety of this marked species. The wings
have a dense black spot of scales at the base of the long vein, a
dense black spot of scales at the cross-veins, another at the base of
the first fork-cell, a smaller one at the base of the second fork-cell
and the outer edge of the costa, the first long vein and the base
of the branches of the first fork-cell all very dark. ‘There are no
pale spots on the wing fringe.

Habitat Kurseong, 5,000 feet, Darjiling district, FE. Himalayas
(Annandale).

Time of capture 5-vii-08.

1 The first report was published in the Records of the Indian Museum, vol.
it, part iii, Oct. 1908, pp. 287—302. The species figured in the plates accompany-
ing this report were described in the former report —Ep., Rec. Ind. Mus.

2 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor lve

Observations.—A single perfect female. Evidently only a
variety of Giles’s species, but the marked maculation of the wings
gives it a very different appearance.

2. Myzomyia rossit, Giles.
Journ. Trop. Med., Oct., 1899.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, ‘‘in house,” ro and 1I-viii-o8 (R. E. Lloyd)
and 28-viii-08 (2) (2. H. Burkill) ; “‘ common below leather hoods of
hired carriages and in public galleries of Indian Museum,” vii-o8
(Annandale); Balliganj, near Calcutta, 9-x-08 (2) (7. Bentham) ;
Bamungachi, Howrah, near Calcutta, 2 and 9-ix-08 (J. Caunter) ;
Port Canning, Lower Bengal (2), 9-x-o8. Katihar, Purneah dis-
trict, N. Bengal, 6-viii-o7 and 4—5-x-08 (2) (C. Paiva). Sur lake,
near Puri, Orissa, 25 and 26-x-08 (2), ‘‘ biting by day when dis-
turbed from old wells’”’ (A nnandaie).

E. Bengal and Assam.—Chittagong, E. Bengal, 7-vili-08, 19 and
21-ix-08 (Lt.-Col. Hall).

Madras Presidency.—Gopkuda Id., Chilka lake, Ganjam dis-
trict, near Bengal frontier, 7—15-viit-07 (R. Hodgart).

Travancore State—Trivandrum, Vaikum (coastal region),
Shencottah on the Madras frontier (e. side of W. Ghats),
Kulattupuzha (w. base of W. Ghats): all collected by Dr. Annan-
dale between 5 and 25-xi-08.

The Punjab —Ferozepore (Lt.-Col. Adte) (34).

At sea.—On board ship 10 miles off Coconada on the Madras
coast, 17-iv-08 (C. Patva).

NoTrEe.—One specimen from Calcutta, quite typical, with label
stating that it was determined by Giles as Anopheles costals; he
does not mention this in his Handbook.

3. Myzomyra culicifacies, Giles.
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, p. 197, Igor.

Localities and Dates.
Bengal.—Rajmahal, 31-viii-o7 (Kk. Hodgart).
Burma.—Mandalay, 7 and @ ‘‘ in bathroom,’’ 13 and
14-11-08 (Annandale).
The United Provinces —Vucknow, 21-1-08 (Rk. Hodgart).
The Punjab.—Ferozepore (Lt.-Col. Adie).

4. Myzomyta christophersi, Theob.
Proc. Royal Soc., \xix 91378 \ian; 1902:

Localities and Dates.

Benga!.—Calcutta (Lt.-Col. Alcock).
E. Bengal and Assam.—Meenglas, Dooars, Jalpaiguri, 13-vili-07
(C. Wallich) (1); Sylhet, Assam, 2-v-05 (Lt.-Col. Hall).

1910. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 3

5. Nyssorhynchus janestt, Theob.
Mono. Culictd., i, p. 134, Igor. i
Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, 5-vill-o8 (Annandale) ; Shamnagar, 3-viii-05
(C. A. Gourlay) (3).

6. Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus, Giles.
Handbk. Gnats, p. 160, Ist Edit., 1900.

Additional Localities and Dates.
Bengal.—Calcutta (Museum premises), r5-vii-o8 and 12-viii-08,
“at light in house,’’ 14-viii-o8, ‘‘ in bungalow at light”
(Annandale); Balighai near Puri, Orissa, 23 and 24-x-08, ‘‘ numer-
ous in old wells, resting by day ’’ (Annandale).
The Punjab.—Ferozepore (20) (Li.-Col. Adte).

7. Nyssorhynchus maculatus, Theob.
Mono. Culicid., i, p. 171, Igor.

Localities and Dates.
Nepal.—Nara Ghat, Bengal frontier, 25 and 26-11-08 ; Thamas-
pur, Bengal frontier, 18 and 20-11-08 (mus. collr.), 7 and @.
Three rather large specimens but otherwise quite typical; the
apical abdominal scales quite distinct.
One o from the Punjab (?) has the outer costal border very
dark, showing no third pale costal spot.

8. Nyssorhynchus willmort, James-Theobald,

Mono. Culicid., iti, p. 100, 1903.

FE. Bengal.—Meenglas, Dooars, Jalpaiguri, 13-vii-o7 (C. Wal-
lich).

9g. Nyssorhynchus stephenst, Liston.

Ind. Med, Gaz.,

Bengal.—Calcutta, ‘‘ flying by day in Museum garden,’’
15-vi1-08 (Annandale).

Ravi INO. £2. TOOL.

10. Cellia pulcherrima, Theob.

Proc. Royal Soc., p. 369, vol. xix, 1902.
The Punjab.—Ferozepore (Lt.-Col. Adie).

11. Myzorhynchus barbirostris, Van der Wulp.
Leyden Museum Notes, vi, p. 46, 1884.

Localities and Dates.

E.. Bengal and Assam.—15-i-07, Chittagong, 15-viii-o8 (Lt.-Col.
Hall),

4 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

Travancore State-—Nedumangad, ten miles N.E. of Trivan-
drum, 14-xi-o8 (Annandale).

12. Mvyzorhynchus sinensis, Wiedemann.
Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., p. 547, 1828.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta (Museum premises), 9-vi-08, 28-vii-o8, and
viii-o8, ‘‘in bathroom ’’ (Annandale); Damukdia Ghat, R. Ganges,
30-iv-08, “‘ at light on board steamer” (Annandale).

Assam.—Sylhet, 13-i-03, 13-104, 20-i-03, 26-103, 23-11-05,
27-v-00, 4 and 7-vi-05, 24-vii-o8 (Li-Col. Hall); Ukhrul, Manipur,
6,400 feet, lat. 25° N., long. 94-95° E., viii-o8 (Rev. W. Pettigrew)
(16).

The Punjab.—Ferozepore (Lt-Co/. Adie).

Travancore State.—-Maddathorai, w. base of W. Ghats, 18-ix-09
(Annandale).

13. Toxorhynchites tmmisericors, Wk.

Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., p. 91, 1860.

9. Thorax clothed with metallic green and bronze scales,
pale apple-green and pale blue at the sides in front and up to the
base of the wings ; pleurze dense'y silvery white-scaled, dark above
and below; head with a rich brown tinge in some lights, green in
others, paler around the eyes; palpi and proboscis metallic purple
and violet with mauve scales at the apex of the palpi. Abdomen
as in the male but the tail tuft more pronounced. Fore legs
with the metatarsals and first tarsal segments creamy white, rest
dark: mid legs with the base of the metatarsals creamy white
and all the first three tarsals; hind legs with the first two tarsals
white.

Note.—The @ is redescribed here as the specimen in the
British Museum was too damaged to do so.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengai.—Calcutta (Museum compound), 6-i-07, 2, 16, 28 and.
31-vil-07 (6), 2, 5, 6 and 26 vili-o7 (19) (Annandale); (Zoological
Gardens), 9-vii and 12-vili-o8 (2) (Annandale).

E. Bengal and Assam.—Chittagong, 3-ix-o8 (Li.-Col. Hall) ;
Sylhet, Assam, 5-v-05 (Lt.-Col. Hall).

The Himalayas.—Bhim Tal, 4,500 feet, Kumaon, 19 and 22-ix-
06 (Annandale).

14. Mucidus scataphagoides, 'Theob.

Mono. Culictd., i, p. 277, I190l.
N. Bengal.—Purneah, 5-viii-o7 (19 ) (C. Patva).

15. Desvoidea obturbans, Wik. (and varieties).

Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., iv, p. 91, 1860.

19:0. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicida, 5

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, 21-i-08, 13-iii-07, I6-ili-07, I5-vii-o7, 22-vii-
07, 2-viii-07, 6-viii-07 (5), 28-i-08 (Annandale), 3 and 4-vii1-07 (2),
15-Viii-07, 2-viii-o7, 23-viii-o7, 4, 7 and 15-xii-08, “‘ biting by day”’
(C. Paiva); Balliganj, near Calcutta, 30-ix, 9 and 11-x-08 (T. Ben-
tham); Rajmahal, 30-vii-o7 (R Hodgart).

The Himalayas.—Sukna, 500 feet, base of EK. Himalayas,
Darjiling district, I-vii-o8 , ‘‘in deep jungle’”’ (Annandale) ; Kurseong,
5,000 feet, Darjiling district, E. H.malayas, 5-vii-08 (Annandale).

Travancore.—Trivandrum, 14-xi-o8 (Annandale).

‘Numerous specimens of this species were reared in July,
1909, by Mr. G. H. Tipper, from a glass of water left standing on a
table in the office of the Geological Survey of India, Calcutta”’
(Annandale).

16. Desvoidea panalectros, Giles.

The co-type (Reg. No. *$3°) is nothing but an immature large
Culex fatigans, Wied., with distinct abdominal banding.

17. Desvoidea apicalts, sp. nov.

Head dark brown, paler around the eyes; palpi and proboscis
black. ‘Thorax bronzy brown, with a pale line around the front
and sides; pleuree brown with silvery white-scaled areas. Abdomen
black with prominent apical yellow bands and snowy white lateral
spots. Legs black, unbanded, bases and venter of femora white.

2. Head clothed with flat violet-black scales, some white
ones forming a central line and small creamy curved ones forming
a border around the eyes; a tuft of pale golden chetz projecting
between the eyes, dark ones at the sides; clypeus black with
small creamy spindle-shaped scales; palpi and proboscis deep
violet-black ; antenne black, the basal segment testaceous and
black with small creamy scales, base of the second segment bright
ferruginous.

Thorax black with narrow-curved almost hair-like bronzy
scales, broader and pale ones forming a border around the front
and sides of the mesothorax, the scales longer, broader and larger
before the scutellum ; a dense tuft of brown cheetz over the roots
of the wings; scutellum clothed with flat violet scales, border
bristles rich brown; metanotum brown; pleura brown with
patches of flat white scales.

Abdomen black with violet reflections, all the segments but
the first and last two with broad yellow apical bands, narrowed at
the sides, and not passing quite to the edges; posterior border
bristles small, brown with pale reflections ; large lateral white
spots, most marked on the apical segments.

Legs black, unbanded, femora pale beneath, the hind pair
white below and at the base; chete dark (in some lights the legs
have a brassy sheen); fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate ,
hind equal and simple.

6 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

Wings with short fork-cells, nearly equal in length; the first
submarginal narrower than the second posterior, its base a little
nearer the apex of the wing, its stem nearly as long as the cell, stem
of the second posterior as long as the cell, about one-and-a-half
times its own length distant from the mid. Halteres with a pale
testaceous stem, fuscous scales towards the white knob.

Length 6 mm.

Habitat Balighai near Puri, Orissa.

Time of capture 24-x-08 (Annandale).

Observations.—Described from a single perfect @. It is a
typical Desvoidea and can be told at once by the very pronounced
apical yellow abdominal bands.

18. Brevirhynchus magnus, Theob. (Pls. ii and iii, wing and wing
scales.)

Recalnd. Musi it, p.-202, 1008.

Additional Localities and Dates.

The Himalayas.—Sukna, 500 feet, base of E. Himalayas,
Darjiling district, I-vii-o8, ‘‘in thick jungle” (Annandale).

Travancore.—Maddathorai, w. base of W. Ghats, 17-xi-08
(Annandale) (1 @ ).

1g. Brevirhynchus annulipalpis, sp. nov.

Thorax black with scanty dull golden scales, arranged in
rather obscure lines, sides and front of the mesonotum pale scaled ;
pleuree with patches of white scales. Head black, pale in middle.
The rather long black palpi with a snow-white band. Proboscis
black, unbanded. Abdomen black with snowy white bands near
the apex of some of the segments and with long thin lateral creamy
spots. Legs dark with basal pale bands and pale cheetez.

@. Head clothed with rather large, loose, flat dark scales,
showing dull violet reflections, similar creamy ones forming a
narrow median area, some creamy ones around the eyes and small
almost white lateral flat scales, a few thick black chetz at the
eye borders and golden ones between the eyes; clypeus dark with
small flat pale scales; proboscis rather short, thick and uniformly
black, metallic. Palpi about half the length of the proboscis,
black with metallic violet reflections, a broad white band about the
middle and a narrow creamy one nearer the base: antennz black,
basal segment and base of the second bright testaceous, the former
with small flat dark and creamy scales. Thorax black, clothed
with long narrow-curved black, coppery and creamy scales, the
latter in rather indistinct lines, sides of the mesonotum with rather
broader pale creamy curved scales, which also pass around the
front; the scales are larger, long and lanceolate over the roots of
the wings, creamy and violet; dense dark brown cheetze also over
the roots of the wings; scutellum large, clothed with loosely ap-
plied flat violet and creamy scales and with rich brown border

1910. | F, V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 7

bristles ; metanotum shiny black, shagreened over its surface ; pleurze
brown with irregular patches of creamy white scales, which extend
up to the edge of the pale areas of the mesonotum; prothoracic
lobes with flat creamy white scales.

Abdomen black with violet reflections, the first segment un-
banded, with very fine pale hairs, second segment with a large
creamy median basal spot, traces of a pale area on each side
near the apex, but not nearly forming a band, the third to fifth
segments with almost complete white bands towards the apical
borders; a trace of pale scales on the sixth, similar to the
second; apical segment with a brassy sheen and some golden
brown chetz, a yellow lateral line on each segment; venter black
and white.

Legs black with white basal bands; femora black, pale
beneath, in the hind pair white at the base and below except at
the apex; a pale, almost white spot at the base of the fore meta-
tarsals and first two tarsi, in the mid legs the banding is slightly
more pronounced, especially on the metatarsi, in the hind legs all
the tarsi have basal white bands and the chete are prominently
pale, ungues equal and simple.

Wings with dense brown scales; the first submarginal cell
longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer
the base of the wing, its stem less than one-third the length of the
cell; stem of the second posterior not quite as long as the cell;
posterior cross-vein nearly twice its own length distant from the
mid; halteres with the stem grey, then fuscous and the knob
creamy white.

Length 5 5 mm.

Habitat Maddathorai, w. base of W. Ghats, Travancore
(Annandale).

Time of capture 16-xi-08.

Observations.—Described from a single perfect @. At once
told from any other known member of the genus by the banded
palpi. The abdomen is relatively long and thin. The proboscis
is short and thick but not so bent as in the type of the genus.

20. Brevirhynchus apicalis, sp. nov.

Head ochreous with a median and two lateral black patches ;
proboscis and palpi black. Thorax deep golden brown scaled with
a pale ochreous border around the sides and front; pleuree brown
with creamy patches of scales; abdomen black, with apical vellow
bands, show ng some faint traces of a median pale line, lateral
median white spots and ochreous venter. Legs brown with nar-
row apical pale bands.

@. Head with flat ochreous scales, a small median dark-
scaled patch in front, then a large and then a small dark-scaled
lateral patch, borders of the eyes ochreous, golden cheetee project-
ing between them, brown ones at the sides; eyes coppery red ;
clypeus brown, palpi long and thin, black, traces of a narrow pale

8 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VoL. IV,

band towards the base; proboscis black ; antennz brown, basal
segment bright ferruginous, with small flat grey and fuscous scales,
base of the second segment ferruginous.

Thorax black, thickly clothed with narrow-curved deep golden
brown to bronzy scales, with a distinct ochreous hordei surround-
ing the sides and front, some paler broader scales and golden
brown cheete over the roots of the wings; scutellum clothed with
flat black and ochraceous scales, mixed together ; border bristles
golden; metanotum chestnut-brown ; pleurze brown with patches
of small flat creamy scales.

Abdomen black, the second to sixth segments with prominent
broad yellow apical bands, expanded in the middle but not con-
tinued quite to the edge of the segments, seventh witha few
pale scales, eighth mostly ochreous scaled ; each segment with a
median lateral pale spot; venter ochreous. Legs brown, hind
femora pale beneath, apex of tibiz with a pale ochreous spot con-
tinued on to the base of the metatarsus, the tibiz with narrow apt-
cal and basal pale yellow bands; fore and mid ungues uniserrate,
hind equal and simple.

Wings with rather short fork-cells ; the first submarginal cell a
little longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base
slightly nearer the apex of the wing, its stem more than half the
length of the cell, stem of the second posterior not quite as long
as the cell ; posterior cross-vein long, twice its own length distant
from the mid. Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob.

Length 8 mm.

Habitat Sylhet, Assam (Lt.-Col. Hall).

Time of capture 26-vi-: 5.

Observations.— Described from a single 9. It is a large and
distinct species easily identified by the apical and basal leg band-
ing, apical abdominal bands and ochreous venter. ‘The length of
the palpi and short thick proboscis agree with Brevirhynchus, but
the head and thoracic scales, although of the same general form, are
not so large as in the other two species. I see no reason however
to separate it from that genus.

21. Stegomyta fasciata, Fabricius.

Syst. Antl., p. 36, 13, 1805.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, 27-vii-o7, 27-viii-o7 (C. Paiva), 28-vii-08
(I. H. Burkill), “ in Museum building,” vii-o8 (T. Bentham), July
and August 07 (mus. colly.); Puri, Orissa coast, 18 and I9-i-09
(Annandale). ‘* Not so common in Calcutta as S. scutellaris”’
(Annandale).

FE, Bengal and Assam.—Chittagong, 21-ix-03 (Lt-Col. Hall).

Madras Presidency,—Madras town, 31-x-08 (R. Hodgart).

Burma.— Rangoon, “‘ in house, biting by day,” 25-ii-08 ; Man-
dalay, 12-111-08 (Annandale).

TQIO. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 9

At sea—On board ship, Bay of Bengal, between mouth of
R. Hooghly and Rangoon, 22 and 23-it-08 (Annandale) ; on board
ship, 10 miles off Coconada on the Madras Coast, 15-iv-08(C. Paiva).
**T found.this species common on board ship all the way from
Calcutta to’Rangoon in February ’’ (Annandale).

22. Stegomyia scutellaris, Wik.
Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., iti, p. 77 (1859).

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, r1-iti-o8 (2), 15 and 23-vil-07, 6-vili-07 (1),
19-ix-07 (6), 3I-vii-07, 5-viii-o7, (Zoological Gardens) 12-vii-08,
2-vili-o7 (Annandale); Purneah, N. Bengal, 5-viii-o7, Bhogaon,
Purneah district, N. Bengal, 7-x-08 (8), 9-x-08 (1) (C. Pazva) ;
Balighai near Puri, Orissa, 23 and 26-x-08 (Annandale). ‘‘ Very
abundant in Calcutta between March and November ”’ (Annandale).

The Himaiayas.—Sukna, 500 feet, base of FE. Himalayas,
Darjiling district, r and 2-vii-o8 (7), “‘only troublesome during
day’ (Annandale); Bhim Tal, 4.500 feet, Kumaon, ‘‘ breeds in
hollow trees in jungle,” ix-06 (Annandale).

Madras.—Madras town, 30-x-08 (7) (R. Hodgart).

Travancore State.—Trivandrum, 14-xi-o8 (2), Maddathorai (w.
base of the Western Ghats), 18-x-08 (Annandale).
. The United Provinces.—Shahjahanpur, ‘‘day biting’’ (G. M.
Giles), one @ named by Giles Culex albopictus, Skiise.

Burma.—Mandalay, IT-iii-o8, “‘ not uncommon in house ’
(Annandale).

Ceylon.—Colombo, Victoria Gardens, 26-iv-08 (C. Patva).

)

23. Culex mimeticus, Noé.

Bull. Soc. Ent. Ttal., xxxi, p. 240, 1899.

The Himalayas.—Theog, 8,000 feet, Simla Hills, 2-v-07 (1 2 )
(Annandale).

Nepal.—Thamaspur, Bengal frontier; 18 and 20-11-08 (Io),
large specimen (mus. collr.).

24. Stegomyia minulissima, sp. nov.

Head black, a white border to eyes and white median spot in
front between them ; palpi black with white apices ; proboscis black.
Thorax deep brown with a small grey-scaied area in front, grey
scales in front of the roots of the wings and three short creamy
lines behind. Abdomen black with narrow white basal bands and
white lateral spots. Legs dark brown with basal white bands ;
mid femora with a marked median white spot and white apex:
hind femora white at base. Very small species.

9. Head clothed with flat black scales, a large median
triangular white-scaled area in front and a pale border to the
eyes ; clypeus dark brown; palpi black with snowy white apices ;

10 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

proboscis black; antennee deep brown, basal segment with white
scales; some golden brown chet project between the eyes.

Thorax black, the greater surface clothed with bronzy brown
longer narrow-curved scales, a small area near the head anda
small wedge-shaped area on each side in front of the wings with
dull white scales, some pale creamy scales which form three indis-
tinct lines behind in some lights; scutellum with flat black scales
with dull violet reflections and some white ones on the lateral lobes ;
pleure brown with flat white-scaled spots. Cheetee brown and
black. Abdomen black with narrow basal white bands and basal
snowy white lateral spots. Legs deep brown; the first pair with
a basal white band to the first tarsal, the mid with a median white
spot on the femora, the apex white and a basal white band to the
metatarsal and first tarsal; the hind with the femora white at the
base, and all the segments with a basal white band except the last;
some large black cheete at the apices of the segments in the hind
legs ; fore and mid ungues uniserrate, hind simple.

Wings with typical large brown Stegomyian scales on the basal
region, dense narrow linear ones on the apical areas of the veins ;
the first submarginal cell longer and narrower than the second
posterior, their bases nearly level. Stem of the first fork-cell
about half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior
about two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein twice
its own length distant from the mid.

Length 2°5 mm.

Habitat Sukna, 500 feet, base of E. Himalayas, Darjiling
district (Annandale).

Time of capture 1-vii-08.

Observations.—Described from 392’s. One of the smallest
Stegomyi@ I have seen. It can easily be told by the thoracic orna-
mentation and the white round spot on the femora of the mid legs.
One specimen was taken in a bungalow.

25. Stegomyta annandalei, sp. nov.

Head black with a large median white patch ; palpi black with
snowy white apices ; proboscis black. ‘Thorax black-brown with a
snowy white patch in front and one over the roots of the wings.

Abdomen jet-black with snowy white basal bands which gradu-
ally swell out laterally. Legs black banded with snowy white, the
hind legs with a band at the base of the metatarsals, first tarsals
and the whole of the third white.

@. Head clothed with flat black scales, with a large median
triangular snowy white patch and a small dull white lateral patch,
some black cheetze in front; palpi black-scaled with broad snowy
white apices: proboscis black; antenne deep brown, basal seg-
ment with dense snowy white scales.

Thorax shiny black, clothed with long bronzy brown narrow-
curved scales, except for a small snowy white patch of similar
scales in front and a patch of flat snowy white scales over the base

1910. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. i

of the wings oneach side; supra-alar cheetze dense, black and long ;
scutellum with the mid lobe clothed with flat black scales, the
lateral lobes with flat white scales ; border bristles black , metano-
tum deep brown; pleura dark with numerous white patches of
scales.

Abdomen black with four snowy white basal bands on the
last four segments, which broaden out laterally, the two preced-
ing segments with basal white lateral spots.

Legs black, the fore and mid with basal white bands on the
metatarsi and first tarsal ; the hind with a basal white band on the
metatarsi and first tarsal segments, the second all dark, the third
nearly all white, the fourth dark ; ungues apparently all simple.

Wings with brown scales ; fork-cells short, the first submargi-
nal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its stem a little
nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior, its
stem about two-thirds the length of the cell ; stem of the second
posterior nearly as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein rather
more than twice its own length distant from the mid.

Length 2°8 mm.

Habitat Sukna, 500 feet, base of EK. Himalayas, Darjiling
district (Annandale).

Time of capture vit-o8.

Observations.—Described from a single perfect @. It resem-
bles Stegomyia minutissima but can at once be told by the banding
of the posterior legs and still more definitely by the flat white
scales forming the lateral thoracic patches. The specimen was
taken in a bungalow.

26. Stegomyta albipes, sp. nov.

Thorax brown, a small silvery white patch in front and a
white-scaled line running down to the base of the wings where
there is a large snowy white patch extending on to the dorsum
and scutellum. Head black, white in the middle; palpi black
with snowy apex; proboscis black. Abdomen black with narrow
basal white bands and large snowy white lateral basal spots.
Legs with broad basal white bands, last two hind tarsi white ; mid
femora and tibie with a median white round spot.

9. Head black, clothed with flat black scales at the sides,
white in the middle; chete black; proboscis and clypeus black ;
palpi black with snowy white apices; antenne dark drown, basal
segment with dense flat snowy white scales.

Thorax dark with narrow-curved deep bronzy brown scales,
snowy white ones forming a broadish line in front and extending
laterally towards the wings before which they spread out into a
large white patch, which passes on to the dorsum; this is composed
of narrow-curved scales above and flat ones below; there is also a
white line of narrow-cu'ved scales on each side just past the roots
of the wings and a few white scales here and there before the
scutellum ; supra-alar cheetee black; scutellum clothed with rather

1 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOESLW ¢

large flat snowy white scales; metanotum black; pleure black
with silvery white puncta.

Abdomen black with narrow basal snowy white bands and
very large basal lateral white spots ; posterior border bristles pale,
short.

Legs black with white bands and spots; the fore femora pale
at the base ventrally, fore tibia with a white median spot; knee
spot white ; white bands to metatarsi and first tarsals ; mid femora
with prominent white median spot (almost a band), a smaller one
basally and a white apex, metatarsi and first tarsal basally white;
hind femora white basally, and on most of the venter, apex white;
tibiee with a white band on the apical half, metatarsi and first two
tarsi basally snowy white, and all the last two tarsi; cheetee black ;
ungues equal and simple.

Wings with dark scales, base pale; first submarginal cell longer
and narrower than the second posterior, its base nearer the base
of the wing, its stem about half the length of the cell; stem of
the second posterior about as long as the cell; posterior cross-
vein rather more than twice its own length distant from the mid.
Halteres with testaceous stem and deep fuscous knob.

Length 3 mm.

Habitat Maddathorai, w. base of W. Ghats, Travancore
(Annandale).

Time of capture 17-xi-08.

Observations.—Desctibed from a perfect @. At once sepa-
rated from any other S/egomyta by the last two hind tarsi being
white and by the thoracic ornamentation, especially by the pre-
alar white patch being composed of narrow-curved scales above,
flat ones below. The femoral and tibial markings are also very
distinctive.

27. Stegomyta assamensis, Theob.
Rec. Ind. Mus., ti, p. 290, 1908.

Travancore.—Pallode, twenty miles N.E. of Trivandrum,
15-x1-08 (Annandale), I small @.

Genus PSEUDOCARROLLIA, gen. nov.

Head clothed with flat scales and upright forked scales, a
border of spindle-shaped scales around the eyes. Palpi of 9
about one-fourth the length of the proboscis. ‘Thorax with nar-
row-curved scales; scutellurn with flat scales. Abdomen with
dense ventral scale tufts on some of the apical segments. Fork-
cells rather short, vein-scales rather thick.

Allied to Carrollia (1jatz) but differs in having the scutellum
with all flat scales and in the absence of narrow-curved scales
forming a median basal area on the head.

The marked ventral abdominal scale tufts resemble those of
Carrollia and Hemagogus.

1910. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 13

28. Pseudocarrollia lophoventralis, sp. nov.

Head black, a white border to eyes, eyes silvery above; pro-
boscis and palpi jet-black; thorax with the front bright silvery
white, also the scutellum, the posterior half of the mesonotum
rich brown; pleuree with silvery white puncta. Abdomen black
with a dull greenish tinge, basal lateral snow-white spots and
basal white ventral bands, and ventral black scale tufts. Legs
banded with white, base and apex of metatarsi white, also base of
the front and hind first tarsal, base and apex of the mid; femora
white at base and with a white apical spot on hind pair.

9. Head black, clothed with flat black scales and a narrow
border of spindle-shaped white ones around the eyes; narrow
black upright forked scales and black cheetz projecting forwards ;
clypeus, palpi, antennee and proboscis all deep black ; eyes silvery
around the edges, black in the centre.

Thorax black, clothed on the front half with dense long nar-
row-curved snowy white scales, not quite extending to the pleurze
on each side, forming more of a large round patch, remainder of
mesonotum with rich bronzy scales except for a few snowy white
ones over the roots of the wings; supra-alar cheetee long and black ;
scutellum black, thickly clothed with snowy white flat scales and
golden border bristles; pleuree rich brown, with six or seven white
spots ; metanotum black.

Abdomen black, with the scales black, showing in some lights
green and peacock-blue reflections, the green mainly at the tips of
the scales; the segments with prominent basal lateral snow-white
spots, six on each side, last segment small, basally white; poster-
ior border bristles pale; venter black with snow-white basal
bands, the fifth to the seventh segments with dense black out-
standing scales, giving a tufted appearance. Legs black with
white bands; front legs with apex of tibize an1 metatarsi white,
and base of first tarsal; mid legs with femora white at the base
ventrally, a small white apical spot, a white spot at the apex of
tibiee, a white band at base and apex of metatarsi, also base and
apex of first tarsal and a trace at the base of the second tarsal ;
in the hind legs the base of the femora are snowy white and there
is a large white apical band and the base and apex of the meta-
tarsi banded white, also base of first tarsal; leg bristles black;
fore and mid ungues uniserrate, hind simple.

Wings with short fork-cells, the first submarginal narrow but
no longer than the second posterior, its stem more than half the
length of the cell; stem of the second posterior also more than
half the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein about twice its own
length distant from the mid, the latter and the supernumerary are
in a straight line; scales brown, rather dense on the branches
of the fork-cells. Halteres with testaceous stems and fuscous
knobs.

Length 5°5 mm.

Habitat Purneah, N. Bengal (C. Patva).

14 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

Time of capture 0-viii-o7, ‘‘ resting on under side of leaf of
licht tree during day”’ (C. Paiva) (1 @ ).

Observations.—Described from a single perfect @. It clearly
comes in a new genus, related to Lutz’s Carrollia. The very
marked thoracic, abdominal and leg ornamentation will at once
separate it from any species coming in the Stegomyian group.
The ventral abdominal tufts are very marked.

29. Huleceteomyta trilineata, Leicester.

The Entomologist, xxxvii, p. 163, 1904.

FE. Himalayas.—Kurseong, 5,000 feet, Darjiling district, 3-vii-
08 (Annandale), 1 7 and 2 9’s.

NotEe.—These answer exactly to Leicester’s carefully described
species, but one @ shows distinct white abdominal basal bands
and also the ~; the second @? is quite typical.

30. Grabhamia pulcripalpis, Rondani.

Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., iv, p. 31, 1872.

Egypt.—On board ship at night, Suez Canal, 9-x-07 (Reg. Nos.
ts and *3$°), 2 2’s (Annandale). Rather small specimens. ]

31. Pseudograbhania maculata, Theobald.

Journ. Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc., xvi, p. 244, £905.
Madras.—Madras town, 30-x-08 (R. Hodgart),1¢.

32. Culex vagans, Wiedemann.

Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., p. 545.

@. Head brown with pale scales; palpi longer than probos-
cis by about the apical segment, which is slightly shorter than the
penultinate, deep brown, the last two segments with bright basal
creamy bands and flaxen brown and brown hair tufts, long on the
inner side of the penultimate segment and a long dark tuft on the
apex of the ante-penultimate, which is swollen, two other broad
pale bands below. Antenne brown with pale internodes and
flaxen brown plume hairs.

Thorax deep, rich brown with small narrow-curved golden
brown scales; scutellum with paler narrow-curved scales, larger
in size, with brown border bristles; metanotum brown. Abdomen
deep brown, almost black, with basal white bands; hairy, hairs
pale brown; basal lobes of genitalia very hairy, claspers broad-
ish, with a large spine on the side near apex giving a bifurcate
appearance and with dense fine hairs all along the outer edge.
Legs deep brown, paler at the base with basal pale bands, ungues
of fore and mid pairs unequal, uniserrate, the mid pair large
(hind ? uniserrate). Wings with rather short fork-cells, the first
longer and narrower than the second which is rather broad, their

1gIo. | F. V. THEOBALD: Repori on Culicide. 15

bases about level, the stems nearly as long as the cells; mid cross-
vein about twice as long as the supernumerary and in a straight
line with it; posterior cross-vein about the same length as the
mid, about its own length distant from it.

Length 5°2mm.

Habitat Madras town (R. Hodgart).

Time of capture 31-x-08.

NotE —-This is the only @ of this species I have seen, so I
have redescribed it.

33. Culex impellens, Wik. (°).
Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., iv, 9I.

Localites and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, 31-i-o8, 5 and 7-i1i-07, 3-vi-08, 12-vit-08,
2i-vii-o8, 27 and 28-vii-o8, 30-vii-o7, 3I-vii-o8, 2—6-viii-07,
10-viii-08 , 13 and 14-viii-o8, ‘‘in bungalow ’’ (Annandale), 18-vii1-08,,
22-vili-o8, ‘‘in bathroom’’ (Annandale), 19-ix-07, 26-ix-08; Balli-
ganj, near Calcutta, 20-vi-o8 (3) (T. Bentham); Port Canning,
Lower Bengal, 19-x-08 (Annandale); Rajmahal, 31-vii-07 (2)
(R. Hodgart); Purneah, N. Bengal, 6-viii-o7, Bhogaon, Purneah dis-
trict, N. Bengal, 3-x-08 (2), 6-x-08 (1) (C. Paiva) ; Bettiah, Cham-
paran, 7-iii-o8 (R. Hodgart); Balighai near Puri, Orissa, 25-x-08
(3), 26-x-o8 (8), 24-x-08 (2), ‘‘in house, bites occasionally by
day,” 23-x-08 (6), ‘‘in house, comes to light” (Annandale).

E. Bengal and Assam.—Chittagong, E. Bengal, 26-vii-08
(Lt.-Col. Hall).

The Himalayas.—Sukna, 500 feet, base of FE. Himalayas,
Darjiling district, I and 2-vii-08 (5), ‘‘ in deep jungle, biting by
day’’ (Annandale).

Nepal.—Thamaspur, Bengal frontier, 1o—r14-ii-o8, Sukwani,
Bengal frontier, 15 and 16-ii-o8 (Butchu, mus. collr.).

Burma.—Moulmein, L. Burma, 27-ii-08, ‘‘ abundant in house,”
Rangoon, 24 and 25-ii-o8, Mandalay, 11 and 12-iii-o8 (Annandale).

The United Provinces.—Lucknow, 21-iv-07 (1) (Annandale).

Travancore and Cochin States.—Shencottah, Madras frontier
(e. side of W. Ghats) (4); Pallode, twenty miles N.E. of Trivan-
drum; Shasthancottah, twelve miles N.N.E. of Quilon; Trivan-
drum; Nedumangad, ten miles N.E. of Trivandrum (2); Vaikum
(coastal region); Kulattupuzha (w. base of W. Ghats); Tenmalai,
W. Ghats (w. side); Ernakulam, Cochin State. All collected by
Dr. Annandale between 4 and 25-xi-08.

At sea.—At light on board ship five miles off Aleppey,
Travancore, 4-v-08 (2) (C. Paiva).

34. Culex pettigrewit, sp. nov.

Head brown with pale scales; palpi brown, pale-scaled apices ;
proboscis pale except for a small dark band at the apex and base ;
thorax rich brown, ornamented with a paler curved line on each

16 Records of the Indian: Museum. [VoL.; IV;

side, another short one over the roots of the wings and two indis-
tinct median pale lines in front, each with a central dark line.
Abdomen deep brown, with basal grey bands, two grey median
spots to the segments, almost joining on to the bands, sixth to
eighth segments with many scattered ochreous scales; venter
bright ochreous with scattered pale scales. Legs dark, minutely
banded, apically and basally on the tarsi, the femora and tibiz
with a pale creamy ventral line. Wangs with the subcostal vein
pale-scaled.

@. Head dark, clothed with rather large narrow-curved
creamy scales and flat creamy lateral ones and dark chete in
front; upright forked scales dark, a few pale ones in front; cly-
peus brown with grey sheen; palpi brown with creamy scales at
the apex and some nearer the base; proboscis dark at base and
apex, the median creamy area with some scattered dark scales;
antennee dark brown, base of the second segment bright testa-
ceous. Thorax dark brown clothed with rich brown narrow-curved
scales; a pale-scaled twice curved line on each side and a pale-
scaled short line on each side in front and over the roots of the
wings; in middle (in front) are traces of two parallel narrow dark
lines with somewhat paler scales on each side; supra and pre-
alar cheetee brown with pale apices, the supra-alar long and darker
than the others; scutellum pale brown with narrow-curved pale
scales and long brown posterior border bristles; the scales at the
back of the mesonotum are similar in colour to those of the scutel-
lum; metanotum bright brown; pleuree brown with patches of
pale scales.

Abdomen with the basal segment ochreous with pale scales,
the second to fifth segments dark with grey basal bands which
spread out in the middle and with two ochreous spots nearly touch-
ing them, most pronounced on the fourth and fifth segments, the
sixth with many ochreous scales dotted over the dark area, the
seventh and eighth almost entirely ochreous; posterior border
bristles thin and pale golden; venter bright ochreous-yellow with
pale scales, a few dusky ones in the mid region.

Legs rather long, dark, femora and tibiz pale below, those of
the fore and mid legs with a pale-scaled line in addition; faint
traces of very narrow apical and basal pale banding to the hind
tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi, scarcely perceptible on the fore and
mid legs; bases of the legs pallid; femora and tibize slightly spinose,
pallid; ungues equal and simple.

Wings with brown scales, a few creamy ones at the base of
the costa and on all the subcostal vein and a few pale scales on the
first long vein; first submarginal cell much longer and narrower
than the second posterior cell, its base much nearer the base of the
wing, its stem about one-third the length of the cell, stem of the
second posterior nearly as long as the cell, posterior cross-vein not
quite its own length distant from the mid cross-vein.

Halteres ochreous with some fuscous scales on the knob.

Length 6 mm.

IQIO. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. Y7

Habitat Ukhrul, Manipur, 6,400 feet, lat. 25° N., long. 94—
95° E. (Rev. W. P. Pettigrew).

Time of capture viii-08.

Observations.—Described from a perfect ungorged 2. Three
other °’s were fully gorged and black. The marked character of
this species is the pale-scaled subcostal vein. The pale scales also
occur here and there on the upper surface of the first long vein.
The abdomen in the type is very marked but in two of the others,
which are somewhat rubbed, the spots on the segments are not so
distinguishable.

35. Culex fuscocephala, Theobald.
Mono. Culcid., iv, p. 420, 1907.

Travancore.—Pallode, twenty miles N.E. of Trivandrum,
15-xt-08 (Annandale), 1°.

36. Culex fatigans, Wiedemann.
Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., p. 10, 1828.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, 7, 13 and 22-i-08, 31-i-08, 1-11-07, 17-11-08,
13-iii-07 (3), 29-iii-o8, 4-iv-o8, 1-v-08 (6), 21-vi-o8, 21, 27 and
28-vii-07 (4), 3—7-viii-o7, 25-iii and 22-vii-o8, ‘‘common in
Museum premises’’ (Annandale), Balliganj, near Calcutta, 5 and
6-ii-08 (12) (J. B. Richardson); Rajmahal, 31-viii-o7(3) (R. Hod-
gart); Bettiah, Champaran, 4-iii-08 (27), 5-iii-o8 (8) (R. Hodgart) ;
Puri, Orissa coast, 18 and 19-i-08 (7), 20 and 21-i-08 (1) (Avnan-
dale), 2-iii-o8 (2) (C. Paiva); Balighai near Puri, Orissa, 25-x-08
(Annandale).

E. Bengal and Assam.—Rajshahi, 1—6-ii-07 (Annandale) ;
Ukhrul, Manipur, 6,400 ft., lat. 25° N., long. 94—95° E., viii-o8
(Rev. W. Pettigrew).

The Himalayas.—Naini Tal, Kumaon, 6—7,000 feet, 1908
(R. E. Lloyd); Dharampur, 5,000 feet, Simla hills, 13 and 14-v-08
(Annandale); Kurseong, 5,000 feet, E, Himalayas, Darjiling dis-
trict, 3—5-vii-o8, Sukna, 500 feet, base of E. Himalayas, Darjiling
district, I-vil-o8 (Annanda/e).

Nepa!.—Thamaspur, Bengal frontier, 18—20-ii-08 (2), Daha-
wangahary Hill, near Bengal frontier, 16-ii-o8 (Butchu, collr.) ;
Khatmandu (two @’s), Oct. 1906 (kk. Hodgart).

Burma.—Mandalay, 6-iii-o8, 11, 12, 13 and 17-11-08 (Amnan-
dale), Rangoon, 1-i-05 (3), 3-i-05, 23-ii-05 (8) (Brunettr), 24-11-08 (3),
25-11-08 (3), 15-iii-o8, in house (Annandale); base of Dawna hills,
4-iii-o8, Moulmein, 27-i-08 (11), 7-it08, 27-it08 (2), 28-11-08,
6-ii1-08 (4), I2-1ii-08 (2) (Annandale).

Travancore State.—Tenmalai (w. side of W. Ghats), 22-xi-o8
(Annandale).

The United Provinces.—Lucknow, 21 and 27-i-08 (2), 5-ii-08
(R. Hodgart), 21-iv-o7 (4) (Annandale), 7-viii-o7 (Brunettt) ; Agra,

18 Records of the Indian Museum. [MOL SLVs

4-iv-05 (Brunettr) ; Dhikala, Naini Tal district, 22-iv-08 (4), 26-iv-08
(5), Chuharwala, Naini Tal district, 15-iv-o8 (3), Patair Naini
Tal district, 27-iv-08 (3) (Hodgart).
The Punjab (plains)—tWahore, 8-v-08 (11) (Annandale) .
Ferozepore (Lt.-Col. Adie).
At sea—Bay of Bengal, on ship between mouth of R.
Hooghly and Rangoon, 22 and 23-i1-08 (Annandale).
Java.—Soerabaya, 16—25-vii-06 (Bruneitt).
Philippines.—Manilla, Io—16-11i-06 (Bruneitt).

37. Culex parascelos, sp. nov.

Thorax golden brown, and with three paler median parallel
lines, the areas between them darker than the sides; head, palpi
and proboscis bright ochreous, apex of the latter black. Abdomen
entirely clothed with ochreous scales. Legs ochreous-brown above,
pale ochreous below with dark and ochreous linear ornamentation.
Wings with ochreous and brown scales on the veins near costa ;
fork-cells short ; ungues large, all uniserrate.

@. Head brown with smal! narrow-curved pale golden scales,
ochreous upright forked scales, somewhat darker behind;
ochreous cheetze ; clypeus and palpi bright ochreous, almost golden
yellow, the latter with prominent black cheetee; proboscis the
same colour, dark at the apex, with black chete. Antenne
brown, ochreous at base. Thorax deep brown, clothed with
scanty small narrow-curved pale golden and rich golden brown
scales, the former making two prominent lateral median lines and
an indistinct median one; chetz bright golden brown; scutellum
brown with narrow-curved pale golden scales and golden brown
chetee; metanotum brown; pleure brown with patches of
flat ochraceous scales. Abdomen dark, densely clothed with
bright ochreous-yellow scales and pale border bristles; venter
pale ochreous.

Legs ochreous with dusky scales above, femora pale below; a
marked yellow and black line showing on the femora and tibia ;
ungues dark, all equal and uniserrate, rather thick.

Wings tinged with yellow, some pale scales on the costa and
sub-costal, remainder dark, except for a few creamy ones on the
base of the first long vein; first submarginal cell much longer and
narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer
the base of the wing, its stem about two-and-a-half times the
length of the cell; stem of the broad second posterior as long as
the cell; posterior cross-vein about the same length as the mid,
not its own length distant from it.

Length 5°5 mm.

Habitat Madras town (R. Hodgart).

Time of capture 30-x-08.

Observations.—Described from two @’s. A very marked
species easily told by the thoracic ornamentation, ochreous-scaled
abdomen and lined legs.

1910. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 19

38. Culex longifurcatus, sp. nov.

Thorax uniformly fuscous and smoky; head much the same
colour but with some paler scales ; palpi, proboscis and antennze
smoky brown; abdomen deep brown, with basal pale bands
spreading out in the middle to form median patches; legs uni-
formly smoky brown; wings rather long and narrow, fork-cells
long, the veins and scales very thin. Male palpi thin, no hair tufts.

Q. Head dark, clothed with dull creamy narrow-curved
scales, small flat creamy lateral ones, numerous dark upright
forked scales, some paler ones in front; palpi, clypeus, proboscis
and antennee brown.

Thorax dark brown with fuscous-brown scanty narrow-curved
scales and brown cheetee; scutellum brown with similar narrow-
curved scales; metanotum brown and testaceous; pleure dark
brown and grey. Abdomen deep brown, with basal, almost white
bands which are enlarged in the middle forming more or less pro-
nounced spots: border bristles pallid; venter all grey-scaled.
Legs long and thin, uniformly brown, except the venter of the
femora which is completely creamy white; ungues equal and sim-
ple. Wings large and long; fork-cells long; first submarginal cell
longer and narrower than the second posterior, their bases nearly
level, its stem about one-third the length of the cell: stem of the
second posterior less than one-third the length of the cell ; posterior
cross-vein longer than the mid about one-and-a-half times its own
length distant from it; lateral vein scales on the apical areas of
the veins long and thin.

Length 5 mm.

@. Palpilong and thin, dark brown, acuminate, no hair tufts,
a few dark hairs and chetee; apex of proboscis swollen. Wings
with relatively long fork-cells ; first submarginal cell narrower and
longer than the second posterior, its stem less than one-third the
length of the cell; stem of the second posterior rather more than
half the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein nearly twice its own
length distant from the mid. Fore and mid ungues unequal, both
uniserrate, the larger with a large tooth, hind equal and simple.

Length 4 to 4°45 mm.

Habitat Dahawangahary Hill, near Bengal frontier, Nepal
(Butchu, mus. collr.).

Time of capture 16-ii-08.

Observations.—Described from two ?’s and one ~. A very
marked Culex with obscure ornamentation, easily told by the long
fork-cells, very thin veins and large wings and long legs. ‘The
male genitalia seem very marked but there is not enough material
to dissect them.

39. Culex tigripes, Grandpré.

Additional Localities and Dates.
The Himalayas.—Kurseong, 5,000 feet, E. Himalayas, Dar-
jiling district, 4-viii-o8 (Annandale).
Burma.—Mandalay , 11-iii-o8 (Annandale).

20 Records of the Indian Museum. [Von. IV,

40. Culex concolor, Desvoidy.
Mem. Soc. @ Hist. Nat. de Paris, iv, 405.

Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta (Museum compound), 7-iii-o7, 4-vii-o7,
5-Vit-07 (6), 15-vii-07, 23-vii-07, 31-vii-o7, 3, 4 and 5-viii-o7 (Annan-
dale), also in June, September, October and November (Annandale)
(Zoological Gardens), 12-vii-o8 (2) and 26-vii-o8 (6) (Annandale) ;
Balliganj near Calcutta (T. Bentham); Port Canning, Lower
Bengal, December; Purneah, N. Bengal, 4—6-viii-o7 (C. Paiva)
Damukdia Ghat, R. Ganges, July.

Assam.—Sylhet, February, April, May, December (Lt.-Col.
Hall); Manipur, August (C. A. Gourlay).

Travancore State—Kulattupuzha (w. base of W. Ghats),
19-x1-08, “in bungalow” (Annandale).

’

.
,

41. Leucomyia gelida, Theob.
Mono. Cultcid., ii, p. 21, IgoT.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta (Museum premises), 3—4-vili-07, 5-Vviil,
7-vili and 9-viii-o7 (Annandale); Bhogaon, Purneah district, N.
Bengal, 30-ix-08 (5), I-x-08 (2), 3-x-08(2), 7-x-08 (C. Pavva).

FE. Bengal.—Rajshahi, 1—6-i1-07 (.4unandale).

Burma.—Rangoon, 25-11-08 (Annandale).

Madras Presidency.—Madras town, 30-x-08 (2), 31-x-08 (1)
(Hodgart).

Travancore and Cochin States —Kulattupuzha (w. base of W.
Ghats); 19-xi-o8, coastal region, 5-xi-o8; Ernakulam, 4-xi-08
(Annandale).

42. Leucomvia gelida, var. cuneata, Theob.
Mono. Culicid., ii, p. 22, 1901.

Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Balighai near Puri, Orissa, 23-x-08, “‘at light”’
(Annandale).

Travancore State-—Vaikum, coastal region, 5-xi-08; Kulattu-
puzha (w. base of W. Ghats), 19-xi-08 (Annandale).

43. Leucomyta sinensis, Theob.

Syn. L. gelida var. sinensis, Theob.

Mono. Culicid., iti, p. 180, 1903.
Bengal.—Balighai near Puri, Orissa, 23-x-08, “‘at light in
house, becoming active after dark’ (Annandale).

1910. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 21

44. Culicada suknaénsis, sp. nov.

Thorax ornamented with rich brown and dull golden yellow
scales, the latter forming a curved line on each side in front and
two rather indistinct median lines in front, the rich brown showing
up as four obscure spots. Head dull golden yellow with two dark
spots. Abdomen deep brown with basal creamy bands and large
basal creamy lateral spots. Legs brown, pale at the base, with
narrow basal yellow bands. Wings with a brownish yellow tinge.

9. Head dark brown, with small narrow-curved golden scales
in the middle, dark upright forked scales behind, rich ochreous
ones in front, a patch of dark flat scales at the sides bordered
along the eyes with pale creamy scales and flat creamy ones placed
still more laterally, the pale scales bordering the eyes are small
narrow-curved ones; cheetee between the eyes bright golden brown,
followed by some darker ones at the sides; clypeus, palpi and pro-
boscis deep brown; antenne brown, basal segment bright golden
yellow, with some small pale flat scales, base of second segment
pale testaceous.

Thorax deep rich brown, clothed with golden yellow and rich
brown curved scales, the former as two obscure curved lateral lines
and two broad median ones (the latter almost in one) and scattered
irregularly over the posterior portion; a few paler ones in front of
the roots of the wings and some short pale golden and brown chete ;
supra-alar chetee brown; scutellum brown with small narrow-
curved pale scales; metanotum almost black; pleuree deep brown,
with patches of pale flat scales and tufts of golden brown cheetze.

Abdomen deep brown, with basal yellow curved bands, and
yellow prominent lateral spots; posterior border bristles pale
golden; venter mostly clothed with large flat yellowish scales,
almost white towards the base. Legs brown, femora pale ven-
trally, metatarsi and all the tarsi with narrow pale yellow bands,
pale knee spots, femora and tibize spinose, spines dusky and golden ;
ungues all equal and uniserrate.

Wings with short fork-cells; the first submarginal longer and
narrower than the second posterior, its stem about two-thirds the
length of the cell; its base nearly level with that of the second
posterior cell; stem of the latter as long as the cell; posterior
cross-vein longer than the mid, nearly twice its own length distant
from it; the base of the subcostal and first long vein prominently
densely scaled with black scales. Walteres with ochreous stems,
fuscous knobs with pale creamy apical scales.

Lengih 4to 5 mm.

Habitat Sukna, 500 feet, Darjiling district, E. Himalayas
(Annandale).

Time of capture 1 and 2-vii-08.

Observations.—Described from four perfect @’s. It comes
near Culicada mpponit, Theobald, but can be told by the absence
of pale apical abdominal scales and median grey scales and dark
flat-scaled lateral cephalic patches. The abdomen in all four is

22 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voryive

thick and short, but this may be due to ingested blood. The
ornamentation of the thorax varies in different lights. The dark
thick-scaled area at the base of the wing is very characteristic.
The specimens were taken in dense jungle and bit during the day.

45. Mansontoides annulifera; Theob.
Mono, Culicid., ii, p. 183, Igor.
N. Bengal.—Bhogaon, Purneah district, 7-x-08 (9) (C. Patva).

46. Mansonia unttformis, Theob.

Mono. Culicid., ii, p. 180, Igot.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, 2-vii-o7 (mus. colly.); Bhogaon, Purneah
district, N. Bengal, 30-ix-08 (2), 1-x-08; Katihar, Purneah district,
N. Bengal, 4—5-x-08 (4) (C. Paiva); Balighai near Puri, Orissa,
23-x-08 (3) (Annandale).

Burma.—Rangoon, 25-11-08 (Annandale).

Travancore and Cochin States.—Maddathorai (w. base of W.
Ghats), I9-xi-08; Kulattupuzha (w. base of W. Ghats), 19-xi-08 ;
Ernakulam, Cochin State, 4-xi-08 (8), ‘‘ very common in bungalow”’
(Annandale).

47. LTeaniorhynchus ager, Giles.

The Entomologist, p. 196, July root.

Additional Localities and Dates.

Bengal.—Calcutta, 2-ii-o8 (Annandale); Balighai near Puri,
Orissa, 26-x-08 (2) (Annandale).

Burma.—Mandalay, 12-11-08 (Annandale).

Travancore State-—Pallode, twenty miles N. E. of Trivan-
drum, 14-xio8; Kerumadi, s. end of Vimbanad Lake, 6-xi-o8
(Annandale).

48. Teamniorhynchus tenax, Theob.

Mono. Culicid., ii, p. 198, Igor.
Bengal.—Balighai near Puri, Orissa, 23-x-08, one @ “‘at
light’’ (Annandale). Rather smaller than the type.

49. Teniorhynchus epidesmus, sp. nov.

Thorax brown, mottled with creamy scales and some grey
ones in front of the roots of the wings ; proboscis pale with a nar-
row black base and broader black apex. Abdomen black with
very narrow golden ochraceous basal bands and very broad apical
ones, a dark lateral line on each side of the segments, most pro-
nounced on the apical ones, the penultimate all golden ochreous,
the apical with two deep black spots. Legs ochreous brown with
apical and basal pale banding on the darker tarsi. Wings with a

IgIo. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 23

yellowish tinge, brownish scales and a pale spot towards the tip
on the costa.

?. Head brown, clothed with pale creamy and ochreous nar-
row-curved scales and broadly expanded black upright forked
scales, paler in the middle of the head, chetze brown and pale
ochreous; clypeus ochreous; palpi black-scaled with some
ochreous scales and creamy scaled apices; proboscis with a very
broad ochreous pale band, base and apex black; antenne brown
towards the apices, testaceous towards the base.

Thorax deep brown, clothed with creamy and brown narrow-
curved scales, some paler before the roots of the wings, giving
it a mot'led appearance; some short thick black chet just be-
fore the roots of the wings, long brown and ochreous ones over
the roots and behind them; scutellum brown, with small narrow
pale scales and golden brown long border bristles; metanotum
pale ochreous with a grey sheen; pleure brown and ochreous
with patches of flat pale scales and golden hairs.

Abdomen brown with violet reflections, basal segment golden
ochreous with two small dark patches of scales; the remaining
segments with natrow basal and very broad apical bright golden
ochreous bands, except the last segment which has two promi-
nent black spots; the other segments have more or less marked
thin black lateral lines, except on the last two or three apical seg-
ments where there are pale creamy lateral spots; venter ochreous-
vellow. Legs ochreous with scattered dark scales, prominent at
the apices of the femora and tibice and on their upper surfaces;
tarsi slightly darker with apical and basal pale bands except on
the last tarsal; ungues equal and simple.

Wings with brown scales, a pale ochreous spot towards the tip
on the costa and first long vein; the first submarginal cell longer
and narrower than the second posterior, its base slightly nearer
the base of the wing, its stem nearly one-fourth the length of the
cell; stem of the second posterior not quite half the length of the
cell; posterior cross-vein about twice its own length distant from
the mid. MHalteres pale ochreous, with some small flat pale
ochreous scales on the knob.

Length 5°5 mm.

Habitat Bhogaon, Purneah district, N. Bengal (C. Patva).

Time of capture 2-x-o8.

Observations.—Described from a single perfect female. The
very bright and marked abdominal banding will at once separate
this from other Teniorhynchi, together with the marbled thorax

50. Teniorhynchus lutcoabdominalts, sp. nov.

Thorax brown, marbled with bright yellowish brown and grey
scales on the front two-thirds, the rest bright brown-scaled, the
pale scales most prominent on the posterior edge of the brown and
pale-scaled area, also traces of a dark curved lateral line on each
side before the wings. Head yellowish brown, slightly darkened

24 Records of the Indian Museun. [Vor. IV,

at the sides, pale around the eyes; proboscis with a broad pale
band, slightly darkened at the base and apex. Abdomen entirely
clothed with golden ochreous scales. Legs unbanded, ochreous
with slightly darkened tarsi. Wings with yellowish brown scales,
the apex paler above. ’

?. Head brown, clothed with narrow-curved pale scales,
especially around the eye border, bright ochreous upright forked
scales in the middle, darker ones at the sides ; small flat pale lat-
eral scales; clypeus brown; palpi clothed with brown scales, a few
pale ones dotted about and many at the apex; proboscis with a
broad pale band, the dark base and apex with a few scattered pale
scales; antenne brown, basal half gradually becoming bright
testaceous. Thorax brown, the front two-thirds mainly clothed
with very pale grey narrow-curved scales, particularly prominent
on the posterior border of this region, two ochreous-brown-scaled
spots in front amongst the pale scales and a somewhat nude dark
curved line on each side in front of the roots of the wings, the
hinder region of the mesothorax with mostly golden brown narrow-
curved scales, but some pale ones arranged in lines; two promi-
nent lines of rich golden brown cheetze behind and similar coloured
cheetee over the roots of the wings; scutellum pale ochreous with
small narrow-curved pale scales and nine bright golden brown
posterior border bristles to the mid lobe; metanotum brown;
pleuree brown and bright ochreous with some patches of small dull
creamy flat scales.

Abdomen clothed with bright golden ochreous scales, the
second, third and fourth segments with a band towards their bases
of similar coloured scales, darker at their apices, not forming dis-
tinct bands, last segment with two median lateral dark spots;
venter all golden ochraceous, also the whole of the first segment
which has many pale golden thin hairs; posterior border bristles
pale golden.

Legs uniformly ochreous but with some dark scattered scales
on the femora, with very pale reflections, no trace of banding ;
ungues equal and simple.

Wings with yellowish brown scales, the outer part of the apex
slightly pale-scaled ; first submarginal cell longer and narrower than
the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its
stem not quite half the length of the cell, stem of the second pos-
terior nearly two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein
about twice its own length distant from the mid; halteres very
pale ochreous, almost creamy white.

Length 5°8 mm.

Habitat Katihar, Purneah district, N. Bengal (C. Patva).

Time of capture 4 or 5-x-08.

Observations.—Described from a single perfect @. It comes
very near Tentorhynchus epidesmus, described previously, but the
total absence of leg banding, the more marked thoracic ornamenta-
tion and more marked pale wing spot separate it probably from
that species. If it is the same it is a most marked variety.

1910. ] F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide

No
On

51. Chrysoconops pygmeus, Theobald. Pls. i and iii, wing and
wing scales.

Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 300, 1908, @.

@”. Head ochreous-brown with small narrow-curved golden
scales and rich golden brown upright forked scales and golden
cheetze; palpi and proboscis black, the apical segment a little
more than half the length of the penultimate, bluntly acuminate.
long dark hairs on the last two segments. Antenne brown with
white internodes and dark brown plume hairs. Thorax shiny
bright brown with narrow-curved golden scales and golden cheetze.
Abdomen ochreous when pointed from the light, dark when to the
light, of violet hue, the latter showing only on the apical borders
in some lights. Genitalia with the claspers curved on themselves,
broader and flat apically with a short, thick subapical dark spine.
Legs uniformly dark brown with ochreous reflections, pale at their
bases; fore ungues unequal, the larger with a small lateral basal
tooth and a very large one near the middle, the smaller simple ;
mid ungues unequal, the smaller simple, the larger with a large
basal tooth and a narrower and more basal central one; hind
ungues equal and simple. Wings with short fork-cells, the first
longer and narrower than the second, its base nearer the apex of
the wing, its stem as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior
as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein as long as the mid, about
twice its own length distant from it.

Length 5 mm.

Habitat Purneah, N. Bengal (C. Paiva); Rajmahal, Bengal
(R. Hodgart) ; and Calcutta (Annandale).

Time of capture 6-viii-o7 31-vii-07, 17-vii-07.

Observatsons.—The 2 was described in the first report. One
@ has been retained as a co-type for the British Museum collection.

Dr. Annandale says the eyes of the male are iridescent
green in life.

52. Lophoceratomyta bicornuta, sp. nov.

Head of male very similar to L. fraudatrix but the antennal
organs quite distinct. Thorax rich brown. Abdomen dark brown
unbanded, ochreous ventrally. Tegs brown unbanded, base of
femora paler. Two prominent lateral horn-like processes on the
basal segments of the antenne.

». Head similar to that of L. fraudatrix. Palpi brown, a
little longer than the proboscis, bluntly acuminate, the apical seg-
ment slightly longer than the penultimate, the whole palpi with
short, scanty hairs; no trace of the basal process seen in /raudatrix.

Antenne plumose, plume hairs brown, internodes pale, basal
segment with a large horn-like process on the inner side as in
brevipalpus, with a series of fine hairs on the upper side; antennal
organs on four segments.

Thorax rich brown, showing two median parallel brighter
brown broad lines; covered scantily with very small curved

26 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoOL.nVs

brown to bronzy scales; brown to deep brown chetz; scutellum
paler with similar scales and four black border bristles to the mid
lobe; metanotum brown. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, pale
hairs; venter ochreous brown. Legs brown, unbanded, fore and
mid ungues unequal, the former uniserrate, the mid simple; hind
small, equal and simple.

Wings with rather short fork-cells, the first submarginal
longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base very little
nearer the apex of the wing than that of the latter, its stem
slightly longer than the cell, stem of the second posterior cell
longer than the cell; mid cross-vein longer than the supernumerary,
the posterior longer than the mid, not quite twice its own length
distant from it.

Length 4°5 mm.

Habitat Dawna Hills (base) near Kawkareik, Lower Burma.

Time of capture 4-iii-o8 (Annandale).

Observations.—Described from a single dissected ~. Closely
related to L. fraudatrix, Theobald, but differs in the antennal
organs, the absence of the accessory process at the base of the palpi
and in wing venation.

53. Radioculex clavipalpus, Theobald. (Pls. 1 and ii, wing and
head.)

Rec. Ind. Mus., iti, p. 295, 1908.

Additional Localities and Dates.
Bengal.—Katihar, Purneah district, N. Bengal, 4—5-x-08
(C. Patva).
Burma.—Rangoon, 25-i1-08 (Annandale).
Travancore State-—Vaikum, coastal region, 5-xi-o8 (Annan-
dale).
54. Uvanotenia testacea, Theobald.

Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Hung., iii, p. 113, 1905.

Burma.—Base of Dawna Hills, 4-iii-08 (2 2s), “‘ in thick but
dry jungle”’ (Annandale).

55. Adeomyia squammipenna, Arribalzaga.

El, Nat Ageyei 15, 3, 1078:

Burma.—Base of Dawna Hills, L. Burma, 2-11-08, “‘in bunga-
low at light ” (Annandale).

At sea.—At light on board ship four miles off Tuticorin, S.
India, 25-v-08 (C. Paiva).

Genus PSEUDOGRAHAMIA, gen. nov

Head clothed with flat scales; proboscis more than half the
length of the body, curved upwards, slightly swollen at the apex;
palpi of the @ very small and densely scaly.

1910. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 27

Thorax densely clothed with large narrow-curved scales,
closely appressed and with a median line of flat metallic scales,
and a patch of flat scales on each side in front; scutellum clothed
with flat scales, large and rounded apically; metanotum appar-
ently nude.

Apex of hind tibiz and base of metatarsi with rather dense
short outstanding scales. First fork-cell slightly expanded basally
and the veins densely scaled apically, considerably larger than the
second posterior cell.

A very marked genus coming near Grahamia, Theobald, but at
once distinguished from it by the more normal form of proboscis,

56. Pseudograhamia aureoventer, sp. nov.

Head black, with a central silvery white spot; proboscis and
antenne deep brown; palpi pale creamy, very small. Thorax
black with a broad silvery white line in front, silvery white pro-
thoracic lobes and a creamy patch in front at the sides. Abdomen
black with large basal triangular creamy lateral patches which
extend upwards almost to form narrow dorsal bands; venter pale
dull golden. T,egs deep black.

@. Head covered with flat closely appressed blackish brown
scales with a large median triangular silvery white area with two
long black straight cheete projecting forwards between the eves, a
few small black ones curved inwards on each side and a large black
one laterally, along the ocellar rim; proboscis deep black, curved
upwards, slightly swollen apically; palpi very small, densely
clothed with creamy scales; antennee deep brown; clypeus bright
rich brown.

Thorax deep rich brown, densely clothed with long narrow-
curved closely appressed deep blackish brown scales, a- median line
in front of flat scales, semi-transparent, with white and pale
mauve and silvery reflections, a large area of flat dull creamy to
ochreous scales on each side in front reaching up to the base of
the wings; prothoracic lobes with flat silvery white scales with
pale blue reflections in certain lights; scutellum clothed with large
flat silvery white scales, some appearing dusky on the lateral
lobes; metanotum deep brown; pleuree brown with flat creamy
scales.

Abdomen flattened laterally with large basal silvery white
lateral patches, extending upwards to the dorsum as narrow areas ;
base and venter of the abdomen pale dull golden, with metallic
sheen.

Legs deep blackish brown; coxe pale ochreous with white
scales; femora pale ochreous below; tibiae with the scales ex-
panded apically and with some incurved cheetze ; base of metatarsi
with the scales slightly projecting, particularly on the hind legs;
ungues equal and simple.

Wings with moderately long fork-cells; the first submarginal
much longer and about the same width as the second fork-cell, its

28 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOnrsLyE

base much nearer the base of the wings than that of the latter, its
stem half the length of the cell; the cell somewhat expanded
basally and each branch densely scaled apically, stem of the second
fork-cell longer than the cell; supernumerary cross-vein longer
than the mid, the mid the same length as the posterior; the latter
about its own length distant from the mid.

Halteres with long stem, base ochreous, apex and knob
fuscous.

Length 4°8 mm.

Halttat Pallode, twenty miles N.E. of Trivandrum, Travan-
core (Annandale).

Time of capture 16-xi-o8.

Observations.—Described from a single @. A very marked and
beautiful species which cannot be confused with any other Culicid.

Genus SQUAMOMYVIA, gen. nov.

Head clothed with flat scales and upright forked ones behind;
clypeus densely scaled, scales long and broad; antenne of male
plumose; palpi small and thin, proboscis long and thin, not as
long as the body.

Thorax with spindle-shaped scales, small flat ones at the sides
in front; broad spindle-shaped ones on the prothoracic lobes,
densely covering them; scutellum with flat scales. Wings of male
with short fork-cells. Abdomen clothed with very large flat scales,
somewhat loosely applied.

This forms a very distinct genus easily told by the densely
scaled clypeus. The male genitalia also seem very marked, but
have not been dissected.

A male only occurs in the collection.

57. Squamomyra tnornata, sp. nov.

Head deep brown, a pale border around the eyes; clypeus
prominently pale-scaled ; palpi, proboscis and antenne deep brown.
Thorax deep brown, grey in front and at the sides in front, pleure
white. Abdomen deep blackish brown above, white below and at
the sides. Legs deep brown.

@. Head clothed with flat brown scales with violet reflections,
a border of flat white ones around the eyes, spreading out laterally ,
dull ochreous-brown upright forked scales behind; two bright
golden chetze projecting between the eyes in front, and a few
short dark ones at the sides; clypeus ochreous with long white
scales, especially dense in front; proboscis thin, black, not as long
as the whole body, curved downwards; palpi ochreous, dark-
scaled above, thin, very short; antenne very pale brown, with
dark plume hairs; basal segment bright ochreous except on the
inner side where they are dark.

Thorax black with bronzy brown spindle-shaped scales, white
in front near the head and small flat white scales on each side in

IQI0. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 29

front, prothoracic lobes densely clothed with white spitridle-shaped
scales; scutellum brown with brown flat scales, those at the sides
with pale ochreous reflections; pleurze black with flat white scales.

Abdomen narrow, clothed with deep blackish brown scales
with violet reflections and with white scales laterally and
ventrally. .

Legs deep brown with violet reflections, unbanded, coxe pale
with white scales; venter of femora white; fore and mid ungues
unequal; simple; hind equal and simple.

Wings with short fork-cells: the first very little longer, but
narrower than the second, its base nearer the apex of the wing,
its stem more than two-thirds the length of the cell, stem of the
second posterior two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-
vein as long as the mid and more than its own length distant
from it.

Length 5 mm.

Habitat w. slopes of Dawna Hills, L. Butma, 2,000—3,000
feet (Annandale).

Time of capture 2 or 3-11-08.

Observations.—Described from a single ~. It is a very marked
Aldine at once told by the densely long-scaled clypeus.

58. Orthopodomyia maculata, sp. nov.

Thorax rich brown, ornamented with golden and creamy
scales; head with pale creamy scales; proboscis with one small
median white band; palpi of male about three-fourths the length
of the proboscis, white at base and apex and with two median
white bands. Abdomen black with basal white bands and two
median white spots to some segments. Wings with dark scales
and white spots. Fore and mid legs unbanded, hind with promi-
nent white bands and last segment all white.

x». Head brown with narrow-curved and upright forked
scales of a pale creamy to almost white hue, the fork scales
numerous and uniformly scattered over the head; antennz with
pale creamy and brown bands, plume hairs brown to flaxen, basal
segment black with small broad creamy scales dotted over it; the
first few segments of the flagellum with long white and creamy
scales; palpi black, white-scaled at the apex, a few white scales at
the base and two median white bands, one near the apex, golden
cheetee at the apex, about three-fourths the length of the proboscis,
the latter black with one median narrow white band!

Thorax black, clothed with large narrow-curved creamy scales,
the majority golden, but some white ones in front, at the sides
and over the roots of the wings and before the scutellum and some
areas of dark bronzy ones; cheete long, golden and brown; scutel-
lum black with long silvery white scales and long golden border
bristles; metanotum black; pleure brown with patches of flat
white scales and some long thin ones beneath the wings; pro-
thoracic lobes with flat white scales.

30 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vox. IV,

Abdomen jet-black with snowy white basal bands and on
some of the segments two small white median spots; venter black
with basal white bands and all the bristles golden.

Legs black, femora and tibiz speckled with pale creamy
scales, fore legs unbanded, but the apex of the tibiz white; mid
legs with two pale bands involving the jcints of the metatarsal
and first tarsal, and first and second tarsals; hind legs with a
narrow band involving the metatarsal and first tarsal joint, a
very broad one involving the first and second tarsal joint, a nar-
rower one the second and third, apex of third white and all the
fourth.

Wings with black scales over most of the veins but with
white spots as follows :—four large ones on the costa and three small
basal ones; the first two spread on to the first and second veins,
the third on to the first, second, third and fourth, the fourth on to
the first and second, the basal ones small and irregular, there is also
a spot on the first between the third and fourth costal spots, one
on the base of the second fork-cell and at the tips of the branches,
one at the apex and another near the base of the outer branch of
the fifth and one at its base, and a small one just past the cross-
vein on the fourth. Halteres all pale. Fork-cells rather short,
the first narrower and about the same length as the second, its
stem about half as long again as the cell; stem of the second as
long as the cell; cross-veins pale, the posterior about twice its own
length distant from the mid.

Length 5 mm.

Habitat Maddathorai, w. base of W. Ghats, Travancore
(Annandale).

Time of capture 17-x1-08.

Observations.—Described from a single ~ , taken resting on a
tree trunk in jungle. A very marked and beautiful species near
O. albipes, Theobald, but easily told by having only the last hind
tarsal white.

59. Mimomyia minuta, Theobald. (Pls. i and iii, wing and wing
scales.)

Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 301 (@), 1908.

Thorax shiny brown; head pale creamy yellow; abdomen
brown with basal pale yellow bands spreading out laterally.
Legs with apical and basal pale banding; last hind tarsal pale
creamy.

2. Head clothed with flat pale creamy scales and some black
upright forked ones at the back; two long pale cheete projecting
forwards in the middle in front and some dark incurved ones at
the sides; antennee deep brown, basal segment black.

Thorax shiny black, with scattered long curved black scales
and very long black cheete; scutellum shiny black with long
curved black scales and black border bristles; metanotum black;
pleuree ochreous.

IQI0. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicida. 31

Abdomen ochreous with deep brown scales, rather scanty
basally giving a false banded appearance, with basal lateral areas
of pale scales; border bristles pale.

Legs brown to almost black; coxee and venter of femora pale ;
apex of femora and tibie white, the remaining segments with apt
cal and basal pale creamy bands, last hind tarsal with all pale
scales, in the other legs pale in certain lights.

Wings with the first fork-cell very little longer and narrower
than the second, its stem nearly as long as the cell; stem of the
second fork-cell not quite as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein
longer than the mid, rather more than its own length distant from
it; scales large and brown.

Length 2°5 mm.

Habitat Calcutta (Annandale).

Time of capture 30-vii and 3 or 4-vill-07.

Observations.—One @ andone ~. ‘The o was described from
Sylhet, Assam (Records Indian Museum, vol. ii, p. 301, 1908). In
the description of the proboscis it reads as if it were long and thin
as in Culex; this is not so, it is very swollen apically, almost club-
shaped in some views, with a long thin stem.

Genus BOLBODEOMYIA, gen. nov.

Head clothed with flat scales; palpi very short in the 2 ,
slightly longer in the ~, antennz pilose in both sexes; thorax
with spindle-shaped scales; prothoracic lobes with small flat scales,
scutellum with flat scales; metanotum with a bunch of cheete
posteriorly. Wings with normal venation with rather long lateral
vein scales on the apical areas of the veins and with very promt
nent long dense lateral vein scales on the fifth vein, along the stem
and one branch. Complex ~ genitalia, the claspers ending in a
bulbous process. A very marked genus.

60. Bolbodeomyia complex, sp. nov.

Head, thorax, legs, antennz and palpi and proboscis brown.
Abdomen brown above, pale grey below in @ , ochreous in the o.

@. Head clothed with flat brown scales with violet reflections
and a pale creamy border around the eyes and at the sides; cheetze
dark; clypeus, palpi and proboscis deep brown, palpi very small ;
antenne deep brown, basal segment brown, pilose.

Thorax shiny deep brown with scattered brown and paler
spindle-shaped scales; prothoracic lobes covered with small flat
creamy scales, scutellum ochreous-brown with flat dull scales;
metanotum brown with a large area of pale hairs posteriorly, aris-
ing from black points; pleuree ochreous-brown with flat white
scales. Abdomen deep brown, traces of some pale scales at the
bases of the apical segments; venter pale grey, the integument
ochreous.

Legs deep brown, coxz ochreous with white scales, venter of
femora pale.

Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE,; AV,

Wings with short fork-cells, the first longer, but slightly nar-
rower than the second, its base slightly nearer the base of the
wing, its stem two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of the
second as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein about two-and-a-
half times its own length distant from the mid.

Male genitalia very complex ; the clasper thick, long, ending
in a rounded knob, with a group of small curved hairs; lateral
process at apex short, very thick and dark; a blunt long, finger-
like process from near base of clasper; on the inner corner of the
basal lobes four flat cheetee.

Length 3°58 mm.

@. Very similar to the male, but rather more white scales in
front of the head, and the palpi smaller.

The abdomen has some traces of basal white lateral spots and
the venter has some narrow apical black bands. Wings with the
first fork-cell slightly longer and about the same width as the
second, its stem about half the length of the cell; stem of the
second rather more than half the length of the cell; posterior
cross-vein rather more than twice its own length distant from the
mid, some long lateral vein scales, the fifth long vein, except on its
upper branch, densely clothed with long thin scales.

Length 3 mm.

Halitat Dawna Hills, 2,000—3\000 feet, I,, Burma (7), and
jungle at base of Dawna Hills ( ¢ ) (Annandale).

Time of capture I and 2 or 3-11i-08.

Observations.—Described from one ~ and one 2 , practically
perfect, but with slightly rubbed thorax. A small obscure A‘dine,
but at once told when examined microscopically by the complex
male genitalia and the long lateral scales along one side of the
fifth vein.

61. Skusea pseudodiurna, sp. nov.

Head dusky or pale according to the light. Thorax bright
reddish brown. Abdomen with basal white lateral spots. Legs
brown unbanded.

@”. Head dark, clothed with a mixture of flat dusky and pale
grey scales and numerous dark upright forked scales and many
black cheetee projecting forwards; antennz with dark plume hairs,
and pale grey internodes, dusky at the tip; palpi very small, dark
brown; proboscis deep brown. Thorax bright deep reddish brown,
with scanty, scattered bronzy narrow-curved scales and with black
cheetee, especially thick over the roots of the wings; scutellum
testaceous with narrow-curved dull creamy and bronzy scales to
the mid lobe, dark ones to the lateral lobes; metanotum bright
chestnut-brown.

Abdomen black with basal white lateral spots, most promi-
nent on the last few segments, with pale brown border bristles;
venter dusky. Legs uniformly deep brown, except the coxee and
venter of the femora which are pale; fore and mid ungues unequal
and uniserrate ; hind equal and simple. Wings with short fork-

1gIo. | F. V. THEOBALD: Report on Culicide. 33

cells, the first longer and narrower than the second, stem of the
first nearly as long as the cell, stem of the second longer than the
cell; posterior cross-vein its own length distant from the mid.

Length 4 mm.

Habitat Sukna, base of E. Himalayas, 500 feet, Darjiling
district (Annandale).

Time of capture 1-vii-o8.

Observations.—Described from a single ~. Very near Skusea
diurna, but the bright reddish brown thorax at once separates it.

62. Skusea uniformis, sp. nov.

Head black with a pale border around the eyes. Thorax rich
brown.

Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, dull ochreous below. Legs
uniformly deep brown, but the femora pale ochreous below.

@. Head black with small flat black scales, except for a pale
area around the eyes and at the sides and some dark upright
forked scales; clypeus, palpi and proboscis black; antennze deep
brown, basal segment black, base of segment pale ochreous.
Thorax rich deep brown with narrow-curved bronzy brown scales
scattered over its surface; scutellum shiny black with narrow-
curved bronzy black scales, the surface pale in some lights, four
dark median posterior border bristles; metanotum chestnut and
dull brown; pleurze brown with dull flat white scales.

Abdomen deep brown with dull brown scales, dull ochreous
to grey-scaled venter.

Legs uniformly deep brown except the coxe and venter of
femora which are ochreous; ungues equal and simple.

Wings with short fork-cells, the first slightly longer and nar-
rower than the second posterior, their bases about level, the stem
about two-thirds as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior
as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, about
one-and-a-half times its own length distant from it.

Length 4 mm.

Habitat Pallode, twenty miles N.E. of Trivandrum, Travan-
core (Annandale).

Time of capture 15-xi-08.

Observations.—Described from a single @. The abdomen
somewhat denuded, but there is no trace of any pale scales.

eee et

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WPS

CHRYSOCONOPS PYGMEUS. N.SP. (9

MIMOMYIA MINUTA. N.SP

WINGS OF NEW INDIAN CULICIDA.

—_—«ase>
_ ——

WING OF BREVIRHYNCHUS MAGNUS. N.SP, ( OE)

HEAD OF RADIOCULEX CLAVIPALPUS. N.SP.

WING OF LEICESTERIA API \LIs. N.SP. (92).

Meee ore AC

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STEGOMYIA TRIPUNCTATA, N. SP. (9) LEICESTERIA APICALIS, N. SP.

(9) CHRYSOCONOPS PYGMAEUS, N. SP. (%)

STEGOMYIA ALBOLATERALIS, N. SP.

ENLARGED WING SCALES.

Pee tHE -INDIAN SPECIES. On, PAPATACI
REVItIPHLEBOGROMUSY).

By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.

INTRODUCTION.

The importance of the genus Phlebotomus from a medical
point of view has recently been demonstrated by Grassi and others
so far as southern Europe is concerned, and there can be little
doubt that in India too fevers of a certain type are carried by these
flies, which, in common with several others, are commonly known
as “ sand-flies”’ in this country. ‘The descriptions of the species
described below are based on specimens in the collection of the
Indian Museum, some of which have been sent me by Mr. F. M.
Howlett, Second Imperial Zoologist; but I have been able to
examine all the species except P. papatasi in a living condition.
The types of all the species except P. papatasi and P. perturbans
are preserved in the Indian Museum. My thanks are due to
Mr. E. Brunetti for much assistance.

The study of the material at my disposal has convinced me
of the necessity of not relying solely on pinned specimens in
examining minute and delicate insects such as Phlebotomus, Not
only do certain structures shrivel and become distorted when
dried, but it is impossible to make out the exact arrangement of
others without proper examination under a high power of the
microscope. So delicate, for example, is the venation of the wing
of some species of Phlebotomus that its details cannot be seen unless
the wing is dealt with in the manner in which any similar organ
‘belonging to any animal but an insect would be dealt with, that is
to say, unless it is mounted on a glass slide under a cover-slip in a
suitable medium, after having been artificially stained. Pinned
specimens even of Phlebotomus are valuable, as showing the natural
colour and appearance of the insect; but specimens preserved in
spirit are much more valuable, as enabling structural characters
to be investigated with greater ease and surety.

As Mr. Howlett is working at the habits of the Indian
Phlebotomi,' I need only say that specimens are to be found in
the corners of bathrooms during the day and round the lamp at
night ; but a few hints as to their collection and preservation

1 For full details regarding one Indian species (vtz., P. papatasi) see Grassi’ s
‘* Ricerche sui Flebotomi ’’ in the memoirs of the Italian Society of Science (1907)
and also Doerr, Franz and Taussig’s Das Pappatacifiebey (Leipzig and Vienna,
1909).

36 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.-EV;

may be useful. The most satisfactory method, so far as my
experience goes, is the following :—Take a small glass tube full of
strong spirit and a fine camel’s hair brush. Dip the latter in the
spirit and lightly touch the Phlebotomus as it rests on a wall or
table. It will adhere to the brush and may then be washed off
in the spirit, in which it may be permanently preserved.

Dried specimens should be pinned in the same way as mos-
quitoes, but, owing to their small size, this is a difficult process.
Specimens packed loose in a pill box with tissue paper crumpled
up not too tightly are, however, useful, provided that there is a
considerable number of them.

When the specimens preserved in spirit have to be examined,
they may be carefully removed to a watch-glass and examined
superficially under a low power of the microscope. After such
details have been made out as can be made out in this way, a speci-
men should be removed to a small stoppered bottle of absolute
alcohol,’ care being taken that it is not allowed to dry up during
the process and that the stopper is not left out of the bottle of
absolute alcohol longer than is necessary.

After the Phlebotomus has remained in absolute alcohol for
about half an hour it should be removed to a watch-glass con-
taining oil of cloves, in which it must be left until it is quite
transparent. Important details can often be made out while it is _
in this watch-glass, for the point of view can be readily altered.
Finally the specimen should be mounted in canada balsam under
a thin cover-slip in the ordinary way. It will then be possible to
study the general form and also such structures as the antenne,
limbs and genitalia with comparative ease.

To render the wings fit for detailed study, however, it is
necessary to stain them artificially. While the specimen is in
spirit in a watch-glass they should be snipped off at the base by
a fine pair of scissors and carefully transferred to some preparation
of hemalum or hematoxylin. I find Ehrlich’s acid hematoxylin,
Delafield’s haematoxylin and Mayer’s hemalum all good for the
purpose. Although these stains are rapid in their action, it is as
well to leave the wing in them for about twenty-four hours. After
this it should be washed in tap-water, removed to 70 % spirit, in
which it need only remain for a few minutes, and then to absolute
alcohol. Finally it should be cleared in oil of cloves and mounted
in canada balsim. Owing to the toughness of the wings, in spite
of their appareat delicacy, it is not necessary to pass them through
different strengths of alcohol in the process of dehydration.

1 In the damp climate of many parts of India absolute alcohol absorbs atmos-
pheric moisture with great rapidity ; but this may be remedied by keeping the
bottom of the bottle in which the absolute alcohol is stored covered with a layer
of burnt (7.e., dehydrated) copper sulphate. The copper sulphate in this condition
is white ; when it begins to turn green in the alcohol, it is clear that the alcohol
is absorbing water, which is again being absorbed by the copper sulphate. In
this case the alcohol should be poured off and freshly burnt copper sulphate placed
in it; or the old powder may be removed, burnt again and replaced.

IQ1o. |

N. ANNANDALE: Sfectes of Phlebotomus. 37

LIST OF KNOWN SPECIES OF PHLEBOTOMUS

AND

Europe.

America.

Africa.

Asia.

1786.
1843.
1864.
LOGS.

1905.

1906.

1907.

OF, PAPERS IN WHICH THEY ARE
DESCRIBED.

SPECIES.

Phlebotomus papatast, Scopoli (1, 9) (S. Europe).
minutus, Rondani (2)

is mascittit, Grassi (10) (Italy)
tupuliformis, Meunier (5, 6) (fossil in

»
Baltic amber).

Re vexator, Coquillet (8) (Maryland).

a cruciatus | ,, (8) (Guatemala).

7% duboscqui, Neveu-Lemaire (7) (Sou-
dan).

- papatast, Scopoli (15) (Northern

| India; ? Java).

* himaiayensts, sp. nov. (lower Hima-
layas).

- malabaricus, sp. nov. (Travancore, S.
India).

rv perturbans, Meijere (15) (Java; base
of Eastern Himalayas).

a babu, sp. nov. (plains of India).

re major, sp. nov. (outer Himalayas ;
Paresnath, W. Bengal).

argenttpes, Annandale and Brunetti

(11) (p'ains of India).

LITBRATURE,

Scopoli: Delicia faune et flore insubrice, etc. [P.
papatasi described. |

Rondani: Ann. Soc. ent. France (11), vol. i, p. 263.
[P. minutus described and P. papa-
tas! redescribed. |

Loew: l*'auna Austriaca, Dipt. 11, p. 630. |A general
descr.ption of the genus. |

Kertesz: ‘‘ Psychodide”’ in Katalog der Palaarktischen
Dipteren,i. {A bibliography of the
genus. |

Meunier: Ann. Mus. Hung., ili, p. 254. .[P. tepuli-
formis described. |

ie Naturaliste, p.103. [P.ttpuliformis desciibed
as a type of a new genus (PiA/ebo-
tomiella) I think unnecessarily. |

Neveu-Lemaire: Bull. Soc. zool. France, xxxi, p. 64.
[P. duboscqui described. |

Coquil et: Lent. News, Philadelphia, Pa., p. 101. [P.
vexator and P, cruciatus described. |

38 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor IVs

g. 1907. Grassi: Mem. d. Soc. ttal. d. Stet. (ii), xiv, p. 353.
_ [P. papatasi fully redescribed with
many figures. |

1o. 1908. Grassi: Ati. Reale Accad. Lincet (v), vol. xvii, fasc. 12,
2nd senustre, p. 68. [P. mascittit
described. ]

It. 1908. Annandale: Recs Inds Mus. voll ti- peeroiees i
argentipes described. |

12. 1909. Doerr, Franz and Taussig: Das Pappatacifieber (Leip-
zig and Vienna).

13. Ig09. Austen: African Bloodsucking Flies, pl. 1, fig. 4
(B. M., London). [P. duboscqua
figured. |

14. 1909. Annandale: Nature, vol. 81, p. 518. [P. papatasi
recorded from India. ]

15. 1909. Meijere: ‘‘ Blutsaugende Micro-Dipteren,”’ 77d. voor
Entom., vol. lii, p. 191. [P. pertur-
bans and P. angustipennts (synonym
of P. papatasi ?) described. ]

TAXONOMIC POSITION OF PHLEBOTOMUS
AND ITS SPECIES.

FAMILY PSYCHODIDZ.

Small Nemocera with relatively large wings, which are
densely covered with scales or hairs. At least six longitudinal
veins present in addition to the costal (anterior border) and sub-
costal ; cross-veins few in number, often practically invisible,
absent from the distal part of the wing.

Subfamily Phlebotomine.

Psychodidze in which the second longitudinal vein has either
two or three branches, which arise at a considerable distance from
the point at which the main branch of the vein is joined to the
third longitudinal vein. Female devoid of a horny ovipositor ; the
external genitalia of the male consisting of at least three pairs of
appendages in addition to an intromittent organ. Genera—Phle-
botomus ,* Nemopalpus , Sycorax, Trichomyta, Eatonisca, Diplonema.*

Subfamily Psychodine.

Psychodide in which the lowest of the three branches of the
second longitudinal vein always present is very distinct from the
two upper ones, and joins the middle branch at a point nearer the
base of the wing than the apex. Females with a horny ovipositor
consisting of two longitudinal valves ; external genitalia of the

male consisting of two pairs of appendages. (Genera—Psychoda ,*
Pericoma.*

The genera whose names are marked with a * are known to
occur in India, They may be distinguished as follows :—

1910. | N. ANNANDALE: Species of Phlebotomus. 39

PHLEBOTOMIN 2}

A. Wings broadly heart-shaped, densely covered

with scales; mouth not forming a pro-

boscis as ae .. Diplonema.
B. Wings relatively narrow, devoid of scales

except at the base ; mouth parts forming

a proboscis ae Be .. Phlebotomus.

E. ‘7 I.
Rnd, ap
3rd ef a | FigaA.
j {
4th an ,
ag satin 6th
a 5th , 6th +th
” 5th

Fic. 1.—Wing of Culex (after Theobald). Frc. 2.—Wing of Phlebotomus.

c., costal vein ; sc., subcostal; 1st to 6th, first to sixth longitudinal veins ;
a, a’, anda’, incrassations (a’ called by Austen the 6th vein, a’ the 8th); y.,
supernumerary cross-vein ; z., mid cross-vein; P., posterior cross-veln ; A., costal
cell; B., subcostal cell; C., marginal cell; D., first submarginal cell ; E., second
submarginal cell; F., first posterior cell; G., second posterior cell; J., third pos-
terior cell; K., anal cell; H., first basal cell; I., second basal cell; L., auxiliary ;
M., spurious cell,

PsyCHODINA}—
A. The third longitudinal vein runs to the apex
of the wing, dividing the wing into two
approximately equal halves -- Psychoda,
B. The third longitudinal vein terminates dis-
tally at a point below the apex of the wing Pericoma,

40 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vorzkve

Wea Some Diagnostic Characters.

There is some dispute as to the proper nomenclature of the
venation of the wing of the Psychodide ; but I think it will he
sufficient for the purposes of this paper if I compare the wing of
Phicbotomus with that of the Culicide, for not only are the
Psychodide (and especially Phlebotomus) close'ty allied to that
family, but more attention has perhaps been paid to the anatomy
of the Culicidee in recent years than to that of any other group
of Diptera. I have therefore reproduced the figure of the wing of
Culex (fig. I) given by Theobald in the first volume (p. 18) of his
Monograph of the Culicide side by side with one of the wing of
Phlebotomus (fig. 2) on which the same lettering is used.

In accordance with Theobald’s figure and with the views of
many diptero‘ogists, the thickened anterior or upper border of
the wing is called the costa, while the short parallel vein running
immediately below it is called the subcosta. The first parallel
vein that reaches the distal margin of the wing is known as the
first longitudinal, those posterior to it being numbered in numeri-
cal succession.. In both genera six longitudinal veins can he
distinguished.

The subcosta in Culex turns upwards at the tip and joins the
costa, while in Phlebotomus it turns downwards and joins the first
longitudinal. ‘This is a point that will be considered later when the
cross-veins are discussed. There is no radical difference as regards
the first longitudinal in the two genera except that in the Psy-
chodid it turns upwards at the tip and so assumes a superficial
resemblance to the subcosta in Culex, in which it turns downwards.
In Culex the second longitudinal forks once, while in Phlebotomus
‘t forks twice. In both genera the third longitudinal is simple
and practically straight ; it is much longer in the Psychodid than
in Culex. The fourth longitudinal is once forked in both genera,
but the fifth is simple in Phlebotomus and bears a branch in Culex ;
in both genera the sixth longitudinal is simple and directed down-
wards at the distal end.

The cross-veins are easily detected in Culex, but in Phlebotomus
they are very difficult to see owing to their extreme delicacy. In
stained preparations, however, their exact position can be detected,
at any rate in some specimens. ‘The most noticeable difference
as regards them is that while in Culex the more important
cross-veins are situated on the distal part of the wing, in Phlebo-
tomus they are confined entirely to the proximal part. Consider-
ing first the anterior half of the wing, we find in Culex a minute
cross-vein (the ‘‘ humeral’ cross-vein, not numbered or lettered
in the diagrams) joining the subcosta to the costa. In Culex it
is situated near the base of the wing, while in Phlebotomus it is
practically at the distal end of the very short subcosta, which there-
fore appears to be forked. A careful examination shows, however,
that the lower branch of the apparent fork is really in continuity
with the main stem of the vein, while the cross-vein proceeds

1910. | N. ANNANDALE: Species of Phlebotomus. 41

from it at a distinct angle. In Phlebotomus this cross-vein is of
extreme delicacy and, unlike the other veins, it is not provided
with a double line of hairs. 1t can only be seen after prolonged
staining of the wing, and even then is faint and indistinct. The
next transverse vein that is apparent joins the base of the second
longitudinal to the first and is marked x in the diagrams ; it is
further from the base of the wing in Cz/ex than it is in Phlebotomus.
Strictly speaking this is not a distinct vein but an upturned
portion of the lower vein. The base of the third longitudinal in
both genera ends in a small fork, one branch joining the vein to
the second longitudinal, the other to the fourth. The former
branch is called by Theobald the supernumerary cross-vein, the
latter the mid cross-vein. In Phlebotomus, however, the lower
branch appears to be in actual continuity wih the vein, while
the upper one joins it at an angle. This is more distinct in some
species than in others. In Culex the fourth and sixth longitudi-
nals do not appear to be joined together at the base; but in
Phlebotomus the fifth arises from the base of the sixth, as can be
seen distinctly in some species, while it is connected with the
fourth by a short cross-vein close to its base.

The venation of Phlebotomus, taking into consideration the
above facts, may therefore be said to resemble that of Culex in
some essential points, but to differ from it mainly in the fact that
the cross-veins are extremely delicate and are situated exclusively
on the proximal part of the wing.

From a systematic point of view, as regards specific differen-
tiation, the most important feature in the venation is the relative
proportions between the length of the upper branch of the second
longitudinal, the distance between the two forks of this vein, and
that between the proximal! fork and the point at which the vein is
joined by the mid cross-vein to the third longitudinal.

In Phlebotomus, but not in some of its allies (e.g., Diploneinay),
the wing is almost devoid of scales, a few of which occur at the
extreme base on the costal and lower borders and on those veins
which reach the base. Each vein except the small cross-vein that
joins the subcostal to the costal, bears a double row of fine hairs,
and the edge of the wing is deeply fringed with longer hairs.

External genitalia—

The visible female genitalia in Phlebotomus are simple in
structure, consisting of two pairs (a superior and an inferior pair) of
compressed, more or less leaf-like appendages covered with sensory
hairs. They offer in their shape and proportions features. of diag-
nostic importance but become shrivelled and distorted in dried
specimens. There is no horny ovipositor such as is found in
Psychoda and Pericoma.

The male genitalia are far more complicated and of much
greater systematic importance. It is possible, moreover, to trace
their specific differences even in specimens which have been dried,
but even such specimens should be mounted in canada balsam for

42 Records of the Indian Museum, [VWou-be

a proper examination. It is difficult to homologize the different
appendages exactly with those of other Diptera, because in all
families great differences, often of no more than specific value,
occur in different species. It is better, therefore, not to use
technical terms in describing these appendages. In the male

Fig,3. : sl.
U.

Diagram of the external male genitalia of Phlebotomus : u., upper or superior
appendage; ch., chete; f., genital filament; i, intermediate appendage; P.,
intromittent organ; s.l., subgenitai lamella; L., lower or inferior appendage.

genitalia of Phlebotomus five pairs of organs can be distinguished.
They are shown in the accompanying diagram (fig. 3) which is a
generalized sketch of the whole apparatus as seen from the right
side and does not represent the organs of any one species. The

Distal joint of superior male appendage of P. argentipes, showing the chete.

uppermost appendage has two joints, the posterior (distal) of which
bears a varying number of stout cheetee (fig. 4). The form, position
and number of these cheetze are valuable diagnostic points. The
intermediate appendage is morphologically a branch of the superior
one but has often more than one lobe. ‘The inferior appendage

IIo. | N. ANNANDALE: Species of Phlebotomus. 43

never has more than one joint, but is often elbowed; it arises from
a subgenital plate, which represents the last somite of the abdomen.
This subgenital plate, which is highly developed in some Psychodide,
is very inconspicuous in Phlebotomus, owing rather to its mem-
branous nature than to its small size. In dried specimens it dis-
appears almost completely. The intromittent organ, which lies
between the two intermediate appendages, consists of a pair of
slender, compressed chitinous valves, between which a pair of long,
slender, chitinous filaments can be protruded.

Head—

The head in Phlebotomus is small and ‘round but the anterior
part is produced into a more or less cylindrical rostrum, which
overhangs the mouth parts above. ‘The eyes are large, invariably
dark in colour and more or less emarginate opposite the base of
the antenne. The antenne are long and filiform, having nor-
mally sixteen joints, two of which form the scape. ‘They show
great individual variation as regards the proportions of the joints
and also differ as regards the exact outline of the last few distal
joints in the two sexes. The sexual differences are, however,
small. The palpi are generally stated to have four joints. In
fresh specimens, however, a minute basal joint can sometimes be
distinguished. This joint is often difficult to see and appears to
be imperfectly separated from the others. Including it the number
of the joints is five.

For an account of the mouth parts Grassi may be consulted.
They do not appear to present features of merely diagnostic
interest and closely resemble those of Culex in general structure.

THE INDIAN SPECIES OF PHLEBOTOMUS.
Table of the Indian spectes of Phlebotomus.

1. Length 2 mm. Dorsum of thorax dark, sides
yellowish. Wing with the posterior border
much more strongly arched than the anterior ;
the anterior branch of the second longitu-
dinal vein longer than either the distance
between the two forks of the vein or that
between the posterior fork and the mid
cross-vein; the latter distance shorter than
that between the two forks ee .. P. argenttpes.

2. Length 3-375 mm. Colour an almost unt-
form golden grey. Wing with the posterior
border much more strongly arched than the
anterior ; the anterior branch of the second
vein longer than either the distance between
the two forks of the vein or that between the
posterior fork and the mid cross-vein; the
distance between the two forks shorter than

P. argentipes, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 101,

mm.

the first joint of the tarsus,

Records of the Indian Museum.

that between the posterior fork and the mid
cross-vein

Length 275-3 mm. Colour dark greyish brown.

Wing with the posterior margin as a tule
more strongly arched than the anterior ; the
length of the anterior branch of the second
vein, the distance between the two forks and
that between the posterior fork and the mid
cross-vein subequal

purplish tinge. Wing with the posterior
margin hardly more stronely arched than the
anterior; the anterior branch of the second
vein four times as long as the distance
between the two forks, which is much shorter
than that between the Cpe fork and the
mid cross-vein

Length 1°5 mm. Colour silvery “grey. Wing

narrow, as a rule divided into two almost equal
and similar halves by the third longitudinal
vein; the anterior branch of the second veiu
shorter than either the distance between the
two forks or that between the posterior fork
and the mid cross-vein; the two latter dis-
tances being nearly equal

narrow, divided into two equal and similar
halves by the third longitudinal vein; the
anterior branch of the second vein nearly three
times as long as the distance between the
two forks, twice as long as that between the

[Vor. LV,

P.. major.

. P. perturbans.
Length 2°5 mm. Colour dark brown with a

P. malabaricus.

; .. P, babu.
Length 2 mm. Colour yellowish grey. Wing

posterior fork and the mid cross-vein ..P.himalayensts.

. Length 2-5 mm. Colour yellowish grey. Wing

narrow, but with the posterior margin as a
rule more strongly arched than the anterior ;
the anterior branch of the second vein nearly
twice as long as the distance between the two
forks, equal to that between the posterior
fork and the mid cross-vein

Phlebotomus argentipes, Annandale and Brunetti.

. P. papatasi.

(Pisivehie: age

wing, and pl. vi, fig. 6, male genitalia.)

fig. (1908).

Size and proportions. —Total Wetige in well-preserved specimens
2mm. Length of wing 1°75 mm.; greatest breadth of wing 0°5
Hind leg about twice as long as the head and body; the
femur less than half as long as the tibia and distinctly shorter than

joints together.

which is longer than the remaining

1gI0.| N. ANNANDALE: Sfecies of Phlebotomus. 45

Colour.—Head (except eyes, which are black) and abdomen
brown; dorsum of thorax dark brown or blackish; sides of thorax,
coxe and trochanters yellowish ; legs, antenne and palpi grey ;
the whole (especially the legs) exhibiting a strong silvery reful-
gence. Wings smoke-grey, with a strong bluish iridescence on the
disk and a general silvery refulgence.

Head.—Rostrum elongate, sausage-shaped, ovoid as seen
from above. Eyes distinctly emarginate on their internal upper
border, narrowly separated. Antenne with 14 joints in the
flagellum, all of which are more or less elongate and each of which
bears three or four somewhat irregular verticels of stiff, fine hairs ;
the proximal joint of the scape clearly separated from the head,
rather slender, short ; distal joint subspherical, bearing a circle of
suberect, narrow, spatulate, curved scales and (alternating with and
below the scales) another of stiff bristles. Palpi with five joints ;
the basal joint short, the second joint more than half as long as
the third, which is as long as the fourth and fifth together.

Thovax.—The dorsum is covered with long, stiff, upright,
curved hairs

Abdomen slender and cylindrical in both sexes, considerably
shorter than the wings, covered with rather slender curved hairs
of irregular length but never very long or stout.

Wings bluntly pointed; the posterior border much more
strongly curved than the anterior. ‘The anterior branch of the
second longitudinal vein much longer than the distance between
its base and the second fork; the stem of the vein between the
second fork and the mid cross-vein slightly longer than the
distance between the two forks; the posterior fork nearly on a level
with the fork of the fourth vein.

External genittata.—(@) The superior appendages somewhat
widely separated from the inferior, which are small, pointed and
claw-shaped. (@) All the appendages long and apparent. ‘The
inferior appendages somewhat slender, laterally compressed,
longer than the basal joint of the superior appendages, obliquely
truncated, devoid of spines, covered with stout hairs, which form
a dense brush at the tip of the appendage ; a distinct elbow not
far from the base of the appendage ; the intermediate appendages
small, consisting of a stout, bluntly pointed dorsal lobe and a
small ventral lobe which is a minute, pointed process bearing a
bunch of bristles at the tip and attached to the ventral margin of
the dorsal lobe. The superior appendage with the distal joint
considerably shorter than the proximal one, bearing five stout,
pointed chete, each nearly as long as the joint, arranged as
follows :--a single cheta at a point about a third of the length of
the joint from the base, a pair of slightly unequal cheetee near the
middle of the joint, and a terminal equal pair. ‘The proximal
joint slightly longer than the last apparent segment of the abdo-
men. Intromittent organs relatively long, ensiform, consisting of
two slender, pointed lateral valves, between which a pair of long
filaments can be protruded.

46 Kecords of the Indian Museum. [Vor. TV;

This species is easily distinguished, except in the case of
females distended with blood, from all other Indian forms by the
strong contrast in colour between the dorsal surface and the sides of
the thorax. It is a very common species in Calcutta at all times of
the year, but only occasionally. Often it seems to disappear for a
time (a few weeks or days) and then to reappear again in large
numbers. It is commonly found in dark corners of bathrooms
and basements in houses and round the lamp at night, and has the
habit of biting people’s ankles under the dinner table.

Distribution.—Probably all over the plains of India. I have
examined specimens from Calcutta (all times of year), Rajmahal
(July, February), Asansol (Paiva, February) and Pusa (Howlett) in
Bengal, and from several localities in the coastal districts of Tra-
vancore (November).

Phlebotomus major, sp. nov. (PI. v, fig. 4, wing, and pl. vi,
fig. 4, male genitalia.)

Phlebotomus sp., Giles, Gnats or Mosquitoes (and. ed.), p. 5, fig. 2

(1902).

Size and proportions.—Total length 3-3°75 mm. Length of
wing 2°75 mm., greatest breadth 1 mm. Hind leg two-and-a-half
times as long as the head and body; its femur less than half as
long as the tibia and considerably shorter than the first joint of
the tarsus, which is longer than the remaining joints together.

Colour.—A uniform golden grey with very strong silvery lights ;
the disk of the wings with a bluish iridescence; eyes black; legs
sometimes darker than abdomen.

Head.—Rostrum somewhat conical, short, truncated in front.
Eyes widely separated, emarginate above. Antenne with the two
joints of the scape subspherical; those of the flagellum elongate,
slender, densely covered with soft hairs. Palpi with five joints;
the basal joint very short, the second, third and fourth subequal,
shorter than the fifth.

Thorax much as in P. argentipes.

Abdomen long and slender, clothed with long recumbent hairs
and with tufts of longer, upright ones on the dorsal surface.

Wings rather narrower than in P. argentipfes, pointed, with the
posterior border much more strongly arched than the anterior.
The anterior branch of the second longitudinal vein much longer
than the distance between the two forks, which is considerably
shorter than the distance between the second fork and the mid
cross-vein ; the second fork slightly nearer the base of the wing
than that of the fourth longitudinal vein.

External genttaha—(o) Superior and inferior appendages
similar to those of P. argentipes except that they are more slender
and elongate, the basal joint of the superior appendage being nearly
twice as long as the last apparent joint of the abdomen; inter-
mediate appendages devoid of a ventral lobe; valves of the intro-
mittent organs slender and blunt ; genital filaments well developed.

1910. | N. ANNANDALE: Sfectes of Phlebotomus. 47

This species is closely allied to P. argentipes, from which it is
easily distinguished by its larger size, uniform golden colour, more
elongate tarsi and male genitalia.

Distribution.—Outer Himalayas from the base up to 7,000
or 8,000 feet. Paresnath Hill, Western Bengal. I have examined
specimens from Naini Tal and Bowali (Kumaon), Kurseong (Dar-
jiling district), the Nepal Terai, and Paresnath Hill (Chota Nag-
pur). The fauna of this hill, which is separated by about 180
miles from the foot-hills of Nepal, the nearest part of the Hima-
layas, has a distinctly Himalayan facies, and I think that P.
major may be regarded as the Himalayan representative of P.
argentipes. All the specimens of the former species that I have
taken myself have been taken at light in the evening. The only
one I saw on Paresnath (a male) was taken at an altitude of
4,300 feet in April. The species appears to be common at Naini
Tal and Kurseong and probably also at Simla in May and June.
Dr. A. D. Imms took specimens at Bowali in July.

Phlebotomus perturbans, Meijere. (Pl. v, fig. 3, wing, and pl. vi,
figs. 5, 5a, 50, male genitalia.)

P. perturbans, Metjere, Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. lii, p. 201, pl. 12,

fig. 13 (1909).

Size and proporiions.—Total length 2°5-3 mm. Length of wing
3°25 mm.; greatest breadth of wing 07 mm. Hind leg 2} times
as long as head and thorax; the femur a little more than half as
long as the tibia, slightly longer than the first joint of the tarsus,
which is distinctly shorter than the other joints together.

Colour.—Thorax, abdomen, femora, tibiz, tarsi and antenne
brown, with the usual silvery lights; head (including palpi and
proboscis), coxee and trochanters yellowish; eyes black.

Head.—Rostrum short and thick, rounded at the tip. An-
tennee with the basal joint of the flagellum not much longer than the
second; the second joint of the scape bearing a circle of curved
scales. Palpi long, with five joints; the fifth joint the longest ; the
second and third much longer than the fourth; the first very short.

Thorax much as in P. argentipes, except that the hairs are
shorter.

Abdomen relatively shorter than in P. major, clothed with
recumbent hairs and with a few upright curved ones on both the
dorsal and the ventral surfaces.

Wing bluntly pointed, with the posterior border not much
more strongly arched than the anterior. The length of the
anterior branch of the second longitudinal vein, the distance
between the two forks of this vein and that between the posterior
fork and the mid cross-vein subequal; the fork of the fourth
longitudinal distinctly nearer the tip of the wing than the pos-
terior fork of the second longitudinal.

Genitalia (2) The superior appendage considerably larger
than the inferior, both leaf-like and rounded at the tip.

48 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOLE

(@) Inferior appendage shorter than the basal joint of the superior
appendage, slender, bearing at the tip a bunch of long, stout
bristles. Intermediate appendage without a ventral lobe, slender,
pointed, with the tip curved. Superior appendage very long, the
distal joint much shorter than the proximal, bearing four cheete,
which are less than half as long as the joint and are arranged in
two pairs—an equal pair at the tip and one in which the two
cheetze are not equal on the inner surface about half way along
the joint; the proximal chzetee are blunt, the distal ones pointed.
Intromittent organ very slender, the valves rounded at the tip;
the genital filaments well developed.

This species is easily distinguished from all the other Indian
forms I have seen except P. malabaricus (to which it bears a close
superficial resemblance) by its-dark brownish colour. It is abund-
ant in the jungles at the base of the Eastern Himalayas at the
beginning of the rains. Large numbers flew to my light in the
forest bungalow at Sukna (alt. 500 feet) near the Darjiling Hima-
layan Railway on the evenings of July ist, 2nd and 3rd, 1908. I
have not seen it elsewhere.

Distribution.—Base of the Eastern Himalayas (Darjiling dis-
trict): Java:

Phlebotomus malabaricus, sp. nov. (Pl. v, fig. 1, head, fig. 2, wing ;
and pl. vi, fig. 1, male genitalia.)

Size and proportions.—Total length 2.5 mm. Length of wing
2 mm., greatest breadth 075 mm. Hind leg 1} times as long as
the thorax and abdomen; the femur nearly ? the length of the
tibia, 1% that of the first joint of the tarsus, which is } that of the
remaining joints together.

Colour.—Thorax, abdomen and legs (except coxe and
trochanters) brown with a tinge of purple and with the usual
silvery lights; wings purplish, strongly iridescent; head, coxe
and trochanters pale brown; eyes black.

Head. —Rostrum short, rounded in front. Antenne normal;
the second joint of the scape pear-shaped, with several circles of
hairs and scales; the first joint of the flagellum much longer than
the second. Palpi long, with five joints; the basal joint very
short, the second shorter than the third or fourth; third and-
fourth joints subequal, together shorter than the fifth.

Thorax densely covered with upright curved hairs.

Abdomen covered with recumbent hairs.

Wings pointed; the posterior border not much more strongly
arched than the anterior. ‘The anterior branch of the second longi-
tudinal vein very long, about four times as long as the distance
between the two forks of the vein, which is much shorter than that
between the posterior fork and the mid cross-vein; the fork of the
fourth longitudinal almost level with the posterior fork of the second.

Genitalia —(?) Much as in P. perturbans. (o) Inferior
appendage slender, cylindrical, slightly shorter than the basal

1910. | N. ANNANDALE: Spfecies of Phlebotomus 49

joint of the superior appendage, bearing at its tip (in addition to a
bunch of fine bristles) seven minute, conical, chitinous spines.
Intermediate appendage without a ventral branch; the dorsal
branch resembling that o° P. perturbans. Superior appendage with
the distal joint less than half as long as the proximal one, bearing
four cheetee, each of which is as long as the joint; one pair of
cheetze is situated at the tip of the appendage and the other a
short distance nearer the base of the joint. Intromittent organ
long and slender; the apices of the valves club-shaped; genital
filaments well developed.

This species is closely related to P. ferturbans, the place of
which it takes in the jungles at the base of the Western Ghats in
Travancore, where I took numerous specimens at light in Novem-
ber, 1908. ‘The anterior branch of the second longitudinal vein,
however, is much longer than itis in P. perturbans and the legs are
shorter, while the chetz of the male genitalia are much better
developed.

Distribution.—Travancore, S. India, below the western slopes
of the Western Ghats. I took specimens at Nedumangad, Pallode
and Maddathorai in November.

Phlebotomus babu, sp. nov. (PI. iv, fig. 1, wing, and pl. vi, figs. 3,
3a, male genitalia.)

Phlebotomus sf., Howlett, in Maxwell-Lefroy’s Indian Insect Life,

P. 559, fig. 358 (1909).

Size and proporttons.—Total length 2°5 mm. Length of wing
1°75 mm., greatest breadth of wing 0°25 mm. Hind leg rather
less than twice as long as the thorax and abdomen: the femur
slightly shorter than the tibia, which is more than twice as long as
the first joint of the tarsus; the first joint of the tarsus less than
half as long as the femur, shorter than the remaining joints
together by half of its own length.

Colour.—Silvery grey; the fringes on the wings, the thorax
and abdomen appear in certain lights to be darker than the wings
themselves and the limbs: the usual silvery lights present.

Head.—Rostrum prominent, somewhat arched. Antenne
with the second joint of the scape bearing several rows of flat
scales; the joints of the flagellum normal. Palpi with four joints;
the first three subequal, short; the fourth nearly as long as these
three together.

Thorax less tumid above than in P. argenttpes.

Abdomen rather short, clothed in close-set upright hairs of
different lengths and with a dense fringe of upwardly curved hairs
running along each side of the abdomen near the ventral surface.

Wings narrow, pointed, the posterior border hardly more
strongly arched than the anterior, the third longitudinal vein
dividing the wing into two nearly equal and similar halves. ‘The
anterior branch of the second vein not much shorter than the
second branch, shorter than the distance between the two forks of

50 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

the vein or the distance between the posterior fork and the mid
cross-vein; the two latter distances nearly equal; the posterior
fork nearer the base of the wing than the fork of the fourth
vein.

Genitalia.—(@) The superior appendage long and narrow,
somewhat curved; the inferior appendage less than half as long,
straight. (#7) The inferior appendage club-shaped, distinctly
elbowed, about as long as the basal joint of the superior append-
age, bearing (in addition to slender bristles) several chitinous
spines at the tip and on the ventral surface. Intermediate
appendage short, blunt, with the ventral lobe represented by a
short process on its ventral margin. The superior appendage with
the basal joint stout, about twice as long as the distal joint, which
bears four pointed equal or subequal chetze; the chete rather
longer than the joint, situated two at the tip and two a short
distance from it.

This species is the smallest with which Iam acquainted. It
is frequently found together with P. argentipes, from which it is
easily distinguished by its smaller size, narrower wings and
uniform grey colour; I have taken it also with P. malabaricus. In
habits it resembles P. argentipes, than which it appears to be some-
what more common.

Distribution.—Probably all over the plains of India. I have
examined specimens from Rawalpindi (C. W. Mason, September) ;
from Allahabad (A. D. Imms, October) ; from Rajmahal on the
Ganges (July) ; from Asansol (February, Paiva); from Purneah and
Pusa (Howlett) in Northern Bengal ; Calcutta (all times of year) and
Port Canning, Lower Bengal ; Puri, Orissa ; Rambha in the north-
east of Madras (March); Trivandrum, Pallode and Maddathorai,
Travancore (November), and Igatpuri in the Western Ghats,
Bombay (November).

Phlebotomus himalayensis, sp. nov. (PI. iv, fig. 2, wing, and pl. vi,
fig. 7, male genitalia.)

Size.—Total length 2-255 mm. Length of wing 1I°5 mm.
greatest breadth of wing 0o'4 mm.

Colour.—Yellowish grey with the usual silvery lights ; the dor-
sum of the thorax slightly darker than the sides.

Head.—Rostrum rounded at the tip, stout and elongated.
Antennz normal, with two circles of flat scales and one of flattened
hairs on the second joint of scape. Palpi with five joints ; the
fifth the longest.

Thorax and abdomen as in P. babu.

Wing narrow, obtusely pointed, the posterior margin slightly
more strongly arched than the anterior ; the anterior branch
of the second longitudinal vein not much shorter than the second
branch, at least four times as long as the distance between the two
forks, which is about half as long as that between the posterior
fork and the mid cross-vein ; the posterior fork and the fork of

1910. | N. ANNANDALE: Sfectes of Phlebotomus. 51

the fourth longitudinal almost level, the former being slightly
nearer the tip of the wing than the latter.

Genttalia.—( ? ) Appendages short and broad, the superior not
much longer than the inferior. (@) Inferior appendage slender,
distinctly elbowed, rounded and slightly clubbed at the tip, nearly
as long as basal joint of superior appendages, devoid of chitinous
spines. Intermediate appendages simple, pointed, curved down-
wards at the tip. Superior appendages with the distal joint about
half as long as the proximal, bearing at the tip three pointed
cheetee, each of which is slightly shorter than the joint. Intromit-
tent organ with two elongate, slender valves, which are truncated
at the tip.

This species resembles P. babu in general appearance but is
somewhat larger and yellower. The wing is easily distinguished
from that of P. babu by the great length of the anterior branch
of the second longitudinal vein. P. himalayensis frequently occurs
together with P. major, just as P. babu does with P. argentipes.

Distribution.—The Himalayas, between 4,000 and 7,000 feet.
I have examined specimens from Naini Tal and Bowali in Kumaon
(A. D. Imms, R. E. Llovd) and Kurseong (Darjiling district). It is
apparently common in both districts in May, June and July.

Phlebotomus papatasi, Scopoli. (Pl. iv, fig. 4, wing, and pl. vi, fig.
2, male genitalia.)

P. papatasi, Grassi, Mem. d. soc. ital. d. Sct. (111), xiv, p. 353 (1907).
Phlebotomus sf. (o genitalia), Howlett, in Maxwell-Lefroy’s Indian

Insect Life, p. 560, fig. 359 (1909).
>? P. angustipennis, Metjere, Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. lil, p. 202,

pl. 12, fig. 14 (1909).

Size and proportions.—Total length 2°55 mm. Length of wing
2°25 mm.; greatest breadth 0-4 mm. Hind leg more than twice
as long as thorax and abdomen; the femur a little less than ?
the length of the tibia, which is nearly twice the length of the first
joint of the tarsus ; the first joint of the tarsus in the anterior
legs distinctly shorter than the remaining joints together.

Colour pale yellowish grey.

Head.—Rostrum somewhat slender. Antenne normal ; the
basal joint slender, the second joint of the scape subspherical,
with a circle of scales and two of flattened hairs.

Palpi with (?) five joints; the basal joint indistinct, the
second, third and fifth subequal, each longer than the fourth.

Thorax and abdomen offering no apparent peculiarities.

Wings narrow, pointed, with the posterior border markedly
more arched than the anterior. ‘The anterior branch of the second
longitudinal vein much shorter than the second branch; the former
longer than the distance between the two forks, shorter than that
between the posterior fork and the mid cross-vein ; the posterior
fork slightly nearer the base of the wing than the fork of the
fourth longitudinal.

52 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vot. IV, 1910.]

Genitalia.—( 2) The superior and inferior appendages short,
subequal. (@) Inferior appendages slender, shorter than the
basal joint of the superior appendages, bearing about six short
chitinous spines at the tip. Intermediate appendages with three
lobes, the proximal lobe slender, curved, filiform ; the middle lobe
longer than either of the other two, slender, arched, with a fringe
of hairs on the concave posterior margin ; the distal lobe concave
above, pointed, clothed with fine hairs. ‘The superior appendage
with the distal joint rather longer than the proximal one, bearing
five short, blunt cheetze, three at the tip (the middle one being
shorter than that at either side of it) and two, one nearer the base
than the other, on the middle part of the joint. The intromittent
organ very short, pointed, the genital filaments well developed.

By the kindness of Dr. J. H. Ashworth, I have been able to
compare Indian specimens with specimens from S. Europe (see
Nature, vol. 81, p. 518, 1909).

Meijere’s P. angustipennis, so far as is shown by his figure of
the wing and his brief description, only differs from P. papatasi as
regards the outline of the posterior border of the wing and the
longitudinal vein adjacent to it. In some species (e.g., P. babu)
this is a variable character.!

Distribution.—Southern Europe and Northern India (plains) ;
? N. Africa. I have seen a number of specimens from Rawalpindi
(collected by Mr. C. W. Mason in September) and a single male
from Pusa, Bihar, Northern Bengal (Howlett). The Rawalpindi
specimens were accompanied by specimens of P. babu and were for
the most part infected by a parasitic fungus.

The importance of this species from a medical point of view is
expounded in Doerr, Franz and Taussig’s Das Pappatacifieber
(1909).

1 It would perhaps be more correct to say that this part of the wing is
peculiarly liable to distortion in preserved specimens. A comparison of the differ-
ent figures of the wing of P. papatass that have been published proves very consi-
derable apparent variation in this respect.

,
. .
« . ,
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 1Ve

WINGS OF INDIAN PHLEBOTOMI.

Fic. 1.—Phlebotomus babu.

2.— a himalayensts.
{— A argenti pes.

Ali 3 papatast (Rawalpindi).

Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol.1V,1910

3x 72.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

WINGS AND HEAD OF INDIAN PHLEBOTOMI.

Fic. 1.—Head of Phlebotomus malabaricus, from in front

2.—Wing of ¥ 5
perturbans.

major.

ae ” ” ”)

gs ace) ” ”?

Rec. Ind.Mus.,Vol. IV, 1910. - Plate V.

BiG

Bo 6 S.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.
EXTERNAL MALE GENITALIA OF INDIAN PHLEBOTOMI.

(The sub-genital lamella is omitted in all the figures and the append-
ages have been denuded of fine hatrs.)

Fic. 1.—Male genitalia of Phlebotomus malabartcus.

Pie Dasa gers 5 a papatast.

en Bemete Ss; be re babu (cheetee removed).

Jo omy 1555 3 5 a ,, (extremity of dis-
tal joint, showing
the base of the
cheetze).

” 4.— ” ” ”) ” MAJOY.

Be SS BS aA perturbans.

Oat Ae AG 5 argentipes.

02S OM a a s himalayensis.

-Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol. IV, 1910. Plate VI.

a A

—

3ax 380.

Da.

5 pais.

7x 240

NUL ONO MLE VATU RS ge N CULILCID 2.
E. BRUNETTI.

Since the connection between mosquitoes and malaria was
definitely established a few years ago, numerous writers (medical,
anatomical, -biological, economical and so on,—practically every-
thing but dipterological) have appeared, probably attracted by the
economic aspect of the question. It is to be.regretted that hardly
any of these have possessed any general entomological knowledge,
and the natural consequence has arisen; the differences between
the various forms have been so grossly exaggerated taxonomically
that a few years more progress at the same rate might see the Culi-
cidee elevated to the rank of a Sub-kingdom, with classes, sub-
classes, orders and so on. The absurdity of even the present
state of things is so self-evident to everyone with a general know-
ledge of Diptera combined with some acquaintance with taxonomic
values in other orders also, that a serious protest seems imperative.

The critical observations contained herein are not intended
as any attack on what our American contemporaries amiably
designate ‘‘ mosquito sharps,’’ but as a real and earnest protest
against the utter disregard to zoological value and stability exhi-
bited in the creation, on characters often of quite minor importance,
of hosts of new ‘‘ genera’’ and even ‘‘ sub-families,’’ to say
nothing of species, the latter being a point on which opinion may
for the present be reserved.

Prof. Williston ‘is, so far as I am aware, the only systematic
dipterologist to endeavour to stem the tide of irresponsible additions
to the literature of this order,! but apparently with little success,
and it seems-incumbent on me to support dipterological opinion,
having associated myself, at least clerically, with the Culicide
of the Orient.

His most instructive paper should be carefully read by all,
because the whole subject is presented with the greatest moderation
yet with absolute conciseness, in spite of the present condition
of things in this family being calculated to cause considerable irmi-
tation to the systematist.

To quote a few of his more pertinent observations, it is im-
portant that of the present-day writers on mosquitoes nearly all are
non-dipterologists, ‘‘ some indeed, whose only papers on ento-
mology have been those proposing new subfamilies !

‘“ Their ignorance of related Diptera has more than once been
deplorably shown by writers on the Culicide ’’ and he observes
‘“no one is competent to discuss philosophically the classification
of any group of animal life, who is not well grounded in the principles
of taxonomy as applied to related animals,’’ for ‘‘ the mosquitoes

Can. Ent., xxxviii, 384.

”

! «¢ The Classification of the Culicide,

56 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

Corethring ; but in my.compilatory work, the Anopheline and
“Edeomyine were accorded sub-family rank, merely in deference
to specialists (as was distinctly stated in my reply to Messrs. Dyer
and Knab’s criticism of my Oriental Catalogue, Canviint «xis, 127).

These groups were presumably differentiated as follows : :
Anopheline, palpi longin @ and 2; Culicine, palpi long in @ short
in 9; Ldeomyine, palpi short in @ and 2; Corethrine, proboscis
short and not formed for biting, which separates this sub-family
from the other three.

No doubt the genera of intermediate nature efface the dividing
lines between these sub-families, which only supports the plea that
no true separation exists except between the Culicine and Coreth-
yin@é. Miss Mitchell echoes writers on mosquitoes only, in asking

‘why should the Corethrid: #@ be placed in Culicide,” and in referring
to both groups as ‘‘ heterogeneous elements.’

Replying to this it may be remarked that Corethra, to the
systematic dipterologist, has always been in Culicide, where, I main-
tain, it must most certainly still remain, as in its natural affinity.
To compare it with Szmulium is quite wrong, the two genera having
nothing incommon. Most of the workers in mosquitoes forget that
venation is one of the soundest characters in classification, and that
Corethra has a venation identical with Culex.

The absence in the former genus of the stiff proboscis formed
for piercing, characteristic of the Culicin@, does not necessitate
the elimination of the genus from Culicide.

Stomoxys and its allies have a stiff piercing proboscis, yet they
have been admitted till recently merely as a group of genera in the
sub-family Muscine.. In Girschner’s rearrangement of groups in
Muscide s. lato the Muscine sub-family is suppressed but Stomoxvs,
etc., are none the less afforded generic rank only, and incidentally
it may be noted that. with this new sequence of genera in Muscidee I
cannot possibly agree. Drymeia has also a_ stiff proboscis, yet
is merely an exceptionally structured genus of Anthomyide.

Other genera in other families could also be cited.

The methods of depositing the eggs, the anatomy of the
stomach, the minor characters: of the larve, and in fact, all the
features emphasized by Miss Mitchell, would be regarded by sys-
tematic dipterologists as subservient to, for instance, venation, and
any bodily structure in the adult of a much higher nature than the
variation of organs known to be subject to the greatest differen-
tiations.

To borrow again from Williston’s article, ‘‘ The three or four
new families that have been proposed in recent years, all of them
with more distinctive characters than the Corethrine possess, have
been unanimously rejected by dipterologists.’’

Besides, many of the points urged by Miss Mitchell are flatly
denied shortly afterwards by Mr. F. Knab, in the same Journal
(Can. Ent., xxxix, 340).

Mr. Knab’s reply to Miss Mitchell’s article calls for little
comment here as it mainly consists of refutations or doubts of

1910. | E. BRUNETTI: Taxonomic values in Culicide. 57

the statements made by the latter author concerning the life history
of various Culicide as compared with species of Chironomide,
Psychodide and Dixa. As Iam personally unacquainted with the
earlier stages of any of these genera, it would be presumption to
decide ‘‘ when doctors disagree,’’ but I have seen no reply to Mr.
Knab on the subject, and his facts appear well founded.

Regarding Dixa, it has always been regarded as somewhat
abnormal; to me personally it appears intermediate between
Tipulide and Culicidee.

The excuse for the erection of such a number of new genera,
and the splitting up of the Culicide into several sub-families, is
usually the unwieldiness of the genera, which otherwise would
contain such a large number of species in each.

As it is well known to be a common thing for students to deter-
mine the species first, and discover its genus afterwards, the in-
stability of most of the genera is surely emphasized, as the present
writer never heard of this method of determination being followed
in any other group.

Moreover it is entirely wrong, scientifically, to consider that
the presence of a large number of species in any genus is sufficient
justification for dividing it into several others and according them
equal value. A genus, as Prof. Williston truthfully says, should
be something more than a second name for a species, or a cogno-
men established for convenience’ sake only. ‘‘ A genus is a concept ”’
is written in the late Baron Osten Sacken’s handwriting, inside
the covers of his hand-copy of Aldrich’s Catalogue of North American
Diptera (now in the possession of the Indian Museum), and it should
have a real zoological value and significance ; all genera throughout
the animal kingdom being theoretically more or less on the same
plane of systematic value. Personally, I object to all classification
which is not as nearly as possible a natural one, and purely artificial
groups should at the very outside attain only the rank of sub-
genera,!

The plea of the unwieldiness of extensive genera cannot be
upheld, as the systematist is quite accustomed to such genera.
In the first five volumes of the Catalogue of Diptera now in process
of publication by Prof. Kertesz, are to be found numerous such
genera, with approximately the following number of species each:
Mycetophila 190, Sciara 460, Chironomus 320, Culex 182 (up to 1920),
Cecidomyia 180, Dasyneura 160, Tipula 310, Odontomyia 160,
Chrysops 150, Pangonia 180, Anthrax 460, Exoprosopa 230, Bomby-
lius 240, Asilus 260, Promachus 150, Laphria 230, in addition to
nearly twenty others with a little over or a little under 100 species
in each ; the whole triumphantly capped by the gigantic genus

1 An objection to ‘‘ preliminary descriptions,’’ often of a few lines or words
only, may suitably be here recorded. It seems doubtful whether priority can
justly be claimed in such cases, the full descriptions being often long delayed ;
though I recognise the awkwardness of the situation in deciding whether a ‘ pre-
liminary ’’ description is of sufficient length to stand good or not.

58 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV, 19f0.]

Tabanus with 912, a genus in which over and over again abortive
attempts have been made to dismember it successfully.

The real cause of the undue inflation into genera of what
should be merely groups of species, and the elevation of a few of
such so-called genera into sub-family rank isthe general absence of
knowledge of the other families in Diptera in the present-day writers
on Culicide. Williston has already been quoted on this subject.

Therefore, in his remark that ‘‘ triviality has reached its limits
(referring to the slender characters on which so many genera have in
recent years been established), I cannot but entirely concur: this
without any individual reproach to workers in mosquitoes, many
of whom have been most courteous to me personally.

It is almost certain that a wider knowledge of the accepted
zoological value of such terms as ‘“‘ family,’’ ‘‘ sub-family,’’
‘“* genus,’’ etc., would convince them of the grossly exaggerated
value attributed by them to what the systematic dipterologist
would term quite secondary characters.

In short, if any culicidologist would have the patience, before
making new genera and sub-families, to read up some of the syste-
matic dipterological literature of the last 60 or 80 years, more
especially the tables of genera in the various families of Diptera,
contained in Schiner’s Fauna Austriaca (than which no better
standard work on the order has ever been issued)! he would find the
greatest varieties of forms, not only in antenne, palpi, genital organs,
exterior covering (whether scales, hairs, bristles, spines or other-
wise), proportionate parts of the body and so on, but in venation
also; all this in the same family, yet in spite of the hundreds of
new species erected yearly, all attempts to create new families and
sub-families on slender characters meet with strenuous opposition.

It may be remarked here, although the subject will be treated
more fully in the forthcoming Supplement to my Catalogue, that
recent writers on this family appear to depart deliberately from
biological precedence in the methods of presenting the results of
their studies to others, with the result that the consultation of their
writings is unnecessarily rendered materially more difficult. This
is chiefly in their method of quoting from other authors; in the
indices, and the undue prominence given to the @ .

In the present paper however the only object has been to call
attention to the instability of the great bulk of the generic and
higher divisions recently proposed in this family.

>”

1 The examination of these tables alone forms, perhaps, the most compres
hensive yet concise method of obtaining a rapid insight into the principles of
classification in this order. They may be with advantage supplemented by the
equivalent tables relating to North American genera, contained in Prof. Williston’s
admirable manual ‘* North American Diptera,’’ 2nd Ed.

Me wer VES ONe oO bt HE OR PRN? AL BIT, OOD -
Seer G MUS CID A -(SFONtOX FN Z
PHiLE aw MAEOM Y TA. Suse. AND
PRES TREY NCH OMA [A .

GEN. NOV.).

By E. BRUNETTI.

In the present paper, sixteen species are regarded as probably
distinct, belonging to the group Stomoxine. I have also estab-
lished a new genus Pristivhynchomyia, with one species, allied to
Mr. Austen’s recently created genus Philematomyza.

These latter two genera certainly belong to the group of genera
immediately approximate to Musca, whatever this group may
be called. The arrangement of genera in Muscide in the 3rd
volume of the Palzearctic Catalogue contains several associations
with which I can hardly concur ; especially the placing of the genus
Musca itself in Anthomyide, and the abolition of Oestridee as a
family.

Two genera not yet found in the Orient are included amongst
these descriptions, that they may be recognised should they occur
here.

One (He@matobosca, Bezzi) is European, and may occur in the
Himalayas or in North-West India ; the other (Slygeromyia, Aust.)
is African, and might easily be imported through the agency of
cattle traffic.

That the species are generally closely related to each other is
easily realised by the number of synonyms even amongst the few
European species. Stomoxys calcitrans, 1,., has been described seven-
teen or eighteen times, Hematobia stiinulans, Mg., possessing six
synonyms and Lyperosia irritans, I,., a comparatively uncommon
species, two.

I have little doubt of the specific distinctness of all the forms
described in this paper, with the exception of the genus S/omoxys,
of which a considerable amount of further study seems imperative.

At times it has even occurred to me that all the so-called species
from the East could almost be comprised under three typical
forms, which may be termed calcitrans, L.., indica, Picard, and a
species with a distinctively formed fore tarsus in the @ (the only
sex known)—/udlla, Aust.

For this reason I cannot feel satisfied with the table of species
in Stomoxys, and in this genus the present article must be regarded
as more preparatory than conclusive.

60 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoE. IV2

It may be noted here that some confusion may possibly arise,
and erroneous deductions arrived at by a misunderstanding, as to
whether the width of the frons is measured across the vertex or
across the middle.

Mr. Austen, in his paper dealing with these genera measures
along the vertex, but I have always adopted the second course,
taking its average width, ignoring the widening at the vertex and
towards the frontal triangle ; or in other words I have regarded its
width as the distance between two perpendicular lines drawn so as
to touch the greatest length of eye margins.

My thanks are due to Prof. Bezzi for some valuable notes on
Lyperosia and Hematobosca and especially to Mr. E. E. Austen for
information, respecting Lyperosia minuta and L. exigua, enabling
me to avoid describing both species again as new. ‘The former
I knew only from four specimens (African) in indifferent condition ;
the latter from the description only, in which, be it noted, no men-
tion is made of the conspicuous long hairs on the hind tarsi in theo’.
As my descriptions of both species have been drawn up from a
good series of both sexes of each species, I allow them to remain
as redescriptions of minuta and exigua; the original descriptions
of these two species not always being accessible.

In connection with studies on this group, the following papers
may be consulted :—

rt. E. E. Austen. A monograph of the Tsetse flies (Glossina).
London, British Museum (1903).

2. K. Griinberg. ‘‘ Uber blutsaugende Musciden,”’ Zoologis-
cher Anzeiger, xxx, 78 (1906).

3. M. Bezzi. ‘‘ Die Gattungen der blutsaugenden Musciden,’’
Zeits. Hymen. v. Dipt., 1907, p. 413.

4. M. Bezzi. ‘‘Mosche ematofaghe,’’ Rend. Istit. lomb. di
Scie lett... 1Q07-) Pp: 1453-

5. E. E. Austen. ‘‘ New genera and species of blood-sucking
Muscide from the Ethiopian and Oriental Regions,
in the British Museum,’’ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), ii,
285 (1909).

6. KE. E. Austen. Illustrations of African blood-sucking
flies, other than mosquitoes and tsetse flies. London,
British Museum (1909).

Table of genera in STOMOXINE.

A Arista plumose above and below.
I. Ist and 3rd longitudinal veins at base bare.

Apical part of 4th vein quite straight.

Ist posterior cell rather narrowly open.

Body generally more slender (Lyperosza-like).

Palpi comparatively less spatulute.

Arista with comparatively fewer hairs below H@matobosca,'
Bezzi.

| Not yet recorded from the Orient, but occurs in Italy.

IgI0. |

E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 61

Ist and 3rd longitudinal veins at base bare.

Apical part of 4th vein not straight, but less curved than in
Hematobia.

Ist posterior cell broadly open.

Body generally stouter (Stomoxys-like).

Palpi comparatively more spatulate at tips.

Arista with comparatively more hairs below, Ldellolarynx,

Aust.

Ist and 3rd longitudinal veins with a few minute bristles
at their bases.

Apical part of 4th vein much curved (as in Stomoxys).

Ist posterior cell broadly open.

Body generally stouter (Stomoxys-like).

Palpi comparatively less spatulate at tips.

Arista with comparatively less hairs below, Hematobia,

Rob. Desv.
Arista plumose above only.
Palpi much shorter than proboscis.
(3rd longitudinal vein bristly at base) Stomoxys, Geoff.

Palpi always approximately as long as proboscis.

Apical part of 4th vein quite straight.

3rd longitudinal vein with minute bristles at base.

Ist posterior cell rather narrowly open.

Proboscis not tapering ; palpi clavate at tips.

Body chiefly Stomoxys-like.

Sternopleural bristles black, Stygeromyia,! Aust.

Apical part of 4th vein with distinct curve, as in Stomoxys
and Hematobia.

3rd longitudinal vein at base bare.

Ist posterior cell rather broadly open.

Proboscis gently tapering from base to tip; palpi not
clavate at tips.

Sternopleural bristles distinctly yellow, Lyperosia, Rond.

HAMATOBOSCA, Bezzi, 1907.
Zeits. Hym. Dipt., 414.

This genus may be characterised thus: Body more slender
than in Hematobia; palpi as long as proboscis ; arista with some
hairs below; 3rd longitudinal vein bare at base; 4th, as a whole,
considerably curved (in comparison with that of Lyferosia) ; Ist
posterior cell rather narrowly open.

I add a description of this genus to my paper, although it is
not yet known from the East, because it may easily occur in the
northern part of India.

1 Not yet recorded from the Orient, but occurs in Arabia.

62 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.EVs

The typical (and only) species is atripalpis, Bezzi, Bull. So.
Ent. Ital., xxvii, 60 (1895) (H@matobia), described from Italy.

Austen’s recently erected genus bdellolarynx is very closely
allied.

BDELLOLARYNX, Austen, 1900.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), iii, 290.

‘““Small, stoutly built, thick-set flies, closely allied to
Hematobia, R.D., but distinguishable as follows :—No sexual colour-
dimorphism (unless it be in wings); front, facial angles, and
anterior margin of buccal cavity less prominent ; jowls descending
considerably behind, instead of nearly horizontal, but basi-
occipital region much less protuberant ; bristles below facial angles
small and fine, instead of relatively coarse; in @ front wider
with upper inner margins of eyes more nearly parallel, less ap-
proximate in middle of front ; arista feathered above with consider-
ably longer hairs, and below with about six fairly long hairs ; Ist
and 3rd longitudinal veins entirely bare, without bristles at base.’’
The cheetotaxy is as follows: Humeral bristles 2; post-humeral
I; notopleural 2; presutural 1; supra-alar I; intra-alar 1; post-
alar 2; dorso-central 5 (2 in front of and 3 behind suture, may be
difficult to distinguish, especially in @ ) ; inner dorso-central I (some-
times 2 in @); scutellar 4 (1 preebasal, 1 basal, 1 discal, situated
close to lateral margin, I apical); mesopleural about Io or 12;
sternopleural I : I.

‘* Bdellolarynx is distinguished from Hematobosca, Bezzi,
by the palpi being much more spatulate at the tips, by the arista
having a greater number of hairs below, and, in the wing, by the
shape of the Ist posterior cell and the course of the terminal portion
of the 4th longitudinal vein (in Hematobosca the latter details are
the same as in Stygeromyia, Aust.). Typical species, B. sanguino-
lentus, sp. nov.’’

Bdellolarynx sanguinolentus, Aust., 1909.
ocx cits, 200.

o 2. India, Ceylon, Assam. Long.o 43-5 mm. ; 2? 33-44 mm.

‘“ Mouse-grey or slate-grey, clothed with short black hair,
bristles also black ; palpi buff; dorsum of thorax with a pair of
extremely narrow, widely separated, parallel, longitudinal ad-
median blackish stripes, a somewhat triangular blackish mark
extending backwards from inner end of each humeral callus, and
an elongate blackish streak in a line with latter mark behind
transverse suture (two outer marks less distinct in ¢ ); dorsum of
abdomen with a narrow, interrupted, longitudinal, median, clove-
brown stripe, and, on 2nd and 3rd segments, paired transverse,
roughly triangular, clove-brown blotches, the pair on 2nd segment
especially large. Wings hyaline or tinged with tawny olive ing,
hyaline in 2 ; femora greyish clove-brown, extreme tips ochraceous

IgI0. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 63

buff, one or more pairs sometimes more or less brownish except at
base, tarsi dark brown.’’

Types in the British Museum; @ captured by me at Calcutta,
8-11-09; @ from Mussoorie, ix-o6 [Howlett]. Other specimens in
the British Museum from Allahabad, 6-x-05 [Howlett]; Sylhet,
13-iv-05 [Hall]; and Henaratgova and Haldumulla (both Ceylon),
7-iiand I4-vi-92 respectively [| Yerbury]. Inthe Indian Museum are
_3 @¢@ from Tharbani, Nepal, 27-ii-o8; and from the base of

the Dawna Hills, Lower Burma, 2-iii-o8 [Annandale]; 37 ~ from
Bandra (Bombay Presidency) ‘‘ hovering in slaughter house,”’
28-xi-09 [Hodgart]; and one 2 from Maddathorai (base of Western
Ghats, Travancore, 17-xi-o8 [Annandale]. I have a #7 in my own
collection taken by me in Calcutta, 18-ii-o5. Both Dr. Annandale
and the Museum Collector Mr. Hodgart have noticed the apparent
habit in the males of this species of hovering, an unusual practice
of the members of this subfamily, although I have occasionally
noticed it in Stomoxys calcitrans.

N.B.—Although the specimen forming the type of this genus
was taken by me I was unaware of its generic difference from
Stomoxys at the time of capture.

HAMATOBIA, Rob. Desv., 1830.
Essai sur les Myod., 388.

Original description.—** Palpi elongati, ultra epistoma porrecti,
interdum apice dilatati ; apud quasdam species, tarsi postici externé
serrati.’’

This genus was first split off from Stomoxys by Robineau
Desvoidy for those species in which the palpi are as long as the pro-
boscis, in contradistinction to calcitvans with its very short slender
palpi. The author added that the palpi are sometimes a little
dilated at the tip, and that in some species the hind tarsi (‘* tarses
posterieurs ’’) were serrated. He only included four species, all
from France. Of these, two (ferox and geniculata) are synonymous
with stimulans, Mg., and another (serrata) is synonymous with
ivvitans, 1,., a species for which Rondani erected the genus Lyferosia,
The remaining species, ¢zbialis, still stands good as distinct and
remains in Hematobia.

From the more restricted point of view, the characters of
Hematobia are: (1) the presence of minute but distinct (though
easily broken off) bristles at the base of both the Ist and 3rd longitu-
dinal veins, this being the only genus in which these bristles
appear on the Ist longitudinal vein ; (2) the arista being plumose
below as well as above ; (3) the palpi, which are practically as long
as the proboscis; (4) the well-curved apical part of the 4th longitu-
dinal vein (as in Stomoxys, to which genus the present species bear
considerable resemblance in size and shape) ; (5) the broadly open
Ist posterior cell. Lesser characters may be gleaned from my table
of genera.

64 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL2 EV,

Table of Oriental species.

Legs all black, except base of tibize

pale a .. sanguisugens, Aust.,o.
Posterior femora wholly pale =<. i74ipcs-sp. now.

Hematobia sanguisugens, Aust., 1909.
Ann. Mag. } Nat. Hist. (8), iti, 288.

gy. Himalayas. Long. 5h 4-6 mm.

‘* Olivaceous-grey, or brownish grey, with clove-brown mark-
ings ; dorsum of thorax with 2 pairs of clove-brown longitudinal
stripes (outer stripes broader and widely interrupted at transverse
suture), anda less sharply defined median stripe ; dorsum of abdo-
men with a clove-brown median longitudinal stripe, extending
from front margin of 2nd to beyond middle of 4th segment, narrowly
interrupted before hind margins of 2nd and 3rd segments, a pair of
transversely elongate dusky blotches on Ist segment, a pair of large
clove-brown spots on 2nd segment and a pair of similar but smaller
spots on 3rd segment ; wings slightly infuscated, light sepia coloured ;
legs ploy brow n, bases of tibize ochraceous- buff. 2

The types of this species are in the British Museum taken
at Kasauli, Punjab (W. Himalayas), ‘‘on cows’’ [Lt.-Col. F.
Wyville Thomson}. ‘* The flies sucked the animals, and their abdo-
mens became distended with blood. I have never noticed them
biting man.’’ Mr. Austen compares his species to the European
H. stimulans of Meigen, distinguishing it by ‘‘ its usually somewhat
smaller size (average length of 6 #7 @, 5°75 mm.), by the median
dark dorsal stripe on the abdomen being practically continuous
throughout its extent instead of widely interrupted before reaching
the hind margins of the 2nd and 3rd segments, by the 4th abdominal
segment in the ~ being always without a pair of dorsal spots,
and by the rst longitudinal vein being either entirely bare or having
at most one or two minute bristles, instead of a row of bristles con-

spicuous under a strong lens when viewed at a low angle from the
direction of the hind margin of the wing.’’

N.B.—One o& in the Indian Museum, taken 10-vili-og by
Mr. Paiva at Darjiling (7,000 ft.), agrees almost perfectly with
Mr. Austen’s description. Incidentally, I may note that, previous
to reading of his species, I had marked this specimen as a variety
of stimulans. Mr. Austen however mentions six specimens that
show consistency in the markings. The lesser size I do not value
as a specific character as I have noticed that Oriental specimens of
very common European species appear to be generally undersized.
The intrinsic value of the minute spines on the bases of the Ist
and 3rd longitudinal veins, when present, is also, to my thinking,
much less than some writers have considered it.

Ig10.] E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 65

H. stimulans may quite possibly occur in Northern India ;
this species, if found, should be recognisable by the differences from
sanguisugens given above.

Hematobia rufipes, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Himalayas, Nepal. Tong. 4-5 mm.

Head. Frons one-third width of head, yellowish grey, with a
broad dull bare stripe. Ocellar triangle with two pairs of small
bristles above and a pair of strong ones below.

Fronto-orbital bristles 9, the upper 4 placed rather out of the
straight line, slightly irregularly, the lower 5 normal and well curved
inwards.

Face whitish grey, with the usual bristles about the mouth.
Antenne blackish, arista with 7 long hairs above, and 5 below.
Palpi reddish yellow, with black bristles, which are more numerous
at the tip. Proboscis wholly shining black, slightly longer than
palpi. Back of head grey, occipital orbit normally fringed with
bristles.

Thorax. Dorsum yellowish brown, with a broad median grey
stripe from anterior margin to beyond the middle ; this stripe edged
with a dark brown but not sharply-defined line. "Towards the margin
of the dorsum the colour is much browner. Humeri grey. The
median grey stripe appears blackish, if viewed from behind. The
whole of the sides of the thorax uniformly blackish grey, with minute
sparse black pubescence. Scutellum brownish yellow, with minute
pubescence, two strong spiny bristles towards each side. The two
apical bristles are broken off, but appear to be strong. Chetotaxy.
Humeral bristles 3 (one or more sometimes weaker) ; post-
humeral 1; presutural 1; noto-pleural 2; supra-alar 2; intra-
alar 1; post-alar 1; meso-pleural 10, the uppermost placed just
below the hindermost noto-pleural ; sterno-pleural 1: 1. The dorso-
central bristles not very conspicuous, apparently I before, 3 or 4
behind suture and a hindermost very strong one.

Abdomen. Yellowish grey ; a narrow median black stripe ;
each segment mainly occupied by a pair of large blackish spots
of irregular shape. Whole dorsum covered with soft hairs. Belly
grey.

Legs. Reddish yellow. Fore femora (except extreme tips),
tips of hind femora, and the tarsi, blackish. Fore femora with
rows of long stiff hairs on outer and lower sides ; middle femora
with 2 curved hairs above, at tip ; hind femora with a few longish
hairs above at tip, one below. Middle tibiae with 2 or 3 bristles
at tip, hind tibize with one bristle behind, at tip. Legs minutely
pubescent.

Wings clear, outer cross-vein nearly straight. Tegule yellow-
ish ; halteres yellow.

Described from 2 2 2 in the Indian Museum. Darjiling

(6,000 ft.), 29-ix-08 [Brunetti , tvpe| ; and Noalpur, Nepal, 23-11-08.

66 Records of the Indian Museum. { Vor. ave

STOMOXYS, Geoff., 1764.

Hust: Desens. s11yc538:
See also Sch. F. Aust. (Dipt.), i, 577 (1862).

The genus Stomoxys, Geoff., as understood by the older authors,
and as described by Schiner, included both stimulans, Mg. (now
referred to Hematobia), and trritans, I,. (now placed in Lyferosia).
Both these latter species were primarily split off from Stomoxvs,
under the name H@matobia, Rob. Desv., on the strength of the palpi
being as long as the proboscis.

Some discussion has arisen as to whether the name Stomoxys,
Geoff., or Szphona, Mg., should stand for the present genus. ‘Two
recent authorities,—Speiser (Zeits. f. wiss. Insek., i, 461) and
Bezzi, both in his ‘* Mosche ematofaghe ’’ (Rend. Istit. lomb. (2),
xl, 17) and in the 3rd volume of the new Palearctic Catalogue ,—
have replaced Stomoxys by Siphona, Mg.

I am glad to see that Mr. Austen (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),
x1x, 445) has deprecated the change, giving full and satisfactory
reasons for supporting the continuance of the name Stomoxys for the
present genus.

The following generic description is founded on that of Schiner,
with the elimination of such characters as only apply to the more
recently established genera, and the addition of other distinctive

characters which appear to be, in the restricted sense of the genus,
generically consistent.

STOMOXYS, Geoff.
(Redescription.)

Medium-sized, grey flies, one species (calcitrans) being one
of the common ‘‘ house flies.’’

Head semi-circular, somewhat flattened in front; epistome
nearly straight, nearly bare ; buccal cavity hardly prominent, with
a row of strong spines each side ; cheeks rather narrow, descending
only a little below the eyes.

Front in o narrow, in @ about one-third the width of the
head, the exact dimensions in both sexes varying in different species,
and (within narrow limits) sometimes in the same species. In both
sexes a row of about 7 tronto-orbital bristles, which in the @ are
augmented by smaller ones on the upper part of the frons placed
nearer to the eyes. Eyes bare.

Antennee recumbent, moderate in size, Ist joint very small,
2nd distinct, with a few short bristles, 3rd about three times the
length of the 2nd. Arista plumose on upper side only, with about
8 to 10 long, well separated hairs of (after the first one or two)
gradually decreasing length nearly to the tip, these hairs being
very slightly curved, but seldom bisinuate. Proboscis horizontal,
very prominent, of hard chitinous material, considerably thicker
on basal part, narrowing gradually to tip ; labella very small. Palpi

IQIO. | E. BRUNETTI: Blood-sucking Muscide. 67

cylindrical, narrow, small, much shorter than proboscis, often
inconspicuous through lying flat against the epistome.

Thorax a little longer than broad, of the average Muscid type,
with macrochetee,! and minute bristly hairs.

Abdomen ovato-conical, moderately arched, generally marked
with infuscated spots, a dorsal stripe, or transverse darker bands.
Legs of moderate size and length, minutely pubescent, with a
few stronger bristles ; inner side of middle tibiae bare. Wings of
the typical Muscid venation, resembling that of Cyrtoneura stabu-
lans, F. (also a ‘‘ common house fly ’’’), except that the 4th longi-
tudinal vein is bent upwards in a sharper curve after passing the
inner transverse vein, thus leaving the Ist posterior cell rather
broadly open ; 3rd longitudinal vein with some distinct but minute
bristles at its base.

The metamorphoses occur in decaying vegetable matter, horse-
dung and similar substances. Both sexes in the adult suck blood,
including, occasionally, that of man, but they are especially irri-
tating to horses and cattle. The genus is probably world-wide, or
at least wherever civilised man is found.

Table of Oriental species of STOMOXYS.

A Fore tarsus normal.

B Abdominal segments without
bands, but with two distinct
(often ill-defined) spots on
at-“least the -2nd :and> 3rd
segments. Tibize pale at
base only.

Frons in @ 4 width of head ;
in 9 4.

D Thorax with 4 well-defined
(but variable) stripes, never
divided. Width of frons
jing din 9.. :

DD Thorax with 4 oblong large
spots, each more or _ less
divided. Width of frons
(presumably) neither + nor
+ as sex iS given as
doubtful oF .. plurinotata, Big.

CC Frons in @ + (9 unknown).

Tibize with basal half pale,
middle pair apparently
wholly so abe .. oblongopunctata, sp. nov., @.

J} The chetotaxy of S. calcitvans is fully described under the heading of
that species rather than under that of Stomovys, as I do not wish to suggest
that that particular arrangement of bristles is necessarily generic, not being
acquainted with the chetotaxy of species from other parts of the world, that
is to say of species which must obviously remain in this genus. The chetotavy of
at any rate all the species I have seen is uniform.

calcitrans,L., 7 @.

68 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL.. EV;

CCC Frons in 7 ito ¢ (2? 2 un-
known).
EK Frons shining white ; abdom-
inal marks as in calcitrans
(2? Oriental) sitvens, Rond., o.
EE Frons quite dark; 2nd, 3rd,
and 4th abdominal segments
each with two black marks
in the shape of elongated
triangles a .. tmangularis, sp. nov., o&.
BB Abdominal segments with a
distinct black band on,
at least, hind margins.
F Frons comparatively wide, 14
to rather wider than +.
G Frons 4; tibiz pale at base
only ; transverse dark band
at base of 2nd and 3rd
segments as well as on hind
margins .. bengalensis, Picard,@ 2.
GG Frons_ rather wider than +;
anterior tibie and tarsi pale ;
no band at bases of segments ;
2nd segment wholly clove-
brown or nearly so (2 un-

known) Aa .. pusilla, Aust., 7
FF Frons narrow, +} to ¢; tibie
wholly pale ae n 2 \undica, Picard, o'9..

AA Fore tarsus in o with Ist joint
fringed on inside with a
row of hairs of equal length
(2 unknown) .. pula. AuStic

N.b.—The above table of species is by no means satisfactory
to me as sufficiently distinguishing them, but in the present un-
certain knowledge as to the limits of each, it is the best that
I can offer.

Stomoxys calcitrans, I,., 1761.
Fauna Suec., Ed. ti, 467 (Conops).

N.6.—For the numerous descriptions of this species under
the specific name calcitrans, see the recent Catalogue of Palearctic
Diptera, vol. iii, p. 611.

A list of the various synonyms of calcitrans is appended.

pungens, DeGeer, 1776, Ins., vi, 78 (Musca 1d.).

tessellata, Bo T7045 Bat Sys iV, 395-

1d., 1805. ae Ant 32 81

1 As noted under the debe of this species, I cannot specifically distin-
guish /imbata, Austen, from indica, Picard.

IQI0. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 69

aculeata, Rob. Desv., 1830, Myod., 386.

diva, id., ta. 387.

infesta, id., ibe 387.

minuca, td., tae 387.

pungens, va., 1d. 386.

sugillatrix , Tas. id., 386.

aurifactes , 1d. , 1863, Hist. Nat.d? Dipt.4u, 607; 9.
chrysocephala, 1d., tae, 604.
claripenms , td., id., 604, &.
cunctans , id., td., OG75 oP
flavescens , td., TC a 605, o.
minuta , ad., Tas, 606, 2.
precox, id., td., 608, @.
vubrifrons , vd. ad., 606, o.
vulnerans , 1d. d., 605. 725
aculeata , Mcq., 1835, Suites a Buff., 11, 242.

pungens, dd., Las, 242.

pungens, Mg., 1838, Sys. Besch., iv, 170.

> libatrix, Rob. Desv., 1830, Myod., 387.

(Redescription.)

Head. o. Frons one-fourth width of head; grey, yellowish
grey or slightly bluish grey. A very wide frontal stripe appearing
from above almost velvet-black, thus leaving only very narrow eye-
margins. Generally, this black stripe has a greyish V-shaped piece cut
out of its upper end, which lighter space encloses the ocellar triangle,
which latter is small, and touches the absolute vertex ; and bears,
just above the lower ocellus, two pairs of bristles (the lower pair
the larger). There are also 4 other pairs close together (all 6 pairs
forming one double row) on the upper part of the triangle, the
uppermost pair being on the extreme vertex. Seen from below, the
black frontal stripe is invisible, the whole frons and face appearing
white, or yellowish white. Fronto-orbital bristles, about 15, the
upper part of the row not always placed uniformly. ‘wo pairs of
vertical bristles as usual. Eyes black, absolutely bare. Antenne
blackish, 3rd joint more or less vellowish grey, 2nd joint with
several small bristles and 1 or 2 long ones ; arista with 8-9 bristles
and minute pubescence on basal half above ; thickened at base, where
it is often yellowish. Face white or yellowish white, covered with
close, microscopic tomentum. Mouth opening similar, with the
usual strong bristles on each side. Palpi small, reddish yellow, with
a few short black bristles. Proboscis shining black, quite bare,
tapering from base to tip. Back of head generally more or less
bluish grey, with very short pubescence.

In the ? the fronto-orbital bristles are less strong and less
regular, generally rather less in number, and on the upper part
of the frons there is a short extra row each side, placed nearer the
eye margin, sometimes also with additional irregularly placed small
bristles. In all other respects the 2 head is similar to that of the ~.

70 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

Thorax. Ground colour varying from yellowish grey to whitish
grey. Seen from in front, a dorsal pair of moderately narrow,
well separated stripes, which are normally mummy-brown, but
vary sometimes to the extent of being nearly blackish. These
stripes extend from the anterior margin nearly to the posterior
one. On the outer side of each stripe is a similar stripe, distinctly
interrupted at the suture, in front of which it becomes sometimes of
a thickened cigar shape, placed diagonally, pointing to the humerus,
sometimes it retains its direct direction forwards as a continuation
of the portion behind the suture. It often also takes the form of an
irregularly shaped spot. At the posterior ends of these dorsal
stripes are two irregular black patches, immediately in front of the
scutellum. Towards the side of the dorsum, just above the wing,
is a concolorous brown streak, sometimes distinct enough to form
a short third stripe.

Viewed from behind, the dorsal space between the two median
lines appears much lighter, varying from light grey to even quite
whitish. Scutellum concolorous with thoracic dorsum, generally
with an irregular mummy-brown triangle at base. Chetotaxy.
Humeral bristles 3, post-humeral 1 (weak), presutural 1, noto-
pleural 2, dorso-central with only the hindermost in each row really
strong ; a distinctly less strong one in front of it, whilst the remainder
are barely larger than the small bristles dispersed generally over the
whole dorsum, but there is usually a single moderately strong one
just in front of the suture. Two moderate sized inner dorso-central
bristles. Of the side bristles, there are 4 placed above the wing
more or less in the shape of a diamond, all of which I should be dis-
posed to term supra-alar, or possibly 3 supra-alar and I postalar.

The mesopleura bears a hinder row of about 12, diminishing
in size from above downwards except that the strongest ones are
generally the 2nd and 3rd, or the 3rd and 4th. Some long stiff hairs
on front part of mesopleura. Sternopleura with a strong bristle on
upper hind corner, a strong one on lower hind corner, in company
with some shorter comparatively strong ones, but which are much
longer than the very small bristles covering the whole sternopleura
and, to a greater or less extent, the whole of the side of the thorax.

Scutellum with a strong basal bristle each side, near margin,
with a less strong preebasal one in front, and the usual apical pair
which are very strong. Occasionally a pair of bristles correspond-
ing to dorsal macrochete stand out a little stronger than the
microchetze covering dorsum of thorax and scutellum, but in most
specimens they are by no means obvious.

Abdomen. Normally (and generally) yellowish grey ; some-
times much more yellowish, at least on the dorsum ; sometimes
approaching slate-grey, either wholly or towards the sides of the
segments ; seen from behind at a low angle, sometimes quite whitish.
The markings, although following a general plan, are very variable.
In what may be regarded as the typical form, there are on both the
2nd and 3rd segments, a basal mark in the shape of a moderately
wide short dorsal stripe, which reaches to about the middle of the

1gIo. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 71

segment, where it is sometimes cut off sharply and squarely, some-
times drawn out to a distinct point, sometimes fading away
indistinctly. There is a pair of more or less circular spots of
moderate size placed on the posterior margins, each midway be-
tween the middle line and the side border. On the 4th segment is
a single, more or less triangular basal mark, sometimes small, or
indistinct, or occasionally absent. All these marks are vandyke-
brown in colour, occasionally approaching clove-brown. These prin-
cipal markings can be seen most distinctly from above, or a little
in front, often appearing blurred or almost invisible if viewed
from behind. What I should call the secondary markings, are
irregular, almost Sarcophaga-like reflections, often invisible when
viewed from certain directions; of a pale greenish grey colour.
They take the form of an irregular elongated spot each side, often
connected by the colour extending along the posterior margin of the
segment ; and a pair of comparatively large, more or less circular
spots on the 4th segment, these latter spots being present in the
majority of examples.

The whole abdomen is shortly pubescent with short soft black
hairs, which are little thicker on the shoulders, and a little longer
and stronger on the posterior margins, and over the dorsum of the
4th segment.

When it comes to describe varieties, the difficulties as to the
limits of the species are very apparent. Practically I regard as
probable varieties of this species, all fotms which partake of the
above pattern or any reasonable variation of it, this variation being
considered to be of very wide limits.

The short dorsal stripes on segments 2 and 3 occasionally form
an unbroken stripe, extending to the base of the 4th segment. In
one form they are very short, and the usual circular spots become
quite elongated and narrow ; whilst in another variety there is a
pair of additional similar brown nearly circular spots in front of the
main pair, and placed on the base of segments 2 and 3. ‘here is
often a pair of very narrow spots on the Ist segment, sometimes
united into a transverse narrow line. In some examples the ordi-
nary brown circular spots on segments 2 and 3 are united by the col-
our extending narrowly along the posterior margin; sometimes
bordering the basal margin of these two segments also. In another
variety, well marked in its more pronounced form, the dorsal stripe
is expanded on both base and posterior margin, on which latter
it is often considerably widened and joined to the two spots, thus
somewhat approaching bengalensis, Picard.

It must be remembered that the extreme base of each segment
is shining black, but that this is only visible when the segments
are abnormally drawn out, and that in a normal state, the black
colour is covered by the posterior margin of the preceding segment.

Belly generally concolorous, with short, somewhat sparse black
pubescence, without conspicuous markings.

Legs. Blackish, minutely pubescent ; femora, and sometimes
tibia also, more or less with greyish reflections. Fore femora

72 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL EYs

with a row of bristles above from middle to tip, diminishing in size,
a row on outer side on basal half, replaced towards the tip by
moderately soft, rather long hairs; a row of about 16 to 18 com-
paratively strong bristles on under side, extending the whole length
of the femur, and equalin size. Middle femora with some bristles,
lying rather flat, on front side; two contiguous, moderately strong,
slightly curved bristles above, near tip, and a row of bristly hairs
on under side. Hind pair with a row of bristles on front side, a
single curved bristle below near tip. Knees tawny, the colour ex-
tending sometimes over the whole basal half of some of the tibie ;
tips of tibie with 2 or 3 short spines. ‘Tarsi blackish, under side
with a little gold-yellow pubescence, which is sometimes lightly
present on inner side of anterior tibiz. Pulvilli dirty white.

Wings. Practically clear, but in the o» sometimes slightly
tinged with brown on basal and front parts; Ist posterior cell
widely open, the 4th vein forming a well rounded loop at the bend
upwards ; apical portion gently curved. Outer cross-vein normally
with one gentle inward curve, variable, at times nearly straight,
or nearly bisinuate. Tegule vellowish white.

Described from a long series of specimens of both sexes in the
Indian Museum collection and my own, and also from European
specimens. It is practically one of the world-wide species that
occurs wherever civilised man is found, and in at least the East
it is apparently present all the year round in every locality. Actual
dates would therefore be of little significance. It is in the Indian
Museum collection from Gangtok (Sikhim), Sylhet, Kurseong
(Darjiling), Mussoorie, Simla, Calcutta, Port Canning, Puri, Berham-
pur, Bhogaon, Travancore State (S. India), Rajmahal (all India) ;
Colombo, Rangoon, Kawkareik (Lower Burma), Mandalay, and
from on board ship, at light, off Tuticorin. Personally I have
met with it in many parts of the Punjab, Mussoorie, at Rangoon
Singapore, Penang, and other places further East, and have it from
Java, Ceylon and the Philippines.

N.B.—The above lengthy description has appeared advisable
from the variability of this very common species. Further varia-
tions and combinations of the differences (mostly in the abdominal
markings) above stated, occur in individual examples, and as the
species has already been described under no less than 17 different
names, I hesitate to regard as distinct any form which appears to
fall within its possible range of variation; especially as I have seen
no - distiict'- “variety,” “races = Horm)’ 7 or *\ subspecies! 7
peculiar to any special locality and illustrated by any number of
consistently marked specimens.

‘* Stomoxys libatrix,’’ Rob. Des., 1830.
Ess. Myod., 387.

The author’s very short description runs as follows :—
' Very near inimica, R. D. (I.c., p. 387, from North America) :
sides of the face a little more yellowish ; abdominal segments.

IQIo. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 73

especially the 4th, bear a small transverse line at their bases ; the
emarginations are blacker ; tegule brownish ; wings a little clearer.’’

N.B.—Prof. Bezzi (‘‘ Mosche ematofaghe, Rend. Istit. lomb.,
1907) says that, although admitted as distinct in Van der Wulp’s
catalogue, it is probably only another synonym of calcitrans, L..,
an opinion in which I cannot but concur, and, therefore, failing evi-
dence to the contrary, I propose to sink the name as synonymous
with calcitrans.

Stomoxys plurinotata, Big., 1887.
Bull. Zool. Soc. Fr., xii, 593.

“Long. 54mm. Antennis nigris ; facie et fronte albescentibus,
vitta frontali, bifida, nigra; palpis fulvis ; thorace albido cineras-
cente, maculis quatuor latis, elongatis, fuscis, duplicatis, pleuris
cinereis ; calyptris albis, halteribus pallide flavidis ; scutello ciner-
ascente ; abdomine cinereo, segmentis I-3 superne univittatis,
2° et 3°, utrinque, in medio, punctis duobus fuscis, rotundatis,
notatis, cum vitta mediana aliquoties junctis; pedibus nigris,
tibiis parum fulvo tinctis; alis hyalinis. Ceylan 3 specimens.’’

I append atranslation of Bigot’s more extended French descrip-
tion :—

Antenne black, tip of znd segment pale; vertex greyish,
frons and face dirty white, frontal stripe wide, bifid above ; palpi
pale, proboscis black. Thorax grey, with 4 large oblong elongated
spots, nearly. contiguous, blackish, each divided by a not very
distinct greyish line. Scutellum greyish; sides of thorax grey ;
sometimes the spots mentioned appear as 4 longitudinal stripes
interrupted at the suture. Tegule white, halteres yellowish white.
Abdomen grey, with a dorsal black band on segments I to 3, some-
times terminating at the base of the 3rd ; the 2nd and 3rd having
_ each two roundish blackish spots, which are often united to the
median stripe ; sometimes the Ist and 2nd segments have 2 large
irregular blackish spots: also the sides of the abdomen are generally
marked with elongated spots of irregular shape and of the same
shade ; legs black, base of tibize reddish, wing clear: sex °

N.B.—No one seems to have met with this species since its
original description, yet J include it as distinct, although it may
quite possibly be another variation of calcitrans. The type is in
Bigot’s collection: he does not mention the width of the frons, but
from his doubt as to the sex of his species I am inclined to regard
it as probably distinct from calcitrans, of which presumably he
would be quite conversant with the respective width of the frons in
each sex.

Stomoxys oblongopunctata, mihi, sp. nov.

Assam. Long. 6 mm.

Differs from calcitrans by the wholly reddish yellow antennee
and arista, and the pair of elongo-triangulate brown spots on the
2nd and 3rd abdominal segments, placed on the hind margins

74 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vorclve

their bases on the sides of the segments, and their apices meeting
the moderately broad concolorous dorsal stripe, which does not
reach the posterior border of the 2nd segment. The extreme bases
of these two segments are very narrowly brown, the 4th segment
has a very indistinct trace of the commonly present blackish grey
spots. Thoracic dorsum lightly yellowish grey, that of the abdo-
men slightly bluish grey. Basal half of tibiee pale, in certain lights
the whole of the middle pair appears pale. Frons $ width of head ;
with face, whitish grey. Anterior ends of outer pair of thoracic
stripes rather deeply black, enlarged into a spot of considerable
size just above the shoulders.

N.B.-—-This specimen is evidently quite distinct from calcitrans,
yet Ican compare it for purpdéses of description with no other. It
was sent to Mr. Austen, who returned it, marked, ‘‘ ? brunnipes
Grunb. or sp. nov. closely allied.’’ It appears to me, however,
that it can hardly be brunnipes, Griinb. (an African species, but
which, of course, may quite easily occur in the Orient as well),
as that species is said by its author to have a frons only § the width
of the head, whereas in the present example the frons measures 1.

From Grtitnberg’s description I should expect a considerably
larger proportion of the tibize and tarsi to be brown than is the case
in this specimen. I therefore venture to describe it as new.

In the Indian Museum, from Sylhet, Assam, taken by Lt.-Col.
Hall, 31-1-05.

For purposes of comparison, in the event of my being in error
as to its specific difference from brunnipes, I append a translation
of both sexes of Grtinberg’s species. ;

Originally described from German East Africa, only the ~ was
mentioned, but immediately following this description was that of a
supposed different species, sellata, this being now accepted as the
2 of brunntpes.

Stomoxys brunnipes, Griinb., 1g06.

Zool. Anzeig., xxx, 7, 89; @ (S. sellata, Grunb.), go.

(Description of o@ - translation.)

Black, with brownish yellow, partly greyer dusted.

Frons in @ one-eighth width of head, with narrow velvet-
black stripe ; sides of frons, and the cheeks, shining yellow grey
dusted. Antenne black, with brownish yellow arista. Palpi
brownish yellow.

Thorax yellowish grey dusted, grey on shoulders and between
the black stripeson fore border. The black stripes converge in front
of the suture, but they are sometimes separated behind it, by the
presence of narrow intermediate spaces.

Abdomen brownish yellow dusted, the segments with broad
blackish band on posterior borders. When viewed from behind,
a black dorsal line can be distinctly seen, which is expanded on the
fore borders of the segments.

1910. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 75

Coxe, trochanters and femora black, extreme femora tips, tibize
and tarsi brown; wings with a little blackish tinge; tegule also ;
halteres yellow.

Long. 6-7 mm. Only the ~. ‘The Camaroons, German East
Africa.

(Description of 2 - translation.)

Frons in 2 not quite one-third width of head, with broad, deep
velvet-black stripe, and broad (one-half of the width of the middle
stripe), whitish grey, slightly glistening side borders. Under side
of head also whitish grey, slightly glistening, Ist and 2nd joints of
antenne black, 3rd dark brown, grey dusted, arista and palpi pale
brown.

Thorax above grey, with broad black stripes on each side,
nearly confluent and nearly reaching the scutellum.

Thorax black above, with a broad grey middle stripe: shoulders
lightly slate-grey ; pleuree a little less grey ; scutellum black, with
greyish brown shimmer, distinctly dusted at the tip.

Abdomen black, rather shining, dark brown dusted on upper
side and shimmering grey at the sides. Viewed from behind,
elongated brown side spots become visible on the 2nd and 3rd seg-
ments, reaching from the fore border to the middle of each segment ;
last segment dark greyish brown dusted, unmarked.

Coxee, trochanters and femora black ; extreme tips of latter,
also the tibiz and tarsi, brown. Wings nearly clear, with slight
brownish tinge, tegulae white; halteres yellowish white. Long.
74mm. Camaroons, German East Africa. Only the @.

Stomoxys sitiens, Rond., 1873.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Genova, iv, 288, ° .

This species, of which apparently the ¢ is still unknown, has
not been definitely recorded from the East, but specimens in the
Indian Museum collection, sent to Mr. Austen for examination
being returned as possibly sztiens, causes me to include a descrip-
tion of the species in this paper and to add some comments. Ron-
dani’s original description is as follows :—

‘““Long.5mm., 7. Similis calcitranti europe, sed minor, et
distincta praesertim: Facie et orbitis albissimis, non sub-luteis,
et oculis in fronte sat proximis, orbitis mediocribus vitta nigra
angusta sejunctis, et sic oculorum distantia triplo circiter minor
latitudine singuli oculi, non ut in mare calcitrantis trons lata fusca,
et parum angustior singulo oculo. Praeterea in sztvente, abdominis
grisei segmenta tria basi paulo canescentia praesertim ad latera ;
caetera ut in sp. europea. Keren (Abyssinia).”’

(Tvanslation.)

Near S. calcitrans of Europe, but smaller, and differing as
follows: Face and eye margins extremely white, not yellowish,

76 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou Slys

and the eyes in front considerably approximate, the moderately
wide eye margins separated by a narrow black stripe, and thus the
distance between the eyes less by about a third than the breadth
of a single eye, not as in the @ of calcitrans, frons broad, fuscous,
and hardly narrower than a single eye. Moreover, in siztiens the
pubescence of the three basal grey abdominal segments is greyer,
especially towards the sides ; the rest as in calcitrans.

The four specimens in the Indian Museum collection tentatively
regarded by Mr. Austen as possibly szttens were collected by me
at Calcutta, 18-ii-05, Penang, 8-viii-o6, and Rangoon, 23-xii-04 to
3-1-05, but they are all, unfortunately, in poor condition, and exact
identification is, perhaps, impossible. Other specimens in my own
collection taken by me in the same localities are in no better state
of preservation.

Now, Bezzi states (“‘ Mosche ematofaghe,’’ Rend. Istit. lomb.,
1907, p. 14) that he has seen a considerable number of specimens
of satvens from Eritrea and notes that the principal difference from
calcitvans is its narrower frons ; adding that he believes Rondani
was in error in stating the frons to be splendid shining white, as
he finds it has an even greater tendency to yellow than in cal-
cutrans.

Secondly, he, in his table of species, divides brunnipes, Griinb. ,
from sztiens, Rond., by the former having ‘‘ at least the four anterior
tibiae all pale on the outside,’’ whilst of sitiens he says ‘‘ tibia
at the base narrowly pale,’’ calcitrans also, be it noted, falling in the
same subdivision in his table. The four Museum specimens being
all ¢ @ the test of the width of the frons does not apply. The frons
is certainly more whitish than in average calcitrans, but not more
so than in occasional specimens of it. The specimens are in too bad
condition for accurate description, but it may be noted that the abdo-
minal spots are more elongate than in normal calcitrans ; a dorsal
stripe is present on the 2nd segment, extending over part of the
3rd ; all the tibiz are dull reddish brown (much brighter in one
example) ; the 2nd joint of the antenne is more or less reddish.

A second specimen in the Indian Museum from Calcutta, I4-iv-
08, agrees with sitzens with the exception of all the tibiz being red-
dish brown, the middle pair lighter still, almost yellowish. The
frons is glistening shining white, one-seventh in width, and the
abdominal spots similar to calcitrans. Rondani mentions that
the pubescence of the abdomen is grey toward the sides, but in the
present specimen it is uniformly black.

It is possible it may be an Oriental form of the African species,
but personally I have found that the wholly brownish tibie, when
present as a character, are always consistently so.

Likewise, in calcitrans and those species which have only the
base of the tibize pale, the colour rarely, if ever, extends over more
than the middle of the limb.

That sitiens is a good species, distinct from calcitrans by the
narrow frons, with the shining white frons as a secondary character,
seems clear, but I doubt if any specimen of it has come before me.

TgI0.] E. BRUNETTI: Blood-sucking Muscide. 77

Stomoxys triangularis, mihi, sp. nov.

@. South India. Long. 44 mm.
Head. Frons 1, dark grey; face and antenne blackish grey ;

5)
proboscis rather long ; palpi pale.

Thorax. Rather deep yellowish grey. The four deep black
stripes narrow and separate on anterior margin, but united soon
afterwards into two broad stripes, which are continued thus to
posterior margin of dorsum. A black lateral stripe in front of wing.
Sides of thorax greyish anteriorly, blackish grey behind. Scu-
tellum very dark grey. Chetotaxy apparently normal.

Abdomen blackish grey. Ist segment with posterior border
somewhat darkened, 2nd with a small triangular basal spot and
two large triangular spots occupying nearly all the segment, their
bases almost meeting in middle of segment, their apices directed
towards the posterior corners, 3rd segment with two similar irregu-
larly triangular spots placed more obliquely ; 4th segment with
two sub-triangular spots, their apices pointing hindwards. Belly
black.

Legs black ; knees and tibize narrowly at base reddish yellow.

Wings and tegule pale brown, slightly deeper on anterior half.

Described from 2 7 @ in the Indian Museum collection taken
by Dr. Annandale in the Travancore State, South India (Madda-
thorai, 17-xi-08, type, and Pallode, 16-xi-08).

N.B.—An obviously distinct and quite dark species, compared
with all others I know from the East. The abdominal markings are
distinct (when viewed from the side) in one of the specimens, but
the abdomen of the other is best described as blackish grey with
irregular blackish patches, though it is certainly of the same species.

Stomoxys indica, Picard, 1908.
Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 20.
? S. limbata, Aust.

A translation of Picard’s description is appended :—

Long. 44-5 mm. o. Interocular space very straight, equal
to one-eighth the width of the head. Frons and face with more
golden pubescence than in the @. [ines on thorax darker. Wings,
tegule and halteres strongly smoky. lLegs testaceous, more
brownish than in 9.

@. Interocular space equals one-third width of head. Frons
and face with silvery grey pubescence. Antenne black, 3rd joint
white dusted ; arista testaceous, black at tip. Palpi testaceous,
not reaching margin of epistome. Thorax grey ‘‘ ternate "’
with two moderately wide rather dark brown stripes on each side
of middle, the outer pair interrupted at the suture. Scutellum
wholly grey ; wings clear; veins light brown ; tegule transparent ;
halteres white. Legs testaceous; coxe black, femora brownish,
anterior ones lighter on inner side, darker on outer side. Abdomen

78 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vorseive

grey, slightly bluer than rest of body; the first 3 segments furnished
with a straight black dorsal line and a wide black band on posterior
margins, that on the 2nd segment covering a larger space than the
grey part.

N.B.—Previous to reading Mr. Austen’s description of his
new species limbata, or seeing specimens of it determined by him,
I had identified a number of examples of both sexes in both the
Indian Museum and my own collection, as certainly imdica, Picard.
On the Museum receiving back from Mr. Austen 2 7 @ and I 2?
sent to that dipterologist some time previously, I found that he had
referred them to his imbata.

Apart from minor details, the only serious discrepancy in the
descriptions of the two species appears to be in the width of the
frons (which, however, I regard as one of the most valuable charac-
ters) ; this being quoted by Picard as one-eighth the width of the
head in the @ and by Austen as one-fourth to one-fifth. Now,
although the width at the vertex is undoubtedly wider, the width
across the frons about midway between the vertex and the base of the
antenne is between + and 4 in the 2 7 wof the Museum collection
determined by Mr. Austen as paratypes of his limbata; and
in the @. All the ~ o I have seen have the frons from 1 to } in
width (and, incidentally, ‘‘ slightly constricted in the middle,’’
as Austen says of limbata, although Picard mentions the frons of his
species as being ‘“ very straight ’’).

I therefore feel constrained to regard all these specimens ex-
amined by me as Picard’s imdica, and Mr. Austen’s limbata as a
probable synonym of it. A noteworthy feature of similarity is that
both authors mention the extra width of the marginal black band
on the 2nd segment, and a final coincidence is that both authors
describe their species from the same three localities, India, Ceylon
and Assam.

S. mdica occurs in the- Indian Museum collection from
Calcutta, 18-vi-08 [Annandale] ; Rajmahal, Bengal, 7-vii-o9 [A nnan-
dale|; Bhogaon, N. Bengal, 3-x-og [Paiva]; Allahabad, I5-viii-09
[Lord]; Maddathorai, Travancore State, 16-xi-o8 [Ammnandale] ;
Victoria Gardens, Colombo, 26-iv-08 [Paiva] ; Rangoon, 24—26-ii-08
[Annandale]; Singapore, 1I-viii-o6 [Brunetti]. In my collection
I have it from Calcutta, 24-vii and 14-viii-o4, and from Rangoon,
18-viii-o6, taken by myself.

Cole

Stomoxys limbata, Aust., 1900.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), iii, 292.

7 2. India, Ceylon, Assam.

~”. ‘‘ Smoke-grey: face and sides of front bright yellowish-
silvery, front narrow; dorsum of thorax with usual clove-brown
longitudinal stripes, admedian stripes narrow and wide apart ;
dorsum of abdomen with deep clove-brown or blackish transverse
band on hind border of each of first three segments ; wings with a

IgI0. | E. BRuNETII: blood-sucking Muscide. 79

brownish tinge ; femora dark clove-brown, their extreme tips and
base of hind tibiz ochraceous-buff, front and middle tibiae and
tarsi mummy-brown, hind tarsi and hind tibiz except base sepia-
coloured.’’

@. ‘* Apart from usual sexual differences, agreeing essentially
with @ , except that dark markings on dorsum of thorax and abdo-
men are paler (olive-brown instead of clove-brown or blackish),
that the wings although brownish are less noticeably infuscated,
that the squamee are paler (whitish or yellowish white), and that
the front and middle tibie are also brighter in hue.’’ Type in
British Museum from Sylhet, r1-ii-o5 [Lt.-Col. Hall|; also a
specimen from Peradeniya, Ceylon, 22-v-92 [ Yerbury].

‘* S. imbata is closely allied to S. nigra, Mcq., but is distinguished
by the front in the ~ being somewhat narrower, with the frontal
stripe slightly constricted in the middle, instead of having its sides
parallel ; and in the @ by the front and middle tibiz being mainly
ochraceous instead of for the most part clove-brown or blackish.’’

The length of this species is from a little under 5 mm.
to 54 mm. ; width of head 7 16 to 2 mm., 2? 1'8to2mm.; width

d
of front at vertex 7 ,0'4mm., 2 just over 0°5 mm.

N.6b.—Specimens seen by Mr. Austen and identified by him as
his /imbata are in the Indian Museum collection from Port Canning,
Lower Bengal, 21-vii-o7 [Annandale]; Calcutta, 20-viii-o7; and
Sylhet, 31-i-05 [Lit-Col. Hall]; Mr. Austen. also refers to this
species a ¢ from Peradeniya, Ceylon, 22-v-g2 [Lt.-Col. Yerbury}.

N.B.—As noted under S. zndica, Pic., I am strongly inclined
to regard /imbata as synonymous with that species.

Stomoxys bengalensis, Pic.
(Translation.)

@. Interocular space one-fifth width of head. Frons and
face with whitish pubescence, lightly gilded. Antenne black, arista
testaceous, tip black ; palpi pale yellow.

Thorax grey, with two parallel black stripes on each side of a
very indistinct median line. Scutellum rather dark grey. Wings
a little smoky, veins blackish brown ; tegule and halteres dark
brown. Legs black, base of tibiz pale brown. Abdomen light
slaty brown, with black dorsal line on first three segments ; each
segment with a narrow basal transverse band, and a wide one on
posterior margin, especially that on the 2nd segment ; 4th segment
wholly grey (in fresh specimens), long. 7} mm. ? unknown.
Sent by Col. Raymond from Calcutta.

N.B.—S. bengalensis should, by the description, be a good
species, and I had noted three @ in the Indian Museum collection
(from Calcutta) as being probably this species. They were, however,
returned after examination by Mr. Austen as calcitrans, and closer
study both of them and subsequently acquired specimens lead me
to suppose they fall within the range of the commoner species.

80 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VoL." EV,

If so, however, the approximation to the description of bengalensis
is considerable, as the abdominal spots are sometimes spread out,
so as to form a sort of band on the posterior margin, and there are
in some examples a narrow dark band at the base of at least the
2nd and 3rd segments.

Stomoxys pusilla, Aust., 1909.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), iii, 293.

@. India. Long. 4:2 to 4°5 mm.; width of front at vertex
o'4 mm.

‘“ Dorsum of thorax mouse-grey or yellowish grey, with usual
clove-brown longitudinal stripes ; dorsum of abdomen olive-grey,
first segment, except a small ill-defined area in centre (not reaching
hind margin), second segment, either entirely or with exception of
extreme front margin, and a median longitudinal stripe and fairly
deep posterior transverse band on third segment, clove-brown ; sides
of front and sides of face, when viewed from above, light maize-
yellow ; wings brownish; femora clove-brown, front and middle
tibie and tarsi and extreme tips of front and middle femora buff,
hind tibiz and tarsi light mummy-brown, base of tibize paler.’’

Type in British Museum, Allahabad, x-05 [Howlett].

““S. pusilla differs from S. limbata in its smaller size, in the
yellower colour of the sides of the front and face, in the dorsum
of the second abdominal segment being entirely clove-brown or practi-
cally so, instead of having a clove-brown posterior transverse band
and median longitudinal stripe, and in the pale tibize and tarsi of the
front and middle legs.’’

N.B.—This species and the next I have never seen. The
present one must approximate very closely to indica, Pic.; pulla
is, of course, well defined by its fore tarsus.

Stomoxys pulla, Aust., 1g09.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), ili, 204.

@. India. Long. 4:2 to 4.4 mm.

‘“ Very dark species ; when viewed from above, body appearing
almost uniformly clove-brown, extreme front margin of thorax
mouse-grey, with commencement of usual clove-brown longitudinal
stripes ; when abdomen is viewed from behind, at a very low angle,
terminal segment appears olive-grey, while second and third segments
may appear more or less mouse-grey, with clove-brown transverse
blotches, and perhaps a trace of a narrow median longitudinal
stripe ; front narrow, occupied for most part by frontal stripe,
sides of front not noticeable except anteriorly ; wings brownish ;
legs clove-brown, tibiae ochraceous-buff at extreme base, first joint
of front tarsus fringed on inside with a row of hairs of equal length,
claws black.’’

IgIo.| E. BRuNETI1: Blood-sucking Muscide. SI

Type in British Museum, from Mussoorie, N. W. India, x-06
| Howlett).

‘“ This is a very distinct species, which, while resembling the
foregoing (pusilla) in size, is at once distinguishable by the
dusky coloration of the body and legs, by the sides of the front
being scarcely visible except anteriorly, and by the remarkable
row of hairs on the inside of the first joint of the front tarsus.
Owing to the latter character S. fulla o~ presents some slight ap-
proximation to the ~ of the African S. omega, Neust., in which,
however, the row of hairs on the inside of the front tarsus extends
to the end of the second joint, while the hairs themselves are much
longer and conspicuously curled.’’

Stomoxys, sp.

A single ~ in the Indian Museum, apparently immature,
certainly belongs toa distinct species from all others given in this
paper. It has a frons which narrows rapidly from the vertex
(where it is about } the width of the head) downwards, being
only between 4 and + at a short distance above the antennz, where
it widens as usual. ‘The outer side of the middle tibize are wholly
moderately light brown, and the abdomen is apparently unmarked,
but being in a somewhat crumpled state it is impossible to describe
it more precisely. In other respects it resembles a slightly under-
sized calcitrans. From Calcutta, 18-vii-07.

Stomoxys dacnusa, Speis., 1908.
Zool. Anz., xxxiii, 666.

‘“ Orichalceo griseo, vittis duabus brunneoviolaceis, pedibus
luteis, coxis atque femoribus preter ultimam tertiam partem
brunneo piceis, alis basi et nervatura validiora luteis squamis lutes-
centibus. Annam.’’

2. Long. corp. 5°5 mm. ; alarum 5°5 mm.

Further notes from his more lengthy description in German
may be added as follows :—

Yellowish grey, with a brassy tinge. From the anterior border
of the thoracic dorsum, a moderately broad brownish black, with a
violet tinge, stripe towards each side.

Unfortunately the hinder part of the thorax, the pleure, chest,
and first segments of the abdomen cannot be correctly described,
owing to the blood which has exuded over them. ‘Tip of scutellum
and of abdomen uniformly grey. Legs pale brownish yellow ; only
the coxee, and basal two-thirds of the femora, blackish brown or
nearly black.

Head blackish brown, only the base of the antennz paler,
yellowish brown, the antennz, with the arista, tawny brown.

Frons, almost exactly one-third width of head at vertex,
widening in front. Chetotaxy normal. Palpi very little spindle-

82 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.-1v

shaped at tip, tawny. Fore femora with the brown colour nearly
reaching the tip, under side with a row of longer bristles, in addition
to the normal hairs. Middle femora above, towards the tips,
with some small ones, hind femora with rather larger, distinct
bristles, below with some preapical ones. Hind tibize with two
bristles near the middle. Hind metatarsus with some stronger
bristles below. Wing as in calcitvans; Ist longitudinal vein
(subcosta) ends exactly above the small cross-vein ; 2nd (radius)
rather nearer the wing tip than in calcitvans.

N.B.—Being described from a single damaged specimen,
the specific identity of this species must be admitted with caution;
I therefore place it Jast of all.

Description of STYGEROMYIA, Aust., 1907 (non-Oriental).
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xix, 445.

‘“In some respects intermediate between Stomoxys, Geoft.,
Hematobia, Rob. Desv., and Lyperosia, Rond. (sensu Bezzi).
In general appearance and form of body similar to Stomoxvs, but
in shape of proboscis and palpi resembling H@matobia, though with
arista feathered only on upper side, as in Stomoxys and Lyperosia.
Head somewhat flattened from front to rear, with basi-occipital
region only slightly swollen; proboscis short, stout and shining,
of uniform thickness throughout, not tapering to the tip, chitin-
ous, but terminated by a pair of small fleshy labella ; palpi equal
to proboscis in length, large, clavate towards the tips, curving up-
wards, and with stout bristles on the outer side at the distal
extremity.

‘“* Bristles of thorax : Humeral 3 ; post-humeral 1 ; notopleural
2; presutural 1; supra-alar 1; intra-alar 1; post-alar 2; dorso-
central 6 (1 in front of and 5 behind the suture) ; inner dorso-cen-
tral 1; scutellar 4 (1 preebasal, 1 basal, 1 discal, I apical); meso-
pleural 9 or 10, wider apart than in Stomoxys or Hamatobia ; sterno-
pleural 1 (posterior, as in Stomoxys, instead of 1: I, as in Hema-
tobia).

“Wings with 1st posterior cell narrowly open at the tip, the
width of the opening being precisely that seen in the same cell in
the wing of Musca corvina, Fab., and less than half of that exhibited
by the ist posterior cell in the case of Stomoxys calcitrans, 1. : apical
portion of 4th vein beyond the bend Perfectly straight, not bent in-
wards at the extremity, as in Sfomoxys and Hematobia. Typical
species, Stygeromyia maculosa, sp. nov.”

N.B.—This is not an Oriental genus, being described from
Africa, but since, owing to the traffic in cattle between one con-
tinent and another, it may easily be imported, I have thought it
best to include at least the generic description to facilitate identi-
fication should it occur in the East.

1910. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscidae. 83

LY PEROSIA, Rond., 1862.
Dipt. Hal. Prod., v, 230.
Loc sctt: | 1; 93 (nom? in tabs):

In splitting off this genus from Hematobia, R. Des., Rondani
in a table of genera gave the following diagnosis of it: ‘‘ Arista
hairy only on upper side, the hairs wavy; 2nd longitudinal vein
reaching the costal opposite the small cross-vein.’’ In this genus
Rondani placed two species, ‘‘ ivritans, I,.,’’ and ‘‘ serrata, R. D.”;
Prof. Bezzi very kindly supplied me with notes on this genus from
Rondani’s work, and informs me that that author was mistaken in
his identification of ivvitans, I,., having another species before him
at the time, and for this species my correspondent proposes the
name of titillans (Rend. Istit. lomb. (2), xl, 24).

Moreover, Rondani’s “* serrata, R. D.’’ was the true zvritans, L,.

LY PEROSIA, Rond.
(Revised description.)

Body more elongate than in Stomoxys ; abdomen about twice
as long as broad. Eyes bare, approximate in @ , frons in @ about
2 width of head. Antennze according to Rondani inserted at the
middle of the eyes, with the 3rd joint a little longer than the 2nd,
but I should describe them as inserted very slightly lower on the
face than in Stomoxys. Antennee plumose on upper side only, the
hairs undulating. Proboscis as in Stomoxys ; palpi comparatively
stout and broad, as long as proboscis, less bristly than in Hematobia.
Apical part of 4th longitudinal vein curved rather less than in
Stomoxys and Hematobia, the whole vein being considerably
straighter, and without the definite ‘‘ elbow’’ so usual in the
higher Muscine; 3rd longitudinal vein bare at base ; Ist posterior
cell comparatively broadly open; sternopleural bristles yellow.

Table of species.
Hind tarsi not dilated.
Abdomen without a dorsal stripe .. muinuta, Bezzi, 7 2.
Abdomen with a dorsal stripe (some-
times indistinct).
Hair on body brown .. exigua, Meij., 2.
Hair on body yellow .. flavolurta, sp. nov., 2.

Hind tarsi dilated.

Hair on body brown its .. exigua, Meij.,o.
Hair on body yellow om .. flavolurta, sp. nov., o.

84 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoE. EVs

Lyperosia minuta, Bezzi, 1892.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova (2), xiii, 192.
¢ @. India, Ceylon (originally described from Somaliland).

‘‘Cinerea, lutescenti-pilosa, pedibus luteis; antennarum
articulo secundo rufescente ; oculis etiam in mare a fronte latius
cula sejunctis. Long. mm. 7 1'8—2°3, 2 3—3'8 Obbia.’’

(Redescription.)

Head. o&. Eyessub-contiguous ; the frons for a short distance
being extremely narrow, the actual width varying slightly in
different specimens. Vertical triangle only moderately wider ;
the frons below its narrowest part, rapidly widening. Normal
colour of frons dark grey or blackish grey in the middle and lighter
grey along the edges of the eyes, which latter are without any dis-
tinct eye margin. For a considerable space above the base of the
antenne the frons is occasionally quite reddish or reddish brown.
Lower part of the head, including oral cavity, yellowish grey,
varying lighter or darker according to the individual. Ocellar
triangle (isosceles) distinctly raised above the surface, concolorous,
ocelli distinct. Antenne grey, sometimes with a slight reddish
brown tint, microscopically pubescent ; 2nd joint sometimes much
brighter, always with a short distinct bristle ; 3rd joint more or less
grey dusted. Arista black considerably thickened at the base,
where it is normally black also. The arista bears normally at least
6 long equidistant, bisinuate hairs ; with often an additional one
placed just before the first, and also a very small one near the tip.
There are invariably several very minute bristles at the base.
Palpi elongate, black or very dark blackish brown, gradually
thickened towards tip, with short stiff hairs ; practically as long as
the proboscis, which is dark brownish yellow, shining. Back
of head moderately dark grey, with microscopic hairs.

Chetotaxy. Seven fronto-orbital bristles; mostly curved,
and often pointing in different directions. Vertical triangle with
2 stronger longer bristles in front, crossing one another, and 2
smaller ones behind, which also cross each other, with 2 other
similar ones practically on the vertical margin of the head, with
I pair each side of these, of true vertical bristles.

@. Frons at vertex, one-fourth width of head, widening
only slightly, as at the level of the antenne it is only one-third the
entire width.

Fronto-orbital bristles normally arranged in two rows, an upper
row of four, placed closer to the margins of the eyes, the bristles
directed forwards or slightly to either side ; and a lower row (these
would be the lower fronto-orbital bristles of Osten Sacken), of either
three or four, which is placed nearer the middle of the frons, and in
which the bristles always curve inwards. The rows sometimes
almost form one linear row, or occasionally overlap, and sometimes
the upper row consists of three bristles only ; in some individuals

1910. | E. Brunetti: blood-sucking Muscide. 85

the number of bristles on one side of the face is different to that on
the other side, in fact this occurrence is not uncommon.

Thorax. Variable, within certain limits. Dorsum rather
dark acuous grey, with a more or less distinct but nearly always
obvious, broad light grey stripe beginning in the middle of the
anterior border and fading away at or before the transverse suture.
Humeral calli light grey ; the transverse suture, and more or less
of the scutellar dorsum, also. In other examples, the dorsum is
best described as being yellowish grey, with two broad, well-separa-
ted, well-defined stripes from the anterior border nearly to the
scutellum ; with sometimes an additional narrow intermediate stripe
behind the suture.

The sides of the thorax are lighter, ash-grey or yellowish grey.
Metanotum dark blackish grey, practically bare.

Chetotaxy. The principal bristles are nearly always uniform
in perfect specimens, but are very easily broken off. They are
often smaller than their normal size, and in that case sometimes are
not conspicuously larger than the small bristly hairs with which the
thorax is covered. Allthe bristles are brownish yellow and generally
reclinate. Humeral bristles 2; post-humeral I; presutural Ir ;
notopleural 2; supra-alar 1; intra-alar 1; post-alar 1. A_ pair
of inner dorso-central bristles, and a row on each side of compara-
tively small but distinct dorso-central bristles, the hindermost
being as usual the largest ; whilst outside this row is a second row of
microscopic ones which only extends from the transverse suture to
the posterior border. The normal row of dorso-central bristles is
continued to the anterior border. Along the median line of the
thoracic dorsum are numerous microscopic bristly hairs, of which
those in front of the suture are arranged more or less in four rows,
while those behind it are more irregularly placed.

On the scutellum there are two basal bristles, placed near the
edge, a post-median row of four, of which the inner ones are less
strong ; and two strong long apical ones. Over the whole of the
thoracic dorsum and the scutellum are microscopic bristly hairs,
which are more or less irregularly placed.

On each side of the thorax there is a row of 6 (occasionally 7,
or even 8) on the hinder side of the mesopleura, and 3 very distinct
sternopleural ones, placed 1: 2. Smaller bristly hairs occur irregu-
larly, being much more numerous in some specimens than in others.

Abdomen. Rather dark grey (in some examples much lighter) ;
with short, brownish yellow hairs, curved backwards ; and a row
of long bristly curved hairs towards the posterior border of each
segment. Belly dark grey, sometimes reddish (probably in the
case of specimens captured soon after having sucked blood) ; the
dorsal bristly hairs continued over the sides to a considerable
extent.

Genital organs in the ~ apparently consisting of a telescopic
arrangement of three pieces, brown, with blackish marks and some
hairs; the tip hairy. Ovipositor in the @ conically elongated,
concolorous, protruded, pubescent.

86 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor nbs

Legs. Coxe, rather bluish grey dusted, reddish yellow towards
tips, with a row of 5 or 6 bristles. Femora rather brownish or
blue-grey dusted, reddish yellow at base and tip; with rows of
short bristly hairs. Fore femora generally curved, and with a row
of comparatively long bristles on outer and inner sides, the latter
row being the longer ; the rest of the fore femora being clothed in
rows of bristly hairs. Middle femora with rows of very short
bristles, and some longer ones near the base on under side, and two
on upper side near tip. Hind femora, sometimes somewhat curved,
with rows of small bristles and a row of long comparatively weak
ones on under side, and a strong one on outer side near tip.

All the bristles on the legs brownish yellow.

Tibiz brownish yellow or yellowish, closely pubescent, with
very short stiff hairs. Tarsi yellowish, blackish towards tips, micro-
scopically pubescent. Pulvilli greyish white.

Wings. Practically clear, iridescent in certain lights ; micro-
scopic bristles along costa to beyond end of 2nd longitudinal vein ;
very soft hairs on remainder of wing border. Inner cross-vein ex-
actly opposite end of 1st longitudinal and placed above centre of
discal cell. Third and 4th veins converge normally towards tips.
Halteres and tegule yellowish grey.

Described from about 12 specimens of each sex in the Indian
Museum, mostly from the Victoria Gardens, Colombo, taken by
Mr. Paiva, 26-iv-08. Other specimens are from Chittagong, 27-v11-08,
8-ix-o8 [Lt.-Col. Hall|; Mandalay, 12-11-08 [Annandale]; Sukna
(500 ft.), 3-vii-o8 [Annandale], where it was abundant on cattle ;
Calcutta, 6—3I-vili-09.

N.B.—Dr. Annandale noticed that the fly rests with its wings
folded together, as contrasted with exigua, which when at rest,
extends its wings horizontally.

Lyperosia exigua, Meijere.
(Tvanslation.)

Hematobia exigua, Meij., in P. Schat, “‘ Verdere Mededeelingen
over Surra,’’ Mededeel. Proefstation Oost-Java, 3e. Ser., No. 44
(1903).

Hematobia exigua, Meij., Bijd. tot se Dierk. Natura Artis
Magistra, xvili, p. 104 (1904).

Front in @ very narrow, with very narrow white eye margins,
between which a narrow black line is present. Frontal triangle
black. In the @ the white eye margins separated by a black
frontal stripe of uniform width. Under side of head white. An-
tennee brownish yellow, especially the somewhat thickened 2nd
joint, which is thereby conspicuous ; the 3rd joint darkened at tip.
All the joints with whitish shimmer. Palpi as long as the pro-
boscis, brownish yellow. Proboscis brownish yellow, darker above.

Thorax dark grey, whitish dusted, in front with two narrow
blackish longitudinal stripes. The sides of the dorsum, viewed
sideways, broadly brownish tinged. Sides of thorax, humeral calli,

1910. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 87

transverse suture and a cross-band on the scutellum, whitish
shimmered in certain lights.

Abdomen dark grey, with a blacker (ending at the tip of the
3rd segment) dorsal stripe, which is only wholly visible when
viewed from certain directions. Sometimes it appears in the form
of darker spots.

Legs brownish yellow, on the outer side more or less darkened ;
sometimes the hind pair, with the exception of the outer basal
part of the femora and tibiz, quite dark ; in the fore legs, with the
femora, nearly to the tips; the middle third of the tibize and the
tarsi tips, sometimes darker.

Veins as in izvritans, I,., the small cross-vein straight, placed
beyond the tip of the 1st longitudinal vein. Halteres and tegule
whitish.

Length of body 4 mm.; wing length 4 mm.

According to Herr Schat, this species, together with Stomoxys
calcitrans, I,., may be capable of transmitting disease.

(Redescription.)

Head. Frons in ~, 1 to % width of head; in 9 between i
and +. Ground colour almost wholly ash-grey, except the black
frontal stripe, which is very narrow, yet quite distinct, in the o,
and forms in the 2 one-fourth of the width between the eyes at
the level of the ocellar triangle, gradually widening to one-third at
the level of the base of the antenne.

The frons has inthe ~ a row, normally of nine, distinct, well-
developed brownish vellow or yellow bristles, arranged practically
in a single row, mostly curved inwards towards those of the op-
posite row, especially the lower ones.

In the ¢@ they are more irregularly placed, forming normally
an upper frontal row of 3 or 4, situated rather nearer the eyes, and
pointing outwards or forwards ; and a lower row (the lower fronto-
orbital bristles of Osten Sacken) of 4, 5 or 6, situated nearer to the
frontal stripe, also placed rather closer together, and always curved
inwards. ‘These two rows, the upper and the lower one, are not
always placed in the same relation to each other. Those in the
upper row are more liable to be placed out of line, the lowermost
bristle being often on a level with, or even below, the uppermost
bristle of the lower row. All the bristles are always brownish yellow
or yellow.

Antenne yellow, 3rd joint very slightly white dusted ; arista
often distinctly yellow at extreme base. Palpi yellow, with a few
haits. Proboscis dark brownish or brownish yellow. — Bristles of
cheeks yellowish, or whitish yellow; lower part of head with some
pale hairs ; back of head with numerous very short bristly hairs.

Thorax. Dorsum normally moderately dark grey ; often with
either a bluish, brownish or sub-aénous tinge; sometimes almost
ash grey, especially in the median portion. ‘There is generally a
fairly distinct pair of narrow well-separated fuscous stripes, a

88 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vors LV:

sub-triangular brownish spot towards each side in front of the suture,
and a similar but larger and longer spot behind the suture each
side. The macrocheetze of the thorax are practically the same as in
minuta, but the very small bristles covering nearly the whole surface
are relatively larger than in the previous species. ‘The large bristles
are brownish yellow, the smaller ones blackish. Sides of thorax ash-
grey or with a bluish tinge, mesopleura with a row of long yellow
bristles on hinder side, as in minuta, and smaller ones in front ;
sternopleura with numerous bristly hairs, and a row of curved
yellow long hairs below humeral! calli.

Scutellum concolorous with thorax, macrochete as in minuta,
but the smaller bristly hairs more numerous and much stronger.
Metanotum blackish grey, bare.

Abdomen. Rather dark grey, lighter at base, where a distinct
blackish dorsal narrow stripe extends over the Ist segment to some
portion of the 2nd. The whole surface of the abdomen is covered
with short hairs, and there is a row of well-separated long curved ones
towards the posterior border of each segment, and a fan-shaped
bunch of yellow ones towards each side of the Ist segment ; all the
other hairs and bristles on the abdomen being distinctly brownish
or brownish yellow. Belly concolorous, pubescent.

Legs. Mainly yellow, coxze bluish ash-grey or yellowish grey,
-femora except base and tip often more or less lightly violet-grey
tinted, sometimes almost wholly yellow. All the femora bear
rows of rather long soft yellow hairs, the fore pair have a row of
longer bristly hairs on upper side and a row of still longer ones on
under side ; middle pair with two stronger bristles on upper side,
near tip; hind pair with three stronger ones below, near tip.
Tibize, which are sometimes a little brownish, closely pubescent, with
comparatively short bristly, yellow hairs, a long bristle in front at
tip of fore pair, some short stiff bristles at tip of middle pair, and a
long bristle on hinder side near tip of hind pair which are darker
than the others. Tarsi mainly blackish, bristly, pubescent ; meta-
tarsus and bases and tips of the remaining joints more or less
yellowish. Second and 3rd tarsal joints (ino ) distinctly dilated at
tip, each with 3 or 4 long curved hairs on under side, and generally
all the joints with one straight hair and one longer curved one on
the upper side at the tip. Pulvilli whitish, grey fringed claws black.

Wings. Asin minuta.

Described from a good series of both sexes taken in the slaughter-
house in Calcutta, 6—3I-vili-og. Also from several of each sex
from Travancore State, South India, captured by Dr. Annandale
as follows: Nedumangad 14-xi-08 ; Quilon 10-xi-o8 ; Maddathorai
17-x1-08 ; Pallode 15-xi-o08, nearly all on cattle and buffaloes. Also
from specimens from Sukna (500 ft.}, 3-vili-o8 [Annandale]; Chitta-
gong (E. Bengal), 2-viii-o8 and 3-ix-08 [Lt.-Col. Hall]. Allthe above
specimens are in the Indian Museum collection. Two? ¢? inthe Pusa
collection were taken at Bombay on cattle, 29-v and 16-x-05, and
I have a considerable number of both sexes in my own collection
from Calcutta and West Java.

IQIO. } E. BRUNETTI: Blood-sucking Muscide. 89

N.B.—Dr. Annandale has noticed that this species when at
rest, sits with its wings spread out horizontally.

Lyperosia flavohirta, mihi, sp. nov.

@” @. Lower Burma. Long. 23-3 mm.

This species is very near exigua, the differences all being minor
ones, vet I believe, by taking them in the aggregate, a specific
separation for this form is warranted.

1. The lighter coloured parts of the head and thorax are more
whitish than in exigua.

2. The small bristly hairs covering the thorax, scutellum and
abdomen are distinctly more yellow than brownish yellow.

3. The dorsal stripe on the abdomen is generally continuous
almost to the tip, and is more uniformly wide ; whereas in exzgua
it often terminates on the posterior border of the 2nd segment,
sometimes appearing on the Ist segment only, and often (when
nearly complete in length) takes the form of elongated triangles,
bases wppermost.

4. The legs are paler yellow and the whole body is paler.

Described from 6 @@ and 2 9 2 taken by Dr. Annandale
on cattle at Kawkareik, Lower Burma, I-111-08.

N.B.—Dr. Annandale noticed this species in great abundance
on cattle in the interior of the Amherst District in Tenasserim,
March 1909. He remarked that when at rest it stood higher on its
legs than other Indian species of the genus, thus approximating to
the appearance of a Dolichopodid.

Lyperosia irritans, L,.

As this paleearctic species may quite possibly be found in
Northern India, a brief description is appended, drawn up from
the only two specimens before me, 2 @” @ in my own collection,
from Roumania.

Dark yellowish grey, 3} to 4 mm. long with 4 not very well-
defined thoracic blackish stripes, of which the middle pair attain
the anterior margin. Abdomen with blackish dorsal stripe on 2nd
segment. Palpi distinctly spatulate at tip, flattened, nearly as
long as the shining black proboscis. Frontal space } width of head,
mainly occupied by whitish eye margins, but leaving a very narrow
black stripe. Legs black, knees pale, hind femora with a single
hair below, just beyond middle, and another at tip; hind tibize
with some comparatively long hairs on inner sides. Wing clear,
Ist posterior cell very narrowly open ; outer cross-vein long, nearly
straight.

PHILAMATOMYIA, Aust.,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 111, 295.

1909.

‘“ Greyish flies, not unlike Musca domestica, Linn., in general
appearance, but distinguishable at once, owing to the remarkable

go Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. IV,

proboscis. Front in @ narrow, its width in centre being from
one-eleventh to one-fifteenth of total width of head ; width of front
in @ at vertex, one-third of total width of head ; proximal portion
of proboscis (mentum) a strongly swollen chitinous bulb, distal
portion soft and fleshy, folded back under distal end of bulb when
not in use, but when in use extended, its terminal section consisting
of a ‘tubular extension’ which is protruded from between the
labella, and is surrounded at the distal extremity with a circlet
of stout chitinous teeth ; venation generally as in Musca domestica.’’

Mr. Austen proceeds to give a more detailed generic description
and adds the following chetotaxy :—

‘“ Thoracic bristles: humeral 3 (in co sometimes 4); post-
humeral I ; notopleural 2; presutural 1; supra-alar I; intra-alar
I; post-alar 3; dorso-central 4 or 5 (the large and conspicuous
bristles alone included—z or 3 in front of, 2 behind suture) ; inner
dorso-central 1; scutellar 4 (1 preebasal, I basal, I discal, I apical) ;
mesopleural, normally 6 (space between uppermost two greater
than that between any other two) ; sternopleural 1: 2.’’

Philematomyia insignis, Austen, 1909.
Loc. cit. ante, 208.

@7 @. India, Ceylon, Sokotra, Cyprus, Senegal and Congo
Free State.

Length of 17 7 @ 3—5'8 mm. ; of 25 2? 9 4—64 mm.

‘* Smoke-grey to isabelline-grey, or yellowish grey ; dorsum of
thorax with 4 dark longitudinal stripes, broader and clove-brown
or blackish in & , narrower and dark grey or brownishin 2 ; often
with an additional broad median stripe, most distinct in front and
behind; dorsum of abdomen with a tranversely elongate dark
blotch on Ist segment, not reaching hind margin, and a small clove-
brown median triangle at base of 2nd and 3rd segments, in some
specimens also with a similar but smaller and usually lighter mark
at base of 4th segment ; all hair and bristles on head, body and legs
black ; palpi ochraceous-buff ; wings hyaline or with a slight ochra-
ceous tinge, veins in proximal half buff or ochraceous-buff ; legs
black, femora grevish pollinose.’’ Types of ~ and ? from India
in the British Museum. Mr. Austen records it from the East from
Calcutta, 23-vi-o7, ‘‘on draught bullocks, burrowing into the
hair ’’ ; Mussoorie, ix-0o6 ; Allahabad, 11-x-05 [Howlett]; Bentota,
Ceylon, 13-vi-g1 [Yerbury]; Daukotuwa, Ceylon. ‘The above data
derived from specimens in the British Museum.

N.B.—This species (identified by its author in the case of some
of the specimens examined) figures in the Indian Museum from
Calcutta (where it is common also from May to September), 15-ii-08
[Annandale] and 5-iii-05 [Brunetti]; Chittagong, 14-vii-o8 [ Lt.-Col.
Hall|; Mandalay, 13-iii-o8; Kawkareik (North ‘Tenasserim),
5-11-08, on cattle ; Rangoon, 25-ii-o8 ; and Port Canning (30 miles
south of Calcutta), 21-vii-o7, and Quilon, S. India, 9-xi-08 [all

IQI0. | E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. gl

Annandale]; Puri; Bengal, 2-11i-08, Purneah, N. Bengal, 7-viii-07,
Madhupur, Bengal, 15-x-0g, and Victoria Gardens, Colombo, 26-iv-08
fall Paiva}; Cawnpore, xii-04 [brunetti|; Allahabad, 12-viii-o9
[Lord]; Purulia, Bengal, 13-x-og. I have it in my own collection
from Rangoon (both sexes not uncommon), 23-x1i-04 to I-111-05, and
18-viii-06 ; Calcutta, 24-vii-o4 and 22-viii-o4 ; Jubbulpore, India,
15-xi-07, and Telok-Ayer, N. Borneo, 29-vii-06, all the specimens
taken by me.

PRISTIRHYNCHOMYIA, mihi, gen. nov.

With the exception of an important modification of the pro-
boscis, identical with Philematomyia, Aust., the general characters,
the venation and cheetotaxy agreeing exactly.

The two parts of the proboscis, however, are structurally re-
versed, the wide basal part being fleshy and flexible, the second
part (of about equal length) being sub-cylindrical, black and
distinctly chitinized, possibly retractile to the extent of its with-
drawal partly or wholly within the fleshy basal portion. At the
end of the chitinous portion is a soft fleshy tip, the terminal
orifice being of the shape of a triangle with a rounded base (the
edges being thickened somewhat by a rim bearing the teeth). At
the apex of the triangle is a single black tooth, whilst arranged
around the orifice above are three pairs of similar black teeth.

Under high microscopic power the apparent ‘‘rim”’ of the
orifice is seen to be the base of each tooth extended considerably
on each side, so that the ‘‘ rim’ is not continuous.

The new genus is intermediate between Philematomyia and
Musca, but the presence of the teeth suggests that it can hardly
be other than a “‘ biting fly.”

Pristirhynchomyia lineata, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Calcutta. Long. 4-5 mm.

Head. Yellowish grey, whitish grey when viewed from below.
Frons at level of antenne } width of head, slightly narrower at
vertex ; with a broad dull black median stripe (widest in the middle).
Vertical triangle blackish, distinctly raised, with 3 pairs (rarely 4)
of bristles, the upper pair small, the lower pair strong and long.
Normally 7 strong fronto-orbital bristles placed along the edge of
the black centre stripe, above these are two very minute ones, with
a powerful one above these, this latter one being level with the
centre of the ocellar triangle. ‘The upper strong bristle, and the
7 large fronto-orbital ones are always present.

Outside this row is an irregular row of very small but distinct
bristles. T'wo minute vertical bristles, and a pair of strong ones on
vertex near the upper corner of each eye. Antenne blackish grey,
3rd joint lighter ; 2nd joint with several short stout bristles and
one much stronger one, Arista considerably thickened at base ;

)

92 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. IV

7 or 8 nearly straight long hairs on upper side and 4 or 5 on lower

Fic. 1.—Proboscis of Pristivhynchomyia lineata;
dorsal view of specimen mounted in canada balsam
for microscopic examination.

side, with some very
minute additional
ones on basal half
(both above and
below). Buccal
opening blackish,
with a row of strong
spiny bristles each
side, the uppermost
one being the strong-
est; a number of
very small bristly
hairs on under side
of epistome. Palpi
blackish grey, cy-
lindrical, narrowed
towards base, with
very short irregular
bristles.

Proboscis consist-
ing of a sub-conical
thickened fleshy
basal portion, fol-
lowed by a subcy-
lindrical, chitinous
black portion (both
portions about equal
in length); at the

end of the latter a softer tip bearing 7 black teeth in accordance

with the generic description.

Fic. 2.—Proboscis of Pristivhynchomyia lineata; profile view of dried specimen.

—————— eee er lee

IgI0.] E. Brunetti: Blood-sucking Muscide. 93

Thorax. Varies from dark ash-grey (sometimes with a bluish
tinge), to distinctly yellowish grey. Normally, the markings
of the dorsum appear as four stripes, the inner pair barely inter-
rupted at the suture but slightly widened behind it ; the outer
pair less regular, distinctly interrupted at the suture ; in front of
which the direction is changed, pointing to, and nearly reaching,
the shoulders ; and behind which, the stripes, seen from behind,
appear widened near the bases of the wings; thence narrowing
and disappearing before attaining the posterior border of the
dorsum. Scutellum and sides of thorax concolorous.

Chetotaxy as in Philematomyia insignis, Aust. The whole
surface of the dorsum is covered with minute bristles. Of the dorso-
central rows of bristles, the intermediate smaller ones are larger in
size than in that species, but 5 or 6 macrocheete are usually evident
behind the suture and 2 (with a lesser, intermediate but by no
means minute one) in front of it.

Abdomen. Ist segment blackish, remainder yellowish grey ;
2nd and 3rd narrowly black at the base and on posterior border.
A rather narrow dorsal black line extends over both segments;
4th segment with two small elongated blackish dorsal spots.

The whole abdomen with short stiff hairs; no macrochete,
but a row of rather stronger bristly hair near posterior border of
each segment ; these being somewhat stronger and longer towards
the sides and on the 4th segment. Belly concolorous, with short, stiff
hairs. Ovipositor capable of complete withdrawal; when _pro-
truded, a conspicuous, yellowish grey, nearly bare, cylindrical organ
with a strong, black, hard apical knob.

Legs. Black, with a little greyish reflection in certain lights ;
minutely spinose. Fore femora with several longitudinal rows of
strong bristles on outer side, a stronger spiny row on under side ;
middle femora with 2 or 3 short, stiff bristles on hinder side near
tip ; hind femora with 2 or 3 similar bristles below, near tip.

Anterior tibiae with 2 distinct spines at tip, shorter ones on
hind pair ; middle tibiz with 3 or 4 bristles on hinder side ; hind
tibiae with apparently an irregular row of similar bristles on outer
side.

Wings. Pale grey, veins yellow on fore border and _ base,
blackish elsewhere. Costa with a few short black bristles at base.
Tegule yellowish grey, upper scale small, quadrangular. Halteres
very small, yellow.

Described from a good series of ? @ in the Indian Museum
taken in Calcutta inearly December,1907. I have seen no specimen
that I can assume to be the @ of this species.

It may be remarked that Dr. Annandale has repeatedly ob-
served this fly distended with blood, and actually sucking open
sores on cattle. ‘Though the proboscis itself is not sufficiently
stiff to pierce the skin the toothed tip would easily enlarge a small
hole, otherwise made.

—- ~ - ~

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

1.—Stomoxys calcitrans, 1,., head o , front view.

2.— vd., head @ , profile.

3.— wd., head ¢ , front view.

4.— Ves arista.

5.— 1d., thoracic bristles, viewed from above.
6.— id., rd., lateral view.

— ta.., wing.

8—I11.— 4a. abdomen (8, typical).

12.—S. indica, Picard.

13.—S. triangularis, Brun., sp. nov. r

14.—S. oblongopunctata, Brun., sp. nov.
15.—Bbdellolarynx sanguinolentus, Aust., head &.

16,.— id., heads ¢
Ge td., arista.
18.— id., wing.

19.--- id., abdomen.

Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol.IV, 1910. Plate VI.

15 x16. 18x8.

“Out ) skeet

a deli a Wee ppexeit eeagsch er ee ti.
eer ihs hens Pua atte Gey! soeadaey ay

Fe ae Oha2 LUN Ate on] > BPS) eee Bhi -
Pais t ev,

pated 9. Je >
So )s eee io :
> ‘
ata aS
. ae rf Lt ean at '. 7
- a
: , AD a aha -
reaviuen Fo) ae uh a ;
2 i 7, - i : * wns brie - 5 aa! 3 242
Or 2 ree > Ee ‘Sao. © rt a ER ; ;
awed “tatebey ity hela Peek ei Pesatss es Oe LL ee oa :
$e var 7 = i
; na so priors : ‘to > ofite 4
»* ong Pry) Sozst)if Pe, ba . 1d a
e a tatohe “ .*
i valy ene pos ek: *s a . ri
‘ 1 7 2 ”
a A taahicut) sant : ' tee

bette ate ve 2 a 7
: a, a ar
ale >t ape Lae bs VAP STNG TVS A 4 rr

sy
4 : is
;
4
:
e
»
-
7
-
7 =e P
al
¢ ? e
a 7 4
+
»
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.
»
: i
« =
f a
9 ¥ — >»

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

1.—Lyperosia minuta, Bezzi, head ~ , front view.

2.— Las, head o@, profile.
3.— td., head 9 , front view.
= 4d. arista.
5.— tae thoracic bristles, dorsal view.
6.— Mi biee id., side view.
’ ae td., wing.
8.—-L. exigua, Meij., head a.
9 vd., head @.
10.— id., abdomen.
II.— td., hind leg o.
12.—Philematomyia insignis, Austen, head, profile.
13.— vd., proboscis.
14.— id., head o, profile (small var-
iety).
15.— td., head @ , front view.
16.— 1d., thoracic bristles.
17.— 1a., wing.

18.—Pyistirhynchomyia lineata, Brun., sp. nov., head ¢ , front view.
19.— id., head, profile.

Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol.IV, 1910. |

‘
7

‘

Vo A NEW: ARRANGEMENT -O) DEE
EN DIAN <A N OP HEL INA.

by S. P. James, M.D., Major, Indian Medical Service ;
Secretary to the Committee for the Study of Malaria in India.

The following tabular statement shows (1) the names of the
groups or genera in which the anopheline mosquitoes of India are
at present arranged by Mr. Theobald, and (2) the characters by
which Mr. Theobald identifies the genera and distinguishes them
from one another.

large flat scales
as in Culex,

It has to be noted also that Mr. Theobald has stated that the
common Indian species vosst cannot be placed in any of these
genera and that a genus Pseudomyzomyia would be created for its

96 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor IV,

reception. So far as I am aware the characters of this genus have
not yet been published.

A careful examination of the above table will convince the
reader that it would be very difficult, if not impossible, correctly
to arrange the Indian species generically by its aid. Those who
have worked at the subject will be aware also that the defining
descriptions can be criticised as being, (1) incorrect (e.g., the
description of the abdominal ornamentation in the genus
Nyssorhynchus; there are no lateral scale tufts in mosquitoes of
this genus), or (2) inadequate (e.g., the descriptions of the genera
Cellia and Neocellia), or (3) confusing and indefinite (¢.g., the des-
criptions of the forms of wing scales). The difficulties caused
by these defects have led to much criticism of the system of classi-
fying the Anopheline on a basis of scale and hair covering, but it
is probable that the fault lies not so much with the system as with
the inadequate and confusing nature of the generic definitions.
In this revision I shall try to avoid similar defects, but limits of
space prevent me from giving more than a very brief summary of
my work ; and for the same reason I am prevented from explain-
ing in full why I differ from Mr. Theobald in regard to points of
detail.

A consideration of the best way in which to arrange the
Indian anophelines according to scale and hair ornamentation is
simplified if one starts by separating all the species in two great
groups, the first containing those without scales on the abdomen,
and the second containing those with scales on some part or the
whole of that region of the body. According to the published
descriptions of species the following come in the first of these
groups.

( atthent, James.
| immaculatus, Theobald.
| culictformis, James and Liston.
lindesayt, Giles.
gigas, Giles.
culictfacies, Giles.
Species without scales } listonz, Liston.
of any kind on the } leptomeres, ‘Theobald.
abdomen. jeyportensts, James.
turkhudt, Liston.
punctulata, James and Liston.
| elegans, James.
| nigrtfasciatus, Theobald.
| nurset, Theobald.

These 14 species are at present placed by Mr. Theobald in
the following groups or genera :—

In the genus Anopheles: aitkent, immaculatus, lindesayi
and gigas.
In the genus Stethomyia : culiciformis.

IgI0.] Ss. P. James: The Indian Anopheline. 97

In the genus Myzomyta: culicifacies, listont, leptomeres
and turkhudt.

In the genus Pyretophorus : jeyporrensts, punctulata,
elegans, nigrifasciatus and nurset.

I have examined many specimens of nearly all these species
and the following remarks contain the chief conclusions at which
I have arrived. (1) I have carefully examined specimens of
maculipennts, Meigen, and bifurcatus, Linneeus, and taking them
as the types of Mr. Theobald’s genus Amoheles, I am unable to
place in this genus any Indian species at present known to me.
(2) I find that the distinguishing character of the genus Stetho-
myta, namely, the presence of a few “‘ flat scales”’ on the head, is
not confined to the species placed by Mr. Theobald in that genus.
Mr. Theobald found that the original character upon which he
founded this genus (namely, the character ‘‘ mammilated prothora-
cic lobes ’’) was not distinctive, and now that the second character
has been found to be not distinctive the genus should be sunk.
Probably all the species now assigned to it would come in my new
genus Neostethopheles. (3) The use of the shape of wing scales
as a means of distinguishing between the genera of this first large
group of anophelines appears to me to be open to the objection
that it must always be doubtful whether, for example, the wing
scales are ‘“‘ large and lanceolate’’ or whether they are ‘‘ mostly
small, long and narrow, or slightly lanceolate.’’ I find, however,
that this character is the only one by which the genera Anopheles
and Myzomyta can be separated, and that unless it is agreed to
sink the latter genus under the former we must accept it. The
wing scales of Anopheles maculipennis are distinctly longer and
broader than those of Myzomyia culicifacies and Myzomyia listont,
but they are only very slightly longer and broader than those of
Myzomyia turkhudi. ‘The wing scales of Anopheles bifurcatus are
not so long nor so broad as those of Myzomyia turkhudi. If the
character is regarded as of general application to all the genera
endless confusion ensues. As I do not place any Indian species
in the genus Anopheles and asI neglect the character of the wing
scales for the grouping of the Indian species the subject need not
be further considered here, but it is very desirable to find a better
character for separating the genera Anopheles and Myzomyia. (4)
I believe that the Indian anophelines without scales on the abdo-
men can be arranged in groups based on characters much more
distinctive and easily recognized than those which Mr. Theobald
has chosen,

For the arrangement of the species without scales on the
abdomen I retain two of Mr. Theobald’s groups, namely, Myzomyia
and Pyretophorus, and create two new groups called respectively
Neostethopheles and Patagiamyva.

The following definitions include the characters by which the
four groups in which I arrange the 14 species without scales on the
abdomen may be identified and distinguished from one another.

98 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

Genus 1. NEOSTETHOPHELES, nov. gen. Abdomen with
hairs but without scales of any kind. Thorax with hairs and as a
rule without scales of any kind, but in one or two species a few
long, exceedingly narrow, false scales! may be present on the anterior
promontory only. Prothoracic lobes with hairs but without scales.
Upright forked scales of the head very narrow in their whole length
(vod shaped).

Type of the genus: aitkent, James. The distinguishing char-
acters of the genus are shown in Plate ix, fig. I.
I place the following species in this genus :—

attkent, James.
emmaculatus, Theobald.
culictformis, James and Liston.

Genus 2. MYZOMYTIA, Blanchard. Abdomen with hairs but
without scales of any kind. Thorax with the dorsum clothed with
long, very narrow, sharp-pointed, curved scales more numerous ante-
riorly and forming on the anterior promontory a bunch projecting
over the neck. Nearly all the scales are false scales. Prothoracic
lobes with hatrs but without a tuft of scales. Upright forked scales
of the head of the usual anopheline type, that ts broadly expanding
from the base to the apex.

Type of the genus: cwlicifacies, Giles. The distinguishing
characters of the genus are shown in Plate ix, fig. 2.
I place the following species in the genus :—

culicifacies, Giles.

listont, Liston (= christophersi, Theobald).
culicifacies, variety punjabensis.

turkhudt, Liston.

leptomeres, Theobald.?*

Genus 3. PATAGIAMYIA, nov. gen. Abdomen with hairs
but without scales of any kind. Thorax with the dorsum clothed
with long, narrow, curved, sharp-pointed scales which form on the
anterior promontory a thick bunch projecting over the neck. Some of
the scales are false scales and some are true scales. Prothoracic lobes
with a conspicuous tuft of rather broad true scales projecting anteri-
orly. Upright forked cephalic scales of the usual broadly expanding
type.

Type of the genus: gigas, Giles. At present the only other

1 In this revision false scales are defined as those without clearly marked striae.
There may be an appearance of linear marking, but separate striae cannot be
counted. True scales always have definite bars or striae passing from the base to
the apex of the scale. These striae often project beyond the apex, and when
the scale is examined under the microscope they can be easily counted.

2 When a species 1s marked with an asterisk it means that I have not examined
its seal ornamentation in detail and that it is placed in the genus only provi-
sionally,

detente ene

ees Wd

oe ss eT

_——

1910. ] S. P. JAMES: The Indian Anopheline. 99

Indian species in the genus is lindesayi, Giles. The distinguish-
ing generic characters are shown in Plate ix, fig. 3.

Genus 4. PYRETOPHORUS, Blanchard. Abdomen wtth hairs
but without scales of any kind. Thorax and scutellum with moder-
ately broad, rather short, true scales some of which are blunt ended
(ob-lanceolate). Prothoracic lobes with hairs and sometimes with two
or three scales scattered irregularly, but always without a bunch or
tuft of scales. Upright forked cephalic scales of the usual broadly
expanding type.

Type example of the genus: palestinensis, Theobald.' The
generic characters are shown in Plate ix, fig. 4.

I place the following species in the genus :—

elegans, James.

jey portensts, James.
nigrifasciaius, Theobald.*
nurset, Theobald.*

punctulata, James and Liston.*

I now take up the arrangement of the species which have
scales on some part or the whole of the abdomen. Omitting
certain varieties and doubtful forms they number 1g in all. At
present 17 of these species are usually classified in Mr. Theobald’s
genera as follows :—

In the genus Nyssorhynchus: maculatus, Theobald.
fuliginosus, Giles.
jamest, Theobald.
theobaldi, Giles.
macultpalpis, James and Liston.
karwart, James.
stephensi, Liston.
wtllmort, James.

In the genus Myzorhynchus : barbirostris, Van der Wulp.
sinensis, Wiedmann.
nigerrimus, James and Liston,
nigerrimus, Giles.

In the genus Cellia: pulcherrima, Theobald.

1 I name palestinensis as my type species because Mr. Theobald on page 71
of vol. iii of his monograph has figured the thoracic scales of this species The
figure shows quite broad true scales some of which are blunt ended, and on page
74 Mr. Theobald says that these scales ‘‘ of quite a different structure to the
narrow hair-like scales on turkhudi, clearly relegate it to the genus Pyretophorus.’’
According to my view a simple definition of the generic characters of Pyvetophorus
would be ‘‘ with Nyssorhynchus-like thoracic scales but with no scales on the
abdomen,’’ Costalis, whichI have not examined, is sometimes named as the type
species of the genus, but if its thoracic scales do not correspond to this simple
definition I should remove it.

100 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV

In the genus Neocellia: indica, Theobald.
intermedia, Rothwell.
dudgeontt, Theobald.

In the genus Aldrichia: error, Theobald.

Rossi, Giles, for which Mr. Theobald proposed a genus called
Pseudomyzomyta, and halli, James, which is a new species not yet
assigned to a genus, are not included in the list; they will be
considered separately in this account.

For the arrangement of the species in this second large group—
the group in which scales are present on the abdomen—I retain
the names of the groups Nyssorhvnchus, Myzorhynchus, Cellia, and
Neocellia, but I alter Mr. Theobald’s definitions of these groups so
as to make them represent clearly the scale characters of the
groups. In the second place I change the position of one or two
species that have been placed in wrong groups, and in the third
place I create two new groups, one for vosst, the other for hall.
I am unable to say anything about the genus Aldvichia, as I
have not seen the species which represents it.

Dealing first with the group Nyssorhynchus I agree with
Mr. Theobald in regarding the Indian species maculatus as a suitable
type of a group of anophelines characterized by the presence of
scales on only the last one, two, or three segments of the abdomen,
and I find that the scale structure of this species agrees in all
important respects with that of fuliginosus, jamesi, theobaldt,
macultpalpts and karwart. My definition of the group characters is
as follows :

Genus 5. NYSSORHYNCHUS, Blanchard. Abdomen with the
first five or stx segments ornamented with hairs only. The last three
or two segments and the genital processes carry in addition a number
of rather long, blunt-ended true scales on both the dorsal and ventral
surfaces. On the 8th segment and the genital processes the scales may
be arranged in patches or may cover the surface more or less evenly ;
but they are never aggregated together to form tufts of any kind.
Thorax with the dorsum covered with quite broad true scales usually
avranged in more or less parallel lines. On the anterior promontory
the scales ave wong and sharp-potinted and form a small bunch projec-
ting over the neck on each side of the middle line; on the mid region
and posteriorly they are broader and some are blunt-ended. The
scutellum carries a number of similar scales. Pyrothoracic lobes witth-
out a tuft of scales. Head with the usual kind of upright forked
scales.

Type of the genus, maculatus, Theobald. ‘The generic charac-
ters are shown in Plate x, jigs. 1 to 6.

I place the following species in this group :—

maculatus, ‘Theobald.
fuliginosus, Giles.
jamest, Theobald.
theobaldi, Giles

1910. |] S. P. James: The Indian Anopheline. IOI

karwan, James.
maculipalpis, James and Liston.

I have next to consider the species vossz, which in its scale
ornamentation exhibits some of the characters of the group Myzo-
myta and some of the group Nyssorhynchus. An examination of
a large number of specimens of this mosquito has shown that
although minor differences in the degree and character of the scale
ornamentation are common, the chief features, as figured in plate x,
igs. 7 to II, can always be made out on unrubbed specimens. I
describe them thus :—

Genus 6. NYSSOMYZOMYIA, nov. gen. Abdomen with the
first seven or six segments ornamented with hatrs only. The eighth
segment (sometimes also the seventh) and the genital processes carry in
addition a number of scales similar in character and arrangement to
those of the group Nyssorhynchus. Thorax with the dorsum clothed
with hairs and narrow, curved, sharp-pointed scales of various
lengths and quite similar to those of the group Myzomyia. In addi-
tion there are on each side of the anterior third of the dorsum a few
broader blunt-ended Nyssorhynchus-like scales. Prothoracic lobes
without a tuft of scales. Head with the usual type of upright forked
scales.

The species is, therefore, representative of a group intermediate
between Myzomyia and Nyssorhynchus, and is nearer to the latter
than to the former group. The term Nyssomyzomyia suitably
indicates that it possesses the characters of both groups and I
therefore apply this name to the genus instead of the name Pseudo-
myzomyia which Mr. Theobald proposed, but the characters of
which he has not yet described. ‘The characters of the genus
Nyssomyzomyia are shown in Plate x, figs. 7 to II.

I take up next the group NEOCELLIA, Theobald, several
members of which have usually been wrongly placed in the genus
Nyssorhynchus. The characters of this group are very different
from those of the group Cellia and the name Neocellia is therefore
quite misleading. Neonyssorhynchus would have been a more
suitable name, but the resemblance even to that group is not close.

The type species of the group is the Indian species indica,
Theobald. I define the group characters thus :

Genus 7. NEOCELLIA, Theobald. Abdomen with the dorsum
of each segment clothed irregularly with hairs and long, rather broad,
blunt-ended scales. The scales are not aggregated together to form
tufts of any kind, but they are more numerous and thickly set on the
last two segments than on the others. On the ventral surface the first
five segments are devotd of scales, but on this surface of the 6th, 7th,
and 8th segments they are present in considerable numbers, being
disposed irregularly but attached chiefly on each side of the mid line
and not forming tufts of any kind. Thorax clothed with broad true

102 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

scales. Prothoracic lobes with or without a few scales irregularly
disposed, but always without a definite bunch or tuft of scales. Head
with the usual type of upright forked scales.

The characters of this genus are shown in Plate xi. I place
the following species in it—

indica, Theobald.

stephensi, Liston.

willmort, James.

intermedia, Theobald.* (This perhaps = stephenst.)
dudgeonu, Theobald.* (This perhaps = willmort.)

Lastly, I have to consider the arrangement of the species in
which some of the abdominal scales are disposed so as to form
distinct bunches or tufts projecting from the dorso-lateral or from
the ventral surface of certain segments. These tufts form con-
spicuous objects readily seen with a hand-lens, and their presence
supplies an easy means of separating the following groups from
any of those described above. ‘The Indian species provided with
certain of these abdominal tufts of scales are (1) pulcherrima,
Theobald ; (2) senensts, Wiedmann (= vanus, Walker); (3) nigerri-
mus, James and Liston (which probably = sinensis, Wiedmann, and
vanus, Walker); (4) migerrimus, Giles; (5) barbivostris, Van der
Wulp; (6) hallx, James; and they must be arranged in three quite
distinct groups, the names of which are (1) Cellia, Theobald ; (2)
Myzorhynchus, Blanchard; and (3) Christophersia, nov. gen.

The following are my definitions of these groups :—

Genus 8. CELLIA, Theobald. Abdomen with the dorsum of
each segment clothed with very large and broad orbiculay and square-
ended scales which stand out somewhat from the surface and overlap
one another. In addition at the postero-lateral corner of each segment
from the ist to the 7th is inserted a bunch of large scales jorming a
tuft which projects laterally. Six tufts on each side are plainly

vistble with a weak lens. The ventral surface of each segment ts

clothed more or less evenly with very broad scales like those of the
dorsum, but the clothing ts not so thick as on that surface. The
postero-lateral tufts oj the dorsal surface ave visible on each side, but
there are no ventral tufts of scales projecting downwards. Thorax
clothed with very broad scales. Prothoracic lobes with a few scales
projecting forwards.

Type species of the genus, pulcherrima, ‘Theobald. The
generic characters are shown in Plate xi.

Genus 9. MYZORHYNCHUS, Blanchard. Abdomen with the
dorsal surface clothed with hairs only. On the ventral surface from
the apex of the seventh segment in the middle line a prominent bunch
oy tuft of rather long, black, true scales projects downwards. On the
ventral surface of the 6th, 5th, 4th and 3rd segments a few small white
scales may be present; if so, they are arranged somewhat irregularly

1gI0. | S. P. JAMES: The Indian Anopheline. 103

and do not form tufts. Thorax with the dorsum clothed with hairs
and narrow, sharp-pointed scales like those in the genus MyzoMyta.
Prothoracic lobes with a dense tuft of broad true scales projecting
anteriorly. Head with short very broadly expanding upright forked
scales.

Type species of the genus, barbivostris, Van der Wulp. The
generic characters are shown in Plate xii. The other species in
the genus are sinensis, Wiedmann, nigerrimus, James and Liston,
and nigerrimus, Giles.

Genus 10. CHRISTOPHERSIA, nov. gen. Abdomen with the
dorsum of each segment thickly clothed with hairs and lanceolate and
hlunt-ended scales which are not aggregated together to form tufts of
any kind. The ventral surface of each segment 1s devord of scales
except that from the apices of six segments in the mid line prominent
tufts of long, blunt-ended scales project directly downwards. These
tufts resemble the single abdominal tuft present tn the genus Myzor-
uyncHUS. Thorax clothed with rather narrow lanceolate and blunt-
ended true scales. Prothoracic lobes with a prominent tuft of true
scales. Head with the usual kind of upright forked scales.

Type of the genus: /alli, James. The generic characters are
shown in Plate xii.

It only remains now to summarize in tabular form the essen-
tial differences between the groups I have defined, to indicate
briefly how to place an anopheline in its correct genus, and to show
in the form of a table the changes made in the generic position of
the different Indian species.

How to ascertain the generic position of an anopheline.
(1) Using a microscope with a two-thirds inch objective and a
high power eyepiece (No. 8 or No. 12), examine the dorsal, lateral,
and ventral surfaces of the abdomen of the mosquito. If scales
are not immediately seen search carefully the last segment and
the genital processes. Upon the decision whether the abdomen
carries scales or not depends the accuracy of the subsequent
determination. The decision is always very easily made, but
especial care should be taken to examine the lateral and ventral
aspects of the abdomen as well as the dorsal aspect. If no scales
are present, the mosquito belongs to one of the first four genera.
(2) In that case next examine the head. It will be seen at once
whether the upright forked scales are of the usual broadly expand-
ing type (all the spotted-winged anophelines have scales of this type)
or whether the upright forked scales are very narrow in their whole
length (linear or rod-shaped). If they are rod-shaped the mosquito
belongs to the genus Neostethopheles. (3) If the upright forked
scales are of the usual broadly expanding type, next examine the
prothoracic lobes from the dorsal aspect. ‘To see one of them clear-
ly slant the pin so that the mosquito is turned more or less on its
side. A very little practice will overcome any initial difficulty

[Vou. IV

‘

Records of the Indian Museum.

104

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| |
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Se Oe ew se (LS? BA

‘SABJIVADYD IUAaUaH fo a7qv T

JO safeos poyxs10y yYSs1IdyQ

105

ne.

The Indian Anophel

S. P. JAMES

IQIO. |

‘ad4} Surpuedxe
jensn eq} JO

Aypeo1iq

‘ad A} Surpued

-xo A]peoiq jensn 9} JO

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‘SITLL ATVOS IVNINOGAV HIT

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106 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor ty 5

Table of Species.

Nene err nn nnn nn nee enn
Genus according to | CG aineee
Mr. Theobald’s | Bete ECON See
the arrangement

Specific name,
described here.

| Monograph of the

and IL. |

maculipalpis, variety indiensis, | Nyssorhynchus.
Theobald.

kavwari, James.

yosst, Giles.

| Nyssorhynchus.
Myzomytia, 1903.

| Pseudomyzomyia, 1907.
indica, Theobald. | Neocellia.

intermedia, Rothwell. lSnteoceiina:

Nyssorhynchus.*

| Nyssorhynchus.

Nyssomyzomyta.
Neocellia.
Neocellia.*

evvory, Theobald. | Aldvichia.
}

er ee ——

—

1910. | S. P. JAmes : The Indian Anopheline. 107

that may be experienced in obtaining a good view of one of these
bodies. It will at once be seen whether or not the lobe carries a
cocade of scales projecting anteriorly. If the lobe carries such a
cocade the mosquito belongs to the genus Patagiamyia. (4) Ifa
tuft of scales is not present on the lobe next examine the dorsal
surface of the thorax. If the scales are long, sharp-pointed, and
very narrow (that is, if it is rather difficult at a first glance to say
whether they are scales or hairs) the mosquito belongs to the genus
Myzomyia. Tf the scales are short and moderately broad (that is,
if it can at once be seen that they are true scales) the mosquito
belongs to the genus Pyretophorus.

In the second case we shall have detected the presence of
scales as well as hairs on one or more of the abdominal segments.
In that case proceed as follows: (1) The first point to decide is
whether or not some of the scales are aggregated to form tufts.
The appearance of these tufts is shown in Plate XII; they are
very definite objects and the mistake must not be made of regard-
ing as tufts the irregularly disposed scales that in some species
overhang the sides of the terminal abdominal segments. The
single tuft projecting downwards from the mid line of the ventral
surface of the 7th abdominal segment in anophelines of the genus
Myzorhynchus is the least easy to detect. In specimens of that
genus we usually see no scales during the examination of the
dorsal surface, and even when the mosquito has been turned
upside down for the examination of the ventral surface, the
ventral tuft may not be recognized because its very dark scales
are viewed against the equally dark background of the abdomen.
it is not until the mosquito has been turned on its side that the
ventral tuft is easily seen. That is why it is so important not to
neglect the examination of the last abdominal segments from
every direction of view. If it is found that the abdomen carries
only this single ventral tuft of scales, we can say at once that the
mosquito belongs to the genus Myzorhynchus. The determination
should be confirmed by finding that the thorax carries long, sharp-
pointed, myzomyia-like scales, and that the prothoracic lobes
carry a cocade of scales. (2) If on examining the dorsal surface
we see at once that it is clothed with very broad scales and that
tufts of scales project laterally from the sides of each segment,
the mosquito belongs to the genus Cel/ia. (3) If on examining the
dorsal surface we see that every segment carries scales and that
there are no lateral tufts, but that when the mosquito is turned on its
side a number of very prominent ventral tufts come into view, the
mosquito belongs to the genus Christophersia.

If our examination has shown that none of the abdominal
scales are aggregated to form tufts, it has to be decided whether
all the segments are provided with scales on their dorsal surface
or whether only the terminal segments carry scales. In the first
case the mosquito belongs to the genus Neocellia. In the second
case examine the thorax; if the scales are short and broad the
mosquito belongs to the genus Nyssorhynchus, if they are long,

108 Records of the Indian Museum. DVO felis

sharp-pointed, and very narrow, it belongs to the genus Nyssomy-
zomyia.

Hints. (1) When beginning the study of classification by
scale ornamentation always select good, unrubbed specimens. If
mosquitoes bred from larvee are being used do not kill them until 12
hours have elapsed from the time when they hatched out. The
best specimens are those which, bred under favourable conditions
from larve, have been allowed one meal of blood and then kept
in suitable jars until the meal has been digested. (2) Do not use
card-discs for mounting the mosquitoes to be used in studying
this subject. Cut off the head of the fine silver pin and mount
the mosquito on the pin so that an equal length of the pin pro-
jects from the dorsum and from the venter. ‘Then stick either the
point or the head end of the pin into a small block of pith or of
cork. For examination, the mosquito can now be pinned with
the dorsal, ventral, or lateral surface uppermost and a _ proper
view obtained. When card-discs are used this cannot be done,
because the disc is always in the way and hides the part one
desires to examine. (3) A knowledge of whether the scales are
false scales or true scales is not necessary for determining the
genus, but if it is desired to study this matter thoroughly, the
scales must be mounted flat on a slide and examined with a high
power objective. It is essential to carry out the same procedure
when it is desired to study thoroughly the shape of various scales.
(I refer of course to a closer study than is necessary for ascertain-
ing whether the upright forked scales of the head are rod-shaped
or broadly expanding, whether the thoracic scales are sharp-
pointed and very narrow or blunt-ended and broad, etc.). The
following is the simplest method of obtaining the particular scales
one wishes to study. Dissect out with a sharp knife the part of
the mosquito that carries the scales and place it on a slide under
a cover-glass. Tap and press the cover-glass slightly, then remove
it and slide the part of the mosquito away with the point of a
needle. Replace the cover-glass and fix it with strips of gummed
paper. Many scales will have remained on the slide during these
manipulations. Examine them with a 7: inch oil immersion lens
and draw them with the aid of an eyepiece camera lucida. (4) In
describing the shapes of scales it would be of great advantage if
all observers were to adopt the exact nomenclature used by
botanists in describing the shapes of leaves. This nomenclature is
given in all the elementary books on botany and is very applicable
to the shapes of scales. The botanical terms acicular, linear,
oblong, elliptical, rotundate, orbicular, lanceolate, ovate, oblan-
ceolate, obovate, spatulate, etc., have a definite meaning and
significance. ‘‘Tanceolate’’ is a botanical term commonly used
by entomologists, but it is used by them indifferently for scales of
very various shapes; a lanceolate leaf is broadest at the base and
scales with that character are seldom or never seen, though oblan-
ceolate scales arevery common. ‘he use of such terms as “ slight-
ly lanceolate,’ ‘‘long and narrow,’’ ‘‘ large and inflated,” etc.,

1910. | S. P. James: The Indian Anopheline. 109

can be criticised not only because these terms are so indefinite, but
because it would be easy to find botanical terms that would des-
cribe the shape of the scale in a single word that conveys the
same meaning to everyone. (5) It is particularly to be noted that
no detailed arrangement by scale ornamentation can be made that
will apply to both females and males. ‘The scale ornamentation
(especially on the last segments of the abdomen and genital pro-
cess) of male anophelines often differs considerably from that of
female anophelines. The arrangement described in this paper
applies throughout to the female insect only.

26-5-10.
ADDENDUM.

The issue of vol. v of Mr. Theobald’s Monograph while this
paper was passing through the Press has made it necessary to
add in the form of an appendix the characters of a new genus,
NEOMYZOMYIA, described by him. He has created the genus
for the reception of elegans, James, a species that I have not seen
for some years. The generic characters are shown in the following
statement :—

Abdomen. Thorax. | Head. Prothoracic lobes.
|

the genus Nyssor-| sharp-pointed) scales which form |

It will be seen that the genus is distinct from any of those
described above. It comes near to the genus Patagiamyia, but
the presence of scales on the last segment of the abdomen sepa-
rates it very distinctly and makes us place it in the second of the
two great groups. Mr. Theobald says that the scales of the wing
are Myzorhynchus-like and that the palpi are densely scaled, so
that the chief difference between the new genus and the genus
Myzorhynchus must be that in Myzorhynchus the scales of the
last abdominal segments are arranged as a ventral tuft while in
Neomyzomyia they are not aggregated to form a tuft but are
disposed irregularly as in the genus Nyssorhynchus. ‘The name
Neomyzomyta is rather misleading.

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EXPLANATION: OF “PVATE 7 LS

The figures show from left to right the upright forked scales
of the head, the hairs or scales on the dorsum of the thorax,
and the hairs or scales on the prothoracic lobes. The drawings of
these structures relate respectively to

The genus NEOSTETHOPHELES (Fig. 1.)
ms ,, MyYZOMYIA (Hise)
Sy oy EAT AGTAMY TA (Fig. 3.)
PYRETOPHORUS (Fig. 4.)

In Fig. 2 the three thoracic scales shown are false scales ; in
Fig. 3 one scale is a false scale and two are true scales; in Fig. 4
all are true scales.

Plate IX.

Zl Ind. Mus.,Vol.IV, 1910.

D.Bagchi, lith.

S.P. James, del.

: t anh - a Sse Met ie , : ;
si Nf 8a, 2 a i) a * mers) 1 Oe: re fe eres C = :

y wr wt *
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sts 272 eh eee kere lke hie add 53 sory Ree artic nie ik »
ated ee ies lah Babe: Arad) mM ote Soe of.
EY OHEP Satie are oer slag te Teg ks Sty omens *
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EXPLANATION: OF PLATE 3

The upper half of the plate (Figs. 1 to 6)

relates to the genus .. NYSSORHYNCHUS.
The lower half is the plate (Figs 7 £Ov EB)
relates to the genus .. NYSSOMYZOMYVIA.

Details of the upper half of the plate—-From left to right the
drawings are, (1) abdomen from the dorsal aspect, (2) abdomen
from the ventral aspect, (3) last segment of abdomen and genitalia,
(4) thorax. Fig. 5 shows three of the abdominal scales as
drawn with the aid of a camera lucida under a 75-inch oil immer-
sion objective and low eyepiece. Fig. 6 shows some of the
thoracic scales drawn by the same method. The three thoracic
scales to the left are from fuliginosus and the three to the right
are from maculatus.

Details of the lower haif of the plate-—Genus Nyssomyzomyia.
The thoracic and abdominal scale ornamentation of ross? is shown.
Fig. 8 shows the ventral surface of the last abdominal segments.
The long pointed false scales and the hair on the right of the plate
are from the anterior promontory and mid region of the dorsum of
the thorax; and the two true scales below the short black line.
(Fig. 11) are from the ventral surface of the last abdominal seg-
ment.

Placee ee

Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. JV, 1910.

SES
=

5.P. James, del

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.

The upper half of the plate (Figs. 1 to 5)

relates to the genus ie 7 / . NBOCELLIA:
The lower half of the plate (Figs. 6 to 10)
relates to the genus ze CELLIA.

In both cases the following structures are shown: (1 and 6)
abdomen from the dorsal aspect, (2 and 7) abdomen from the
ventral aspect, (3 and 8) abdomen from the side; (4 and 9)
abdominal scales and (5 and 10) thoracic scales. As regards the
genus Neocellia some of the scales (the larger ones) are from willmort
and others (the smaller) from stephensi. As regards the genus Cellia
all the scales are from pulcherrima.

ale.

Plate, XI.

ec. Ind. Mus.,Vol IV, 1910.

py?

PAs

D. Bagchi, hth

'S.P. James, del.

ee “y

¢ar™

oan

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“Se erp

Nie Ge os
tg

far

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

The upper half of the plate (1.) relates to the

Genus =. ig ae MyZzORHYNCHUS.
The lower half of the plate (2.) relates to the
genus ave re CHRISTOPHERSIA.

In both cases the scale ornamentation of the abdomen, thorax,
and prothoracic lobes is shown. ‘The two scales below the lateral
view of the abdomen in I. are from the ventral abdominal tuft.

Plate

fad Mas.Vel IV, 1910.

3
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Other Publications edited and sold by the Superintendent of the Indian
Museum (also obtainable from Messrs. Friedlander & Sohn) issued
by the Director of the Royal Indian Marine.

‘Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. ‘‘ Investigator ’’ 1892, Fishes, Plates 1 to VII.

_ €rustacea, Plates I to V, 1894. Fishes, Plates VII to XIII. Crustacea, Plates VI to VIII. Ech-

inoderma, Plates I to III, 1895. Echinoderma, Plates IV and V. Fishes, Plates XIV to XVI.
Crustacea, Plates IX to XV, 1896. Crustacea, Plates XVI to XXVII, 1897. Fishes, Plate XVII.
Crustacea, Plates XXVIII to XXXII. Mollusca, Plates I to VI, 1898. Fishes, Plates XVITT te
XXIV. Crustacea, Plates XXXIII to XXXV. Mollusea, Plates VII and VIII, 1899. Fishes.
Plates XXV and XXVI. Crustacea, Plates XXXVI to XLV, 1900. Fishes, Plates XXVII to
XXXV: Crustacea, Plates XLVI to XLVIII. Index, Part I, 1901. Crustacea, Plates XLIX

. to LV. Mollusca, Plates-IX to XIII, 1902. Crustacea, Plates LVI to LXVII. Crustacea, Plates

LXVIII to LX XVI. Fishes, Plates XXXVI to XX XVIII, 1905. Crustacea (Malacostraca), Plates
LXXVII to L.XXTX. Crustacea (Entomostraca\, Plates IT and TI. Molinsca, Plates XIV to
XVIII, 1907. Fishes, Plates XXXIX to XLIII. Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates III to V.
Mollusca, Plates XIX and XX, 1908.—Re. 1 per plate, Mollusca, Plates XXI to XXIII, 1909.—

As, 8 per plate.

RECORDS
of the

INDIAN MUSEUM

Vol. I, 1907.

Part I.—Coutributions to the Fauna of the Arabian Sea, Records of Hemiptera and
Hymenoptera from the Himalayas. Further notes on Indian Freshwater Ento-
mostraca. The Faunaof Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, lower Bengal, I—III
A Sporozoon from the Heart of a Cow. Miscellanea,

Part II.—Revision of the Oriental Stratiomyide. Description of an Oligochete
Worm allied to Cha@togaster. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning,
Lower Bengal, IV. Further Note on a Polyzoon from the Himalayas. Reports
on a collection of Batrachia, Reptiles and Fish from Nepal and the Western
Himalayas. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, V.
Notes on Oriental Diptera, I and II. Miscellanea,

Part IIT.—Report on the Marine Polvzoa in the collection of the Indian Museum.
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VI. A third note
on Earwigs (Dermaptera) in the Indian Museum, with the description of a new
species. Notes on Oriental Diptera, III. Description of a new snake from Nepal.
Notes on a collection of marketable fish from Akyab, with a description of a new
species of Lactarius. Description of two freshwater Oligochete Worms from the
Punjab. Notes on Phosphorescence in Marine Animals. Notes on the rats of
Dacca, Eastern Bengal. Notes on Freshwater Sponges, I—V. Miscellanea.

Part IV.—Nudiclava monocantht, the type of a new genus of Hydroids parasitic
on Fish. Preliminary descriptions of three new Nycteribiide from India| Anno-
tated Catalogue of Oriental Culicide. Notes on Oriental Diptera. Notes on
Freshwater Sponges, VI, VII. Description of a new Cyprinid Fish of the genus
Danio from Upper Burma. Miscellanea,

Vol. II, 1908-1909.

Pari I.—The retirement of Lieut.-Col. Alcock, with a list of his papers, etc., on Indian
Zoology. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VIT.
Description of a New Dictyonine Sponge from the Indian Ocean. Notes on
Freshwater Sponges, VIII. Remarkable cases of variation, I. Description of a
new species of Lizard of the genus Salea, from Assam. The Fauna of Brackish
Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VIII. Description of a new Cavernico-
lous Phasgonurid from Lower Siam. Descriptions of new species of Marie and
Freshwater Shells in the collection of the Indian Museum. Notes on Oriental
Syrphide, I. Description of a new variety of Spongilla loricata. Notes on
Oriental Diptera, V. Miscellanea.

Part IT.—Gordiens du Musée Indien. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning,
Lower Bengal, IX. Description of a new species of Danio from Lower Burma.
Rhynchota Malayana, I. Cimex rotundatus, Signuoret. Notes on Freshwater
Sponges, IX. Fruit Bats of the genus Pleropus inhabiting the Andaman and
Nicobar Archipelagos. A new species of Sun-Bird obtained near Darjiling.
Three Indian Phylactoleimata. On two new species of Eagle-Rays (Myliobatide),
Description of a new species of the genus Sesarma, Say., from the Andaman
Islands. Descriptions of new species of Land, Marine, and Freshwater Shells from
the Andaman Islands.

Part IIT.—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, X, XI. On
some Oriental Solifuge with descriptions of new forms. The difference between
the Takin (Budorcis) from the Mishmi Hills and that from Tibet, with notes
on variation displayed by the former. On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its
varieties. Description of a new species of Charaves from the Bhutan Frontier.
First Report on the Collection of Culicide and Corethride in the Indian Museum,
with descriptions of new genera and species. Miscellanea

Part IV.—Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H.
Stewart in 1907, I. Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum, I,
Indian Psychodide, Description of a new species of mouse from the Madura
District, Madras. Some Cleride of the Indian Museum. The Fauna of
Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, XII. Description of a new
species of Saw-Fish captured off the Burma Coast. A new Sting Ray of the
genus Trygow from the Bay ot Bengal. New Micro-lepidoptera from India and
Burma. Notes on some Chrysomelid Beetles in the collection of the Indian
Museum. Six new Cicindeline from the Oriental Region, Description of a
new slug from Tibet.

ea Laan

Mie TS FLOW SOF THESE CIES ‘OF
Lea OS FROM THE OR LTEN TAT RE -
GION, INCLUDING. NOTES.ON SPECIES
FROM SURROUNDING COUNTRIES.

By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

The Oriental Region in this paper includes India, Burma,
Federated Malay States, Siam, Annam, Sumatra, Borneo, Java,
and other islands, the Philippines, Formosa, and the southern
part of China, as defined by Wallace and others, but Celebes is
not included, following the eastern dividing line adopted by
Sclater, so that, as a rule, the species from Celebes are not
included here, but relegated to the Austro-Malay Region ; judging
from the Bigot and Walker types I have seen from Celebes, they
certainly (with one or two exceptions included here) appear to
have little affinity to the Indo-Malay, Borneo and Java species.

The material on the examination of which this paper is based,
includes the British Museum collection, a collection sent me by
Dr. Annandale from the Indian Museum for identification, a
smaller collection from Mr. F. M. Howlett, from the Pusa Agri-
cultural Research Institute, Bengal; besides species sent by Dr.
Kertesz from the Budapest Museum. ‘To Dr. A.’T. Stanton I am in-
debted for an interesting series of species collected in the Federated
Malay States. From Col, Alcock I have had a small collection to
identify belonging to the London School of Tropical Medicine.
Through the courtesy of the Director and of M. Jacques Surcoutf
of the Paris Museum, I have been able to examine most of the
Macquart and Bigot types in their possession. ‘Through the
courtesy of the authorities of the Natural History Museum
at Genoa, I was able to examine Rondani’s types in their
collection. I am indebted to Mr. G. H. Verrall for his loan
of the majority of the Bigot types, which, as a rule, would
be very difficult to recognize from the descriptions, based in
many cases on single specimens, and now at any rate in a
very denuded condition. Bigot labelled many of the specimens
in the Indian Museum collections, but most of them are merely
MS. names, where he made a new species and published the descrip-
tion, he evidently interchanged the specimens with the Museum and
his own collection, so that some of Mr. Verrall’s Bigot types have
co-types from the same series of specimens in the Indian
Museum collection. His specification of localities is very vague,

ale? Records of the Indian Museum. Vio. aye

‘““India’’ alone frequently being given for Assam; Dr. Annandale
informs me in a letter that M. Bigot destroyed most of the original
labels and substituted others in which only ‘‘Inde’’ was written.
Owing to denudation it is frequently difficult to identify species of
Tabanus, and probably with the advent of fresh material much
rectification may be necessary, especially as regards the identifica-
tion of the older species. The synonyms given here are very
numerous, but have been chiefly determined from the more
important plastic characters, such as breadth of forehead,
its. greater or less narrowness anteriorly above the eyes,
and the shape of the frontal callus; beth these characters
vary, but to a small extent only; the shape of the palpi is
also a valuable character if not relied upon too minutely ;
the absence or presence of an appendix on the wing is a very
variable, uncertain, character; the closed or extremely narrow
first posterior ‘cell at border of wing appears fairly reliable,
but males and females probably vary in this character. Rondani
formed the genus Bellaydia for species possessing this character
(Archiv. Canestr., iii, p. 81, 1863), but it does not appear a good
generic character and has not been adopted by other authors.
The design and colouring of the abdomen must naturally be largely
made use of, though owing to the easy denudation of the tomen-
tose dust which usually forms the spots and stripes, it is often
difficult to identify species; the colouring of the hairs on body and
legs is useful, but it appears to vary in specimens of the same
species to some extent, especially as regards the legs; the shining
polished subcallus in some species appears a reliable distinct
character, though here again denudation must be borne in mind.
The subgenus Therioplectes, Zeller, formed for species with pubes-
cent eyes and with an ocelligerous tubercle on vertex of forehead,
appears applicable to the species of the Oriental Region, though
their number is very small; but it is otherwise with the subgenus
Atylotus, Osten Sacken, formed for species with pubescent eyes but
no ocelligerous tubercle, some species such as the widely distributed
Tabanus taenvatus, Macq., and other species from this Region have
an Atylotus-like appearance, that is to say, they resemble the
group containing fulvus, rusticus, and others, of a mealy coloured
appearance, Brauer placed black and other species in this group,
in his work on European Tabanidae ; but the eyes are practically
bare in both sexes, so that this subgenus as in the South African
fauna is not here applicable. The grouping of the species has
been again attempted as in those of the South African Region, but
where it is based upon the presence or absence of spots on the
abdomen it, will probably need correction in the future, the group
represented by Tabanus funufer, Walker, being one of the most
difficult in this fauna. The table of species has been drawn up for
the females, only males are included in a few instances where
specified ; as is always the case, the males in the collections are very
few in number. The measurement of the length of the forehead is
based on the width anteriorly above the eyes. In the references

IQITI.| G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. II3

here to Macquart’s Dipt. Exot. volumes the original pagination
is used, unfortunately in some of the reprints of the work from
Mem. Sci. Agri. et Arts de Lille, 1838—1854, in which publication
the work first appeared, the original pagination has not been
adhered to, and in this incorrect form has been in general use.
As the descriptions by Walker and Bigot are, as a rule, too poor for
identification of the species, it appears justifiable to delete from
the list of species of Tubanus any types of either of these authors
which are now lost or destroyed. All types, except those of Bigot
and Macquart which are either in Mr. Verrall’s possession, or in the
Paris Museum, or as in the case of Macquart in the Lille Museum,
are in the British Museum collection unless otherwise specified.

There were about 119 described species of Tabanus from the
Oriental Region, now reduced by synonyms, deletion from list or
not belonging to the Oriental Region to about 73 species, which
with the addition of 40 new species described here (4 were pub-
lished first in the Annals) brings the total to 117 species, including
one species from Celebes, and 3 species from other Regions occur-
tring here. The table for species does not include those species of
which I have no knowledge, except in a few instances where the
descriptions allow of their being included with some certainty.

The drawings in the two plates have been executed by Miss
Grace Edwards.

TABLE FOR GROUPS.

I. Eyes bare res ie 3 lee
Eyes hairy (Thertoplectes) = GROUP esi.) (OL.
II. Forehead with two separate calli, the first

one usually transverse, the second irre-

gular in shape, smaller. Forehead four

to six times as long as it is broad. Small

species 9—1I4 mm. in length ie TE
III. Thorax and scutellum same colour. Ab-

domen with no bands ey Pe pGROUP)I, I.

Scutellum white or yellow-haired. Abdomen
with white or yellow-haired bands .. Group II. 4.

IV. Forehead with two small round spot-like
calli, one above the other, never united .. Group III. 7.
V. Forehead with no callus Ag .. GROUP a

VI. Forehead with one square, narrow, or oblong

callus, which is always prolonged towards
the vertex by a more or less narrow line. . VII.

VII. Wings with spots or bands .. .. Group V. Io.

Wings distinctly marked with brown or yellow
colouring, but not in the form of bands.
Large species 18—23 mm. in length .. Group VI. 13.

I14 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vox. IV,

Species with one or more stripes usually
continuous on abdomen. Forehead five
to nine times as long as it is broad > GROUP VILLE a7s

Species with median or lateral spots or both
on abdomen, not usually forming a conti-
nuous stripe. Forehead four to ten times
as long as it is broad a 2. GROUP VITIE S36:

Species with paler bands and sometimes spots
onabdomen. Forehead four to ten times
as long as it is broad ay +32 GROUP JEXe 93538

Species with the abdomen unicolorous or
almost so, sometimes darker at apex.
Forehead five to ten times as long as
it is broad 32 : nf GROUP X. 765.

VIII. Species with eyes pabeseeat and an
ocelligerous tubercle on forehead at
vertex aN ye 1 GROUP DU:

TABLE FOR SPECIES.

Group I.
1. Subcallus shining. ie with no
cross-bands 2.
Subcallus not shining. Eyes with
cross-bands 2

. Frontal callus reaching eyes. Ab-
domen grey, covered with long
white pubescence. Tibiae whit-
ish with long fringes of white
hairs ane . varus, 1. Sp.
Frontal callus not reaching eyes.
Abdomen black, shining. Tibiae
whitish, but with no long fringes
of white hairs on .. hirvitpalpis, n. sp.
3. Frontal callus reaching eyes. Black

species with three grey stripes on
abdomen ie .. bicallosus, Ricardo.

Group II.

4. Dark brown or yellowish brown
species with yellow-haired scutel-
lum and yellow-haired bands on
abdomen Be 3 5.

Black species with white-haired
scutellum and white-haired bands
on abdomen

5. Abdomen reddish brown or yellow
with six narrow yellow bands.

Igtt.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. II5

Palpi pale yellow with black and

yellow pubescence. Fore tibiae

pale on basal two-thirds only .. flavicinctus, n. sp.
Abdomen dark reddish brown or

blackish with two broad yellow

bands. Palpi black with grey

tomentum and white and black

hairs. Fore tibiae pale to apices... leucocnematus, Bigot.

6. Abdomen black with two white

bands. Frontal callus almost

reaching eyes. Fore tibiae pale on

basal two-thirds only. Wings

tinged brown on fore border .. bicinctus, n. sp.
Abdomen with six white bands.

Frontal callus not reaching eyes.

Fore tibiae pale to apices. Wings

clear a Ee .. sexcinctus, n. Sp.

Group III.

7. Forehead slightly narrower anterior-

ly, three and a half to four times

as long as it is broad bis 8.
8. Abdomen blackish covered with

golden yellow tomentum and ap-

pressed yellow pubescence .. fulvus, Meig.

Abdomen yellowish with median
and lateral blackish or brownish
Stripes: is. a _. ditaeniatus, Macq.

Group IV.

g. Abdomen brown, reddish at base,

covered with grey tomentum and

with two small round greyish spots

on the segments. Wings with no

appendix. Length7}to1I mm. virgo, Wied.
Abdomen blackish brown with me-

dian and lateral greyish tomentose

spots. Wings with an appendix.

Length 13 mm. 7 _. nemocallosus, Ricardo.
Abdomen covered with greyish yel-

low tomentum and with thick

short yellow pubescence, 2: abdo-

men the same but a black mediar

stripe often appears, ~. Wings

with noappendix. Length 113-12}

mm. ae Be .. negativus, n. Sp.

Group V.

10. Wings with four dark spots. Abdomen
reddish brown, with white spots javanus, Fabr.

116 Records of the Indian Museum. {Vor,.. EV

Wings with one cross-band, the first
posterior cell open a
Wings with two cross-bands, the
first posterior cell closed or very
narrow He
11. Forehead narrowest at ‘vertex. Ab-
domen reddish, darker at apex,
with small white median spots
Forehead narrowest anteriorly. Ab-
domen yellowish, darker at apex,
with larger white spots :
12, Abdomen brownish yellow, with
broad yellow posterior bands on
each segment, under side yellow-
ish. Antennae reddish yellow. &
with equal facets to eyes
Abdomen brownish red with narrower
yellow bands, under side darker.
Antennae reddish yellow, black at
apex. o with unequal facets to
eyes

Group VI.

13. Wings dark rich brown, the discal
cell clear. Large black species
with orange-red pubescence on

face and breast. Antennae red ..

Smaller species similar in Sain
Antennae black
Wings yellowish or brownish, very
distinctly tinged with brown at
apex and on _ posterior border.
Scutellum yellow or greyish :

14. First posterior cell of mass closed or
very narrow

First posterior cell open, not. very
narrow .

15. Abdomen reddish brown, narrow,
with grey tomentose bands and
median spots. Palpi slender.
First posterior cell closed

Abdomen brown with narrow grey
tomentose bands but no median
spots. Palpi large, broad. The
first posterior cell very narrow at
DOLGEL a As " :

Abdomen black, livid at base.
Smaller species. First posterior
cell closed

. optatus, Wik.

. non-optatus, n. sp.

. flexilis,. Wik.

vanderwulpi, O. S.

pratti, n. sp.

. fuscicornis, n. sp.

nephodes, Bigot.

. albofasctatus, n. sp.

basalts, Macq.

J} s

Ab
I5.
16.

rgl1.j G. Rricarpo: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 117

16. Large yellowish species with blackish
bands on the abdomen .. auriflamma, Wlk.

Group VII.

17. First posterior cell closed. Yellow-_
ish species with indistinct median
black stripe on abdomen .. annamitus, &., Bigot.
First posterior cell open 18.

. Frontal callus oblong or narrow its

lineal extension. Forehead at

least five times as long as it is

broad ats Pee IQ.
Frontal callus large, somewhat pro-

tuberant, almost square, with

short lineal extension. Forehead

three or four times as long as it

is. broad... Ys ! 36.
1g. Abdomen with a median stripe aed
lateral stripes or spots 20.

Abdomen with one median ne
nuous stripe only, no lateral spots,
or only isolated ones on the second

SEQIMENE ae 27.
Abdomen with lateral stripes only . 35.

20. Frontal callus with a spindle- Aneel
lineal extension ur als

Frontal callus with.the lineal exten-
sion not spindle-shaped
21. Abdomen blackish or reddish brown
with grey median and _ lateral
stripes, almost. all the same
tenet, 3.7. . styiatus, Fabr.
Abdomen with the grey median stripe
beginning only on the third seg-
ment, and with lateral stripes end-

ing on the third or fourth seg- .
ment fe. a .. Atlaris, Wik.

N
N

22. Abdomen with a median stripe, the

side spots small.and indistinct

Abdomen with a median stripe, the

side spots large and distinct .. 24.
23. Smaller species. Abdomen reddish

yellow, darker at apex. Thorax

blackish. Forehead eight times :

as long as it is broad .. abbreviatus , Bigot.
24. The median abdominal stripe com-

posed of almost equal sized spots,

not very large

iS)
Oo

25.

26.

27.

28.

20.

30.

Bae

33:

34.

Records of the Indian Museum.

The median abdominal! stripe com-
posed of spots of unequal size,
those on the third and fourth seg-
ments very large and conspicu-
ous ae

Abdomen aad thorax lilac or black-
ish brown, femora blackish.
Forehead about five times as long
as it is broad

Abdomen and thorax pboeecely oe
dish brown, femora reddish brown.
Forehead five to six times as long
as it is broad :

Abdomen and thorax reddish brown,
femora blackish. Forehead about
seven times as long as it is broad

Median stripe of abdomen grey
tomentose or white or yellow
haired : os

Median stripe of abdomen black...

Median stripe of abdomen golden
haired ae

Forehead barely elie as wide an-
teriorly as it is at vertex

Forehead parallel or nearly so

Small brown species. Femora brown-
ish. Wings clear, brown on fore
border

Large black or reddish Grown species,
medium abdominal stripe narrow.
Femora biack. Wings tinged
brown Se

Brown species, the median abdo-
minal stripe broad, and two round
spots on second segment. Femora
reddish. Wings brown on fore
border

Abdomen reddish, Bree at apex, a
narrow grey stripe often apparent
on the median black stripe

Forehead parallel

Forehead narrower anteriorly

Abdomen yellowish brown, darker
at apex, the median stripe dull
golden haired indistinct

Abdomen vellowish brown or dark
brown, the median stripe broad.
Fore femora yellowish. Wings
brown, especially on fore border

. rubidus, Wied.

. albimedius, W1k.

speciosus, n. sp.

. hortistriatus, n. sp.

. abscondens, Wik.

. auristriatus, n. sp.

. hybridus, Wied.

[Vor IV,

26.

29.
30.

. monotaentatus, Bigot.

. brunnipennis, n. sp.

33.
34.

19g1II.} G. RICARDO: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 119

Abdomen covered with yellowish
tomentum, median stripe very
broad. Fore femora black. Wings
clear are # :

35. Black species. Abdomen with ferru-
ginous lateral stripes on the first
four segments. Legs blackish
brown

36. Forehead narrowest anteriorly

Forehead narrowest at vertex

37. Small black species. Abdomen with
a median grey stripe beginning on
the third segment only, the lateral
stripes terminate on the second
Segment. =: Ae

38. Small brown species. Abdomen with
a median grey stripe

Group VIII.

39. Wings with first posterior cell closed
or at least very much narrower at
border. Forehead six to seven
times as long as it is broad

Wings with first posterior cell open,
never very narrow at border

40. Abdomen with three series grey spots
on abdomen, reddish brown in
male, blackish in female

Abdomen with three grey spots on
the first two or three segments
only, a larger, broader bodied,
blackish species

41. Forehead narrow, six to ten times ; as
long as it is wide anteriorly, with
a long narrow frontal callus

Forehead broader, four to five times
as long as it is wide anteriorly,
with a larger nearly square, or
pear-shaped frontal callus ‘

42. Brown, reddish brown, or reddish
yellow, medium sized or large
species, the triangular greyish or
yellowish spots not usually form-
ing a continuous stripe

Large unicolorous reddish species
with small median indistinct white
spots a

Reddish brown or brown species with
large prominent median whitish

. aurotestaceus, W1k.

. tristis, v. d. Wulp.

37:
38.
. qucundus, Wik.
. puteus, n. sp.
40.
4l,

. amaenus, Wik.

. mandayinus, Schiner.

42.

IZ0

Records of the Indian Museum.

spots on the third and fourth seg-
ments only an

Reddish species with black spots
Small species with a narrow yellow

abdomen irregularly marked with
black and with three series irre-
sular shaped grey median and
lateral spots

43. Medium sized species, 17-18 mm. in

length. Abdomen reddish yellow
with small median white spots.
Forehead almost parallel or bare-
ly a third narrower anteriorly, six
times as long asitisbroad. Fron-
tal callus oblong not reaching the
eyes. Wings clear, faintly tinged
yellowish brown

species usually 18-25 mm. in length,
with abdominal median _ spots.
Forehead from one-third to halt
narrower anteriorly, frontal callus
long and narrow

44. Forehead eight to nine times as long

as it is broad, about one-third
narrower anteriorly }

Forehead very narrow, eight to oa

times as long as it is peoaa only
half as wide ‘anteriorly as at ver-
tex

45. Abdomen reddish, or reddish yellow,

large, broad, with median short
triangular yellow spots often indis-
tinct. Fore tibiae reddish yellow
on basal half, with black pubes-
cence. Wings large, tinged
yellowish brown or almost clear.
Forehead almost parallel

row, with median long triangular,
distinct whitish spots, usually
joining each other. Fore tibiae
white on basal half with white
pubescence. Wings long, faintly
tinged yellowish brown. Fore-
head about a third narrower an-
teriorly .. Ae

most hemispherical white median

.. varicolor; Ricardo.

.. vubicundus, Macq.
Large brown or reddish brown

. stantont, n. sp.
Abdomen reddish brown, long, nar-

.. indianus, 0. sp.
Abdomen blackish brown with al-

[Vou.1ve

50.
Se

44.

45.

46.

1git.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of ‘Tabanus. I21

spots. Fore tibiae blackish. Legs
and palpi blackish. Wings clear,
tinged brown. Forehead about a
third narrower anteriorly .. brunneus, Macq.
46. Forehead eight times longer than it
is broad, the frontal callus not
reaching eyes 47.
Forehead ten times as long as it. is
broad, the frontal callus 1 reaching
eyes sé 48.
47. Abdomen dark reddish proven or eas
dish yellow, with indistinct small
greyish or yellow-haired median
spots, often absent. Thorax black-
ish with some yellowish grey
tomentum. Fore tibiae pale on
basal half. Wings slightly tinged
with brown. Male with unequal
facets on eyes ne ... fumtfer, Wik.
Smaller species. Abdomen reddish
brown with distinct bright yellow-
haired median spots and similar
lateral spots on the 2-5th seg-
ments. Thorax blackish with
greyish yellow tomentum . malayensis, n. sp.
Larger species. Abdomen broad,
reddish brown with indistinct
median spots and some lighter
segmentations. Thorax reddish
with some grey tomentum. Wings
nearly clear. Fore tibiae pale on
basal two-thirds: Male with
equal facets to eyes .. .. factiosus, W1k.
48. Abdomen reddish brown, median
spots indistinct, small, whitish.
Thorax reddish, thickly covered
with ashy grey tomentum. Wings
clear 7 . dissimilis, i. sp.

49. Abdomen and thorax fedaee Phiniie!
neatly devoid of pubescence.
Wings clear. Palpi ending in an
acute point 33 .. tenobilis, Rondani.,
Abdomen and _ thorax reddish.
Wings tinged yellowish brown.
Palpi ending in an obtuse point .. nexus, WIk.
50. Red-brown species with the large
median white spots on third and
fourth segments of abdomen, and
white spots on the lateral borders

122 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor..1V;

of the first four et a Tibiae
reddish .. .. Signijer, 7, WIk.
Brown species with the same median
spots, but with lateral white spots
on the first two segments only.
Tibiae white a .. significans, n. sp.
51. Abdomen reddish, the apex dull
black with large black median
spots on the second and third seg-
CETUS 8 yo fuscomaculatus, n. sp.
52. Frontal callus square. ‘Small black
species with white-haired median
abdominal spots. Legs blackish,
tibiae yellowish 3 .. leucopogon, Bigot.
Frontal callus pear- shaped. Large
reddish brown species, abdomen
with median triangular spots.

Legs reddish brown .. .. discrepans, n. sp.
Group IX.
53. First posterior cell closed ats 54.
First posterior cell not closed Si 55-
54. Large blackish species with narrow
fulvous bands on abdomen .. servillet, Macq.

55. Abdomen blackish brown, the first
two segments covered with grey
tomentum ae .. crassus, & , WIk.
56. Forehead narrow, seven or eight
times as long as it is broad. Fron-
tal callus narrow with a lineal ex-
tension. Black or brown species 57.
Forehead broader, four or five times
as long as it is broad. Frontal
callus large with a stout, broad,
or spindle-shaped extension ie 62.
57. Large black or brown species 2I mm.
in length, with very narrow te
bands on abdomen .. 58.
Smaller blackish species, 15-17 mm.
in length, with whitish bands on
abdomen = oe 59.
58. Brown species. Scutellum and sides
of thorax with pale tomentum.
Legs blackish, tibiae obscurely
reddish .. as .. alboscutatus, Bigot.
Black species. Scutellum and sides
with nosuch paletomentum. Legs
black, tibiae yellowish white .. explicatus, Wik.
59. Forehead narrower anteriorly ie 60.

IgtI.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 123

Forehead hardly narrower anterior-
ly, but parallel z3 a 61.
60. Frontal callus large, reaching the
eyes. Antennae, legs, and palpi
wholly black. Wings clear or
tinged smoky brown .. micobarensis, Schiner.
Frontal callus narrow. Antennae
and legs blackish. Palpi yellow.
Wings brownish ase . justorius, Rondani.
61. Frontal callus narrow, not reachine
eyes. Antennae and legs black:
Palpi black, paler on _ insides.

Wings faintly tinged brown .. khastensts, n. sp.
62. Brown or black species with whitish
bands and spots on abdomen... 63.
Reddish yellow species with whitish
bands and spots on abdomen... 64.

63. Abdomen reddish brown or blackish
brown with broad white bands
and large triangular median spots.
Palpi short and stout . sanguineus, W1k.
Smaller species. Abdomen black
with narrow white-haired seg-
mentations and small triangular
spots. Palpi slender .. oxyceratus, Bigot.
64. Abdomen reddish yellow, darker at
apex, with narrow yellowish white
segmentations and median spots.

Legs black, tibiae yellowish .. orventis, Wik.
Abdomen similar, but the last four
segments are black .. .. fulvimedius, Wik.

Smaller species. Abdomen similar
to that of orentis. Legs wholly
yellow .. ate .. consanguineus, Macq.

GRouP X.

65. Black or brown species. Forehead
narrower anteriorly, seven to ten
times as long as it is broad a8 66.
Large reddish yellow species from
20-24 mm. in length. Forehead
six to ten times as long as it is
proada. ree
Dark reddish brown species from
18-22 mm. in length. Forehead
seven to ten times as long as it is
broad a 75.
Reddish or reddish yellow species

Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

from 16-19 mm. in length. Fore-

head six to ten times as long as it

is broad .. By, zi 706.
Small species reddish, yellowish,

brownish, or blackish, from 12-16

mm.in length. Forehead five to

ten times as long as it is broad .. 79.
. Thorax paler than abdomen with

yellowish tomentum and_ pubes-

cence a iy 67.
Thorax not paler than abdomen eS. 68.
. Dark brown or blackish species with

yellowish brown thorax. Legs

black, tibiae white. Wings tinged

yellowish brown ui . birmanicus, Bigot.
Reddish brown species with light

yellow or greyish thorax. Legs

black, tibiae white, middle and

posterior femora yellowish. Wings

brownish, clear at apex .. flavothorax, n. sp.

. Wings yellowish brown, yellow on-

fore border. Black species. Tho-

rax with short red pubescence .. ténctothorax, n. sp
Wings brownish or black. Brown

or black species te 69.
. First posterior cell of wings ieee

Abdomen deep black .. nigrotectus, Bigot.
First posterior cell not closed fe. 70.
. Blue-black species. Thorax red at

base. Antennae reddish brown.

Posterior tibiae red at base .. caerulescens, Macq.
Forehead almost parallel. Abdomen

dull reddish brown with greyish

blue tomentum. Antennae red-

dish yellow, black at apex. Tibiae

dull red or blackish. Beard and

palpi black bis tenebrosus, Wk.
Forehead narrower, not parallel .. pee
. Abdomen blackish. Antennae red-

dish yellow. ‘Tibiae dull reddish.

Beard white and black. Palpi

yellowish 5s .. peraktensis, n. sp.
Abdomen dull blackish, conical.

Antennae black. Tibiae black.

Beard and palpi black .. inobservatus, 1. sp.

2. Forehead parallel, six times as long

“NJ

as it is broad : 73-
Forehead narrower anteriorly, cight
to ten times aslong asitis broad . 74.

tgtt.] G. Rrcarpo: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 125

73. Broad-bodied reddish-yellow species.

Antennae yellow. Legs reddish

brown ... fulvissimus, Rondani.
74. Thorax brownish. Antennae reddish,

the third joint black. Femora

reddish brown .. wuventris, Wik.
Thorax yellowish. Antennae, palpi
and legs yellow aS. . flavissimus, 1. sp.

75. Abdomen reddish brown, cogered
posteriorly with yellowish brown
tomentum, and yellowish pubes-
cence. Forehead seven times as
long as itis broad. Beard white.. pauper, Rondani.,
Abdomen dull reddish brown with
black pubescence. Forehead seven
times aslongasitis broad. Beard
brownish, scanty. Fore coxae with
white hairs .. leucohirtus, n. sp.
Abdomen dull reddish Grown with
black pubescence. Forehead ten
times as long’ +as’4t-is. broad:
Beard brown, thick. Fore coxae
with black hairs ap .. atrohirtus, 1. sp.

76. Forehead ten times as long as it is
broad. Frontal callus long and
narrow. Abdomen reddish yellow,
darker atapex. Legs black, tibiae

whitish at base Ke. .. pallidepectoratus , Bigot.
Forehead six to seven times as long
as it is broad a a IGE

77. Forehead narrowest at the vertex,
abdomenreddish. Legs wholly red nigropictus, Macq.
Forehead narrowest anteriorly a 78.

78. Abdomen narrow, reddish brown,
under side with bands. ‘Thorax
reddish. Legs black, tibiae white
at base .. Joidus, Bigot.
Abdomen conical, reddish vellow, the
apex black, under side the same,
Thorax blackish. Legs black, fore
tibiae dull reddish yellow on basal
half, others wholly so .. stamensts, 1. Sp.

79. Forehead five times as long as it is
broad, narrower anteriorly. Fron-
tal callus club-shaped. Small red-
dish brown species. Palpi slender,

hairy Pi . palpalis, Ricardo.
Forehead five to six anes as long ¢ as
it is broad, parallel or nearly so.

126

80.

8I.

82.

83.

84.

86.

Records of the Indian Museum.

Frontal callus oblong or club-
shaped

Forehead seven to ten times as long
as it is broad, narrower anteriorly.
Frontal callus long and narrow or
oblong . sits a

Yellow species. Thorax and scutel-
lum covered with grey tomentum
and yellow pubescence. Legs and
antennae yellow. Palpi stout, end-
ing in along fine point. Frontal
callus yellowish, often indistinct. .

Reddish brown species. Frontal
callus reddish brown, always dis-
tinct : che ee

Thorax and _ scutellum blackish.
Palpi slender, long. Antennae
black at tip. Legs “black, tibiae
reddish yellow

Thorax and scutellum us asually red-
dish. Palpi stouter. Antennae
not black at tip

Abdomen reddish brown, unicolor-
ous. Legs reddish yellow, femora
often darker

Abdomen marked with grey tomen-
tum, giving it the appearance of
having zigzag indistinct bands.
Legs blackish, tibiae yellowish

Subcallus not bare, shining or tuber-
Culous) ye: ; aa

Subcallus bare, shining, tuber-
culous

Palpi stout. Femora black or reddish
brown :

Palpi slender. Femora yellowish . .

' Forehead two-thirds narrower anteri-

orly than at vertex. Abdomen
yellow, anteriorly rather trans-
parent. Legs yellowish, fore legs
darker ;

Forehead one-third narrower an-
teriorly than at vertex. Reddish
brown or reddish yellow species ..

Abdomen reddish brown. ‘Thorax
blackish. Legs black, tibiae yel-
lowish. Wings clear or ene
tinged ;

Thorax reddish yellow, ‘almost same
colour as abdomen. Legs yellowish,

flaviventris, Bigot.

. diversifrons, n. sp.

obconicus, WIk.

. borniensis, Ricardo.

. fuscicauda, Bigot.

[Vor. IV,

80.

83.

Si:

82.

. subcinerascens, n. sp.

84.
88.

85.
87.

86.

Tg1I.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 127

fore femora darker. Wings tinged
vellow on fore border
87. Abdomen dusky reddish brown or
reddish yellow. Forehead about
a third narrower anteriorly than
at vertex, frontal callus pear-
shaped) <.
Abdomen olive-colouréd. Forehead
about half as narrow anteriorly as
it is broad at vertex, frontal callus
very narrow ae
88. Medium sized species. Abdomen
yellowish with darker apex. Palpi
vellow. Legs reddish yellow, the
fore tarsi darker. Forehead seven
times as long as it is broad
89. Small species. Legs black, tibiae
white. Eyes with cross-bands
go. Reddish brown or yellowish species.
Beard white or yellow. Palpi
usually pale. Forehead ten times
as long as it is broad
Black, sometimes reddish brown
species. Beard black. Palpi black-
ish. Forehead pu times as rae
as it is broad 4

Group XI. THERIOPLECTES.

gt. Forehead with two transverse calli.

Subcallus bare and shining. Ab-

domen black with white-haired

bands. ;

Forehead with one callus. Sub-
callus not bare or shining

g2. Frontal callus black, club- ape

with spindle-shaped extension.

Abdomen black, reddish yellow at

sides of first two or three seg-

ments. Palpi stout with short

apex. Appendix usually present.

Legs black and reddish yellow

Frontal callus small, indistinct. Ab-

domen blackish, only reddish on

second segment. Palpi slender

with long acute apex. No appen-

dix to wing ie 2

93. Smaller species. Legs black and red-

dish yellow

. uniformis, n, sp.

. subhirtus, Ricardo.

. formostensis, a. sp.

. tuberculatus, n. sp,

go.

. simplissimus, W1k.

. ceylonicus, Schiner.

. subcallosus, n. sp.

. hirtus, Wik.

93.

. wyvillet, n. sp.

128 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL 11V;,;

Frontal callus broad, yellow. Abdo-
men black, reddish yellow at sides.
Palpi slender. No appendix to
wing. Legs yellow .. .. albilateralis, Macq.

Group I.

Forehead with two callosities, the first one usually transverse,
the second one smaller, irregular shaped, separated from each
other, forehead broad, four to six times as long as it is broad.
Small species g—14mm. Scutellumsame colour as thorax. Abdo-
men not banded.

Tabanus rarus, ? , 0. sp.
(Pl: xiit, fig.-1.)

Type @ from Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States,
(H. C. Pratt), from London School of Tropical Medicine.

A small species of unusual appearance, the abdomen being
covered with grey tomentum and with long white pubescence.
Subcallus shining. Legs black, all tibiae whitish with fringes of
long white hairs, which are also present on the femora. Wings
clear. Length 12 mm. ;

Face covered with grey tomentum, and with long white pubes-
cence. Beard white. Palpi yellow with white pubescence which
is long below and short above. Antennae reddish yellow, the first
two joints pale yellow with black pubescence, the third narrow
at base with only an obtuse angle representing the tooth. Sub-
callus shining, reddish yellow, furrowed in the middle. Forehead
five times as long as it is broad, very slightly narrower anteriorly,
covered with greyish yellow tomentum ; the frontal callus reddish
yellow, reaching eyes, transverse, the median one black, irregu-
larly heart-shaped, on the vertex appears another reddish brown
small callus; some black hairs on forehead. Hind part of head
with long white hairs. Thorax and abdomen black but appearing
grey, being covered with dense grey tomentum, the thorax with
whitish pubescence, shoulders reddish with grey tomentum and
white hairs; breast and sides the same. Scutelium identical with
thorax, fringed on its outer border with long white hairs.
Abdomen has the white pubescence thickest on the last five
segments; under side the same, but the pubescence slighter. Legs
black, the coxae and femora with some grey tomentum, the fore
tibiae white, black at their extreme apex, the other tibiae straight,
slender, yellowish, the long white pubescence is thickest on the
fore legs, on the tarsi the pubescence is black and short. Wzings
clear, stigma yellow, veins pale brown.

Igtt.] G. Ricarpo: Reviston of the species of Tabanus. 129

Tabanus hirtipalpis, 2 , n. sp.
(Pixiit, fies: 2225

Type from Bichiakoh, Nepal; sent in Indian Museum col-
lection,

A small black species allied to Tabanus ceylonicus, Schiner, but
at once distinguished from it by the wide forehead with two callosi-
ties and the hairy palpi, and by the metatarsi being black. Length
g mm.

Face black covered with ashy grey tomentum and with long
white hairs. Palpfi stout ending in a fine but short point, pale
yellowish covered with grey tomentum, and with long white hairs
at base and below, some few biack hairs visible on dorsum.
Antennae reddish yellow, black at apex, the first two joints with
black hairs, the third joint rather short with small tooth. Fore-
head about four times as long as it is broad, slightly narrower
anteriorly. Subcallus shining yellow, convex, divided by a narrow
interval from the frontal callus which is black, transverse, not
reaching the eyes, furrowed laterally ; beyond it appears, separated
from it however, a small indistinct black callus; the forehead dark
with brownish tomentum. Thorax and abdomen black, shining,
the latter with very narrow yellowish red segmentations, some
white hairs at sides and on under side. Legs black, the fore tibiae
to apex, and the others wholly, yellowish white, fore coxae and all
femora with some white hairs. Wangs hyaline, veins and stigma
brownish yellow.

Tabanus bicallosus, 7 2, Ricardo.
(Pil aati fics 4)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), it1, p. 489 (1909).

Type (o) from Pusa, Bengal.
Type (@) and three other females from the same place.

These specimens were sent to me for identification by
Mr. F, M. Howlett from India.

This small species might at first sight be taken for a small
specimen of Tabanus striatus, Fabr., but is at once distinguished
from it by the two separate calli of the forehead. It is very nearly
allied to Tabanus gratus, Loew, which is distributed over South,
Central, and West Africa, reaching up to Egypt, as I had a speci-
men sent me from the Suez Canal. The wholly yellow legs,
narrower median stripe of abdomen the same width throughout (in
the African species it is wider on the third and fourth segments),
and the prolongation of the thoracic stripes on to the scutellum,
seem the only differences between the Indian and the African
specimens.

130 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor IV,

Black, with five grey stripes on the thorax and three on the
abdomen. Legs and antennae yellowish. Wings clear. Length
Io mm.

9. face covered with grey tomentum and with white pubes-
cence. Beard white. Palpi greyish, withsome white hairs at base,
and black hairs elsewhere, but these last are not very numerous.

Antennae: the first joint yellow, the second and third red,
tooth at base small. Forehead broad, quite a third narrower an-
teriorly, and four times as long as it is wide, covered with yellow-
ish brown tomentum and with some black pubescence; the frontal
callus yellowish brown, nearly square, and almost reaching the
eyes ; beyond it and sometimes connected by a very fine line is an
irregular-shaped black or brownish callus isolated in the middle of
the forehead. Eyes with three cross-bands. Thorax: the median
stripe is linear, the other ones broad, sides of thorax greyish, with
black pubescence. Scutellwm: the lateral stripes are continued
here, leaving the centre blackish. Abdomen narrow, all three
stripes reaching from the first to the sixth segment; sides grey,
with white pubescence; under side covered with grey tomentum.
Legs uniformly reddish yellow, only the tarsi a little darker ; the
femora with grey tomentum and white pubescence. Wungs clear,
the stigma and veins yellow.

@. The male is identical. Eyes with large facets above ; the
small ones on the lower third of eyes are continued round the head
as a very narrow border.

Group II.

Forehead with two callosities, the first one usually transverse,
the second one smaller, oblong, or irregular shaped, separated from
each other ; forehead broad, four to six times as long as it is broad.
Small species,9—14mm. Scutellum white or yellow haired. Abdo-
men with white or yellow-haired bands. ‘Tibiae white, fore tibiae
curved, and sometimes slightly incrassate.

The species as yet described in this group are conferred to
India, Assam, Burma and Federated Malay States.

Tabanus flavicinctus, 2, n. sp.

Type 2 from Shillong, Assam, in Howlett collection ; 2 other
females from N. Khasi Hills, Lower Ranges (Chenneli collection),
in the British Museum collection; and another female from the
Nilgiris in Howlett collection.

A species nearly allied to Tabanus leucocnematus, Bigot, but
distinguished from it by the presence of narrow yellow-haired
bands on every segment of abdomen except the first one. The sub-
callus and palpi are yellowish, the latter with the long-haired pubes-
cence yellow, the tibiae are yellowish, with the apices of the
fore pair more widely black, and the white pubescence on them

ro1r.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 131

and the coxae replaced by yellow. ‘The antennae are dark at the
apices. The abdomen is a lighter reddish brown or reddish yellow.
The wings are clear, with no appendix. The forehead is almost the
same width throughout, and a little shorter, hardly more than
four times as long as it is narrow. Length 9-10 mm. ;

There is a female in the British Museum collection from N.
Kanara, India (Bell), which appears to be the same species, but
the middle callus of forehead is much narrower, and the forehead
itself slightly narrower and anteriorly narrower. ‘The bands on the
third and fourth segments are a little produced in the middle, but
this is the case in some of the other specimens.

Tabanus leucocnematus, ¢ , Bigot.
Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, vii, p. 656 (1892).

Type (now headless) @ , from India, is a faded denuded | speci-
men which was evidently described by Bigot in this condition ; it
would be impossible for anyone to verify the species from his des-
cription in which he makes no mention of the pubescence on scutel-
lum and on thorax so characteristic of this species and others in the
group. Fortunately fresh specimens from Lushai Hills, Burma,
in Dr. Kertesz’s collection and from Khasi Hills, Assam, in Mr.
Howlett’s collection serve to clearly identify the species, and the
following description is based on them.

A small species dark brown in colour with two yellow pubes-
cent bands on the abdomen, scutellum entirely covered with yellow
pubescence, all tibiae white, wings tinged brown on the fore border.
Length I0-IIt mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum, a dark brown band is
present on each side of the antennae, pubescence white, consisting of
long hairs, beard white. Palpi stout, ending in a point, pubes-
cent, appearing black but covered with dense grey tomentum, on
the inside they are yellowish, the pubescence is white and long on
the first joint, on the second short and black, with a few white
hairs below and on apex. Antennae reddish yellow with a small
tooth on third joint, the first two joints with black pubescence.
Subeallus shining, brown or reddish brown, convex, furrowed in
the middle, produced between the antennae, divided from the frontal
callus by a narrow interval. Forehead about five times as long
as it is narrow, and about a third narrower anteriorly, covered
with grey tomentum and with two separate calli, the frontal callus
almost square, furrowed in the middle, almost touching the eyes,
the middle callus distinct from it in fresh specimens, 1s narrower
and oblong, sometimes with a short linear extension, both blackish
brown in colour. Thorax dark brown, on the anterior half covered
with grey tomentum and with yellow appressed pubescence, on
posterior half with black pubescence bordered with a fringe of
yellow hairs; sides of thorax with long white hairs ; breast covered
with grey tomentum, and with long white pubescence. Scutellum

132 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou..EVs

chestnut-brown when denuded, butin fresh specimens covered with
grey tomentum and with dense golden yellow pubescence of the
same shade as that on the posterior border of thorax. Abdomen
reddish brown, appearing darker with dense short black pubes-
cence, on the third and fourth segments are wide bands of bright
golden yellow pubescence, which also appears on the sides of the
first two segments, and often as a narrow fringe on the posterior
border of the sixth; under side with the yellow bands narrower but
present on most of the segments, the second segment with white
pubescence. Legs black, the knees, fore tibiae except at their apices,
and the middle and posterior tibiae wholly, whitish, with white
hairs, the fore coxae covered with grey tomentum and with white
hairs, the others less distinctly so, the pubescence on femora thick,
black; the fore tibiae are curved but hardly incrassate. Wings
tinged with brown on the fore border as far as the third or fourth
longitudinal vein, clearer at the apex, veins, stigma and costal
border yellowish, short appendix present.

Tabanus bicinctus, 9, n. sp.
(Pl. xiii, fig: 52)

Type @ and another from N. Kanara, S. W. India (Bell) ;
others from Pahang, Perak and Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay
States (Pratt, Durham).

A handsome black species with white-haired scutellum, white-
haired bands on the third and fourth segments, whitish tibiae, and
wings tinged brown on the fore border, distinguished from Tabanus
leucocnematus, Bigot, by its colouring and by its more heavily
fringed black femora. Length: type 18 mm., others ro—18 mm.

Face covered with whitish tomentum and with long white hairs.
A dark brown band extends between the eyes and the base: of the
antennae, with dark pubescence. Beard white; thick. Palpz stout,
ending in a point, yellowish but appearing grey on the outside,
being thickly covered with grey tomentum and with short black
pubescence, a few white hairs are visible chiefly at the base, and
longer ones below. Antennae reddish yellow, the first two joints
with black pubescence, the third joint with very small tooth crowned
with a few black hairs, apex of joint darker. Subcallus shining,
dark brown. Forehead about six times as long as it is broad, about
one-third narrower anteriorly, covered with grey tomentum, the
two calli the same colour as the subcallus, the frontal callus
irregularly square, separated from the subcallus by a narrow inter-
val, convex, furrowed in the middle, almost reaching the eyes ; the
median callus is oblong and narrower, on each side of it and at the
vertex the forehead is brownish.

Thorax black, covered with an anterior band of grey tomentum
and short whitish pubescence, and with a heavy white fringe of
hairs on its posterior border; on the posterior dark part of dorsum
the pubescence is black and dense. Scutellum covered with whitish

IglI.] G. RicarDOo: Revtsion of the spectes of Tabanus. 133

grey tomentum and dense white pubescence. Breast with long
white pubescence.

Abdomen black, type with only the two white-haired bands,
but on some of the other specimens narrow fringes of white hairs
appear on the fifth and sixth segments, the rest of the dorsum with
dense black pubescence, sides of first two segments with white
hairs, black on the others ; under side similar, but the second seg-
ment is covered with white pubescence.

Legs black, tibiae white, but black at their apices, fore coxae
with some long white hairs, and tibiae with white pubescence, else-
where black, the femora with thick black fringes on each side.
Wings tinged brown on the fore border as far as the third vein,
less so on some specimens, veins and stigma brown, costal border
vellow.

Tabanus sexcinctus, ¢ , n. sp.

Type,.a. temale from. Lushai Hills; Burma. (Capt: Ee Cz
Macleod), sent by Dr. Kertesz for identification.

A species nearly allied to Tabanus bicinctus, n. sp., but distin-
guished by white bands on every abdominal segment except the
first, and the under side is almost entirely covered with white pubes-
cence. The wings are quite clear. The femora with grey tomen-
tum, and some white hairs which are long and numerous on the fore
pair, the thick black fringes not present. The palpi are more white
haired. The forehead is almost the same width throughout, and a
little broader, the frontal callus not reaching the eyes. The thorax
appears less black, with no anterior white-haired band, but with
some grey tomentum on the dorsum and black pubescence. TLength
II mm.

Group ILL

Species with the callosities on forehead represented by two
small calli separated from each other, both about the same size,
usually round, small spots; distinguished by their Azylotus-like
appearance (fu/vus group only) though the pubescence on eyes is
often practically non-existent. So far the only species in this group
from the Oriental Region are also common to the Palaearctic
Region, and are represented by the typical Tabanus ditaeniatus,
Macq., a South African species whose distribution is very wide, and
Tabanus fulvus, Mg. (Atylotus).

The identity of Tabanus agricola, Wied., recorded by Schiner as
occurring at Hongkong, seems very doubtful; the species is not
included in the table.

Tabanus fulvus, 7 ¢? (Afylotus), Meigen.

Syst. Beschreib., ii, 61, 40 (1820) (see Kertesz Cat. Dipt. iii,
1908, for authorities).

134 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOns IVE

Atylotus bituberculatus, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. de France, v,
659 (1892).

Bigot gives China with a query as the locality for his type,
which is identical with Meigen’s species.

In British Museum collection are two females from Chinkiang
Yangtze River, China (B: G. Tours); and another from China is
in the Kertesz collection, so that the range of the species to the
east coast of China and within the line of the Oriental Region
is well established.

The type of Tabanus hoang, 2? , Macq., Dipt. exot., Suppl. v,
p. 46 (1855), is apparently lost as, though the label is existent
among the Bigot types lent me by Mr. Verrall, there are no speci-
mens which answer to the description given by Macquart, in which
he says it is related to Tabanus fulvus, Mg.; it was possibly identical
with this latter, judging from the description. In any event it
may now be deleted from the list of Tabanus.

Tabanus ditaeniatus, 7 9? Macquart.

Dipt,-exot., 1,.(2),.Ps5304 (1838). -Walker,) Lists. Dipt.; vs
pp: 236,. 355, (1854); Bezzix Ann; Mus. Civ.. Genovas (2), xii
(xxxii), p. 184 (1892) ; Austen, Report Gordon Memorial College
(1906), p. 57, fig. 22; td., African Blood-Sucking Flies, p. £18,
pl. xi, fig. 82 (1909).

Tabanus pyrrhus, Walker, Dipt. Saund., i, p. 47, pl. i,
figs. 4, 3 (1850). |

Tabanus bipunctatus, v. d. Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum,
vii, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 5 (1885).

Atvlotus nigromaculatus, Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),
vi, p- 165 (1900); Newstead, Ann. Tropical Medicine, 1907,
Pp. 44.

The type was recorded ;by Macquart from Mauritius; it is
a common species in South Africa; Coquiilet records. it from
Japan as Tabanus...pyrrhus,—see Proc. U. States Mus., xxi,
p. 311 (1898); as may be seen from the localities given below,
it has a-wide distribution ranging from Africa to India, China
and Japan.

In Indian Museum coll. and Howlett coll. are specimens
from Perso-Baluchistan Frontier; Pusa; Belgatchia, Calcutta, in
Bengal; Madras Coast; Umballa, N. W. India; Balighai in
Orissa, S. E. Bengal. In Brit. Mus. coll. specimens from Wei
Hai Wei, China ; “ biting cows”’ (Muat).

A greyish yellow species, the abdomen yellowish with a black-
ish brown broad median, and narrow lateral stripes, on the median
one appear greyish yellow tomentose triangular spots, the lateral
stripes do not reach the sides of abdomen and ‘at apex coalesce
with the median stripe; the abdomen often varies in appearance

Igii.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 135

the yellowish ground colour not always being very apparent.
Antennae and legs yellowish. Length 11—14 mm.

‘Tabanus agricola, 9, Wied.

Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 556 (1828); Schiner, Reise Novara
Dipt., p. 82 (1868).

Ashy grey: sides and segmentations of abdomen, antennae
and legs luteous: Jength 6 lines, @.. From Red Sea.

It is somewhat similar to Tabanus rusticus, Fabr.. Antennae
yellow (the last joint wanting). Palpi very pale yellow. Beard
yellowish white. Face and forehead mouldy grey. Thorax
appears as if covered with ashy grey tomentum because it has
whitish pubescence on the black-grey ground colour. Abdomen
clay-yeilow on the sides, and more narrowly so on the hind borders
of the segments, so that not much remains of the black-grey
ground colour on each segment. Under side almost yellow.
Dorsum and under side with white pubescence. Wings colourless
with yellow veins. Legs clay-yellow; the anterior tibiae at the
base inside, all tarsi, but the posterior tarsi only at the apex,
brownish black. (Rtippel in the Frankfort Museum.) Wied., Auss.
Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 556.

Wiedemann’s description fits a male and two females from
Hongkong so well that I am induced to refer them to this species,
and add the following particulars to complete the description :—
The antennae are pale red-yellow, the first and second joint short,
not produced above and with few hairs, the third somewhat deeper
in colour, slightly incised above, so that the angle projects but
little. The femora have tolerably thick but extremely short
whitish pubescence ; the fore tibiae brownish black at the apex
(Wiedemann says, no doubt by mistake, brownish black at the
base, which is contrary to the usual colouring of species of
Tabanus). Wings quite clear, the first posterior cell wide open, an
appendix present. Eyes of male very large and convex: they
join completely on the forehead. Everything else as described by
Wiedemann ; the correctness of the identification is chiefly corro-
borated by the allusion to the similarity of the species with
Tabanus rusticus, Fabr. (Schiner, Reise Novara Dipt., p. 82).

From the comparison with Tabanus rusticus, 1,., nec Fabr.
(Atylotus), itis to be presumed this species has two small calli on
forehead. Tabanus rusticus has not yet been recorded from Asia.
It seems probable that the specimens Schiner identified from
Hongkong as Tabanus agricola, Wied., belonged to Tabanus ditae-
niatus, Macq.

Group IV.

A small group of species, at once distinguished by the absence
of callosities on the forehead, which'is broad, from four to five times

136 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

as long as it is wide. In old or denuded specimens it occasionally
appears as if a frontal callus were present. Species from 74 to 13
mm. in length.

Tabanus erythrocephalus, Wulp, from Halmaheira Island, and
Tabanus leucopterus, Wulp, from Aru Island, in the Australian
Region, appear to belong to this group.

Tabanus virgo, 2 o, Wiedemann.

Anal. Entomol., 22 (1824); 7d., Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 184
(1828).

Tabanus albulus, 9 @, Walker, Dipt. Saund., i, p. 46 (1850).
Tabanus puella, 7, Walker, l.c., p. 53.

Types of Tabanus albulus, male and female, from India
(Saunders coll.).

Type of Tabanus puella, male, from India (Saunders coll.). A
male from Mysore (H. K. Slater). In Indian Museum coll. Speci-
mens from Calcutta and Pusa, Bengal. The Wiedemann type
came from East India. Slaty grey with red-yellow antennae and a
twofold white spotted abdomen. Length 4—4} lines, 7 9°.

Antennae bright rusty yellow; face rather grey haired. Palpi
very light yellow. Beard white. Forehead light yellowish green
without a callus or line. In the male it is ochre-yellow behind the
antennae. Thorax slaty grey, very faintly white striped, the
median line extremely narrow. The shoulders and posterior sides
of thorax almost chamois-leather colour. Breast sides whitish.
Abdomen slaty grey with narrow yellowish white-haired segmenta-
tions: on each segment two white-haired roundish spots. Wings
very hyaline with ochre-yellow veins and halteres. Legs ochre-
yellow with almost chamois-leather coloured femora. In the
Royal Museum. Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 184.

This small species is easily recognized by the unmarked fore-
head and very pale wings, yellow antennae and legs and spotted ab-
domen. The female specimens above mentioned vary from 9—II
mm. One male only measures 74 mm.

The description given by Wiedemann of the colour of the
abdomen only applies to very fresh specimens, the grey colour
being caused by the grey tomentum covering the abdomen, viewed
best from behind ; the ground colour of the abdomen is greyish
brown, rusty coloured at the sides of the first three or four seg-
ments, the pubescence black, but white onthe spots and seg-
mentations ; under side lighter with white pubescence, darker at
the apex. The thorax is blackish brown covered with grey tomen-
tum and with some appressed fulvous hairs, the stripes hardly
visible. The forehead is about five times as long as it is wide, and
a third narrower anteriorly, yellowish, showing no callus when
fresh , if denuded one is sometimes visible. Antennae reddish yel-
low, the first two joints pale yellow. Face ashy grey with white

rgiI.] G. RIcARDO: Reviston of the spectes of Tabanus. 137

pubescence. Beard white. The palpi very pale yellow, stout at
base, ending in a point.

The male has the abdomen more reddish in colour, darkening
at the apex. Large facets of the eyes very distinctly divided from
the small ones, which take up barely a third of the eye and reach
the vertex as a very narrow border.

Tabanus nemocallosus, 2? , Ricardo.
(RIS xin figs6,)
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), ili, p. 4g0 (1909).

Type @ and another female from Pusa, Bengal, in Howlett
coll.

A medium-sized species, distinguished by the rather broad
forehead, not narrower anteriorly, and with no callus or spots.
Abdomen blackish brown marked with greyish yellow median
and lateral spots. Length 13 mm.

Face and forehead covered with greyish tomentum, the former
with white pubescence. Beard scanty, white. Palpi yellowish
white with white pubescence, stout ending in a short point.

Antennae reddish yellow, the first two joints pale yellow, the
third with hardly any tooth. J orehead barely three times as long
as itis broad. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen blackish brown, the
former with five distinct greyish yellow stripes, the dorsum with
some grey tomentum and with appressed pale fulvous pubescence ;
scutellum with the same and with grey tomentum. Abdomen with
an almost continuous median stripe tormed of grey tomentose
narrow, triangular spots, and with irregular-shaped, roundish, grey
tomentose spots on the sides, the pubescence on these, short, pale
fulvous, some black pubescence on the dark parts, the sides of the
first two or three segments pale reddish, under side lighter, covered
with grey tomentum. Legs pale yellowish red, the tarsi brown,
the pubescence white on femora and tibiae, black on the tarsi.
Wings hyaline with brown veins and yellow stigma. a long
appendix on branch of third vein.

Tabanus negativus, ” ?,n. sp.
Type ~, type 2, from Formosa, in Dr. Kertesz’s coll.

In Brit. Mus. coll. one female from Hongkong very much
mutilated.

A species allied to Tabanus nemocallosus, Ricardo, but distin-
guished from it by the absence of spots on the abdomen and of
stripes on the thorax. Wings with no appendix, veins pale
yellow. Length of female type 13 mm.; of male specimens 114-12}
mm.

9. Face, beard, and antennae the same as in the above-
mentioned species. Palpi pale yellow, the same shape, but with

138 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

black pubescence. forehead with no callus; almost parallel, about
four times as long as itis broad. Thorax and abdomen uniformly
covered with greyish yellow tomentum, through which the dark
ground colour hardly appears, and with thick short pale yellow
pubescence on the dorsum of abdomen, on the thorax it is less
thick and replaced chiefly by black pubescence anteriorly, shoulders
the same colour. Breast rather greyer with white pubescence.
Under side of abdomen similar but almost devoid of pubescence.
Legs pale reddish yellow, the apices of fore tibiae and the tarsi
blackish, the other tarsi more or less brown, pubescence pale
yellow on the coxae and femora, chiefly black elsewhere. Wings
clear, the veins very pale yellow and stigma hardly noticeable,
no appendix.

@. Similar ‘Ge in some of the specimens, owing probably to
denudation, black median markings or a black median stripe appear.
Abdomen with very little yellow pubescence, almost bare. Eyes
large, convex, the large facets occupying fully two-thirds of the
surface of eyes, the small ones reaching to the vertex as a narrow
border. Palipi pale yellow with yellow pubescence and black
pubescence on apex. Frontal triangle and subcallus coloured

alike.

GROUP V.

Species with wings spotted or banded. Forehead with one
square, narrow, or oblong callus, always prolonged towards the
vertex as a more or less narrow line; five to ten times as long as
itis broad. Species from 9—2I mm. in length.

Tabanus javanus, 2, Fabr.

Syst. Antl., 103, 46 (1805); Wied., Dipt. exot., p. 93 (1821);
id., Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 183 (1828).

Thorax striped; abdomen with white triangular dorsal spots,
wings spotted. Smaller than the preceding species (Tabanus
vittatus and longicorms). Head white haired. Thorax brown,
with white stripes. Abdomen brown, with a large triangular spot
on the dorsum of each segment. Body pale, darker at the apex.
Wings hyaline, with five black spots. Legs testaceous. From
Java, Pabr., Syst. Antl.; p. 103.

The species is unknown to me. Wiedemann redescribed it in
Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 183, as follows: Thorax black, white
striped, the sides rusty yellow, abdomen brown, ferruginous at
the sides, with triangular white median spots; wings spotted with
brown, 44 lines ¢ , from Java.

The whole head reddish white. Beard white. Forehead with
a chestnut-brown smooth stripe, widening below into a broad callus.
Dorsum’ of thorax with three whitish lines, the sides almost

rgit.]| \G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 139

chamois-leather coloured behind the usual. seam, with a small
black stripe; breast sides almost chamois-leather coloured ;
scutellum black. Abdomen on the first segment brown,
rusty. brown on the sides, the second one at the base with
an interrupted whitish band and another more wavy one at the
apex; from the middle of it the triangular spot proceeds, the third
to the sixth each with the same shaped whitish band at the apex
and larger triangular spots; on the seventh the border is hardly
whitish ; the three last’ segments are not at all rusty yellowish ;
under side almost chamois-leather coloured, brownish towards the
apex, with whitish segmentations. Wings almost hyaline, stigma
and four spots brown. Legs reddish; tarsi gradually brown. ‘The
fore legs are wantingin the single specimen in Fabricius’s
collection. A very denuded specimen in the Leyden: Museum
is of a deep pure brown colour, with no trace of the stripe and
spots of abdomen, only the segmentations are yellowish white.

Tabanus optatus, 2 , Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc., i, p. III, 33 (1856).

Tabanus alboscutatus, 2, Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova
vii, p. 456 (1875).

Tabanus equestris, 7 @, v. d. Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum,
Wil P77, 34, Diav, 112. 0/1885).

Walker’s type, 2, came from Sarawak, Borneo (Saunders
coll.); another female in Brit. Mus. coll. from Kajoe-Tanan,
Sumatra (Dr. Hagen), and a male from India (Saunders coll.).
In Indian Museum coll. a female from Belgatchia, Bengal.

On comparison of one of the Brit. Mus. coll. specimens with
the type of Tabanus alboscutatus, the identity of the two species
was at once established. Rondani’s type also came from Borneo.

From van der Wulp’s description and figure of wing there
is no doubt he was describing the same species, and his description,
as being the best one, is given below.

Reddish, face and palpi pale yellow; eyes naked ; antennae
with the third joint darker; abdomen with triangular dorsal white
spots; the anterior legs and all femora brownish; wings at the
base and a median band brownish, 7, @. Length 15°5—17 mm.

Face yellowish white; beard of the same colour ; palpi pale
ochraceous ; front rufous, in the 9 moderately broad, with a
brown cordiform spot extending upwards ina line. Eyes bare,
in the @ reddish bronze above, with large facets ; below for a
third part and on the outward borders blackish, with much smaller
facets, even after having been moistened no trace of cross-bands is
to be seen. Antennae ochraceous ; third joint infuscated, rather
slender and on its upper side with a triangular tooth. ‘Thorax,
scutellum and abdomen rufous, the thoracic dorsum a little infus-
cated, with indistinct stripes; hind margin of the scutellum

140 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOLEEV;

greyish ; last segments of the abdomen darker ; their hind margins
yellowish, with small triangular, white, dorsal spots; on the under
surface the pale margins of the segments are broader. Legs and
halteres fulvous; the femora and the whole front legs fuscous.
Wings at the base brownish yellow, in the middle with a rather
broad brownish cross-band, which issues on the stigma and em-
braces the discal cell, but does not quite reach the hind margin ;
the costal cell is yellow. This species seems to be not uncommon
in the Sunda Islands ; it is represented in the Leyden Museum by a
¢ from Sumatra (v. Lansberge), 2 2 from Java (Blume and Ludeking)
and 4 ¢ from Borneo (Muller) ; it was along time ago designated in the
collection by the late Mr. Snellen van Vollenhoven under the
name equestvis,n.sp., without having been described. The speciesis
related to my species Tabanus pictipennts (Tijd. v. Ent., xi, p. 100,
1868), the name of which having been used before, is changed by
Osten Sacken into Tabanus vanderwulpi (Berlin Ent. Zeit., xxvi,
p. 97, 1882); it differs, however, by its fulvous posterior legs, its
more slender antennae, the third joint of which is darker, and by
the pattern of the wings, showing instead of two cross-bands,
but a single one which passes over the discal cell. Notes Levden
Museum, vii, p. 77, 31, pl: v, fig. 6, 1885.

Tabanus pictipennis is the same as Tabanus flexilis, Walker, a
species from Celebes, but not the same as Tabanus vandcrwulpr.
The forehead against the general rule is slightly wider anteriorly,
about a third, and is five and a half times as long as it is wide, the
frontal callus small, pear-shaped, with a linear extension. The
legs have the fore tibiae obscurely reddish yellow on their basal half,
the extreme apices of other tibiae and all tarsi blackish. The cross-
band of wing in the description, said not to reach the hind border
of discal cell, does so in the figure and in these specimens.

Tabanus non-optatus, @ , n. sp.

Type o from Purneah District, in Indian Museum coll.

Type @ from unknown locality and two males in Brit. Mus.
coll. from unknown locality.

This species is very nearly allied to Tabanus optatus, Walker.
The female type is so similar to the male type, and the two males
identical with latter, that I think it is safe to assume that the speci-
mens with no locality specified came from India or an adjacent
region, especially as the species with banded wings are not very
numerous in the African or Oriental Region, and probably not in
any fauna.

This species is distinguished from the Walker species by the
almost wholly yellowish abdomen, only becoming darker on the
last two or three segments, and the pale spots are larger, more
triangular in shape, the abdomen is longer and more conical in
shape, and the forehead in the female is not narrower at the

1giI.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. I4I

vertex. Length of male type 14 mm., of female type 19 mm.,
the other males 17—19 mm.

9. Face covered with greyish tomentum, pubescence and
beard whitish. Palpi yellow with longer slender point, and a few
black hairs. Antennae reddish yellow, the first two joints with some
black hairs, the third broad at base, deeply incised, with a distinct
tooth. Subcallus and forehead same colour as face, the latter with
some black pubescence, almost parallel, about five times as long
as it is broad; the frontal callus reddish brown, almost square, not
reaching the eyes, posteriorly narrower with a short lineal extension.
Thorax dull chamois-leather coloured, with some greyish tomentum,
no stripes visible, a few yellowish and black hairs visible on dorsum,
shoulders pale reddish with black pubescence; breast covered with
grey tomentum and with greyish white pubescence, tufts of white
hairs round base of wing; scutellum same colour as thorax, but
with whitish grey tomentum on its posterior border. Abdomen
reddish yellow, black at apex, the spots most distinct in the second,
third and fourth segments, pubescence black but very scanty and
short, the segmentations somewhat lighter ; under side similar with
more distinct white segmentations. Legs blackish, the tibiae reddish
with black pubescence, the pubescence on femora white and on
coxae, which latter are covered with grey tomentum, tarsi reddish
brown with black pubescence. Wings with a dark band across the
middle of wing, similar to that of Tabanus optatus.

@. Similar, the thorax rather darker in colour. The eyes
with large facets on upper part, the small ones attaining the vertex
as a narrow border.

Tabanus flexilis, 7 @ , Walker.

Proc. Lirfh. Soc., iv, p. 104 (1860) ; v, p. 104 (1861).

Tabanus pictipenms, 2, v.d. Wulp, Tijd. v. Entom., xi
p. 100, pl. iti, figs. 1, 2 (1868); nec vanderwulpi, Osten Sacken.

Tvpe o@ from Celebes.

Type @ from Macassar, Celebes (A. R. Wallace), and others
from Manado, Celebes, all in Brit. Mus. coll.

This species, though as yet only recorded from Celebes, is
included here owing to the great similarity to it of Tabanus
vanderwulpi, Osten Sacken, from the Philippines.

From the figure and the description of van der Wulp’s there is
no doubt he was redescribing a specimen identical with Walker’s
species, both from the same locality. His description is given, as it
is sufficient for identification, of the female only however, as he did
not know the male.

9. Ochraceous. Forehead very narrow witha blackish median
line; eyes naked; antennae testaceous; the anterior margins of
the abdominal segments brown; legs blackish; wings with two

142 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL LV

brown bands; costal border testaceous. 9 8? lines. PI. iii, figs. 1
and 2.

Head ochre-yellow, below with some coloured pubescence; the
forehead very narrow, stripe shaped, with a black median line
hardly broader below. Eyes naked, bronze coloured, without
markings. Antennae cinnamon-brown, the first joint ending in a
point, above the second very short, prolonged above in a thorn-like
point, the third moderately incised above. Palpi’ ochre-yellow.
Thorax and scutellum blackish with ochre-yellow tomentum and
on the breast sides with conspicuous ochre-vellow pubescence.
Abdomen black-brown, with thick pale ochre-yellow almost golden
yellow tomentum, which leaves the fore borders of the segments
tolerably wide, so that cross-bands more or less darker are formed,
somewhat broader at the sides. Legs black, the coxae the same
colour as the abdometi, and the ground colour of the femora
becomes more or less modified owing to the rather thick ochre-
yellow pubescence. Halteres yellow. Wings with greyish ground
colour and black-brown veins; the base and the marginal cell
brown-yellow; a brown shadow lies across the transverse veins,
which forms a narrow half zigzag band in the middle of the wing,
and on the jast third of the wing appears a broad brown cross-
band, which stretches from the fore border at the ending of the
first vein to the upper branch of the third longitudinal vein; this
band, which becomes paler on the posterior border, is rounded on
the inside and outside towards the apex of wing notched triangu-
larly, the angle of the third vein has no appendix; the first
posterior cell is closed at the border with a short stalk. Celebes
(Rosenberg). v.d. Wulp, Tijd. v. Entom., xi, p. 100.

In Walker’s type the abdomen is brownish black, but the
yellow bands are covered with yellow pubescence, besides tomen-
tum ; the under side is more yellow with whitish segmentations,
blackish at the apex. Legs black, the fore tibiae at the base
obscurely yellowish, the hind tibiae obscurely reddish yellow,
the pubescence on coxae and femora yellow with grey tomentum,
black on the tibiae and tarsi, the hind tibiae with black fringes.
Forehead is barely more than half as wide anteriorly as it is at
vertex and about ten times as long as it is broad, the frontal!
callus very narrow, pear-shaped, with lineal extension. Length of
female type 19 mm., the other 16 mm.

@”. Eyes with equal facets. Face and subcallus with yellow-
ish grey tomentum and yellowish white hairs. Beard the same.
Palpi yellow with yellow hairs and a few black ones at the apex.
Antennae reddish yellow, the first two joints pale yellow, with black
hairs, the third long and slender with a small tooth, slightly dusky
at tip. Abdomen more yellow than in female, the darker bands only
beginning on the fifth segment, the segmentations narrowly whit-
ish, the under side identical. Wangs with the first posterior
cell narrowed at opening. Length of type 16mm., of others
Ig mm.

Igtr.]| G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of ‘Tabanus. 143

Tabanus vanderwulpi, 2 o, Osten Sacken.

Berlin. Ent. Zeit., xxvi, p. 97 (1882); nec pictipennis, V. d.
Wulp.

One female in Brit. Mus. coll. from the Philippines.

This species is very nearly related to Tabanus flexilis, W1k.
Osten Sacken thought it identical with Tabanus pictipennis, v. d.
Wulp (which is undoubtedly the same as the Walker species), and
renamed it as above, the first name being preoccupied. His re-
production of van der Wulp’s description is not given here as he
made additions to it to suit his specimens from the Philippines,
I v and4 2. Judging from the specimen in the Brit. Mus. coll.
the female differs from Tabanus flexilis, Wlk., in the following
particulars :—

Antennae black at apex. Forehead about half as wide an-
teriorly as it is at the vertex and fully ten times longer than it is
broad, the frontal callus longer and narrower, very little wider
than its lineal extension. Abdomen brownish red with the yellow
posterior bands narrower, produced inthe middle as triangular
spots, but the under side is darker with black and yellow bands.
Legs black or dark brown with black pile as Osten Sacken des-
cribes, but in this specimen the femora have some yellow hairs,
the fore coxae same colour as breast. Length 21 mm.

@. According to Osten Sacken’s description the eyes have
large and small facets very sharply divided.

Group VI.

Forehead with one square or narrow or oblong callus, always
prolonged towards the vertex as a more or less narrow line, usually
nine to ten times as long as it is broad (in Tabanus auriflamma
Wlk., however, it is much broader). Large species, 18-23 mm. in
length, with the wings coloured brown or yellow or both, usually
clear at extreme apex and sometimes in the discal cell, never
forming regular bands.

Tabanus speculum, Wik., trom Celebes will belong to this
group.

Tabanus pratti, 2, n. sp.

Type @ in Brit. Mus. coll. from Kelanton, Malacca (pur-
chased from H. Rolle, 1904); and another female from Sarawak
(A. R. Willington, 1908). Presented London School ‘Tropical
Medicine coll. In the latter collection is one female from Batu
Tiga, Selangor (Pratt). This very handsome black species is
distinguished by the bright orange-red pubescence on face and
sides of breast ; the beard is also the same colour. Abdomen black
with white-haired bands at sides. Wings dark brown. ‘Tibiae white
at base. Length of type 24 mm., the other female 23 mm.

144 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE..LV.

Face thickly covered with bright orange-red pubescence, the
hairs in middle of face and a tuft at sides rather more golden
yellow, a few brown hairs are visible on cheeks bordering the eyes,
and a tuft-like fringe between the antennae and the eyes. Beard
orange-red, thick. Palfi dull reddish, appearing black by reason
of the thick black pubescence, stout, almost the same width
throughout. Antennae red, the first two joints covered with black
hairs, the third large, broad, the last four divisions forming hardly
a fourth of the whole iength; the tooth is represented only by a
very slight angie indeed. Subcailus blackish, covered with reddish
brown tomentum. fovehead darker, narrow, about nine times as
long as it is broad, and a third narrower anteriorly; frontal callus
black, shining, long and narrow, almost reaching the eyes with a long
stout linear extension. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen dull black-
ish brown, covered with close black pubescence, on the shoulders
and sides of thorax it is longer ; breast with dense orange-red long
pubescence ; in the centre it is nearly bare, covered with reddish
brown tomentum. Abdomen with white-haired segmentations on all!
the segments but the first, thickest at the sides, hardly ever reach-
ing the centre but usually represented on the median line by a few
scattered white hairs ; the type itself is denuded and only shows the
white bands on the second and third, the segmentations under the
white pubescence at sides only, appear golden yellow, sides of ab-
domen with thick tuft-like black pubescence ; under side black with
white-haired segmentations. Legs black with black pubescence, the
tibiae white on the basal half with white pubescence, but black at
the extreme base. Wungs a dark rich brown, a clear streak is visible
in the costal cell below stigma, another in the marginal cell, the discal
cell is whollv clear, the extreme apex, the basal cells and posterior
border much paler if not quite clear, veins and stigma blackish
brown, first posterior cell a little narrowed at opening. Squamae
brown. Halteres brown, the club at apex yellow. It is named
after the gentleman who has enriched the London School of
Tropical Medicine and Brit. Mus. coll. with a considerable number
of specimens from the Malay Archipelago.

Tabanus fuscicornis, 2 , n. sp.

Type ¢? in Brit. Mus. coll. from Punkio, Formosa (A. E.
Wileman, 19090).

This species is nearly allied to Tabanus pratti, n. sp., in
colouring, but is at once distinguished by the black antennae and
black palpi and by the more hyaline wings, quite clear at apex.
Length 17 mm.

Face brownish yellow, paler at base, with a few black hairs,
the bright orange-red pubescence is here confined to the beard.
Palpi blackish with black pubescence more pointed than in
I. pratt. Antennae wholly black, the first two joints with
black pubescence, the third broad at base with a perceptible

1gtI.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 145

tooth. Subcallus brown. Forehead ashy grey, narrow, the
same width throughout and about seven times as long as it is
broad, the frontal callus black, almost the same width through-
out, to within a short distance of the vertex, very similar to
that of T. pratti. Thorax and scutellum in this species bluish
black, with ashy grey tomentum, devoid of pubescence on dor-
sum, sides with long black hairs; breast with similar orange-red
pubescence to that of T. pratti. Abdomen black with median
white-haired spots, the segmentations white-haired at the sides
only, pubescence on dorsum black; under side black with white
segmentations. Legs black with black pubescence, some yellow
hairs on the fore coxae and yellow tomentum on the others.
Wings marked with dark rich brown colouring, most intense on
fore border and across middle of wing, leaving the discal cell how-
ever clear, and not extending beyond the base of fork of third
vein, so that the apex is wholly clear, posterior border almost
wholly clear, veins and stigma blackish, no appendix present.
Halteres brown.

Tabanus nephodes, 2? , Bigot.
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 656 (1892). [Atvlotus.]

Type (female) recorded from India; a label is affixed to it with
“‘Naga Hills,’ which are on the Burma-Assam boundary. There
is another female in the Indian Mus. coll. from Sibsagar, Assam, so
that the habitat of this species is probably in these regions.

A dark reddish brown species with indistinct grey tomentose
bands and median spots on the abdomen. Legs reddish brown.
Wings deeply tinged yellowish brown, with the first posterior cell
closed.

Antennae yellow. Forehead very narrow. Length of type 21
mm., the other female is Ig mm.

Face red, covered with grey tomentum, above near the
antennae and the subcallus with more yellowish brown tomentum,
the pubescence brown, on the lower part of the face the pubescence
is white. Beard of long white hairs. Palpi yellow with black
pubescence, long, slender, not much stouter at base, ending in an
obtuse point. Avntennae reddish yellow, the first two joints with
black pubescence, the third blackish at its apex with a few hairs, at
the base broad, with a small tooth crowned with some black hairs.
Forehead reddish, covered with grey tomentum, about ten times as
long as it is broad, almost reduced to half its width anteriorly, the
frontal callus reddish, very narrow, cylindrical, with long, raised
lineal extension ; the callus is hardly wider than this last. Thorax
and abdomen reddish brown, the former with grey tomentum, sides
reddish yellow, shoulders with black hairs; breast blackish, covered
with greyish white tomentum, pubescence probably white. Scwtel-
fum similar to the thorax. Abdomen with grey tomentose bands on
the first four segments about a third of the width of segment ; on the

146 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL Lvs

last three the segmentations are very narrowly lighter, hardly per-
ceptible; there are traces of median white-haired spots with a
ground-work of grey tomentum on the second to fifth segments ;
pubescence otherwise seems black, but on the sides of the first
four segments there are white hairs; under side similar with white
hairs on the segmentations. All the specimens are more or less
denuded. Legs reddish brown, the fore tibiae at extreme base and
the middle pair appear reddish yellow, fore coxae with grey
tomentum and some white hairs, femora also with a few, other-
wise the pubescence is black. Wings with almost a dark band,
the dark brown colouring extending from the upper end of the
stigma to the apex on fore border, but not reaching much
beyond the branch of third vein, leaving the apex clear, extending
across the wing towards posterior border over the upper border of
discal cell, shading the veins proceeding from the cell and graduaily
fading away ; costal border and stigma yellow, base of wing with a
faint yellow tinge, veins yellow, brown on upper half, the first pos-
terior cell closed, appendix present.

Tabanus albofasciatus, ?, n. sp.

Type ° from Shillong, Assam, sent in Indian Mus. coll.

A large brown species, distinguished by the pale greyish basal
band on scutellum, in this respect allied to Tabanus albocostatus,
Bigot, but with the posterior cell very much narrowed at its open-
ing on border. The abdomen has narrow white tomentose bands.
Wings yellowish on basal half, brown on apical half. Legs black.
Length 21 mm.

Face covered with yellowish tomentum and with some pale
yellowish hairs. Beard yellow. Palpi yellow with black pubes-
cence, large, ending in a fairly acute point, antennae bright red,
dusky at apex, the first two joints pale yellow with black pubes-
cence, the third wide at the base with a prominent tooth. Fore-
head with tomentum a little darker than that of the face, about
nine times as long as it is broad and barely half as wide anteriorly
as it is at vertex. Frontal callus long and narrow with lineal ex-
tension. Thorax brown, reddish yellow at the sides with golden
yellow hairs at base of wings, black hairs on the shoulders, dorsum
of thorax with traces of short golden yellow pubescence anteriorly ;
breast covered with greyish yellow tomentum and with yellow
pubescence, some black hairs intermixed. Scutellum brown but
the basal two-thirds covered with grey tomentum. Abdomen
blackish brown with greyish white narrow tomentose bands on the
first five segments, the first one does not extend beyond the sides,
traces of white pubescence on them, otherwise the pubescence on
dorsum where present is black ; under side identical. Legs blackish
brown, the femora with some yellowish brown tomentum below,
pubescence black. Wings yellowish as far as the apex of discal
cell, more intensely so on fore border, apex brown extending to

Igit.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 147

the fourth posterior cell but the second submarginal cell is almost
wholly clear. The type is not in very good preservation but is too
distinct a species to be confused with others, though it is allied to
Tabanus jotdus, Bigot, in colour of wings and shape of antennae
and forehead; the palpi are however larger and broader, and the
wings have no appendix, the posterior cell open at border though
very narrow.

Tabanus basalis, 2? , Macquart.

Dipt=-exot..5 £. (1); ‘p.230°.(1838) evan, der Waulp,: Notes
Leyden Museum, vii, p. 72, 26 (1885).

Black. Scutellum and basal segments of the abdomen ferru-
ginous. Wings yellow at the base, brown at the apex. Length 8
lines. From East India. M. Marc. Museum.

Face and forehead brown, this latter narrow, especially an-
teriorly, with a raised line and a small anterior callus, blackish.
Antennae brownish testaceous, the third joint elongated, with a
very short tooth, the last divisions brown. ‘Thorax brown; sides,
outer border and scutellum pale ferruginous. Abdomen with the
first two segments pale ferruginous, transparent, with light whitish
reflections ; the others shining black. Iegs blackish; tibiae yellow-
ish black at the apex. Wings on anterior half yellowish and pos-
teriorly of a light brown. Macq., Dipt. exot., i (I), p. 130.

Two females from Sumatra (V. Lansberge). In the most
essential points they agree with the description. There are how-
ever some disagreements to be mentioned.

Ist. According to the description the third and following seg-
ments of abdomen ought to be shining black ; in my specimens the
colour of these segments is fuscous and rather dull; moreover the
livid margins of segments show remains of a white hair-fringe ; the
under surface is wholly fuscous and there the white fringe is com-
piete, even on the second segment.

and. According to Macquart the legs are blackish, the tibiae
yellow with black tips; this may be the truth in regard to the
front legs ; in the posterior ones, however, I find the tibiae brown
and not darker at the end.

This species may be easily recognised by the light brownish
yellow colour of the first two abdominal segments, on account
of which it resembles more or less the N. American Tabanus
cinctus, Fabr. The eyes are bare, reddish bronze, without cross-
bands, even after having been moistened, and with very small
facets all over. V. der Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum, vii,
Darya:

Type in Paris Museum seen by me, has the first posterior cell
of the wing closed, a fact not mentioned by Macquart or V. der
Wulp.

The abdomen is elongated, the first two segments livid, the
remaining ones brownish black. Scutellum livid. Thorax brown,
livid at base. Wings tinged brown, clear at the extreme apex,

148 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor21V5

yellowish at the base. Only the fore pair of legs are remaining;
these are brown, the tibiae pale. Forehead about ten times as long
as it is broad, narrowed anteriorly. Frontal callus oblong, no
linear extension apparent. Palpi large, broad, ending in a point,
reddish, flat. Antennae reddish with hardly any tooth. Length
18mm. A specimen in Brit. Mus. coll. from Chantabun, Siam,
which I believe to belong to this species—though owing to its
bad preservation it is not possible to be certain—has the scutellum
covered with grey tomentum, the Jegs as Schiner describes, and
measures 15 mm. ‘The beard is brown.

The female of Tabanus crassus, Walker, has not vet been dis-
covered; it is just possible this may prove to be it, though it is a
very differently shaped insect. The closing of the first posterior
cell is not always present in both sexes.

Tabanus auriflamma, ? , Walker.

List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, p. 155 (1848).

Type (female) and two others from Sylhet, Assam, in Brit.
Mus. coll.

In Indian Mus. coll. one female from Sibsagar, Assam,
another from Naga Hills and another from Cachar, both
localities on the border of Burma and Assam.

In Kertesz coll. one female from Sylhet, Assam. A handsome
yellow-and-black species with yellowish wings, brown at apex
and on posterior border, abdomen yellowish with black bands.
Legs yellowish. Antennae yellow. Length of type 22 mm.,
others from 20—24 mm.

Face, subcallus and forehead covered with bright golden yellow
tomentum; hairs on face and beard yellow or yellowish brown.
Palpi reddish yellow with brown pubescence, stout, ending in an
obtuse point. Antennae reddish, the first two joints covered with
greyish tomentum and with brown hairs, the third joint slender,
with no tocth and hardly a perceptible angle. Forehead parallel,
about four times as long as it is broad, the frontal callus red-brown,
shining, almost square, not reaching eyes, with hardly any lineal
extension in fresh specimens ; in denuded ones it appears. Thorax
and abdomen yeliowish. the former with some greyish brown tomen-
tum and browner on the dorsum; pubescence scanty, consisting of
short yellow hairs, shoulders with longer soft yellowish brown
hairs. Breast the same colour. Scutellum yellow. Abdomen with
broad blackish brown bands on the second, third and fourth seg-
ments, and a very narrow one on the fifth, all situated on the
anterior half of segments, taking up half the width of segment on
the second, rather narrower on the third and fourth, and on the
fitth hardly noticeable ; in some specimens the bands are reddish
brown, the pubescence on the yellow parts golden yellow, thick, on
the bands black ; under side similar. Legs wholly reddish yellow,
in the type the fore tarsi and tibiae are darker, owing to discolora-
tion, pubescence reddish yellow. Wangs large, deeply tinged with

rgtt.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 149

yellow, brown on the apex, beginning from the base of the fork of
third vein and extending along the posterior border, gradually
becoming narrower as it approaches the base of wing, the colora-
tion very distinct and the two colours sharply divided, veins yellow,
brown on the brown part, stigma yellow, no appendix, all posterior
cells widely open.

Group VII.

Forehead with one square or narrow or oblong callus always
prolonged towards the vertex as a more or less narrow line, from
five to nine times as long as it is broad.

Species of medium size or small, with one or more stripes on
abdomen, usually continuous, the median stripe always so.

Tabanus sirtatus, Fabr., is the typical species of this group.
Tabanus auristriatus, n sp., hybridus, Wied., and aurotestaceus, W1k.,
form almost a subgroup. Tabanus immanis, Wied., is not known
to me and is not included in the table; neither is Tabanus bubalh,
Doleschall, which will prove hard to identify from its very meagre
description.

Tabanus annamitus, @ , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 630 (1892) (Bellardia).
Type, male, from Saigon, Cochin China.

A species with a fulvous abdomen on which appears an in-
distinct blackish median stripe, the apex blackish. Wings clear.
Legs yellowish. Length 15 mm.

Eyes large, with the large facets very distinct, taking up fully
two-thirds of the eye, the small facets on lower part continued to
vertex as a narrow border,no appearance of hairs on eyes. Frontal
triangle chestnut-brown. Subcallus and face covered greyish
tomentum and a few white hairs. Antennae now incomplete,
described as yellow, black at apex; the first two joints with black
pubescence. Palpi yellow, with paler pubescence. Thorax blackish
with grey tomentum. Abdomen reddish yellow, with some grey
tomentum, especially visible on the black narrow median stripe
which becomes broader towards apex; under side reddish yellow,
apex blackish. Legs yellowish, the fore femora darker, covered with
grey tomentum and with black pubescence, the posterior pair with
chiefly white pubescence, elsewhere it is mostly black. Wings quite
clear, veins and stigma yellow, the first posterior cell closed at
border.

I have seen no specimens identical with this species.

Tabanus striatus, 7 2, Fabr.
(Pl. xiii, fig. 7.)

Ent. Syst., iv, p. 371 (1794); zd., Syst. Antl., p. 103 (1805) ;
Wied., Dipt. exot., p. 79 (1821); zd., Auss. Zweifl. Ins., 1, p. 155

150 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoEssly-

(1828); V. d. Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Dipt., p. 16 (1881) ; id., Notes
Leyden Museum, vii, p. 71 (1885).

Tabanus dorsilinea, ¢ , Wied., Anal. Entom., p. 22 dee id.
Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 184 (1828).

Tabanus sinicus, 7 , Wlk., List Dipt., i, p. 163 (1848).

Tabanus tenens, 2 , Wik., Ins. Saund. Dipt., i, p. 49 (1850).

Tabanus mégalops, 7, Wlk., List Dipt., v, Suppl. i, pp. 247,
407 (1854).

Tabanus partitus, 2 , Wlk., Proc. Linn. Soc. London, i, p. 9
(1856).

? Tabanus manilensis, @ , Schiner, Reise Novara Dipt., p. 84
(1868),

Atylotus macer, @ , Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 649
(1892).

Tabanus rufocallosus, 2 , Bigot, /. c., p. 679.

Reddish brown; thorax with white stripes, abdomen with
three wide white stripes. Length 5-6 lines, 7 9. From China
and Java. Fabr., Ent. Syst., iv, 371, 39 (1794).

Ashy grey, abdomen brown with three abbreviated white lines.
Fabr., Syst. Antl., 103, 47 (1805).

Antennae rusty yellow. Face grey-haired. Beard whitish.
Forehead yellowish with a smooth band widened above and below
into a square callus. Thorax in certain lights appearing white,
with four broad whitish stripes and a line in the middle always
apparent. Sides of breast white-haired. Abdomen in unrubbed
specimens with three broad white unabbreviated stripes; the
side borders also white so that really five stripes are present.
Wings hyaline. Halteres brownish with white knob. Femora
reddish rusty brown, tibiae paler. Tarsi blackish brown. Wied.,
Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, 155, 69 (1828).

Van der Wulp records a male from Soerian Sumatra, in

Sumatra Exped. Dipt., 16, 3 (1881), and gives the following
details :—

““o@. Eyes are naked, flatter above than in other species, with
a coarse network and a purple transverse band, below which the
network becomies very fine. The white stripes on the thorax are
indistinct, as are the two side stripes on the dorsum of
abdomen, which latter ends in a point. The wings are quite clear,
but have a pale grey tinge, the costal cell is yellow, the stripe-
like stigma yellow-brown.”

In Notes Leyden Museum, vii, 71, 24 (1885), he records 7
and ¢ from Java and Sumatra and adds—

““Fyes bare, in # reddish bronze above with large facets, the
lower third and the borders blackish with small facets ; the two parts

distinctly separated; in the 9 the eyes are uniform bronze with
small facets. ’’

To1t.}| G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. I5I

This species has a wide distribution, being found from India
to Sumatra.

In the Brit. Mus. coll. are ~ 2 specimens from N. India,
Pusa Bengal, Bassein Bombay, Calcutta; Trincomalee, Tamble-
gam, Kandy and other places in Ceylon; Upper Burma; Kuala
Lumpur, Federated Malay States; Cavité, Philippines; and from
Kajoe-Tanan, Sumatra (Hagen).

In Indian Mus. coll. from Bunkutwa, Gonda District, U. P.;
Calcutta; Murshidabad, Purneah District; Port Canning; Bengal ;
Madras Coast ; and Balighai, near Port Orissa E. India.

In Howlett coll. from Belgatchia and Pusa, Bengal; others
identified from Sylhet, Assam; and Manipur, Burma.

The only species likely to be confused with this species are
Tabanus albimedius , Walker, and Tabanus rubidus, Wied., from both
of which it may be distinguished by the spindle-shaped continuation
of the frontal callus, by the almost straight median stripe, narrow
almost continuous lateral stripes and by the slender more or less
pointed abdomen. Length from 12—20 mm. A female specimen in
the Paris Museum placed under this species and supposed to be the
original type is a specimen of Tabanus albimedius, Walker, from
java, but as the original description very clearly states there are
three stripes, the type has probably been lost or confused; there is
a specimen side by side with this supposed type, determined by
Macquart as Tabanus striatus, with the usual striped narrow
abdomen.

Some small specimens, females, from Mohmand Pass, N. W.
Frontier, in the Howlett coll., which I took at first to be a new
species, only measure 11 mm. but I can find no other specific
character to divide them from Tabanus striatus.

9. Face greyish, with white pubescence. Beard white. Palpi
very pale yellow with white pubescence and some black hairs,
curved on upper side, with a rather long apex. Antennae reddish
yellow, darker at apex. Forehead rather narrow, slightly narrower
anteriorly, about six times as long as it is wide, covered with
yellowish grey tomentum, some short white pubescence is visible,
on the vertex are some black hairs. Frontal callus shining red-
dish brown, oblong, hardly reaching the eyes anteriorly, posteriorly
receding from them and continued in a fine line for a very short
distance, then becoming broad, at least half as wide as the callus
itself, often starting direct from the callus as a broad stripe.
Pubescence on hind part of head short and white. Thorax reddish
brown, or brown with four fairly distinct greyish white tomentose
stripes with white pubescence, elsewhere on the dorsum the pubes-
cence is black, sides of thorax with biack hairs, breast grey with
white pubescence. Scutellum same colour as thorax, with black
pubescence and white hairs round the posterior border.

Abdomen usually long and slender, ranging from reddish brown
to blackish brown, the median stripe continuous, reaching the sixth
segment, composed of oblong grey tomentose spots slightly narrower
at their apices on the second and third segment, the side stripes

152 Records of the Indian Museum. PViOL-ShVE

usually prolonged very distinctly to the fourth segment, appearing
on the fifth as an indistinct spot, the sides of abdomen white with
white hairs, the pubescence on dorsum black, white on the stripes.
Under side reddish yellow or darker, covered with grey tomentum.

Legs reddish yellow, the femora more rusty reddish, often ap-
pearing darker owing to the black hairs situated chiefly on the upper
sides, in some specimens the middle and posterior pair are blackish
covered with grey tomentum, the pubescence is always predomi-
nantly whitish ; on the coxae it is white and on the tibiae with black
hairs on the upper sides, the tarsi reddish brown with black pubes-
cence. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow, veins reddish. Halteres
yellow or brown with lighter knob.

In a specimen from Malacca the fore coxae and femora are shin-
ing black with grey tomentum and wholly white pubescence.

a”. These are all reddish brown in colour of abdomen; in
Tabanus sinicus ¢ type and another specimen from Calcutta, the
femora and the greater part of the fore tibiae are blackish. The eyes
are as Van der Wulp describes them, but the large facets are
yellowish green in colour with a large brown band across the centre,
only in the type of Tabanus sinicus, is this not apparent. The
males vary from I2—-20 mm. in size.

Tabanus dorsilinea, », said to be nearly related to Tabanus
styviatus in the description but much smailer and different, has
been fong placed as a synonym and apparently correctly, though
I have never seen a specimen of Tabanus siriatus with ‘‘ segmenta-
tions of abdomen widely ochre-yellow,’’ as Wiedemann describes.
His type came from E. India.

Tabanus sinicus, ¢ , from Hongkong, has rather darker legs
than usual, measuring 20 mm. length.

Tabanus tenens, 2, from India, has legs rather paler than
usual.

Tabanus megalops, 7, from Java, is more reddish in colour
than usual.

Tabanus partitus, @ , from Singapore, has the femora rather
darker than usual.

Atylotus macer, # , from India is labelled as Atylotus mucro-
loma, but from the description it is evidently the type of A. macer ;
it is a small specimen in very bad condition, as remarked by Bigot
in his description ; it appeats to be a small specimen of Tabanus
striatus, the three stripes clearly visible though Bigot speaks of two
only. The type of Tabanus rufocallosus is from Java, nearly all
the legs were wanting when described, the abdomen is partly des-
troyed which accounts for Bigot describing the median stripe as
ending on the third segment ; in reality it appears to end on the
fourth segment, as the fifth is incomplete; the fore femora are
rather darker than is usual.

Tabanus manilensis, 2 , is apparently from the description a
specimen of Tabanus striatus, with the side stripes indistinct and
the legs rather darker than usual; it is described as from Manila.
Length 13 mm. one specimen only. Tabanus chinensis, Thunberg

Igii.] G. RicarDo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 153

(N. Acta. Reg. Soc. Upsaliensis, ix, 53-62, 1827), recordedas from
China and Cape of Good Hope, was probably a specimen of Tabanus
stytatus, or of Tabanus taeniola, P. B., from the Cape, or Thunberg
may have had specimens of both species before him, the African and
Indian species being very nearly related, but distinct ; the frontal
callus alone would divide them, but his description is not full enough
to make it possible to decide; the species may well be deleted from
the list of Tabanus species. See Bezzi, ‘‘ Nomenkiatorisches wber
Dipteren’’ in Wien. Ent. Zeit., xxvii, vol. ii and iii (Feb.
1908).

Tabanus costalis, Lichtenstein, Catalogus, p. 213, Hamburg
(1796); Austen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), i, p. 346 (1908); from
Coromandel. This species, described in under a dozen words and
absolutely indeterminable but apparently thought by the author
to be near Tabanus striatus, should be deleted from the list of
species of Tabanus.

Tabanus hilaris, 7 @ , Walker.

Ins. Saund. Dipt., p. 40, pl. ii, fig. 3 (1850).

In Brit. Mus. coll.; the type ~ from India, others from the
Punjab and N. W. India.

In Indian Museum coil. ~ and 2 specimens from Bhogaon,
Purneah district, N. Bengal, ‘‘resting in numbers on tree trunks
during the day, common in the evening on the stomachs of cows ”’
(C. A. Paiva). In Howlett coll. 7 and 9 specimens from Belgatchia
and Pusa, Bengal, others sent for determination came from Sylhet,
Assam.

A species distinguished from T. stviatus, F., by the short median
stripe of abdomen which does not begin till the thivd segment and
by the shorter lateral stripes which usually terminate on the third
or fourth segment. The frontal callus is very similar in shape,
shining red-brown, rather protuberant with a spindle-shaped exten-
sion, the forehead almost the same width throughout. The palpi
shorter and stouter. Legs darker, the femora being all blackish
or reddish brown. In colouring the abdomen is _ blackish
brown with the stripes grey. The thorax with two stripes which
fade away on the anterior border. ‘The males are similar, in the type
the abdomen is more reddish brown than black. Eyes in males
with a broad band of very large facets, leaving the lower half of
eyes and a narrow border continued to the vertex composed of
small facets; across the yellowish large facets is a well-marked
broad brown band.

Length of male specimens 11} mm., of females 14 mm.

Tabanus abbreviatus, ? , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 670 (1892). [Atylotus.| ? Aty-
lotus conicus, @ , Bigot, /. c., p. 650.

154 Records of the Indian Museum. VoL. IV;

Type @ and another from Java, in bad preservation. In Brit.
Mus. coll. a female from Singapore (Falshaw), ‘‘ Biting horses and
cattle, more frequently seen in the last six months than in former
years;”’ a female from Selangor (Butler), ‘‘Common, bites men
and horses.’’ In Howlett coll. females from Calcutta and from
Belgatchia, Bengal.

in Kertesz coll. four females from Formosa. The type had
the antennae incomplete when described and is now in a dirty
denuded condition ; the description given below is based largely on
the modern specimens.

A reddish yellow species with the thorax blackish, abdomen
with a narrow grey median, and fainter lateral stripes. Antennae
and legs reddish brown. Length type 16 mm., other specimens
{from I4—17 mm.

This species is distinguished from Tabanus albimedius, W1k., by
its smaller size, narrower forehead especially above antennae, more
slender palpi, covered with black pubescence, darker legs and
thorax, abdomen reddish yellow, blackish at apex. face covered
with grey tomentum and with silvery white pubescence. Beard
the same colour. Palpi pale yellow thickly beset on their outer
side with black hairs, long and slender, the apical part as long as
the stouter basal part. Awtennae red-brown, blackish on the last
half of the third joint which is broad at its base with a prominent
tooth, the first two joints with black hairs. Forehead narrower
anteriorly, covered with yellowish brown tomentum and with black
hairs about eight times as long as it is wide anteriorly, the frontal
callus oblong, not reaching the eyes, diminishing to a long narrow
line, reddish brown or brown in colour. Thorax blackish covered
with yellow brown and grey tomentum and with white and black
hairs on dorsum, the grey stripes indistinct, sides with black hairs,
but tufts of whitish or yellowish hairs round base of wings; breast
grey with white pubescence. Scutellum as thorax. Abdomen red-
dish yellow, on each side of the median stripe it is usually brown,
the last three segments largely black, the median stripe is narrow,
usually continuous, covered with grey tomentum and with black
hairs, some yellow hairs are often present, the side stripes are faint,
indicated by grey tomentum and by yellow hairs, the pubescence
on the dorsum is otherwise black, thicker at the apex: under side
lighter. Legs reddish, femora darker, especially the anterior pair,
with grey tomentum and largely yellowish pubescence, fore tibiae
at apex and fore tarsi blackish, other tarsi brown. Wdngs clear,
costal border yellow, veins brown, stigma yellow.

In one of the specimens from Formosa the median stripe is
broken up into narrow triangular spots which however join; in
fresh specimens the side stripes appear more distinct as oblong
narrow spots forming more or less continuous stripes.

Atylotus conicus @, Bigot, from India is probably the ~ of
this species. Type is in fair condition; eyes with large facets
above.

19g1I.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 155

Tabanus rubidus, ? , Wied.

Dipt. exot., 69, 14 (1821).

9. Lilac brownish. Thorax with whitish stripes. Abdomen
with three whitish stripes composed of spots. 8 lines. From
Bengal, Wied., Dipt. exot., 69, 14 (1821).

Related to Tabanus autumnalis. Antennae rather reddish, the
end joint almost wholly blackish. Face and beard white. Palpi
very pale yellowish. Forehead grey. Frontal stripe narrow end-
ing below in a narrow egg-shaped reddish callus. Thorax lilac red-
dish brown, with grey tomentum and five whitish, in certain lights,
grey-haired stripes; breast sides rather hoary white with white
tomentum. Abdomen lilac reddish brown, median stripe com-
posed of narrow triangular side stripes of nearly square spots: side
borders yellowish white, in certain lights the abdomen appears a
little grey haired. Wings in the middle rather yellowish ; halteres
rather reddish. Femora very light lilac reddish, above with a.
blackish stripe, tibiae more yellowish, both with white pubescence,
tarsi brown. Wied., Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, 127, 25 (1828).

Van der Wulp in Notes Leyden Museum, vii, 71, 23 (1885),
records females from Java and Sumatra. Eyes with nocross-bands.

In Brit. Mus. coll. 2 specimens from Moulmein, Burma ;
Bombay ; Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, Federated Malay States ;
Siam (Woolley). On the female from Singapore is the following
note: ‘‘ Biting horses and cattle, more frequently seen during the
past six months than in former years.’’ (Falshaw.)

In Howlett coll. from Pusa and Belgatchia. In Indian Mus.
coll. from Sibsagar, Assam; Bhogaon and Purneah District, N.
Bengal: ‘“‘ Resting in numbers on tree-trunks during the day,
common in the evening on the stomach of cows;’’ from Khasi
Hills, Assam; from Partabgarh, U. P.

This species is distinguished from Tabanus striatus, Fabr., in
general by its broader, larger abdomen; the frontal callus is not
prolonged in a spindle-shaped thick line but as a narrow short line;
the median stripe of abdomen is not so straight, the sides are
serrated, the spots composing it being more triangularlin shape,
the side stripes do not appear so regular and continuous, being
composed of very similar spots, but their apices as a rule are
turned inwards so that the stripe appears irregular. The /egs as a
rule are darker, especially the femora, and the apices of the fore
tibiae, which are blackish, their basal part yellowish white. The
palpi are pale yellow or whitish with mostly black pubescence,
stout and large. The face is covered with grey tomentum and
with white hairs. Forehead slightly narrower anteriorly, about
five times as long as it is broad. Inthe specimen from Assam the
wings are tinged with brown. _ Length of specimens 17—20 mm.
The males of this species if they do not retain the dark colour of
the females will be difficult to distinguish from those of Tabanus
albimedius, W1k., only the darker femora serving to divide them.

156 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor gi

I have not yet seen any males which appear to belong to this
species.

Tabanus albimedius, ° o , Walker.
(Piven ste 26.)
Dipt. Saund., p. 48 (1850).
Tabanus vagus, 2 , Walker, Dipt. Saund., p. 50.
Tabanus umbrosus, ° , Walker, Dipt. Saund., p. 52.
Tabanus priscus, 2 , Walker, List Dipt., i, p. 176 (1848).
? Tabanus calidus, @ , Walker, Dipt. Saund., p. 57.

Aiylotus lachrymans, 2? , Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v,
p. 669 (1892).

In Brit. Mus. coll. the type (2) of albimedius from E. India
(Saunders coll.), other specimens from Nepai; India; and a long
series of males and females from Ceylon (Yerbury coll.) ; these lat-
ter are said to be common on the road from Trincomalee to Kan-
thalla.

In Howlett coll. females from Umballa, goo ft., ‘‘ lying close
on tree trunk;’’ males from Calcutta; and males and females from
Pusa, Bengal.

This species is very nearly allied to Tabanus rubidus, Wied.,
being chiefly distinguished from it by the lighter colour of abdomen
which is not uniformly blackish brown or lilac-brown, as is the case
in typical specimens of the Wiedemann species, but is reddish
brown, usually darker brown each side of the median stripe, which
latter varies from narrow to wider triangular spots forming a more
or less continuous stripe. Under side reddish yellow. Thorax red-
dish brown with grey tomentum and indistinct grey stripes. Legs
are lighter in colour, the femora reddish brown, the tibiae yellowish
but the apices of the fore tibiae blackish, the tarsi reddish brown.
9. Forehead five to six times as long as it is broad, slightly
narrower anteriorly, frontal callus reddish brown, not quite reach-
ing the eyes, with a narrow linear extension, which at once dis-
tinguishes it from Tabanus striatus. Palpi, very pale yellow with
few or no black hairs. Antennae red, darker at the apex. Length
1343—181 mm. ‘The male is difficult to distinguish from the males
of Tabanus striatus, but the shape of median stripe is different,
being not so straight or continuous. The males of the three
species striatus, albimedius and yvubtdus are all somewhat dificult
to distinguish from each other.

The species is very nearly allied to Tabanus rubsdus, Wied.,
and may perhaps eventually be regarded as only a form of the
above, as many of the specimens of both species are variable in
the colouring of the abdomen and of the legs and therefore
difficult to divide from each other.

The series from Ceylon have the forehead rather narrower
anteriorly and the abdomen is rather more reddish yellow.

I9g1t.] G. RicaRDO: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 157

Tabanus vagus, type, @, is from KE. India (Saunders coll.),
another female from same locality and one from Java were
identified by Walker as this species, but I find no difference in the
specimens from those of Tabanus albimedius.

Tabanus umbrosus, type, 2 ,from E. India (Saunders coll.), has
the legs somewhat darker than usual, and the median stripe is
straighter and narrow.

Tabanus priscus, type, 2 , from an unknown locality, appears
to be identical with T. albtmedius, but priority is not given to it
owing to the doubt as to locality.

? Tabanus calidus, type, 2 , from Asia, but in the description a
query accompanies the locality ; this is presumably a specimen of
Tabanus albimedius, very similar to the series of specimens from
Ceylon.

Atylotus lachrymans, 2 , Bigot, from Java, appears identical
with the Walker species.

Tabanus speciosus, 2 , n. sp.

Type o from Travancore.

Type @ from india (Wroughton), and another female from
Tamblegum, Ceylon (Yerbury), in Brit. Mus. coll. In Indian
Museum coll. female from Travancore, S. India.

A distinctly marked conspicuous species with a superficial
resemblance to Tabanus reducens, Wik., from Celebes, but dis-
tinguished from it by the presence of side spots. It is allied to
Tabanus rubidus, Wied., but the conspicuous spots on the third
and fourth segments of abdomen with wide bases will distinguish
it; on the second segment the spot is very narrow so that the
stripe has a much more unequal appearance; and it is larger in size.

A black species, with three series of white spots on abdomen,
legs blackish with yellow tibiae, antennae red, wings almost clear.
Length 19 mm.

@. Face covered with greyish white tomentum, with silvery
white pubescence and beard. Palpi pale yellow with some black
pubescence, stout, ending in a short acute point. Antennae red,
duskier at the apices, the first two joints pale yellow with black
pubescence, tooth of third joint small but distinct. Subcallus same
colour as face. Forehead with rather darker tomentum and with
some white pubescence, about seven times as long as it is wide,
only slightly narrower anteriorly, the frontal callus reddish brown,
large, oblong, not reaching the eyes, the short linear extension not
always visible. Thorax reddish brown in type, probably blackish
brown when not denuded, with five distinct grey tomentose stripes,
with yellowish white pubescence on them, sides with black hairs,
round the base of the wings with white ones; breast covered
with grey tomentum and with white pubescence. Scutellum
same colour as thorax, with white pubescence at sides and on
posterior border. Abdomen blackish brown, the median stripe

158 Records of the Indian Museum. [VorL. IV,

composed of four whitish tomentose spots, the one on the second -

segment narrow triangular, on the two following segments broad
triangular, on the fifth the same but a little narrower, all with
their apices reaching the border of the next segment, the spots on
the sides distinct and large but less defined in shape and only
present on the second, third, and fourth segments, oblique, inclining
inwards from the outer border, the one on the fourth segment
smaller; all these spots are white haired, pubescence otherwise on
dorsum short, thick, black, sides yellowish with white pubescence ;
under side reddish brown with an indistinct median black stripe,
pubescence white. Legs blackish, the coxae and femora covered with
dense grey tomentum and with white pubescence, tibiae reddish
yellow, the fore pair only so on their basal half, with white pubes
cence, which is also present but less thick on the other tibiae;
pubescence on apices of fore tibiae, the extreme apices of the others
and on the tarsi black. Wungs hyaline, a hardly noticeable brown-
ish tinge on the fore border, veins brown, stigma reddish yellow.
Male identical with female, more reddish incolour. Eyes very large,
the large facets occupy fully two-thirds of the eyes, the lower third
composed of small facets which reach to the vertex as a narrow
border, a dark brown band crosses the coppery coloured large facets.

Tabanus hirtistriatus, 2 , n. sp.

Type ( @ ) and five other females, the type from Perak, the others
from Durien Tipus, Negui Sembilan, Federated Malay States, in col-
lection sent me by Dr. Stanton. A small brownish species, with a
very narrow forehead, anteriorly barely half as wide as it is at the
base, the abdomen with a grey tomentose median stripe clothed
with yellowish or whitish hairs, this stripe often seems almost
obsolete in rubbed specimens. Wings tinged with brown on the
fore border. Length of type 114 mm., others from I2—r4 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum and some white hairs, sides
of cheeks and subcallus with yellowish brown tomentum. Beard
white. Palpi small, a little stout at base, ending in a point, pale
yellowish with black pubescence. Antennae slender with an acute
but very short tooth at base of third joint, bright red, black at apex,
the first two joints with black pubescence. Forehead covered with
same coloured tomentum as subcallus, the frontal callus very
narrow, oblong or cylindrical with a fine linear extension, not
reaching the eyes, brown in colour, about nine times as long as it
is wide. Thovax blackish brown with fine greyish yellow short
pubescence, at sides with black pubescence. Scutellum is similar.

Abdomen blackish brown, more yellow-brown on the first two
segments, sometimes reddish brown and black at apex, the
pubescent stripe continuous with straight sides; under side
yellowish brown covered with grey tomentum, and with white-
haired segmentations. Legs brownish, the tibiae yellow, black at
apices. Wings hyaline, tinged with brown on the fore border
reaching the apex, a short appendix usually present.

tgtr.| G. RicaArpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 159

There are a series of males in the Indian Museum coll. from
the base of the Dawna Hills, Lower Burma (Annandale), which
may possibly prove to be the male of this species ; the abdomen and
legs are yellower; all the facets of the eyes almost the same in size.
A note is attached to them, wiz., ‘‘ Hovering over cart track in the
bright sun.”

Tabanus monotaeniatus, 9°, Bigot.
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 655 (1892). [Atylotus.]

Type (?) and four others from India (only three specimens
are mentioned by Bigot in his description) and one other ( 2 ) from
N. Khasi which was placed under his species Tabanus montlifer.

In Indian Museum coll. three para-types from India, one of
them from Sibsagar, and another from N. Khasi, Assam. In
Howlett coll. seven @ from Nangpoh, Assam, ‘‘ caught on animal.’’
In Brit. Mus. coll. @ specimens from Dibia and Sadia, Khasi
Hills District: and N. Khasi Hills, lower ranges (Chennell); and
Nangpoh, Assam. A blackish brown or reddish brown species,
the abdomen with a narrow distinct grey tomentose median stripe
reaching to the sixth segment, the sides straight: the thorax blackish
with indistinct stripes. Legs blackish, with red tibiae, antennae
and palpi.

Length of the type 18 mm., other specimens range from
I4—194 mm.

Face covered with greyish tomentum and with white pubes-
cence, a few black hairs on cheeks. Palpi large, reddish or yellow,
covered with black hairs, the inside bare, ending in rather an obtuse
point. Beard white. Avztennae reddish, the third joint dusky, and
blackish at apex, ouly red at base, the tooth obtuse, the first joint
with grey tomentum and with black pubescence, the second with
black pubescence on its outer border. Forehead covered with
yellowish tomentum, with some short black pubescence, very nearly
the same width throughout, very slightly narrower anteriorly, quite
six times as long as it is wide, the frontal callus club-shaped, the line
proceeding from it being thick; the callus does not reach the eyes
and is dark brown in colour. Hind part of head with short white
pubescence, some black hairs at vertex. Thorax black with yellow-
ish brown tomentum and with traces of four indistinct grey stripes,
the shoulders and sides of thorax in some of the specimens reddish
brown, the pubescence of dorsum short, black, hairs at sides black.
Scutellum black with grey tomentum and black pubescence ; breast
and sides covered with greyish tomentum and with white hairs.
Abdomen blackish brown, or reddish brown, with some yellowish
brown or greyish tomentum which in some specimens appears as
indistinct roundish spots, the dorsum rather thickly covered with
short black pubescence, with the exception of the median stripe on
which a few white hairs are visible, the hairs on sides of first
three segments are black, afterwards white, the segmentations very
narrowly lighter; under side blackish brown or reddish brown

160 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor ive

covered with grey tomentum, the segmentations yellowish, the

pubescence chiefly black. Legs: the coxae and femora black with
grey tomentum and with white pubescence, the tibiae reddish, darker
at extreme apex, with chiefly black pubescence, the tarsi the same
colour but appearing darker on account of the thicker black pubes-
cence. Wangs grey, tinged with brown on fore border, and round
veins. Halteres reddish brown, knobs pale yellowish red.

The two females from N. Khasi are rather paler in colouring,
the abdomen more reddish, the thorax with sides and shoulders
reddish, the legs slightly redder, the wings clear with stigma and
veins yellow.

The type and the majority of the specimens have a blackish
brown abdomen, but some are reddish brown.

Tabanus brunnipennis, @ , n. sp.
(Pipsais figs)

Type (¢) and two other females from Basi, N. Kanara, S. W.
India (T. R. Bell), 1908; one 92 from Bangkok, Siam (5S. 8.
Flower), 1908.

In Howlett coll. one @ from Gorakhpur, U. P., India.'

A well-marked brown species with a rather broad very dis-
tinct grey median stripe on abdomen, and two grey spots on the
second segment. Legs and antennae reddish. Wings grey, tinged
brown on fore border as far as the second longitudinal vein.
Length of type 16 mm., other specimens from 13—15 mm. It is dis-
tinguished from T. monotaeniatus, Bigot, by its smaller size, and
the wings have not the cross-veins shaded, but the tinged fore
border sharply defined.

Face covered with whitish grey tomentum and a few scattered
white hairs. Beard white. Palfz yellow with rather numerous
black hairs, stout at base ending in a long obtuse apex. Antennae
reddish, the first joint appearing paler with whitish tomentum and
some very fine black pubescence, the third slender with a very
slight tooth, brown at apex. Forehead covered with yellowish
brown tomentum and with a few black hairs, the same width
throughout, about six times as long as it is wide, the frontal callus
shining reddish brown, not reaching the eyes, club-shaped, the
linear extension thick ending in a point beyond the middle of the
forehead, in some of the specimens the callus appears larger,
apparently owing to denudation, a slight furrow appears each side
of the apex of callus converging towards the vertex. Thorax
blackish (when denuded reddish), covered with greyish tomentum
and black pubescence, two indistinct grey stripes apparent, with
traces of yellowish pubescence anteriorly, sides grey with white
hairs, shoulders reddish with black hairs, breast covered with
grey tomentum and white pubescence. Scutellum reddish with
grey tomentum and biack hairs, white hairs on _ borders.
Abdomen dark reddish brown, usually redder on the anterior

1g1l.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 161

segments, covered with dense but short black pubescence, on the
stripe and spots with short white hairs; the spots are situated one
on each side of the second segment, small and round, indica-
tions of one on the third segment are present, the stripe measuring
nearly I mm. at its broadest from the first to sixth segment, sides
straight ; under side paler, reddish, with white and yellowish pubes-
cence. Legs reddish, apices of fore tibiae and tarsi darker, femora
with grey tomentum and chiefly white pubescence, tibiae and tarsi
with chiefly black pubescence. Wings with the dark colouring very
noticeable reaching to the apex, veins and stigma brown.

Tabanus abscondens, 2? , Walker.

Trans. Entom. Soc. London, v, p. 275 (1860).

Type 2 from Burma; one @ from N. Chin Hills, Burma
(Watson); one @ from Dawna Range, Tenasserim, Lower Burma,
500—1,500 feet (Bingham); one @ from China in Dr. Kertesz’s
collection.

Type and specimens are all in a denuded faded condition,
so that the redescription given below is imperfect. The spe-
cies appears to be nearly related to Tabanus glaber, Bigot, but is
distinguished from it by the frontal callus. Abdomen reddish,
with a broad black median stripe. Length 16 mm., one specimen
¥7, Mim.

Face greyish with thick short white pubescence. Beard white.
Palpt reddish yellow with black pubescence, long with a not very
pointed apex.

Antennae gone in type. Walker describes them as small,
with the tooth very small; in the specimens from Tenasserim and
China they are long and slender, the tooth prominent, reddish, the
third joint darker. Forehead considerably narrower anteriorly,
about six times as long as it is wide, the frontal callus oblong,
narrow, nearly reaching the eyes with a short linear extension.
Thorax blackish, red at sides, scutellum blackish, red on its outer
border. Abdomen appears to be reddish with a broad black stripe
on which appear traces of a narrow grey stripe, the sides of seg-
ments black and the three lastsegments wholly blackish. Legs red-
dish, the fore femora, apices of fore tibiae, and tarsi blackish.
Wings clear, stigma yellowish, veins brown.

Tabanus auristriatus, 9, 0. sp.

Type @ and three others from Gersoppa, N. Kanara, S. W.
India (Bell), 1908.

A dark brown species with golden hairs on thorax and ab-
domen, forming a stripe on the latter. Antennae yellowish. Legs
brownish. Wings pale brown, deeper brown on the fore border.
Length of type 14 mm., other specimens from I11—134 mm.

162 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor 2rv-

Face covered with pale greyish white tomentum on lower
part; a narrow band stretching across just below the antennae,
subcallus and the forehead covered with rich vellowish brown
tomentum, pubescence on face scanty, black. Beard sparse, white.
Palpi long, narrow. yellowish brown with black pubescence.
Antennae long, slender, the first two joints pale yellow with black
hairs, the third red, black at apex, with a small tooth. Forehead
narrow, the same width throughout, about six times as long as it
is wide anteriorly, the frontal callus long, narrow, not reaching
the eyes, prolonged in a thick line just beyond the middle of fore-
head. Thorax and scutellum thickly covered with very short yellow
pubescence, sides with black hairs, breast grey with white hairs.
Abdomen yellowish brown anteriorly, darker at apex, with black
pubescence, the median stripe is indistinct, chiefly marked by
the golden yellow hairs which also border the segmentations;
under side brown with white-haired segmentations.

Legs brown or yellowish brown, fore tibiae a little paler at
base. Wangs tinged brown, paler on the posterior border, stigma
dark brown, veins brown.

This species is distinguished from Tabanus hybridus , Wied., by
the forehead not becoming narrower anteriorly, by the darker legs
and indistinct narrower median stripe.

Tabanus hybridus, 2 ~, Wied.

Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 557, 31 (1828); Walker, Proc. Linn.
Soc., i, p. 110 (1857) (recording the species from Macao).

Oak-brownish with a brown-yellow striped abdomen. Wings
brownish on the fore border, 54 lines, 2 from Macao.

Of a slender form. Antennae rusty yellowish, the last joint
with a hardly perceptible tooth at base; palpi brownish; face
yellow; beard whitish; forehead yellow with a linear like callus
gradually somewhat thicker below. Thorax oak-brown with two
hardly perceptible lighter stripes ; breast sides greyish. Abdomen
brown with a broad yellow stripe and quite narrow yellow side
borders, the last segment black-brown; on the under side the three
last segments are blackish with yellow side borders. Wings on
the fore border brownish. Legs brownish yellow with black-brown
tarsi. In my collection. Wied., Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 557-

Van der Wulp in his Cat. Dipt. S. Asia also gives Borneo, the
type being recorded from Macao, S. China.

In Brit. Mus. coll. are 2 specimens from Kuala Lumpur and
Sunghai, 5. Perak, Federated Malay States; also specimens sent
to me by Dr. Kertesz for identification from Perak, and from
Sylhet, Assam, others from Batu Tisa, Federated Malay States,
Stanton coll. A very pale faded specimen determined by Walker
as this species from Sarawak, Borneo, is probably correctly
identified.

@. An easily recognised species with the median yellow
stripe on the yellowish brown sometimes darker brown abdomen,

1g1r.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 163

the stripe in well-preserved specimens is covered with golden
yellow hairs and is continuous and straight at sides; the thorax is
covered with short golden yellow pubescence and some black hairs
intermixed. The forehead is narrow, quite seven times as long as
it is wide anteriorly, where it is almost a third narrower than at
vertex. The frontal callus is very narrow with a fine linear exten-
sion. ‘The palpi are yellowish covered with black pubescence, rather
stout, ending in an obtuse point. The /egs are brownish yellow, but
the anterior and middle pair paler yellow, the fore tibiae often appear-
ing white owing to white pubescence ; in some specimens however the
pubescence is black. The wings have the costal border shaded
brown extending to the apex, in some specimens it reaches to the
hind border, stigma yellow.

o@. Similar, the large facets of eyes occupy the greater portion
of eye, the small facets on the lower part occupying about a third
of the surface of eye, continued as a narrow border to the vertex.

Length of specimens from 114 to 15 mm.

Tabanus aurotestaceus, 7, Walker.

List Dipt., v, Suppl. i, pp. 214, 253 (1854).
Type from Shanghai, and a @ from China (Walker coll.).

A species near Tabanus hybridus, Wied., but distinguished by
the wholly clear wing and black fore femora.

The o@ has a very large head, Atvylotus-like, flat above, the
small facets occupying the lower third of the eyes and continued
as a narrow border to vertex. Thorax and abdomen covered with
yellowish tomentum and with black and some yellow hairs. Legs
pale yellow, fore femora black, tarsi blackish. The yellow stripe
on abdomen is very broad, about a third of the width of abdomen.
Length 17 mm.

2. <A poor specimen. ‘The forehead very narrow anteriorly,
about nine times as wide as it is broad, with a long narrow frontal
callus. Length 164 mm.

Tabanus tristis, Van der Wulp.
Sumatra Exped. Dipt., 17, 5, pl. i, fig. 9 (1881).
One female from Datar, Sumatra, in May.

Black. Abdomen with lateral stripes and antennae ferru-
ginous, the lateral borders of thorax aud posterior border of scu-
tellum pale haired. Wings ashy grey, the costa darkened. @.
Length rr mm.

Eyes naked, divided by a narrow, posteriorly somewhat
enlarged, frontal band, on which a stripe-shaped, below a little en-
larged, black line appears; the remaining triangular forehead, be-
sides the face and the cheeks, with grey-brown tomentum ; the beard
pale grey. Antennae rust-coloured; the first joint triangular, the
second projecting above spine-like; the third above at the base

164 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

with a small tooth and at the apex darkened (see plate). Abdomen
black; the borders of the thorax and the posterior border of the
scutellum with pale pubescence: on the fore breast and the fore
coxae a very long dirty white pubescence ; breast sides with ashy
grey tomentum; the first four segments of abdomen with a rusty
coloured stripe on each side, which is broadest at the base, but
posteriorly narrower, a pale pubescence is visible on them; on the
dorsum are some traces of reddish segmentation ; on the under side
they are distinct and light grey. Legs black-brown, somewhat
shining; the femora by their pubescence greyish. Halteres brown.
Wings with a grey-brown tinge, darkest on the fore border;
stigma dark brown; veins black-brown, neuration normal. V. d.
Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Dipt., p. 17.

This species is unknown to me.

Tabanus jucundus, 7 ? , Walker.
CRs scitt ier ox
List Dipt..,1,/p2Le7( 1848):
Type @ and another specimen with no head, from Hongkong ;

male and female from Pundaluoya, Ceyion (Green); females from
Kohat, Punjab, and India; all in Brit. Mus. coll.

In Howlett coll. females from Igatpuri, W. Ghats, Bombay
Presidency ; from Mussoorie, N. India, about 7,000 ft. high.

Walker described the male only.

A well-marked small black species with two very distinct
lateral grey stripes on the thorax and with a grey median stripe
on the abdomen, starting from the third segment and continued to
the sixth segment, two lateral stripes commence on the first seg-
ment but terminate abruptly on the second segment. Wings clear.
Legs reddish yellow. Antennae red. The large protuberant
frontal callus. with the short linear extension distinguishes this
species. It differs from Tabanus hilaris, Wik., by the presence of
the lateral stripes confined to the first two segments, by the more
distinctly striped thorax, and by the shorter linear extension of
the frontal callus which is darker and larger, and by the narrower
forehead anteriorly.

Length males 13 mm., females 10-11 mm.

9. Face covered with whitish tomentum and with white
pubescence. Beard white. Pa/pi stout, ending in a short apex,
pale yellow in colour covered with white hairs, a few black hairs
are also visible. Antennae: the first joint pale with white pubes-
cence, black at the upper edge, the second very small, pale red, the
third red with very obtuse tooth, apex reddish brown. Forehead
broad, narrower anteriorly, about four times as long as it is broad
at narrowest end, covered with greyish tomentum and with some
patches of black pubescence; the frontal callus is large, almost
square, entirely filling up the space between eyes, tuberculous,
rising above the plane of the head, dark blackish brown, shining

1gII.| G. Ricarpdo: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 165

with a short fine line proceeding from it. Eyes with three cross-
bands.

Thorax with dark pubescence except on the broad grey stripes
where it is whitish, sides grey, so that the thorax might be called
four-striped, pubescence below black, breast covered with long
white hairs. Scutellum: the two grey stripes are continued and end
on its posterior border.

Abdomen blackish, reddish brown anteriorly, the pubescence
black, white on the stripes; sides grey, covered with white pubes-
cence ; under side with white-haired segmentations. Legs reddish
yellow, the fore femora darker, all with grey tomentum, the fore
pair with black, the others with white pubescence, the fore tibiae
with thick white pubescence on basal half, elsewhere black, apices
of fore tibiae and tarsi black. Inthe specimen from Bombay all
the femora are darker.

Wings clear with small yellow stigma, veins dark.

@. Identical. The eyes with large facets, the lower third
consisting of small ones continued as a very narrow border to back
of head; the cross-bands are visible in the type.

Tabanus puteus, ~ ?,n. sp.
(Pie xin ie, -Er\)
Type o from Velverry, Ceylon, and another from Trincomalee.

Type @ and another from Hot Wells, Trincomalee, one ? from
Colombo, all from Yerbury coll.; ‘not uncommon” [note by
donor].

A small brown species with a dusky mahogany-brown abdomen
which has a straight median grey stripe. Antennae yellow. Legs
brownish. Wings tinged with brown on the fore border reaching
the third longitudinal vein. Forehead of 2? narrowest on the vertex.
Length Ir mm.

9. Face covered with yellow-brown tomentum and with a few
dusky hairs. Beard scanty, brown. Palpi small, stout, the same
colour as face, with black pubescence. Antennae: the first two joints
pale yellow with some black hairs, the third bright yellowish red,
narrow, with no tooth, only a small angle marking its usual
position, the second joint half as long as the first one. Forehead
broad, narrower at the vertex, about three times as long as it is
broad anteriorly, the same colour as the face, frontal callus large,
almost square, reaching the eyes with a thick short line proceeding
from it, in all the specimens there is a deep depression on the
posterior part of the rather prominent callus which is yellowish
brown in colour. Thorax blackish brown with the sides reddish,
dorsum with thick short pale yellow hairs (in type rubbed off), on
sides with yellowish brown pubescence. Scutellum appears rather
lighter in colour, with the same very short pubescence. Abdo-
men narrow, no spots, the anterior segments more yellow-brown,
the apex darker, the short yellowish hairs appear on the grey

166 ' Records of the Indian Museum, [ViOr. IVs,

stripe and on sides, but short black pubescence covers the dorsum.
Legs dull brown or yellowish brown.

Wings grey, the yellowish brown shading extending in a fainter
shade along the veins but most intense on the fore border, stigma
brown, veins yellowish.

@”. Similar, the eyes with large facets, only the lower part
bordering cheeks with small facets which do not extend to the
vertex. The figure of head is taken from a hadly preserved speci-
men, two ¢ specimens lately added to Brit. Mus. coll. have the
whole forehead shining brown.

Tabanus immanis, ? , Wiedemann.

Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 123, 17 (1828); V. d. Wulp, Sumatra
Exped. Dipts; 10521 (1881) -.7d Notes Weyden Museum) vito pajae
22 (1885).

Olive-green. Abdomen rusty brown with an indistinct paler
stripe; legs black; @ 84 lines. From Java.

Antennae black. Palpi grey brownish. Face mouldy greyish
coloured ; forehead grey, with a brown shining stripe, very little
wider below. Thorax olive-green, yellowish in certain lights. Breast
sides mouldy greyish white. Abdomen in certain lights with a
paler median stripe and almost square side spots; side borders
themselves yellow; under side brownish, side borders broadly, the
segmentations narrowly, yellowish. Wings a little tinged, fore
border and border of veins, and apex yellowish. Halteres yellowish.
Femora mouldy greyish, knees and base of fore tibiae rusty brown.
In the Leyden Museum. Wiedemann, Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 123.

A female from Silago (Middle Sumatra) in June. ‘This is 20
mm. iong. The eyes are naked, and with very fine network; the
frontal band is narrow, posteriorly a little broader, in the middle
with a shining black-brown, below broader, stripe. The third joint
of antennae has a distinct tooth. Palpi with light ashy grey
tomentum, ending in a point. Beard as well as the pubescence of
fore breast and fore coxae light grey. The pale median stripe of the
abdomen consists of triangular spots; under side red-yellow, with
a black-brown apex. The neuration of wings is normal, the first
posterior cell at its opening a little narrowed. Perhaps Tabanus
yubtcundus, Macq., Dipt. exot., Suppl. i, p. 32, 64, Suppl. iii,
10, and Suppl. v, 27, is only a somewhat paler variety of this
species. Van der Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Diptera, p. 16.

Several specimens, females, all from Sumatra. ‘The eyes are
bare, bronze-coloured, and after being moistened, without cross-
bands. IJd., Notes Leyden Museum, vii, p. 71.

This species is unknown to me.

Tabanus bubali, Doleschall.
Natuurkund. Tijd. Nederl. Ind., x, p. 407, pl. iii, fig. 3 (1856).
A reddish brown Tabanus, eyes very black, antennae black,

1g1r.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 167

forehead like mouth of a horse (sic), greyish white, the abdominal
dorsal stripe white. Wings hyaline. Length 12 lines. Habitat
in Java, hostile to cattle. Doleschall, /.c., p. 407.

It is doubtful whether it will ever be possible to identify the
species from this description; the figure proves the description was
from a female, but otherwise is of little use.

Grour VIII.

Forehead with one square, narrow, or oblong callus always
prolonged towards the vertex as a more or less narrow line; four
to ten times as long as it is broad.

Species with median or lateral spots or both on abdomen, not
usually forming a continuous stripe. The subgroup represented
by Tabanus fumifer, Wlk., contains species distinguished by very
natrow foreheads and frontal calli, usually reddish brown or red-
dish yellow in colour : this is the most difficult group in the Oriental
Region, the species being very nearly allied, and apparently dis-
tinguished by small, often variable characteristics; they are rather
large or medium-sized species. Tabanus signifer, Wlk., is the
type of asmall subgroup easily distinguished by their prominent
large abdominal pale spots.

Tabanus rufiventris, Fabr., feldervi, V. d. Wulp, and leucosparsus ,
Bigot, are not included in the table being unknown to me.

Tabanus triangularis, V. d. Wulp, in the Austro-Malay Fauna,
must be nearly related to Tabanus brunneus, Macq., but the legs
must be lighter judging from the description.

Tabanus amaenus, ~, Walker.
List Dipt., i, p. 163 (1848).
Tabanus clausacella, 7, Macquart, Dipt. exot., Suppl. v, p.
45 (1855).
Tabanus administrans, @, Schiner, Reise der Novara Dipt.,
p. 83 (1868).

Tahanus signatipennis, 2 , Portschinsky, Horae Soc. Entom.
Ross., xxi, p. 180 (1887).

Bellardia sinicus, % , Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 629
(1892).

The description of Tabanus clausacella is as follows :—Black.
Thorax with ashy grey pubescence. Abdomen with red segmen-
tations, the second segment testaceous at the sides. Antennae
with the third joint testaceous at the base. ‘Tibiae white, with the
apex black. Wings with first posterior cell closed.

Length 6 lines, ~. Palpi of a yellowish white. Face, beard
and forehead white. Antennae: the two first joints and the small

168 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vion Ve

divisions of the third, black, first division of the third yellow, tooth
moderate. Thorax with tomentum of a rather yellowish grey;
sides of a whitish grey. Abdomen with fawn-coloured incisions,
terminated by yellow; second segment with a testaceous lateral
spot reaching the two borders; under side with tomentum and seg-
mentations whitish. I,egs black; tibiae of a yellowish white, black
at the apex. Wings clear, stigma brown, fitst posterior cell closed
near the border. From N. China (M. Bigot). Macquart, Dipt.
CXOLs, Vs Datos

This description by Macquart of his species is unusually in-
correct as he overlooked the grey triangular spots of the abdomen,
yet there is no doubt of the identity of the type, which is
however a very faded dirty specimen, a male measuring 15 mm.
Schiner could hardly identify his male specimen from the above-
mentioned description, and gave it anew name. His description is
as follows :—

@, type, from Hongkong. Closely related to Tabanus man-
darinus, and identical in many respects with it; the differences are
as follows.

Abdomen at bottom dark brown, the two basal rings as in
the above-mentioned species, the following three rings with white
tomentum, leaving four almost triangular spots of the ground colour
free on the anterior border ; or these segments might be described
as brown, each with an anteriorly indented, posterior band;
under the white tomentum, in some lights less distinct, the ground
colour is reddish yellow, the sixth segment on the under side black-
ish, at the sides reddish yellow, the tomentum as in Tabanus
mandaryinus. Antennae rusty yellow, the third joint at the apex
black-brown, the middle and posterior tibiae are almost wholly red-
yellow. In every other respect identical with Tabanus mandarinus.
6 lines. One male.

Though this species is so closely allied to Tabanus mandari-
nus I do not think it possible to consider it as merely a variety
Of it

I have before me also, from the same locality, a female speci-
men that possibly may be the female of T. administrans, the
identity of all plastic characters at least encourages this opinion,
but the abdomen is differently marked (and besides is not well pre-
served), and the first posterior cell is narrowed but not closed.
The forehead is fairly broad, whitish grey above the antennae, the
callus black, broad at the base, then becoming narrower and con-
tinued to the vertex as a line, ocelligerous spot present, but no
ocelli visible. Schiner, Reise der Novara, Diptera, p. 83.

Portschinsky described his type from Chinese Mongolia thus—

This species is similar to Tabanus autumnalis, from which
it is quite distinct, the first posterior cell of wing being closed with a
long petiole, the size of body is less and it is much narrower in
shape.

Black with cinereous or grey tomentum, sub-naked or very
shortly pubescent.

1giI.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 169

Head wholly white and white haired, frontal callus narrow,
oblong, ovate, continued in a black line. Eyes naked, not banded.
Palpi white. Antennae reddish, at apex more or less widely black,
the third joint at base with distinct tooth. Thorax with three
wide stripes (anterior half divided by a narrow ashy grey line) in
middle with very short black hairs, at sides with yellow hairs.
Abdomen black with three grey or white rows or spots, the middle
spot triangular as in Tabanus autumnalis, rather wider at apex ;
under side grey with middle stripe brown less conspicuous, each
segment at apex narrowly margined with yellow. Squamae dark.
Halteres white, at base black. Length 7} lines. Portsch., Horae
Soc. Entom. Ross., xxi, 180 (1887).

@. ‘The abdomen is blackish markedas in the male, with grey
tomentose triangular median distinct spots and with lateral less
distinctly defined ones, the segmentations very narrowly lighter.
Thorax similar. ‘Tibiae all yellowish with apices black. Palpi
reddish yellow, long ending in an acute point, with black pubes-
cence. Antennae with black pubescence on first two joints, third
long rather slender with obtuse tooth. Forehead narrow, very
slightly narrower anteriorly, about seven times as long as it is
broad, covered with yellowish brown tomentum and some scattered
pubescence. Frontal callus oblong, not touching eyes, reddish
brown or brown with a short spindle-shaped extension. Length of
specimens from 15—18 mm.

Three females from Wei Hai Wei have the first posterior cell
not closed but very much narrowed at the border, but are in all
respects similar, with the exception of the greater size of the lateral
spots which take up nearly the whole width of the segments.

a. The colour ot the abdomen is yellowish brown or darker
brown, the lateral white tomentose spots often vellowish, ill defined,
the second segment sometimes almost wholly yellowish brown with
three grey spots; the median triangular grey spots always weil
matked. Thorax dark with grey tomentum and stripes, these last
often with short scattered yellowish pubescence. ‘The fore tibiae
are usually red-yellow as well as the others, but sometimes ob-
scurely so, and always on only the basal half.

Head large, the facets sharply divided, the small ones reach-
ing half-way up the frontal triangle anteriorly and continued pos-
teriorly as a narrow band to the ocelligerous tubercle. Tength
from 15—18 mm.

The Macquart type came from China (on the label is ‘* China
boreal’’); the Walker type from Hongkong; the Portschinsky type
from Chinese Mongolia; and Schiner’s type from Hongkong. In
Bull. Ent. France, 1887, p. Ixxvii, Tabanus amaenus is recorded
from near Yeso, N. Japan, by Bigot.

In Brit. Mus. coll. are specimens from Foo Chow and Swatow,
and Shanghai (Walker); Formosa; and Japan (Dr. Myajima, 1909).
In the Kertesz coll. along series of males and females from Formosa.

The species probably belongs to the northern part of the
Oriental Region and the southern part of the Paleearctic Region.

170 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voru. IV;

Bellardia simicus, described by Bigot from one specimen from
China, is from the description no doubt this species described by
Walker and others, the type is probably now lost.

This species has certainly a great resemblance to Tabanus
autumnalis, L,., but may be distinguished from it by the closed
first posterior cell, and even in these specimens with this cell not
closed but very narrow, the narrower abdomen and smaller size
of insect, the narrower forehead seven times as long as it is wide
(in T. autumnalts it is only five times) and the frontal callus nearly
reaching the eyes will serve to distinguish it.

Tabanus mandarinus, «7, Schiner.

Reise der Novara, Dipt., 83, 8 (1868).

Tabanus trigeminus, 2 , Coq., Proc. U. States Nat. Mus., xxi,
310 (1808).

Brown reddish; thorax at bottom very dark with white
tomentum which makes it in certain lights appear quite white,
and with five stripes, the middle one narrow, rather yellowish,
divided by a shining brown line, in certain lights very indistinct,
the outer ones situated quite on the sides of thorax, and uniting
pair-like with the inner ones before the scutellum. Breast sides
nearly red-yellow, the shoulders red-yellow. Scutellum brown,
in certain lights whitish, the posterior border red-yellow, the
pubescence chiefly dark, on the breast sides white, and in certain
places tuft-like. Abdomen black, the first and second segment
thickly whitish tomentose, leaving of the ground colour only four
spots apparent, on each of the 3—5 segments a whitish yellow
triangular median spot which (?) takes up the whole hind border
with its broad base, and reaches the fore border with its apex,
the side borders. also whitish. extending on each segment a little
inwards, the segmentations narrowly red-yellow ; under side black-
ish with yellow sides and segmentations, in certain lights it
appears wholly white with the exception of a broad middle stripe.
Head very large, the eyes very convex, the facets below and at
the side very small, the upper ones large. Face very concave in
the middle, whitish, proboscis short, black, projecting horizontally,
palpi white-yellow, the end joint mussel-shaped. Antennae brown,
the first joint appearing grey, the second rusty yellow, both quite
bare, the first above projecting triangularly, the second with an
upper thorn-like point, the third above with a shallow indentation
and an obtuse angle. Legs black-brown, coxae and femora
appearing white in certain lights and white haired, tibiae red-yellow
on their basal half, more so on their outer than their inner side,
tarsi black. Wings hyaline, the longish stigma brown, the first
posterior cell closed, no appendix. Length 9 lines; one o from
Hongkong.

A magnificent species. Schiner, Reise der Novara, Dipt.,
D203.

1git.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. ey

Schiner thinks it is nearly related to Tabanus spolvaius, Walker,
but not the same. It has in fact no kind of resemblance to the
Walker species.

Brauer in Denkschr. Akad. Wien, xlii, p. 191 (1880), remarks
that this species is very similar to Tabanus rectus, Loew, from
Spain and Marseilles, but that the large facets of the eyes reach
to behind the ocelligerous tubercle, and the zone of small facets
above is narrow and not so broad as in Loew’s species.

This species and Tabanus administrans, Schiner (now equal to
Tabanus clausacella, Macq.), are related to Tabanus autumnalis, L.,
and Tabanus rectus, Loew, but the closed first or very much nar-
rowed posterior cell will serve to distinguish both species. This
species is distinguished from Tabanus c/ausacella by the absence of
spots on the sides of the posterior segments and by its larger
broader abdomen, and forehead not so narrow anteriorly.

In Brit. Mus. coll. specimens @ and @- from Tientsin; ?
specimens from Wei Hai Wei (‘‘ biting cows’’); from Chinkiang,
Yangtze River, Foo Chow, Shanghai; Formosa and Japan.

Tabanus trigeminus is recorded from Japan, six @ specimens
measuring 17-18 mm., the first posterior cell narrowed at opening.
A long series from Dr. Miyajima from Japan have this same
peculiarity. The species belongs to both zoological Regions.
It is rather a blackish than a reddish brown species, with well-
marked grey triangular median spot and lateral spots on the first
two or three segments. ‘Th> first posterior cell of wings usually
closed, but occasionally only narrowed at opening. Face greyish
tomentose with yellowish white pubescence. Palpi large, not very
stout at base, ending in an obtuse point, reddish yellow with
black pubescence. Forehead in 2 narrower anteriorly, nearly
six times as long as it is broad, frontal callus oblong, reddish
brown, not reaching the eyes, with a thick linear extension, the
forehead covered with grey or yellowish grey tomentum and grey
hairs, in many specimens a dark patch is present in the middle
with black hairs. Thorax brownish black with three white stripes
on dorsum and sides white, breast sides covered with greyish
tomentum. Scutellum blackish brown with grey tomentum bordered
posteriorly with grey hairs, on dorsum of thorax the pubescence
is white and black, at sides black, below white. Abdomen black,
the first two segments might be described as black, the first with
three spots and the sides grey tomentose, the second with a large
median and two lateral grey spots, on the third segment in some
specimens there appear traces of a third spot, the segmentations
usually narrower than as described by Schiner but in the specimens
from Japan they are broader, grey tomentose slightly reddish
yellow below. Wangs with first posterior cell closed with a short
petiole, or very narrow at the opening, the specimens from Japan
have it open, not closed, but very narrow; the @ from Tientsin
the same.

Length of specimens 15—2I mm.

172 Records of the Indtan Museum. [| VOL. IV,

Tabanus varicolor, Ricardo.

Tabanus variegatus, Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p.
458 (1875) (nomen bis lectum).

Lengthr4mm. Antennae with the first two joints and the base
of the third reddish yellow, the apex blackish. Forehead greyish
yellow, anteriorly paler, the lineal callus red, shining; head above
and below white and white haired ; palpi very pale, black haired.
Thorax on dorsum dark brown, the sides, posterior corners and
margin of scutellum reddish ; pleurae greyish and white haired.

Abdomen with the first two segments reddish yellow luteous ;
the following ones streaked blackish brown and ferruginous ; the
apex black, a pale dorsal stripe present on the four segments before
the last one; under side with the basal segments blackish, or black
spotted, posteriorly luteous, with white tomentum, and short
white hairs. Wings sub-limpid, the costal border luteous. Legs:
anterior ones black, the tibiae at the base widely luteous, the pos-
terior tibiae and knees luteous reddish yellow, femora and tarsi
more or less blackish. Calyptera ferruginous. Halteres with club
outside whitish, inside and the stalk brown-red. Rondani, Ann.
Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 458.

The name of variegatus being preoccupied by a Fabrician species
from N. America, I propose the substitution of varicolor for this
species, the type of which came from Sarawak, Borneo, and was
seen by me at Genoa.

It is a narrow-bodied specimen measuring 17 mm., with a
yellowish shining abdomen irregularly marked with black on all the
segments except the first one, and has besides three series irregular
shaped greyish spots median and lateral, indistinct; the blackish
markings are situated between the anterior and posterior borders
of segments, the seventh segment is blackest, with black hairs on
the outer border; the dorsum appears finely punctuated all over,
pubescence black, thickest on the apical segments; under side
similar but darker. Thorax blackish with grey tomentum, reddish
at sides, with black hairs at the sides; scutelluim blackish, red
round the outer border. Legs yellow, with black pubescence, the
femora reddish brown with white pubescence, the tarsi reddish
brown. Face with grey tomentum and whitish hairs. Palpz
yellow, thickly covered with black hairs, slender, ending in an
obtuse point. Antennae reddish, dusky on the third joint, the tooth
distinct, the first two joints with black hairs. Forehead with
yellow-brown tomentum, narrow, anteriorly barely half as wide,
about eight times as long as it is broad, the frontal callus yellow
mahogany, narrow, oblong, not reaching the eyes.

I have not seen any specimens identical with this isolated
type.

Tabanus rubicundus, 7 @? , Macquart.
(Pl. sanietiee 12.)

Dipt. exot., Suppl. 1, py 26072846); 7d., Suppl i), p: 170

(2847); 2d., Suppl. v, p. 47 (as55)

IgII.] G. RicaARDO: Revision of the species of 'Tabanus. 173

Tabanus internus, Walker, ° , List Dipt., i, p. 164 (1848).

Tabanus monilifer, 2, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p.
654 (1892). [Atylotus.]

@. Testaceous, abdomen with dorsal white spots. Legs tes-
taceous ; anterior tibiae white at base. Length 7} lines.

Palpi of a pale yellow. Beard and face yellowish white.
Forehead yellowish with a testaceous callus prolonged as a line.
Antennae: the first two joints are testaceous, the third is wanting.
Thorax and abdomen testaceous (denuded), with traces of a yellow-
ish down ; an abdominal stripe of triangular whitish spots; under
side with whitish down. Anterior tibiae whitish in front, brown at
apex. Wings yellowish, veins normal.

Brom India. Macq. Dipt. exot.. Suppl. 1/p2 160:

@”. Wehave since describing the female observed the male
which differs inthe dark colour of the thorax and abdomen. Macq.,
i.c., Suppl. ili, p.170. From Java. Length 6 lines. Palpi yellow-
ish. Beard white. Forehead and face white, a little yellowish.
Antennae testaceous, third joint with the usual tooth and the last
divisions black. Eyes: upper part brown, tower part black.
Thorax with a yellowish grey tomentum, a testaceous stripe with
greyish tomentum, passing above the insertion of the wings ; sides
with ashy grey tomentum. Abdomen testaceous; segmentations
a little yellow (seen sideways), seventh segment brown ; under side
the same. Legs fawn-coloured, femora blackish, a little fawn-
coloured at apex; tarsi brownish. Wings clear, exterior border and
stigma yellow: veins normal. From Java. Macq., /.c., Suppl. v,
p- 47-

Macquart’s types are in Mr. Verrall’s coll.

Walker’s type from Sylhet, Assam.

Bigots type from N. Khasi, in a very dirty condition, two
other females with it are from Sibsagar, Assam, and India.

In Brit. Mus. coll. specimens (females) from Sylhet ; Chargola
Valley, Sylhet; Dibia, Khasi Hills District (Chennell), and Khasi
Hills (Godwin-Austen, Sladen). In Indian Museum coll. females
from N. Khasi and Assam.

This species is distinguished from the species in Tabanus
fumtfer subgroup by its smaller size, broader, almost parallel fore-
head and reddish yellow colour.

A medium-sized reddish yellow species, the median triangular
spots on abdomen small and often indistinct, the pubescence on
dorsum scanty. Antennae reddish, rather wide at their base.
Legs reddish brown. Length 17-18 mm.

Face covered with yellowish brown tomentum and with white
pubescence. Beard yellowish white. Palpi reddish yellow with
some grey tomentum and rather thick black pubescence, in shape
long and slender, ending in alongapex. Antennae deep red, darker
at the apex, the first two joints with some black pubescence,
the tooth of third joint prominent. fovehead rather narrow, about
six times as long as it is wide, very slightly narrower anteriorly,

174 Records of the Indian Museum. [VO1zIVE

the same colour as the face; frontal callus oblong, brownish, not
reaching the eyes, the linear extension narrow. Thorax obscurely
reddish brown, sometimes blackish, stripes indistinct, covered with
some yellowish brown tomentum and a few hairs of the same colour
and with scattered black pubescence, sides redder with black hairs ;
breast black with grey tomentum and obscure yellow pubescence.
Abdomen reddish yellow, the last three segments slightly darker,
the small triangular grey tomentose spots with yellowish pubes-
cence are present from the first to the fifth, sometimes reaching
the sixth segment, most conspicuous on the third, fourth and fifth ;
the dorsum with rather dense but inconspicuous black pubescence ;
under side with lighter segmentations, and yellowish white pubes-
cence. Legs: femora reddish brown with grey tomentum below
and with yellowish pubescence, tibiae reddish yellow, the fore pair
darker at apex with yellowish hairs on the paler part, the tarsi
reddish brown with black pubescence. Wangs grey, tinged with
brown on fore border and round veins, veins yellowish brown, an
appendix is present only in the Bigot type and in a female from
Khasi Hills.

The male type (Macquart) has no sign of median grey spots
on abdomen, and may possibly prove not to belong to this species,
which seems otherwise confined to India and Assam.

Tabanus stantoni, 2 , n. sp.
CEA Say cast oes 2)

In Brit. Mus. coll. a long series from Batu Tisa, Labuan
Padang, Federated Malay States (Pratt, Stanton), others from
Selangor, and Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.

A large reddish yellow broad-bodied species, distinguished
from Tabanus fumifer, Wik., by the greater width of the forehead,
anteriorly never more than one-third narrower than it is at vertex,
in I’. funufer the forehead begins to get narrower half-way from
the vertex, in this species it is hardly perceptibly narrower and
only begins to be so just before it terminates. Thorax has a
paler appearance. Abdomen more reddish yellow. Length
19$—25 mm.

Face with yellowish hairs. Palfi yellow with black pubes-
cence, not very stout at base, ending in an acute point. Forehead
eight to nine times as long as it is broad and barely a third
narrower anteriorly, nearly parallel, frontal callus long and
natrow, not touching the eyes, slightly club-shaped. Antennae
reddish, with the third joint black. Thorax brownish with in-
distinct stripes, covered with brownish yellow tomentum,
appressed fulvous hairs and some black pubescence. Abdomen
appearing reddish brown, more strictly reddish yellow, but the
close black pubescence gives it the darker appearance and with
some brownish yellow tomentum makes it appear not uniform in
colour, the median spots often indistinct, are yellow haired, short,

rgir.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 175

triangular; under side with thick yellow pubescence at the sides
and on seginentations, leaving a broad dark median stripe. Legs:
femora blackish with grey tomentum, the tibiae obscurely yellow-
ish or reddish brown, apices and all tarsi black; the pubescence on
coxae and femora yellowish, elsewhere black. Wings large, tinged
yellowish brown or almost clear with no appendix, veins blackish
on fore border, thin brown, the first posterior cell widely open.

Tabanus indianus, 7 @,n. sp.

2? Tabanus mentitus, 7 , W\k., List Dipt., i, p. 162 (1848).
In Brit. Mus. coll.

Type ? and a series from Kadra, N. Kanara, S. W. India
(Bell). Others from Formosa in Dr. Kertesz’s coll. Type ~ and
a series from Formosa in Dr. Kertesz’s coll.

A reddish brown species with a long narrow abdomen, distin-
guished from others of the fumifer subgroup by the distinct pale
yellow fore tibiae with white hairs of the female, and by the longer
narrow white-haired triangular median spots of abdomen. Femora
with black pubescence. Length of type ? 20mm., others from
17—22 mm.

@. Head wider than thorax. Face covered with greyish
tomentum, with a few white hairs. Beard white. Palpi very simi-
lar to those of Tabanus malayensis, n. sp., with long obtuse apex,
only slightly stouter at base, yellow with thick black pubescence.
Antennae reddish brown, darker at apex, the first two joints and
apex of tooth with black pubescence. Forehead covered with
yellowish brown tomentum-eand with some black hairs, about eight
times as long as it is wide, only slightly narrower anteriorly
(barely a third) than at vertex: frontal callus reddish brown,
long, narrow, not reaching the eyes, with long linear extension.
Thorax blackish with some grey tomentum and with black pubes-
cence and fulvous appressed hairs, sides with black hairs ; breast with
reddish white pubescence. Abdomen reddish brown, the median
triangular white-haired spots are present from the 2-5th segments,
with traces of one on the first and sixth segments, their apices
almost reach the anterior border of each segment; pubescence on
dorsum black, thicker at apex; under side lighter reddish brown
with white pubescence, which is also present on sides of abdomen
except at the apex where it is black. Legs dark reddish brown or
blackish brown, coxae with long white hairs, the femora with grey
tomentum and black pubescence, white on the under side of the
middle and posterior pairs, tibiae pale yellow, black at their apices,
the fore tibiae appear whiter on account of their white hairs; the
middleand posterior pairs have some white pubescence below,
otherwise it is black, and on all the tarsi. Wings long, faintly
tinged yellow-brown on fore border and along veins, stigma
yellowish brown, veins brown, first posterior cell slightly narrowed
at opening.

176 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VoL. IV;

The specimens from Formosa have the abdomen in females
more reddish yellow, the segmentations paler with yellow hairs.
Frontal callus a little broader and more pear-shaped.

o. Redder in colour than the female, the spots on abdomen
are smaller and the fore tibiae dull yellowish or obscurely red at
base with only a few lighter hairs. Eyes large, the large facets
occupy the upper half but do not reach the anterior border of the
frontal triangle, nor the vertex where the small facets extend as
a narrow border. Palpi yellow, with yellow pubescence and a few
black hairs at apex. Length of males 17—20} mm.

The type of Tabanus mentitus, Walker, a male from Foochow,
China (G. T. Lay), is probably identical, judging from its similarity
to the male from Formosa, but owing to its bad condition and the
fact of its being a male, its identity must remain doubtful till the
advent of more material.

The blackish colouring sometimes surrounding the median
abdominal spots is more distinct than usual, as oblong black spots
on the second, third and fourth segments, and only on the third
and fourth segments is a median grey spot visible, probably owing
to denudation, the apex of the abdomen is blackish.

Tabanus brunneus, Macq.

Suites a Butions 1, p: 203-(1834)- 7d. Dipt. exot., 1, p. 132
(1838).

In Brit. Mus. coll. one female from Timor and one male from
Java.
In Indian Mus. coll. one female from Semangho, Selangor, ‘‘ on
Catcles:

Length 8 lines.

Blackish brown. Palpi brownish. Face and forehead yellow-
ish grey; the latter narrower than usual, velvety brown; elevation
near the antennae longitudinal, and the usual line black. Antennae
black, inserted a little tower than in other species. Thorax
covered with a short thick, brown tomentum ; two brown stripes
on the outer border; sides with yellowish hairs ; a yellowish space
with black hairs under the base of the wings, abdomen with dorsal
triangular white spots, the three first segments brown, the four
others black ; a small yellowish spot on each side of the posterior
border of the segments; under side yellowish, a hemispherical black
spot on each segment. Legs black. Wings brownish, @.

From Java, in my cabinet. Macquart, Suites a Buffon, 1,
b.2203-

Brown. Antennae black. Abdomen with triangular white
spots. Legs black. Wings brown. Length 6 lines.

2. Palpi brownish. Face and forehead greyish yellow, frontal
callus narrow and little distinct from the line proceeding from it.
Antennae black. Thorax black, with brown tomentum. Abdomen
black; a dorsal triangular yellowish white spot as well as a spot

)

rgtt.] G. Ricarpbo: Kevision of the species of Tabanus. 177

on the exterior border of each segment. legs black, with yellow-
ish tomentum. From East India (M. Marc) Museum. An identi-
cal specimen in my collection came from Java. Macquart, Dipt.
Cxoty isp 1132:

Type ¢ (the one from India I- believe) seen by me in Paris
Museum. A medium-sized species distinguished from Tabanus
tnternus, Wlk., with which I compared it, by the narrower forehead
and frontal callus and by the spots on abdomen which are al-
most hemispherical in shape, on the second to fifth segments, small
and oblong on the sixth, abdomen dark brown in colour, the seg-
mentations very narrowly yellowish, and the lateral margins more
widely so, forming the spots mentioned by Macquart; under side
brown with vellowish segmentations and yellow pubescence on them.

Wings clear, tinged brown. Legs brownish, tibiae appearing
obscurely reddish on middle and posterior legs. Forehead narrow,
eight or more times as long as it is broad, narrower anteriorly,
with a long narrow frontal callus and lineal extension. Antennae
reddish brown, falp: rather broad, brownish yellow with black
pubescence. Face with yellowish white pubescence. Beard the
same colour.

This is apparently a distinct species, distinguished by the
almost wholly black legs, dark palpi and antennae and by the
hemispherical spots of the dark blackish brown abdomen.

Tabanus fumifer, 7 9, Walker.
(Pl. xiv; fis. 142)
Proc, linn. Soc., 1, p. 11-(1857).
Types o and 2 from Sarawak, Borneo (Saunders coll.).

In Brit. Mus. coll. specimens from Darien Tipus, Negui
Sembilan, Federated Maiay States (Stanton coll.) ; from Sungei,
Bessi, Selangor (Durham); from Batu Tiga, Selangor (Stanton
coll.) ; Singapore (Ridley), Sumatra (Forbes).

A somewhat variable species, in colouring, but distinguished
by the extreme narrowness of forehead, becoming anteriorly only
half the width of what it is at vertex. The abdomen varies from
reddish yellow anteriorly, becoming darker at apex (type), to dark
reddish brown with small median indistinct spots, sometimes not
apparent, the black pubescence on dorsum always rather thick,
sides with yellow hairs anteriorly (type), but some specimens
have black hairs entirely. Legs blackish, the fore tibiae usually ob-
scurely reddish, on their basal third or half with some yellow hairs
occasionally reddish yellow on basal half, the middle and posterior
pair obscurely reddish or reddish yellow, only black at their apices.
Wings tinged brown all along the veins, but in some specimens
only tinged very slightly. Length from 15—21 mm. ‘The female
type 2I mm.

9. Face covered with yellowish brown or grey tomentum and
with some whitish yellow hairs. Beard pale yellow. Palpi large

178 Records of the Indian Museum. DV oT. SEVe

with obtuse apex, almost the same width throughout, yellowish
red but densely clothed with black pubescence. Antennae reddish
brown, the first two joints with black pubescence, tooth of third
joint distinct. Forehead narrow, covered with yellowish brown
tomentum, nearly eight times as long as it is broad, barely half as
wide anteriorly as it is at vertex; frontal callus brownish, long,
narrow, not reaching the eyes with a rather long linear extension.
Thorax reddish brown or blackish with stripes hardly apparent,
some greyish yellow tomentum on dorsum, the pubescence black,
with some short appressed yellowish hairs, shoulders more red, sides
with black hairs; breast covered with grey tomentum and with
yellowish hairs. Scutellum identical with thorax. Abdomen red-
dish brown, often more yellow-red anteriorly and darker at apex,
spots usually present on each segment but often indistinct and
indicated by a few yellow hairs only, usually small with short
triangles ; under side reddish brown, the segmentations bordered
with yellowish hairs ; sides of abdomen with black hairs and a few
yellow hairs below or. with almost wholly yellow hairs. Legs:
femora black covered with grey tomentum below, the pubescence
black and short above, yellow and longer below, coxae black covered
with grey tomentum and with thick whitish pubescence on the fore
pair, the pubescence on the dark red tibiae black and rather thick,
some yellow or white hairs on the fore tibiae at base which alone
is reddish. Wings in type very distinctly tinged brown on all the
veins, but this is fainter in many specimens and sometimes almost
confined to fore border ; veins brown, stigma yellow.

@. The male type has now lost part of abdomen, but other
males in the Brit. Mus. coll. from Singapore and Sumatra appear
identical.

Beard and hairs on face in type brownish, in the other males
whitish. The palpi yellowish red, with black pubescence. The
frontal triangle reddish brown. Eyes with large facets on the
upper part, not extending beyond the apex of the frontal triangle,
reaching the vertex but gradually sloping away from it towards
the centre of eye. Abdomen on its anterior half yellowish red, the
apex darker, the sides bordered with a short fringe of black hairs,
but on the posterior lateral angles of the segments are some yellow
hairs ; under side reddish brown with yellow-haired segmentations.
Wings in type deeply tinged yellowish brown, in other males
yellow on fore border only, between the costal border and the
first vein. .

Tabanus malayensis, ? , n. sp.

In Brit. Mus. coll. type @ and a long series from Darien
Tipus, Negui Sembilan, Federated Malay States, collected by Dr.
A. T. Stanton on a new road running through jungle in February
and March, 1908, and others in 1909 by him at Batu Tiga, others
from Kuala I,umpur, Selangor, Federated Malay States (Durham),
and from Singapore (Ridley)

IgiI.] G. RicarDo: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 179

A species nearly allied to Tabanus fumifer, Wik., distinguished
only by its colouring and usually smaller size (16$—-21 mm.), differ-
ing in the bright yellow-haired median spots of abdomen which are
larger and very distinct, with longer apices, and by the presence of
lateral yellow-haired spots on sides of segments in form of isosceles
triangles, usually present from the second to the fifth segments ;
under side more yellow with yellow pubescence on the sides. The
thorax and scutellum have a paler appearance with greyish yellow
tomentum and more numerous appressed fulvous hairs. The
tomentum on the femora is more yellowish grey. Forehead seven
to eight times as long as it is broad, very narrow anteriorly as in
Tabanus funufer with the same long narrow frontal callus. Antennae
blackish brown, in some specimens reddish at base of third joint,
the first two joints with some grey tomentum and black hairs.
Palpi large, ending in an obtuse point, yellowish with dense black
pubescence. Abdomen reddish brown, redder on the anterior seg-
ments, the whole dorsum covered with thick short black pubes-
cence, on the posterior borders of segments appear a few yellow
hairs, the spots consist of a small almost square one on the first
segment, on the following four they are triangular in shape with
short apices which do not reach the fore border of segment, those
on the third and fourth segments usually with the widest bases,
on the fifth appear traces of a small triangular spot, all have a
yellowish or greyish ground colour covered with bright yellow
hairs, sides of segments with spots as described above ; under side
covered with yellowish pubescence leaving a broad central black
stripe apparent. Legs similar to those of Tabanus fumifer, W1k.
Wings grey, very slightly tinged brown, chiefly on the fore border,
stigma yellowish, veins brown, the first posterior cell slightly
narrower at opening.

Tabanus factiosus, 7 @ , Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, iv, p. 102 (1859).

Type ~ from Celebes. Type ? from Makessar, Celebes, both
from Saunders coll.

‘Two females from Negros, Philippines (Whitehead).

@. This large reddish brown species is very nearly allied to
Tabanus fumifer, Wik., indeed the female seems only distinguished
from the latter species by its larger size and by the fore tibiae being
more largely yellowish or white, for quite two-thirds of their length,
and by the wings being nearly clear, even the space between costa
and first longitudinal vein being only faintly yellow. The thorax
appears lighter, having more grey tomentum and a few appressed
yellow hairs. Abdomen large, broad, with grey triangular spots on
every segment except the first and last ones, on the fourth, fifth
and sixth the segmentations are lighter, colour of abdomen reddish
brown. Length 23 mm.

180 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.L. IV,

@”. Male type is not mentioned in Walker’s description, but
bears a label ‘‘ factious’’ in his handwriting. It is immediately
distinguished by the eyes which have the facets almost the same
size, those where the eyes join hardly perceptibly larger; this
character at once distinguishes it from Tabanus fumifer. Beard
blackish, with the same coloured hairs on face. Fore tibiae black.
Wings deeply tinged yellowish brown. ‘Till further material is
available, it is impossible to define this species more accurately.

Tabanus dissimilis, 9, n. sp.
(Pla xiveig <5.)

Type ¢ from Selangor (Butler), a series from Singapore
(Butler, Ridley), two @ from Silam, N. Borneo and Borneo.

A species very nearly allied to Tabanus fumifer, Wik., but dis-
tinguished from it in general appearance by the redder thorax,
covered thickly with ashy grey tomentum, and with black pubes-
cence so that it appears darker than in the Walker species, with no
yellowish interspersed hairs, and by the clear wings, only the space
between the costa and the first longitudinal vein being yellowish
brown. In the less width of the forehead anteriorly with the frontal
callus practically reaching the eyes lies the chief plastic difference.

Length of type 21 mm., other specimens 19}—22 mm.

Head large, wider than thorax. Palpi witha rather longer apex
than in Tabanus fumifer. Forehead about ten times as long as it
is wide, hardly more than half the width of the vertex anteriorly.
Breast reddish with grey tomentum, and with black above and
white pubescence below. Scutellum identical with thorax. Abdo-
men very similar but anteriorly with traces of yellowish brown or
grey tomentum, the spots indistinct, often absent, usually white
haired ; under side reddish with grey tomentum and white pubes-
cence : the lighter hairs on sides of abdomen below the black ones
are white. Legs: the fore femora are reddish brown or black with
grey tomentum, but with wholly black pubescence, only the
middle and posterior pairs with white hairs below in some speci-
mens, in the type they are black. No white hairs are visible on
the fore tibiae, but a few on the hind tibiae below.

Tabanus ignobilis, @ , Rondani.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 457 (1875).
Length 15—20 mm.

Antennae brown-red. Forehead fulvous, the linear callus
reddish. Face white, with white hairs. Palpi very palely luteous,
black haired. Thorax with the dorsum obscurely red and with
darker stripes, the pleurae and breast whitish and white haired.
Abdomen brown-reddish, on the dorsum with black spots, chiefly
scattered posteriorly : the posterior margins of the segments
narrowly pale; the median whitish stripe of spots; under side

1g1t.| G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 181

brown-red the margins of the segments posteriorly with pale mar-
gins and very short white hairs.

Wings sub-limpid, the costal border brown yellowish, the
stigma browner. Calyptera ferruginous. Halteres with the knob
yellow, the stem red. Legs brown-red ; the apices of femora and
tibiae and all tarsi blackish. Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vu,
p. 457. From Sarawak Province.

Type ? in Nat. Hist. Museum,Genoa. Aspecimien @ in Brit. Mus.
coll. from Sandakan, N. Borneo, compared with type, is identical.

The type in good preservation, measures 20 mm., the black spots
mentioned in original description seem accidental stains or marks,
the median spots only commence from the third segment, the
thorax and scutellum are covered with grey tomentum, being
reddish in colour.

A species nearly allied to Tabanus dissinulis, n. sp., distin-
guished from it by its lighter redder thorax, abdomen and legs.
The abdomen is shining, uniformly reddish with grey median spots
from the second to the sixth segments, and with greyish narrow
segmentations, the little pubescence present, chiefly black.
Forehead, frontal callus and palpi similar to those of Tabanus dis-
similis. Legs reddish brown, the tarsi and apices of tibiae darker,
the fore femora on under side and hind tibiae at base with some
white hairs, the pubescence otherwise black. The specimen from
Sandakan measures 22 mm. ‘his species is not unlike Tabanus
vubicundus, Macq., but is distinguished from it by the greater
narrowness of the forehead anteriorly.

Tabanus nexus, 2 , Walker.

Proc: Winn Soc, 1, p.r10 (1875):

Type 2 from Sarawak, Borneo (Saunders coll.).

A large species very nearly similar to Tabanus ignobilis,
Rondani, from which it is only distinguished by the wings being not
quite clear, but deeply tinged with yellowish brown on the fore
border along the veins, and in the discal cell, reaching beyond its
borders. ‘The palpi are stouter, almost the same width throughout,
so that their apices are obtuse. There are no white hairs on the
hind tibiae, but the white pubescence on all the femora is distinct,
thickest on the fore pair.

Forehead about nine times as long asit is broad, and hardly more
than a third narrower anteriorly, frontal callus not reaching eyes ;
owing to its great similarity to Tabanus ignobilis, Rondani, this spe-
cies is placed next to it though strictly speaking it should go under
the heading of foreheads one-third narrower anteriorly in the table.

Tabanus signifer, 7, Walker.

Ins. Saund. Dipt., i, p. 452 (1856).
Type o from China.

182 Records of the Indian Museum. Von es

A red-brown species easily distinguished by the prominent
whitish tomentose triangular spots on the third and fourth abdo-
minal segments, and with the same coloured spots on the lateral
borders of the first four segments. Wings clear. Legs blackish.
Tibiae reddish. Length 21 mm.

Head large. Eyes with the large facets distinct, reaching the
apex of frontal triangle, and the vertex, the small facets extending
behind as a narrow border but not reaching the vertex apparently
(eyes discoloured). Face covered with grey tomentum and with
white hairs. Palpi yellow with black hairs. Beard white.
Antennae incomplete, Walker does not describe them ; the first two
joints reddish with black hairs. Thorax reddish brown with three
grey stripes, sides with black hairs. Scutellum reddish brown.
Abdomen conical, reddish brown, becoming darker towards the
apex, the two triangular median spots have very short apices, and
broad bases, the spots on lateral borders do not join them, a small
whitish tomentose median spot is visible on the second segment at
its base, pubescence black, but white on the spots; under side the
same but with no median spots visible. Legs (incomplete) blackish
with black pubescence, the tibiae reddish. Wangs yellow on costal
border, stigma yellow, veins yellowish brown, appendix present.

The species first named by Walker Tabanus apicalis, List
Dipt., 1, p. 176, and later changed by him to Tabanus finalis (the
first name being preoccupied), List Dipt., v, p. 258, is allied to this
species, and is also a male, but differs in having three large white
spots on the third, fourth and fifth segments and the cross-veins of
wings are shaded ; it is a badly preserved specimen from unknown
locality ; it may possibly belong to the American fauna.

Tabanus significans, ?, n. sp.

Type 2 and another female from Kuala Lumpur, Federated
Malay States (H. C. Pratt), in London School Tropical Medicine
coll, and another female from Darien Tipus, Malay States, in
Stanton coll.

This well-marked species allied to Tabanus signifer, Walker,
from China, is distinguished by the two well-marked grey tomen-
tose median spots on the brown abdomen, by the white tibiae and
wings slightly shaded on the cross-veins. Antennae red, forehead
narrow. Length 18 mm.

Face covered with whitish tomentum and with long white
hairs, a band across the base of antennae and the subcallus on its
outer borders with yellowish brown tomentum, between the
antennae and the eyes the band bears some long brown hairs ;
centre of subcallus covered with greyish tomentum. Beard white.
Palpt pale yellow with black pubescence, stout, ending in a point.
Antennae red, the first two joints paler and yellowish with black
pubescence, the third joint broad but with a very slight tooth
indeed. Forehead very uarrow, about ten times as long as it is

tgiI.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 183

broad, and a third narrower anteriorly, covered with greyish
tomentum, the frontal callus reddish yellow, very narrow, almost
cylindrical with a somewhat raised long lineal extension. Thorax
reddish brown with short black pubescence, shoulders and sides
covered with greyish tomentum which extends round the thorax
as a narrow border posteriorly, pubescence on the shoulders black,
on the sides white and long, extending round the scutellum which
is the same colour as thorax but with grey tomentum, this with
the white pubescence gives it a pale appearance, at least on its
posterior half. Abdomen brown or red-brown, clothed with short
black pubescence the grey tomentose spots are clothed with white
pubescence and are situated on the third and fourth segments, the
one on the latter is the largest, with a wide base and short apex,
almost half moon in shape, not reaching the anterior border of
segment, the other one is smaller, oblong, placed on the posterior
border of segment, on the sides of the first and second segments
are lateral similar spots, and on the fourth segment at side on
posterior margin a small tuft of white hairs, traces of a few white
hairs are visible in the middle of the second segment; under side
brownish yellow with some whitish tomentum at sides and anteriorly.
Legs: coxae and femora reddish with white pubescence on the
former, and black on the latter, the middle and posterior femora
are darker reddish brown, the tibiae white, black at their apices,
with the pubescence to correspond, tarsi all deep black. Wengs
slightly tinged with brown on the fore border and round trans-
verse veins, stigma and veins brown. Halteres black

Tabanus fuscomaculatus, 2, un. sp.

Type female and four others from Sima, Myitkyina District,
Upper Burma (Capt. Whitmore, I.M.S.), in Brit. Mus. coll., and
another female from Sikhim in Indian Museum coll.

A handsome stout dark reddish species, the abdomen with
two large black spots on the second and third segments and the
apex black. Antennae and palpi blackish. Legs blackish. Wings
tinged with brown and with an appendix. Length of type 20 mm.,
others 1I97—214 mm.

Face covered with greyish yellow tomentum, light yellow on
the cheeks, some dark short hairs in middle of face and long soft
pale yellowish hairs on cheeks. Beard pale yellowish. Palpi
stout, much the same width throughout, ending in an obtuse point
appearing black, but dark reddish, covered with greyish brown
tomentum and with thick black pubescence, brighter red on the in-
side. Antennae black, the first two joints red with black pubes-
cence, the third joint broad at base with a distinct tooth. Fore-
head narrow, about eight times as long as it is broad, slightly
narrower anteriorly, about one third, forehead and subcallus
covered with brownish yellow tomentum, the frontal callus black,
narrow, club-shaped, not reaching the eyes anteriorly, with a long
linear extension,

184 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV;

Thorax blackish, with brownish yellow tomentum, some ap-
pressed yellow hairs chiefly along the lateral sides of dorsum and
short black hairs scattered over dorsum; sides with yellow hairs,
shoulders reddish with black hairs, no sign of stripes on dorsum.
Scutelium similar to thorax, on posterior border with some long
yellow hairs. Abdomen reddish, the last three segments wholly
dull black, the median black spots very distinct, the one on
the second segment largest, bluntly triangular, neither base
nor apex reaching the border, the second one on third segment
smaller and more irregular in shape, the segmentations on the
first four red segments paler, yellowish ; pubescence on dorsum
black, golden vellow hairs are visible on the lighter segmentations,
chiefly at the sides, where they extend upwards, long and thick;
under side reddish yellow with a broad median stripe and the
apex black, pubescence the same but the golden yellow is more
prominent.

Legs appearing blackish, the coxae covered with yellowish
tomentum and with long yellow hairs, the femora with some grey
tomentum and yellow hairs on the upper and under side, otherwise
the pubescence is black, tibiae obscurely reddish with thick black
pubescence, tarsi with black pubescence but on the under side
of the posterior tarsi it is deep red. Wings tinged on fore
border and along the veins brownish, appendix short, not always
present, all posterior cells widely open, stigma brownish yellow,
veins brown.

Tabanus leucopogon, 2 , Bigot.
(PL esty si oes)

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 651 (1892). [Afylotus.]

Type @ from India and another @ from Sikhim, in Indian
Museum coll. A small species allied to Tabanus oxyceratus, Bigot,
but distinguished from it by the large oval frontal callus with
hardly any linear extension, and by the wings which are shaded
round the veins and have an appendix. Length 15 mm.

The type is a very faded poor specimen.

Face with white tomentum and white hairs. Beard white.
Palpi slender, long, not very stout at base, ending in a point, dull
reddish appearing dark by reason of the thick black short pubes-
cence. Antennae reddish brown. Subcallus and forehead covered
with yellowish brown tomentum. Forehead short, wide, very
slightly narrower anteriorly, practically parallel, about four times
as long as it is wide, the frontal callus blackish, not reaching the
eyes, oval or nearly square with hardly any prolongation, in the
type with a fine short line about the length of the callus itself.

Thorax brownish. Abdomen blackish brown, with white-
haired median spots on each segment except the last two. Legs
blackish, tibiae yellowish. Wings hyaline with brown shading
round the veins, fore border and stigma yellow, veins brown.

rgtt.] G. Rrcarvo: Revision of the species of ‘Tabanus. 185

Tabanus discrepans, 9, n. sp.
(PlR xiv, fie ize)
Type ¢ and another from Ceylon (Yerbury coll.)

A long narrow species in general appearance allied to the
species of the fumifer subgroup and more especially to Tabanus
indianus,n. sp., but distinguished from them by the wider forehead,
parallel in this species, and by the larger less narrow frontal callus.
Abdomen reddish brown with small median whitish spots. Legs
and antennae reddish. Palpi yellow. Wings tinged yellowish
brown. Length of type 20 mm. the other female 18 mm.

Face covered with yellowish grey tomentum, and with some
pale yellow short hairs, browner on cheeks. Beard whitish yellow.
Paipi stout, ending in a point, yellow with black pubescence and a
few white hairs intermixed. Antennae reddish, duskier at the tip,
the first joint pale yellow with black pubescence, third joint of
antennae with very slight tooth. Subcallus and forehead covered
with darker yellowish brown tomentum, the latter with some
black pubescence, parallel, about five times as long as it is broad,
the frontal callus red-brown, oblong, not reaching eyes with a short
but stout lineal extension. Thorax dusky brown, pale reddish
brown at sides and on shoulders, dorsum with appressed short
yellow hairs, sides with long black pubescence; breast covered
with greyish yellow tomentum and with pale yellow pubescence.
Scutellum same colour as thorax with some of the appressed
yellow hairs on sides, in the centre with black hairs. Abdomen
reddish brown with short black pubescence, on the paler segmen-
tations some yellowish white hairs extending to the sides and up
the lateral borders of segments, the grey tomentose median spots
present from second to fifth segment, more or less triangular in
shape; under side with wider whitish-haired segmentations, and
with the black pubescence. Legs reddish, the coxae covered with
greyish tomentum and with whitish pubescence, the fore and hind
femora darker, the apices of fore tibiae and all tarsi blackish brown,
femora and basal half of hind tibiae with vellow pubescence, else-
where it is black.

Wings tinged yellowish brown, the centres of the cells at apex
and on posterior border lighter in type, not discernible in the other
female, stigma and veins of fore border brown, other veins yellow-
ish brown, type alone with rudiment of an appendix.

Tabanus rufiventris, @ , Fabr. (mec Macq.).

Syst. Antl., 96 (1805); Wied., Dipt. exot., p. 66 (1821) ; 2d.,
Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 118 (1828).

Thorax dark, abdomen reddish, wings with a black costal
border. Of the size of Tabanus bovinus. Head ashy grey haired,
antennae black. Eyes golden; thorax dark, hardly ashy grey
striped. Abdomen reddish, with a dorsal stripe of white spots.

186 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

Wings white, costal border black. Legs black; tibiae red. East
India. Mus. Dom. Lund. Fabr., Syst. Antl., 96, 13.

Thorax brown, white pruinose ; abdomen red, white spotted,
wings with black costal border. 94 lines. From East India.

Antennae brown, black at the base and apex. Head yellow
haired. Forehead reddish with the usual shining stripe hardly
wider below. Thorax with hardly perceptible linear-shaped grey-
ish white stripes. Breast sides reddish. The white abdominal
spots are situated on the posterior border of each segment, the
side borders of these segments and the ventral segmentations are
also white. Wings almost hyaline, brownish black on the border.
Squamae brown. Halteres white. Inthe Royal Museum. Wied.,
Auss. Zweifl. Ins., 1, p. 118.

This species judging from the description may be identical
with Tabanus fumifer, Wik., but it is impossible to identify it with
any other species in this group where the species are only divided
from each other by very small differences, unless the type or the
specimen determined by Wiedemann is seen.

Tabanus dives, 2 , in parte, Rondani.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 457 (1875).
? = Tabanus stantoni, n. sp.

Type 2 in Genoa Museum seen by me, is the smaller species
of two specimens belonging to different species, the larger one
I believe to be the same as Tabanus univentris, W\k., and this one
is either the same as 7abanus stantont, n. sp., or very nearly allied
to it, only differing in the reddish brown abdomen having yellowish
segmentations, the under side uniformly yellowish. Wings with
lighter veins, yellow in colour, stigma the same, slightly tinged
with yellow, no appendix. Face yellowish with yellowish grey
hairs. Palpi large, stout, pale yellow with thick black pubescence,
and thick yellow pubescence above. Forehead as in Tabanus
stanton ,n. sp., the frontal callus yellowish mahogany and more pear-
shaped, narrower anteriorly, about ten times as long as it is wide,
the forehead with yellowish brown tomentum and black pubes-
cence. Antennae incomplete, the first two joints yellow. Length
18 mm. From Sarawak, Borneo.

Tabanus felderi, 7 2, Van der Wulp.

Notes Leyden Museum, vii, 78, 32; pl. v, fig. 7 (1885).

? Tabanus bucolicus, 7 , Schiner, Reise Novara Dipt., 8£, 4
(1868).

Blackish; antennae, palpi, three first segments of abdomen
(except the dorsal spots on segments 2 and 3), the posterior border
of the following ones and the legs red; eyes naked; wings greyish
red, with the angle of the third longitudinal vein omitting an ap-
pendix. o@ @, length 22-23 mm.

tgtt.] G. Rrcarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 187

Head greyish white; face of the ~ ochraceous; on the front of
the @ araised line, which is broader below. Antennae and palpi
reddish yellow; third joint of the antennae on the upper part
with a rather sharp tooth, slender towards the end, the tip brown.
Palpi in the female as long as the rostrum, in the male much
shorter. Eyes bare, bronze-coloured, even after having been
moistened without cross-bands; in the male the facets of the unper
portion large. Thorax and scutellum greyish black, with hardly
any indication of longitudinal bands; pleurae cinereous with a
yellow pile. Abdomen in the male pointed, in the female a little
narrower towards the end, in both sexes reddish yellow; the first
segment blackish below the margin of the scutellum, on the second
il third segments a dark grey dorsal spot; the following segments
fuscous, with pale reddish yellow hind margin; under surface of
abdomen testaceous, with yellow hind margins of the segments.
Legs reddish yellow; the tarsi a little darker; front coxae with
a long pale yellow pile; hind tibiae in the male fringed with short
hairs, the hairs of the outside black. Wings with a reddish grey
tinge; the upper branch of the furcated cell angular at its base
and with a recurrent vein. A single pair from Ningpo (near
Shanghai) presented to Leyden Museum by Dr. Felder. V. d.
Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum, vii, p. 78.

Tabanus bucoiicus was described by Schiner from one male
specimen taken at Hongkong, and from the description and the
comparison of one male specimen in the Brit. Mus. coll. with no
locality specified, it is possible that Wulp and Schiner described
the same species, but as there are no females in any of the col-
lections, the matter must be left doubtful for the present. I ap-
pend all that Schiner says regarding his species.

“Ts exactly the same as Tabanus intermedius, Egger, which,
as the name 7. intermedius was used earlier by Walker for a
North American species, I shell in future name Tabanus eggeri,
[Brauer however retains the original name as he says Walker's
species is doubtful; Kertesz in his last Cat. 1906 follows Schiner. |
It will suffice to give the differences. The middle of the face in
Tabanus bucolicus as well as the frontal triangle are snow-white,
the remainder bright yellow, the beard is golden yellow, the legs
are entirely bright reddish yellow, the tarsi hardly a little darker.
In all other respects similar to Tabanus eggevi. 11 lines.”

Brauer remarks at the end of his description of Tabanus inter-
medius that Tabanus bucolicus has much larger facets of the eye
(o) and these extend above to the ocelligerous tubercle, and thence
almost entirely to hind border.

Tabanus leucosparsus, ? , Bigot.
Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (3), ii, p. 203 (1890).

Length 18 mm.

Antennae incomplete, the first two joints brown; palpi, beard,
face and forehead whitish grey, frontal callus and tubercle of

188 Records of the Indian Museum. ~ [Vors ivy,

vertex chestnut-coloured (ocelli indistinct), the former at the base
wider and square, very much restricted in the middle, narrow,
oval, prolonged above. Thorax of a pinkish or flesh-coloured grey,
sides whitish. Abdomen black, with a median series of triangular
spots, wide towards the bases, smaller and smaller towards the
extremity, and on each side another series formed of narrow spots,
all these spots are whitish; squamae brown; halteres pale fawn-
coloured. Legs black, femora with a whitish tomentum below, base
of tibiae widely whitish. Wings clear, no appendix. Eyes naked.

Laos (Siam), one specimen, Bigot, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist.
Nat: Paris:(3), ai,-p) 2028:

This species with black abdomen marked with spots may
possibly be allied to Tabanus leucopogon, Bigot, from the descrip-
tion of the frontal callus, but is a larger insect.

Group IX.

Forehead with one square, narrow, or oblong callus, always
prolonged towards the vertex as a more or less narrow line, four to
ten times as long as it is broad. Species with paler bands on the
abdomen, spots are also sometimes present, large, medium-sized,
or small species.

Tabanus orientalis, Wied., Tabanus geniculatus and tncultus,
V.d. Wulp, are not included in the table, being unknown to me.
Tabanus geniculatus has a very narrow parallel forehead and narrow
callus, Tabanus incultus the same but narrower anteriorly.

Tabanus servillei, @ . Macq.

Dipt. exot., i, p. 132, 13 (1838); Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus.,
Vv, p. 246 (1854).

Tabanus pyrausta, 2 , Walker, Zoologist, viii, Appendix Ixv
(1850)2 1d; Last Dipt) Bur. Mus. v. p2 246 (16524);

Antennae black. Thorax fulvous. Abdomen black; with
white segmentations. Wings red; the first posterior cell closed.
Length ri lines.

Palpi black, wide at the base. Face and forehead greyish yel-
low ; the latter narrow with a black line, a little raised anteriorly.
Thorax with greyish yellow tomentum. Abdomen black; the
four first segments with a narrow yellowish white posterior band.
Calyptera blackish, bordered with white. From E. India. M.
Mare. Museum. One specimen from Javacccurs in M. Serville’s
collection. _Macquart, Diptiexotas p. 132, 13:

The specimen mentioned as from Java, is apparently the one
with another female now in Mr. Verrall’s coll. in very bad condi-
tion, but from the description and comparison of these with Walker’s
types there is no doubt they are identical. Walker placed the two

1g1I.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 189

species one after the other in his List Diptera, v, without discover-
ing their identity.

His type (female) from Mr. Argent’s coll. and another male
from Hon. EK. India Company’s Coll. are both from Java and well
preserved, and from these the following notes are taken.

Q. A large easily distinguished insect, the first posterior cell
of the wing closed with a rather long petiole reaching the border ;
blackish, the thorax covered with fulvous tomentum and the seg-
mentations of the abdomen fulvous. Length 25 mm., the Mac-
quart specimens 22 mm.

Face covered with fulvous tomentum and with brownish pubes-
cence. Beard brown, in one of the Macquart specimens it appears
to be mostly golden yellow. Pali large, stout, black, with black
pubescence. Antennae black, stout, the first two joints with black
hairs, the third joint with a large tooth, and broad at base.
Forehead and subcallus the same colour as face, the former very
narrow anteriorly, at the vertex quite double the width, about ten
times as long asit is wide, the frontal callus reddish brown, very
long and narrow, almost reaching the eyes with a long stout lineal
extension. Eyes as remarked by Walker with the facets a little
larger above. The bright coloured thorax with some scattered
yellow hairs, the sides with black hairs; breast same colour as
thorax with long yellow pubescence and some brown hairs.
Scutellum similar to thorax. Abdomen broad, the lighter segmenta-
tion most apparent on the first four segments; under side with
whitish segmentations. Legs wholly black, fore tibiae with some
greyish tomentum, pubescence black. Wungs tinged deeply reddish
yellow, stigma yellowish, veins yellow.

@ identical. Eyes with the large facets hardly reaching
beyond the apex of the frontal triangle, and the small facets not
reaching the vertex. Length 21 mm.

Tabanus crassus, 7 , Walker.

Dipt. Saund., i, p. 50 (1850).

Type male from E. India (Saunders coll.), and other males
from Karwan, N. Kanara, India (Bell) (“ in bungalow ’’), Hong-
kong (Walker), in Brit. Mus. coll.

In Howlett coll. two males from Pusa, Bengal (‘‘ in bungalow’’)
In Kertesz coll. males from Formosa.

This species, of which curiously enough no females appear to have
been collected, is an easily recognized blackish species, the first two
segments of the abdomen covered with a hoary tomentum ; wings
clear, the first posterior cell narrower at opening. Antennae reddish.
Palpi and legs blackish. Length of type 19 mm., others I5—20mm.

Face and subcallus covered with yellowish brown tomentum,
the tormer with blackish brown hairs. Beard the same colour,
thick. Palpi black with grey tomentum and blackhairs. Antennae
dull reddish yellow, black on apex, the first two joints with black

190 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

pubescence, the third joint narrow, slender, with a small tooth.
Eyes large, the large facets very distinct, the small facets hardly
reaching the vertex. Thorax reddish brown or blackish brown, with
yellowish brown tomentum and blackish pubescence. Scutellum
the same. _Aldomen blackish brown or reddish brown, the first two
segments reddish, densely covered with ashy grey tomentum, the
segmentations very indistinctly paler, the pubescence on dorsum
close, black, at sides black ; under side more reddish brown. Legs
appearing black, but often dull reddish covered with thick close
black pubescence, the femora and hind tibiae with longer black fringes.
Wings quite clear, stigma hardly apparent, pale yellow, veins on
fore border sometimes blackish, otherwise yellow, the first posterior
cell in type slightly narrowed, in some others more distinctly so, no
appendix.

It isjust possible that Tabanus basalts, 2° , Macquart, may
prove to be the female, but it is a very much narrower bodied
insect with dark wings.

Tabanus albocostatus, 2 , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 649 (1892). [Atvlotus.]
Type ¢@ from India.

No specimens of this species are in the collections mentioned
in this paper. It is a medium-sized specimen distinguished by the
lighter colour of the sides of thorax and of scutellum, the abdomen
being a dull brown with very narrow pale segmentations, antenne
(incomplete), palpi and beard dark, legs brown. Forehead rather
narrow. Length 21 mm.

Face and subcallus brown with yellowish brown tomentum,
pubescence dark brown. Beard brown. Palpi dull reddish,
covered with grey tomentum and with close black pubescence, long,
not very stout at base, ending in an obtuse point. Antennae with
the first two joints same colour as palpi, with black pubescence.
Forehead brown with grey tomentum, raised, about eight times as
long as it is broad, anteriorly reduced to almost half the width it is
at vertex, frontal callus black, long, not reaching the eyes, its lineal
extension stout, broad, ending in a finer point, not much longer than
the callus itself which is oblong. Thorax reddish brown on dorsum,
its sides redder, covered together with the shoulders with greyish
tomentum which extends narrowly round the posterior border,
scutellum covered with it also, pubescence of thorax now almost
mil, a few white hairs present, on shoulders brown; breast brown
with yellowish brown tomentum and brown pubescence. Abdomen
dull brown, the segmentations very narrowly reddish yellow, with
traces of a few white hairs in the middle, and white hairs are
distinct on the sides of the first five segments, pubescence otherwise
black; under side identical. Legs blackish with black pubescence,
the tibiae more dull reddish brown. Wings tinged brown on fore
border, veins and stigma brown, no appendix.

tgtt.] G. Rrcarpdo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. IgI

Tabanus explicatus, ? , Walker.

List Dipt:, v, p. 328 (1854).

Types, two females from Sikhim, E. Himalayas (Hooker) ;
another female from Khasi Hills (Chennell coll.) ; two females from
Coonoor, Central India. One male from Khasi Hills (Chennell coll.).

A black species with narrow fulvous segmentations on the
abdomen, yellowish white tibiae and hyaline wings with yellow veins
and stigma. Length 21 mm.

Face covered with greyish yellow tomentum and a few white
hairs. Beard pale yellowish. Palpi reddish with thick black
pubescence, almost the same width throughout, the apices obtuse.
Antennae reddish, the third joint dusky, broad at base with a
prominent tooth, the first two joints with black pubescence.

Forehead and subcallus same colour as face, the former nearly
seven times as long as it is broad and a third narrower anteriorly,
the frontal callus blackish brown, shining, oblong, not reaching
the eyes witha rather thick lineal extension. Thorax with some
grey tomentum, reddish at sides, hairs on sides yellowish. Abdo-
men blackish with narrow reddish segmentations on every segment,
which in fresh specimens are covered with whitish hairs, often
extending in the middle to almost a triangular spot, dorsum other-
wise appears devoid of pubescence ; under side similar. Legs black,
tibiae pale yellowish, black at apices, fore coxae densely covered with
yellowish grey tomentum, femora and tibiae with white, apices of
tibiae and tarsi with black pubescence. Wangs very slightly tinged
yellow on second and third longitudinal veins. The specimens from
Coonoor probably discoloured have more reddish brown colouring
on the abdomen which has yellowish pubescence. ‘The male is
identical with the female, the large facets occupy two-thirds of the
eye, the small facets extending as a narrow border to the vertex.

Tabanus nicobarensis, @ , Schiner.

Reise Novara Dipt., p. 81 (1866).

Black : thorax with some grey tomentum and with three paler
stripes, only distinct in certain lights and then especially so anter-
iorlv, sides also paler, the shoulders with white tomentum ; breast
sides and scutellum ashy grey ; the short pubescence on the dorsum
‘of thorax chiefly black or at least dark, but whitish on the sides of
breast, with a black-haired stripe from the base of wings to the
shoulders. Abdomen black-brown, the first segment whitish at
the sides, all segmentations clothed with snow-white short hairs
which are extended in the middle to small, blunt, triangular
spots ; under sides identical ; viewed from behind towards the light
a dark cinnamon-brown tomentum spreads over the whole abdomen
which, in comparison with the thorax viewed in the same light and
appearing very light grey, stands out in strong contrast. Head
black, with whitish tomentum and shining white pubescence; the

192 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

forehead anteriorly likewise whitish, but with a bright brassy
yellow glimmer ; the shining black callus situated rather far from
the antennae, oblong, filling up the entire width of forehead, its
posterior border with two incisions so that points appear at each
side, but from the middle a shining black line proceeds towards the
vertex, which is at first wider and from behind to the middle deeply
incised fork-like ; in the place where usually the ocelli are situated
appear two shining black raised little lines near each other; the
remaining surface of the forehead is grey tomentose, as is the rather
distinctly concave hind part of head; proboscis black and short,
the labella long. Palpi black-brown, with paler tomentum, broad
at the base then gradually ending in a point, curved, a little shorter
than the proboscis. Antennae black, the first projecting above;
the second very short with a thorny point, the third on the upper
side with a shallow incision, the angle only slightly projecting.
Eyes naked. Legs black, the tibiae by reason of the paler thick
tomentum at the base, appearing whitish, the fore tarsi unusually
broad and short. Wings tinged deep smoky brown, the centres of
cells rather paler, fore border darker, the first posterior cell widely
open, no appendix. Length 7 lines. Four females from Nicobar
Islands, one from Nankauri, the others from Sambelong. The
species could only be compared with Tabanus brunneus, Macq., but
there is no trace of black spots on the abdomen, neither of median
spots, and the sides are not whitish yellow. Tabanus brunneus
is also larger—8 lines. Schiner, Reise Novara Dipt., p. 81.

Two females from Nicobar Islands, 1904 (Bingham coll.; col-
lected by G. Rogers, Esq., Deputy Surveyor of Forests), in British
Museum coll. ;

In these specimens the wings are clear, veins brown. ‘The
forehead is about eight times as long as it is broad, and a third
narrower anteriorly. ‘The frontal callus large, a little protuberant,
reaching the eyes, with a lineal extension. Length 16-163 mm.
The comparison with Tabanus brunneus appears to me mislead-
ing, but no doubt Schiner had not had the advantage of seeing the
type.

Tabanus justorius, Rondani.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 455 (1875).

From Province Sarawak, Borneo. .

Length 15—17 mm.

@. Body black; forehead brown-grey, callus linear, black,
shining ; face white.

Antennae black. Palpi obscurely brown. ‘Thorax, particularly
at the pleurae, white, pruinose.

Wings blackish, the two basal cells in the middle, and a stripe

under the third longitudinal vein almost hyaline: costal border

blacker ; stigma black, appendix present. Halteres blackish, with
the knob largely whitish.

Igtt.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 193

Abdomen black, the posterior segments with white bands,
which are a little dilated in the middle of dorsum ; under side with
four white bands. Legs wholly black. Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, Vii, p. 455.

Type female and another fron. Sarawak seen by me in Nat.
Hist. Museum, Genoa. No specimens are present in the collections
named in this paper, but an easily identified species.

Blackish with white-haired bands on abdomen, legs and
antennae black. Length 17 mm.

Face grey with white pubescence. Palpi yellow, with thick
black pubescence. Antennae now incomplete, the first joint with
black pubescence. ‘The frontal callus long on the narrow forehead,
with a short linear extension. Forehead quite seven times as long
as it is wide and nearly two-thirds narrower anteriorly. Subcallus
with grey tomentum. Thorax blackish brown with grey tomentum,
and very indistinct stripes. Scufedlum brown with grey tomentum.
Abdomen rather long and narrow, the first segment broadly whitish
grey tomentose, second, third, fourth with whitish grey haired
narrow bands enlarged in the middle, the fifth and sixth with white-
haired median spots, colour of abdomen blackish brown with black
pubescence ; under side similar. Legs brownish black, the pubes-
cence black. Wings deeply tinged with brown, the discal, second
basal cell and apex almost clear, appendix present.

Tabanus khasiensis, 2 , Ricardo.
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), iti, p. 487 (1909).
Type @ and two other females from Khasi Hills, Assam,
T,000—3,000 ft. One female from Meerut (Indian Museum coll.).

A black medium-sized species with white bands on the abdo-
men. Antennae, palpi and legs blackish. Wings hyaline, tinged
with brown. Length 15-16 mm.

Nearly allied to Tabanus justorius, Rondani, from Borneo
but distinguished by the more hyaline wings, by the forehead being
the same width throughout, and by the darker palpi.

Face covered with greyish tomentum in the middie, on the
cheeks and subcallus with vellowish brown tomentum, the pubes-
cence black. Beard black. Palpi on outside appearing blackish
covered with grey tomentum and with black pubescence, on the
inside obscure reddish yellow, long and pointed, stouter at base.
Antennae dull reddish black or black, the first two joints with grey
tomentum and black pubescence, the tooth of third joint small.
Forehead same colour as subcallus, the same width throughout,
with a few black hairs, nearly seven times as long as it is broad ;
the frontal callus oblong, narrow, brown, not reaching the eyes,
furrowed in the middle, with a long rarrow linear extension.
Thorax, scutellum and abdomen brownish black, the former with grey
tomentum and traces of two stripes, the pubescence black, a few
appressed white hairs anteriorly ; sides with black hairs, a tuft
of white hairs behind the base of wings; breast black with grey

194 Records of the Indian Museum. Vor ay

tomenttim and black and white hairs. Scutellum on outer border
covered with grey tomentum, pubescence black, white on the outer
grey border. Abdomen with distinct white-haired bands on every
segment except the seventh, enlarging slightly in the middle to
half-moon spots and wider at the sides; under side similar. Legs
black or brownish black, with black pubescence, coxae with white
pubescence, and a few white hairs on hind femora below, the tibiae
are sometimes obscurely reddish brown at base. Wings clear,
tinged faintiy with brown, in one specimen it is more distinct and
borders the longitudinal veins.

Tabanus sanguineus, 2? , Walker.

Dipt. Saund., i, p. 54 (1850).

Tabanus assamensis, 2 , Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p.
653 (1892). [Atvlotus.]

Walker type @ from Java (Saunders coll.).

Bigot type @ , faded, from Assam.

In Brit. Mus. coll. females from Kelantan, Malacca; and
Hongkong.

In Howlett coll. from Pusa, Bengal; and Khasi Hills,
I ,o00O—3,000 ft. high.

Others sent for identification from Darien Tipus and Negui
Sembilan, Federated Malay States; Kuala Lumpur and Jelebu,
Federated Malay States ; Lushai Hills, Burma; and Formosa.

In Kertesz coll. two females fron: Sumatra.

This species has a wide distribution and is a handsome, easily
recognised species, but very liable to vary in appearance owing to
denudation on abdomen. In well-preserved specimens the abdo-
men appears blackish or reddish brown, with well-marked whitish-
haired triangular spots on each segment, and with white-haired
posterior borders, widest at sides. Forehead wide with large club-
shaped callus. All the tibiae white. Length of type 174 mm.,
others 18—21I mm.

Face covered with light greyish tomentum and with rather
thick silvery white pubescence. Palfi yellow or light reddish with
white pubescence and some black hairs at apex, short, stout,
ending in a point. Beard silvery white. Antennae reddish brown
with distinct tooth, the first two joints with black pubescence, the
third joint long and slender. Forehead broad, short, rather more
than four times as long as it is wide, almost the same width
throughout, darker than the face with chiefly black pubescence,
the frontal callus red-brown, large, oblong, almost reaching the
eyes with a stout spindle-shaped extension. Thorax reddish brown
or blackish brown, with grey tomentum on dorsum and chiefly
black pubescence, stripes on well-preserved specimens distinct,
sides with black hairs, round root of wings tufts of white hairs.
Scutellum same as thorax, bordered with a short fringe of white
hairs. Abdomen reddish brown, often blackish brown, with white

rg1I.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of ‘Tabanus. 195

haired segmentations on a grey tomentose border, enlarged in the
middle as broad, triangular spots, and at the sides wider and more
distinct ; under side blackish with the sides broadly white haired.
Legs black, all tibiae with the exception of the apices pale yellow or
white, the pubescence on coxae, femora, pale part of tibiae white,
elsewhere black. Wings clear, stigma very pale yellow, veins
brown, all posterior cells widely open.

Tabanus oxyceratus, 2 , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 652 (1892). [A?ylotus.|

Type 2? from India.

In Brit. Mus. coll. females from Cheena Forest, Himalayas,
and N. Chin Hills, Burma.

In Indian Museum coll. from Mussoorie, India. A small
black species with grey segmentations and grey median spots on
the abdomen. Frontal callus large, protuberant, prolonged in a
short, very thick line ending in a point. Forehead wide. Legs
black, tibiae yellowish. Length of type 13 mm., others 11-123 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum and with whitish or yellowish
hairs. Palpi long, not very stout at base, ending in an obtuse
point, reddish yellow densely covered with black hairs. Antennae
dull reddish, darker at apex, the first two joints with black pubes-
cence, the second very small, the third wide at base with very
slight angle. Subcallus and forehead covered with brownish yellow
tomentum. forehead wide, slightly narrower anteriorly, about four
times as long as it is broad, the frontal callus blackish, not quite
reaching the eyes, the forehead with dark markings beyond the
apex of callus and on vertex. Thorax with two distinct grey
stripes, grey at the sides, breast with white pubescence. Scutellum
in well-preserved specimen with a grey tomentose posterior border
covered with white hairs. Abdomen short, the broad but short-
ened triangular grey-haired spots are present from 2—5 segments,
the segmentations reddish yellow but covered with grey hairs and
grey tomentum; under side with reddish yellow segmentations,
pubescence on dorsum of abdomen black Legs black, the tibiae
on basal two-thirds reddish yellow with whitish hairs on the lighter
part, the fore coxae and hind femora with white pubescence, else-
where it is black. Wangs hyaline, stigma yellow, veins reddish
yellow, appendix present.

In the two specimens from Burma the hairs on the segmenta-
tions are yellowish.

Tabanus orientis, ¢ , Walker.
(Pl. xiv, fig. 18.)
fast Dipts, 1,.p.'152- (2848).

Tabanus consocius, 2 , Walker, Dipt. Saund., i, p. 50 (1850).
Tabanus perlinea, 2 , Walker, l.c.

196 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

The type of Tabanus onentis is from Nepal, the types of
Tabanus consocius and perlinea from India, Saunders coll.

In Brit. Mus. coll. specimens from N. W. Province; Naini Tal
and Thandiani, Himalayas; N. India ; W. Bhutan.

In Indian Mus. coll. from Mussoorie, N. India, about 7,000
feet ; in Brunetti coll. from Naini Tal, Kumaon, 6—7,000 feet
(Lloyd); Minda, Nepal, and from Dongagali, Murree district, W.
Himalayas. It appears to be a Northern Indian species in distri-
bution.

A medium-sized species with almost clear wings and a reddish
yellow abdomen which, when not denuded, is clothed with yellowish
or whitish triangular median spots and segmentations. Forehead
moderately broad with a large callus, its linear extension almost the
same width as itself. Legs black, the tibiae yellowish. Eyes with
three bands. Length 15—17 mm.

Face covered with yellowish or greyish tomentum. Beard and
pubescence of face yellowish white. Palpi long, slender, only slightly
stouter at base, ending in a rather obtuse apex, with scanty black
pubescence and few white hairs below. Antennae red, often darker
at apex, the first two joints and the apex of tooth with black hairs.
Forehead slightly narrower anteriorly, about five times as long as
it is wide, covered with yellowish or white tomentum and with
some black pubescence, the frontal callus blackish or reddish
brown, oblong, not reaching the eyes, its linear extension quite two-
thirds its own width, though sometimes narrower at its lower end
where it joins the callus. Eyes with three bands.. Thorax black,
when undenuded covered with yellowish tomentum and_ with
appressed pale yellow hairs, the pubescence black, no stripes
visible ; the hairs at sides black: breast covered with yellowish
white tomentum and with white pubescence; scutellum same as
thorax. Abdomen reddish yellow on the three first segments with
the exception of a large black median spot on the second and third,
very distinct when insect is denuded, the fourth segment is very
largely the same colour but often blackish on its posterior border,
the remaining segments appear blackish but in the fresh insect the
posterior segments are widely yellow, on all the segments appear
yellow-haired triangular spots, and the segmentations are all yellow
tomentose with yellow pubescence, elsewhere on the dorsum the
pubescence is black, under side reddish yellow, only the extreme
apex black, with yellow short pubescence. In some specimens the
abdomen is darker with blackish markings on each segment, but
the large callus of forehead distinguishes the species without diffi-
culty. Legs black, the tibiae a rather transparent yellow, the fore
pair black at the apex, the femora with yellowish white tomentum
and pubescence, the tibiae and tarsi with chiefly black pubescence.
Wings usually clear, sometimes slightly tinged, usually without an
appendix. The eyes in life are described as greenish with three
Violet-green bands.

Tabanus orientalis, Wied., Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 145, from E.
India, must be very nearly allied to this species, but Wiedemann

tgtr.j G. Ricarpdo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 197

states the legs are ochre-brown, and calls the thorax yellowish with
broad reddish brown stripes. It may possibly be identical with
Tabanus consanguineus, Macquart, which has however yellowish
legs.

Tabanus fulvimedius, ¢ , Walker.

List Dipt., i, p. 152 (1848).

Tabanus melanopygatus, 2 , Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France,
p. 651 (1892). [Atylotus.]

Tabanus pagodinus, 2 , Bigot, /.c., p. 654 (1892). [Atylotus.]

The type of Tabanus fulvimedius is a 9 from Nepal (Hard-
wicke Bequest), in bad condition, in the description the locality
is given as doubtful: there is another @ in the Brit. Mus. coll. from
N. Chin Hill, Burma.

There is no doubt that both the Bigot species are identical,
though the frontal callus in pagodinus varies slightly, having a
narrower prolongation, described by Bigot as ‘‘ fortement retrecie au
milieu,’’ he also mentions another callosity on the vertex—which,
however, only appears owing to denudation—and the presence of
black pubescence. The three bands on the eyes are just dis-
cernible.

In Dr. Kertesz’s collection there is a long series of females
from Formosa, in very good preservation, with the pubescence on
the abdomen perfect.

The species is very nearly allied to Tabanus ortentis, Walker,
the only apparent difference being in the more widely black apex,
the last four segments being dark in this species. The wings are
tinged with brown.

A medium-sized reddish brown species, with a rather broad
forehead about six times as long as it is broad, only slightly narrower
at the vertex, with a large oblong callus prolonged as a thick linear
extension. Antennae red, palpi slender, reddish yellow with black
pubescence. Abdomen reddish brown on the first three segments,
black on the remaining ones with narrow yellow segmentations,
when undenuded with large greyish yellow haired more or less
triangular-shaped median spots on each segment, forming a con-
tinuous stripe. Legs black, the tibiae reddish yellow. Wings
usually with a short appendix and slightly tinged brown. Length
15-16 mm.

The series from Formosa have the abdomen blacker, often only
the first two segments being reddish yellow and not always entirely
so. ‘The wings are very distinctly tinged brown often without an
appendix.

Tabanus consanguineus, ¢ , Macq.

Dipt.exot.-1 (i), p. 127 (1838).

Black. Abdomen with three white stripes, the lateral ones
not reaching the apex. Legs red. Length 5$ lines.

198 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOLEV:

Palpi yellowish white, terminating in an acute point. Face and
forehead of a pale yellowish grey; the latter with an elongated
brown callus, continued as a rather wide band. Antennae; the
first two joints ferruginous; the third wanting. Thorax brown, with
whitish stripes and tomentum; sides ashy grey. Abdomen black;
a dorsal narrow stripe of a rather yellowish white, very distinct,
extends to the end of the sixth segment and is prolonged on the
seventh by a greyish line; a similar stripe on each side only
extends to the third segment, being faintly prolonged on the
fourth by an oblong little spot; lateral borders whitish ; under side
pale fawn with white tomentum. Legs with white tomentum.
Halteres ferruginous. Alulae and, wings clear; stigma yellow.

From the coast of Malabar. Collected by Mons. Dussumier.
Museum.

This species resembles Tabanus guinecensis, indicus, trilineatus,
lineola, occtdentalis, trivittatus, dorsiger, quinquevittatus, costalis,
obsoletus, but appears to us distinct from all. Macq., Dipt. exot.,
1 (Leper 27.

From the above description I concluded the species was the
same as Tabanus striatus, Fabr., but on seeing the type in the
Paris Museum I find it is not so, but is nearly related to Tabanus
orvientis, and fulvimedius, Walker, from which it seems only
distinguished by its smaller size, and the legs being wholly
yellow.

The type is in a dirty condition, labelled from Malabar.
Forehead broad, with the same shaped callus as in TYabanus
ovtentis, reddish brown, extending almost as a straight stripe to
the vertex. Palpi yellow, small and pointed. Thorax with grey
tomentum. Abdomen blackish with pale white-haired segmenta-
tions, red-yellow on the first two segments and on the sides of the
third; no stripes or spots now visible; under side pale yellowish.
Wings clear, veins and stigma yellow. Length 12 mm.

Comparing it with a specimen of Tabanus orientis from the Brit.
Mus. coll. it appeared similar allowing for denudation, with the
exception of the lighter coloured legs and smaller size, so that
for the present it seems best to keep it distinct from the Walker
species.

Tabanus orientalis, 7, Wiedemann.

Anal. Ent., 21, 8 (1824) ; 7d., Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 145 (1828).

Yellow; thorax with brown stripes; abdomen posteriorly
almost with bands, with a stripe of white spots. 6% lines; ~ from
East India.

Antennae rusty yellow. Face mouldy grey; palpi colour of
chamois-leather ; beard grey. Thorax yellowish with broad reddish
brown stripes, the median one broadest, cut short behind, divi-
ded longitudinally by a pale yellowish line; scutellum clear brown
with a paler border; pleurae chamois-leather-colour. (Wiedemann,
in Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 145, where he repeats this description,

1gtI.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the spectes of ‘Tabanus. 199

substitutes breast sides for pleurae.) Abdomen inclining to
rusty yellow; on the posterior segments the base is clear brown,
which appears as an indistinctly defined band; on the posterior
border of each segment a triangular spot appears, and the border
itself has whitish hairs. Wings more or less tinged yellowish, with
almost leather-vellow veins. Halteres yellowish. Legs ochre-
brown. Inthe Royal Museum. Wied., Anal. Entom., 21, 8.

Tabanus incultus, 2 , Van der Wulp.

Sumatra Exped. Dipt.; 17, 4, pl. i, fig. 8 (788).

Two females in Lebong, Sumatra, in May.

Brown. Antennae ferruginous. Abdomen with ochraceous
segmentations ; anterior legs black, tibiae at the base yellow. @.
Length 14-15 5 mm.

Face yellowish, with ashy grey tomentum, towards the borders
of the eyes lighter; forehead more rust-coloured ; frontal band
very narrow, gradually widening towards the vertex; the black
stripe lineal; pubescence of the face brownish. Beard tawny
yellow. Eyes naked, with fine network.

Antennae red-yellow, the first joint triangular, the second
above with a little bristle, the third at the base with a sharp tooth,
the apex of which is brown, the curved end of the joint black-
brown (see plate). Palpi grey-brown; proboscis black. Thorax
- and scutellum grey-brown with partly yellow, partly black-brown
pubescence, which is longer on the sides of the breast ; on the thorax
some traces of lighter stripes. Abdomen above black-brown, with
ochre yellow segmentations which are distinctly marked, especially
in the middle, by a short white pubescence; under side red-brown
with very broad yellow bands on the segments. Fore legs black,
the tibiae for wholly two-thirds at the base pale yellow ; middle legs
brown-yellow, the coxae and femora at their base blackish, the
tarsi with the exception of the base, black-brown; hind legs
black-brown with the knees besides the inner border and apex
of tibiae yellowish; the pubescence of legs pale and appressed,
except on the outer side of the hind tibiae where it is very dark
brown and upstanding. Halteres yellow. Wings tinged yellow-
grey, more brown-yellow along the fore border; the stripe-shaped
stigma tobacco-brown, the neuration normal. Although the above
specimens have too much conformity with each other, for me to
have the least doubt of their belonging to the same species, yet
I must refer to single differences. The description is taken from
the largest specimen; in the other the forehead and face are uni-
formly ochre-yellow, also the pubescence of the face, of the beard,
and of the segmentations of the abdomen, which are broadened
out in the middle into triangular spots; the under side is darker;
the hind tibiae are except at the apex wholly yellow, yet they have
nevertheless black-brown pubescence on the outsides. V. d. Wulp,
Sumatra Exped. Dipt., p. 17.

200 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor

Tabanus geniculatus, ° , Van der Wulp.

Sumatra Exped. Diptera, 16, 2, pl. i, figs. 7, 7a (1881).

From Lebong (Sumatra) in May.

Thorax dark ashy grey, substriated; abdomen brownish red,
the fore borders of segments brown; antennae and palpi brown:
legs black, knees reddish yellow. Length 21 mm.

Related to the former species (7abanus tmmanis, Wied.) but
somewhat larger and distinguished by the black legs, of which
alone the knees are red-vellow, by the darker borders of the
abdominal segments and by the darker beard. Frontal band
very narrow, posteriorly not wider, in the middle with a shining
black stripe-shaped line. Eyes naked, with very fine network,
forehead, face and cheeks with reddish grey tomentum ; face with
red coloured pubescence; beard black-brown. Antennae, proboscis
and palpi black-brown ; the antennae on the inner side with grey
tomentum, the first joint triangular, the second very short, above
with a bristle; the third with an acute tooth and in consequence
deeply indented. ‘Thorax and scutellum with dark ashy grey
tomentum ; the thorax with indistinct stripes, between which in
some lights appear pale brown-yellow stripes; breast sides dark
grey-brown; the fore breast and fore coxae with darker pubescence.
Abdomen brown-red, a little metallic, with dark brown fore borders
to the segments ; under side black-brown with reddish segmentations.
Legs black with red-yellow knees. Wings of a grey-brown tinge,
along the border distinctly yellow-brown, stigma as a brown
shadow at the end of the subcostal vein. V.d.Wulp, Sumatra
mMxped. Dipt., 16, 2, pl.1, fig.7.

GROUP X.

Forehead with one square, narrow or oblong callus, always
prolonged towards the vertex as a more or less narrow line, five to
ten times as long as it is broad. Species with the abdomen uni-
colorous or nearly so, sometimes darker at apex, but with no spots
or bands, large, medium-sized or small species.

The following species are not included in the table, being un-
known to me, but probably belong to this group.

Tabanus ardens, Wied. ; Macquart described the male, the type
of which is probably lost.

Tabanus laotianus, 2, and melanognathus, @, Bigot, the
latter described as having a yellow abdomen and black legs, the
former with legs greyish black, the tibiae greyish at base.

Tabanus ixion, 7 , Osten Sacken, from Philippines.

Tabanus fumipennis, Van der Wulp, must be nearly related to
labanus caerulescens, Macq.

Tabanus birmanicus, Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 653 (1892). [Aévylotus.]|

1g1t.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 201

Type the only specimen, a female, from Burma.

In Brit. Mus. coll. are females from Ningpoh, India
(H. M. Lefroy). In Kertesz coll. one from ITushai Hills, Burma ;
and another from Kuala Lumpur, Malay, London School Tropica!
Medicine coll.

A medium-sized dark brown species with lighter thorax, wings
tinged brown, legs black, with white tibiae and a narrow forehead.
Length of type 18 mm., others 16—19 mm.

Face covered with bright yellowish brown tomentum and with
brownish yellow hairs. Beard same colour as face. Awntennae
bright reddish, darker at apex, first two joints with black hairs, the
third long and slender and narrow, witha small tooth at base.
Palpi yellow with black pubescence, stout ending in an obtuse
point. Subcallus same colour as face. JLovehead a little darker,
with black pubescence, about seven times as long as it 1s narrow,
and a third narrower anteriorly, the frontal callus long, narrow, not
reaching the eyes with a linear extension, red-brown in colour.
Thorax covered with nearly the same coloured tomentum as the
face but slightly darker, and with short appressed fulvous hairs and
pubescence, shoulders and sides with black hairs; breast the same
colour, with black pubescence. Scutellum same as thorax. <A bdo-
men brown, yellowish brown on the sides of the first two segments,
with black pubescence and some yellow hairs, which appear chiefly
on the segmentations and as a median line which is, however, not
always to be discerned; under side dark brown with black pubes-
cence. Legs blackish, the knees yellowish brown, the fore tibiae to
their extreme apex, and the others wholly yellowish white, the fore
coxae covered with yellowish brown tomentum, the pubescence on
them, femora and tarsi black, on the tibiae white, some yellow hairs
on hind femora. Wings tinged yellowish brown, lighter on pos-
terior border.

Tabanus flavothorax, 9, n. sp.

Type and another female from Perak, Federated Malay States
(Pratt), London School Tropical Medicine coll. In Brit. Mus. coll
one female from Singapore (Ridley); one from Johore (Flower);
one from Sungie Krudda, Sungie Siput, Perak (Pratt): others
from Batu Tiga, Federated Malay States (Stanton coll.).

A species nearly allied to Tabanus birmanicus, Bigot, but at
once distinguished from it by the yellow middle and _ posterior
femora, rather narrower forehead, and by the darker brown wings,
with a distinctly marked clear apex ; in the Bigot species it becomes
merely paler on the posterior part of apex. Length 16 mm.

The forehead is quite eight times as long as it is narrow, and
barely half as wide anteriorly, the frontal callus very narrow,
reaching the eyes. Thorax more thickly covered with short yellow-
ish pubescence over the yellowish brown tomentum, so that the
dorsum appears yellower, the scutelluwm similar, no black pubescence
on the shoulders, hairs at sides yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown

202 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

with black pubescence, long and narrow like the Bigot species;
under side yellowish with a black median stripe, being densely
covered with yellowish pubescence. Legs as in Bigot species but
more largely yellow as specified above.

Wings tinged dark brown, on the fore border not reaching the
apex and extending almost as a band across the wing to posterior
border, becoming smoky brown in colour, costal border yellow,
stigma dark brown, veins brown.

Tabanus tinctothorax, 2 , n. sp.

Type ¢ and another female from Malay States, the type from
Bukit Katu, Selangor, 3,500 ft. (Robinson), and the other from
Kinta Valley, 5. Perak, Sept.-Oct. (Ridley).

A blackish species with the thorax and scutellum reddish
brown, covered with appressed red pubescence, under side of abdo-
men with white-haired segmentations. Wings pale brown, yellow-
ish on fore border and at base. Length 20 mm.

Face black, with brownish tomentum, pubescence in middle of
face brownish, on cheeks thick, black. Beard black. Palpi dull
reddish, appearing black by reason of the thick black pubescence.
Antennae dull black, the first two with thick black pubescence, the
third long, the last four divisions short, not a third of the length of
the whole joint, which is broad at base with a short tooth. Swub-
callus covered with yellowish brown tomentum. Forehead a little
darker with some black pubescence, about nine times as long as
it is broad, almost half as narrow again at the vertex; frontal
callus narrow, long, with a not very long linear extension, reddish
brown, shining, furrowed in the type only. ‘The thorax and scutei-
lum give the insect a distinctive appearance, some black hairs inter-
mixed with the appressed red pubescence, sides of thorax with long
black hairs; breast blackish brown with black pubescence. Abdo-
men oval, blackish brown with close black pubescence, in the
middle of the first segment some hairs similar to those on the
scutellum ; under side similar, but with narrow white-haired segmen-
tations on the second, third and fourth segments.

Legs black with black pubescence, femora and tibiae with some
yellowish brown tomentum, hind tarsi with red hairs below.
Wings with costal border, extreme base and stigma yellow, on
apical half and posterior border as far as anal cell tinged pale
brown, the basal and anal cell and axillary angle almost clear, veins
yellow, brown on apical half. Squamae pale brown. Halteres
vellow.

Tabanus nigrotectus, 2 , Bigot.

Nouv. Archives Mus. Hist. Nat. de Paris (3), ii, p. 204 (2890).
[Bellardia. |

Length 20 mm.

Antennae (incomplete) with first two joints reddish; face and
forehead of a reddish grey ; frontal callus and vertex black, the

I9g1t.] G. RricArDO: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 203

former lineal, very narrow, very slightly dilated below; beard short
and scanty, black, as are the palpi; the whole body dark black,
abdomen a little shining. Wings black, with a long appendix, the
first posterior cell closed with a long stalk. Eyes naked. One
specimen from Laos, Bigot, /.c., p. 204.

From Siam, not Island Laos as given in Kertesz Catalogue.
Not known to me. .

Tabanus caerulescens, ? , Macq.

Dipt-exot, ,1:(2)p. 132 (1838).

Black. Antennae testaceous. ‘Thorax with lateral testaceous
stripes. Abdomen bluish black. Legs black. Wings brown.
ienothromimes, <9) °~

Palpi and face black with scanty grey tomentum. Forehead
at the base transversely furrowed, reddish grey, then blackish with
a shining black spot club-shaped. Antennae brownish testaceous.
Thorax black, with scanty grey tomentum: a lateral dull testa-
ceous stripe above and in front of the wings. Abdomen black
with blue reflections. Legs black; anterior femora hairy above;
anterior and intermediate tibiae blackish brown, with scanty whit-
ish tomentum. Squamae and halteres brown. Wings brown,
less dark on the anterior border, the centre of the largest cells
hyaline. Neuration normal. From Java Museum, Macq., Dipt.
ExOce 7 in( Eh): 132:

Type in Paris Museum seen by me. A black species with the
wings tinged brown. Forehead very narrow anteriorly, a little wider
at the vertex, the frontal callus narrow, with linear extension.
Palpt stout, ending in a point with thick black pubescence. An-
tennae (incomplete) reddish. Thorax black, red on the basal part.
Abdomen black. Legs blackish, the posterior tibiae reddish.
Length 18 mm. No specimens of this species occur in the collec-
tions mentioned in this paper.

Tabanus tenebrosus, ? , Walker.

List Dipt., v, Suppl. i, pp. 242, 389 (1854).

Type @ from Kanara, Malabar, and another female with the
name on it but no locality.

Tabanus obscuratus, Walker, from Celebes is nearly related to
this species, but has a ‘onger narrower frontal callus, and the ab-
domen with no sign of the greyish blue tomentum

From Tabanus caerulescens, Macq., it may be distinguished
by the dull obscure colour of its abdomen, face not black, legs
with no white pubescence.

A dull reddish brown species with a narrow abdomen, narrow
forehead and frontal callus, blackish palpi; reddish yellow antennae
and blackish legs. Wings brown, paler on posterior border and
at extreme apex. Length 18 mm.

204 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE Ve

Face and subcallus covered with yellowish brown tomentum, the
former with rather long blackish brownish hairs in the middle and
on the cheeks. Beard blackish brown. Palfi appearing black
by reason of their very close black pubescence on yellowish brown
tomentum, the insides yellowish, stout, ending ina point. Antennae
reddish yellow, the first two joints with black pubescence, the
third with the apex in the other specimen blackish, in the type
partly broken off, the tooth at base acute, distinct. Forehead
about eight times as long as it is broad, and a third narrower
anteriorly, frontal callus dark brown, club-shaped, not reaching
eyes, with a lineal extension. Thorax (damaged) covered when
fresh probably with the same plum-coloured tomentum as abdo-
men, in the type it is discoloured, in the other blackish; shoulders
reddish, sides with black hairs. Scwtellum same colour as abdomen
which is an obscure reddish brown, covered with greyish blue or
plum-coloured tomentum, pubescence apparently black, under
side the same. Legs blackish, the tibiae in type dull reddish, in
the other female black, pubescence entirely black. Wangs brown,
upper half of submarginal cell clearer and posterior border, in
the other female many of the cells have clear middles or streaks.

Tabanus perakiensis, 9 , n. sp.

Type 2 from Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States, Stan-
ton coll., Ig09, and another female from Perak (Pratt), London
School Tropical Medicine coll.

A black species nearly allied to Tabanus inobservatus, a new
species from Sumatra, but distinct from it, having the face paler,
the beard largely white, the antennae reddish yellow, the palpi
paler, yellowish inside and on the outside yellowish but covered
with grey tomentum, and the black pubescence is thick. ‘Tibiae
dull reddish. Length 15 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum and with some short black
hairs. Beard whitish with some black hairs. Palpi obscurely
yellow, with some grey tomentum and with black pubescence,
slender, a little stouter at base, ending in a point, base of first
joint with long black hairs. Antennae reddish yellow, darker at
apex, the first two joints paler with black pubescence, the tooth
of third joint very small. Frontal triangle covered with reddish
brown tomentum. Forehead narrow, a little greyer, with some
black hairs, about eight times as long as it is broad and quite a
third narrower anteriorly, the frontal callus reddish brown, long
and narrow, not reaching the eyes, with a lineal prolongation.
Eyes apparently with two or more cross-bands. Thorax brownish
black, with some greyish tomentum and traces of appressed
pale hairs, pubescence black, scutellum same as thorax. Abdo-
men narrow, blackish or brownish black, with close-lying black
pubescence, sides with black hairs; under side black with grey
tomentum and white-haired segmentations. Legs blackish, the
femora with grey tomentum, the fore tibiae on basal half and

1gir.] G. Ricarpdo: Reviston of the species of Tabanus. 205

the other tibiae wholly reddish yellow, the pubescence on legs
black. Wings dark brown, paler on posterior border and at ex-
treme apex, the centres of cells somewhat paler, veins and stigma
blackish brown.

Tabanus inobservatus, 2 , n. sp.

Type @ and another from Kajoe-Tanan, Sumatra (Dr.
Hagen), in Brit. Mus. coll.

A dull blackish species. Antennae, palpiandlegs black. Wings
brownish. Forehead very narrow, distinguished from Tabanus
caerulescens, Macq., by its dull black not blue-black colour and
its wholly black colouring, from Tabanus obscuvatus, Wlk., from
Ceram by its dark wings, and the forehead is narrower anteriorly.
The thorax also is black, not reddish brown as in the Walker
species which has reddish antennae. Length 16} mm.

Face blackish with some yellowish tomentum, its pubescence
and beard brownish black. Palfi blackish, on inner border
reddish yellow, with black pubescence, fairly stout ending in a
point. Antennae blackish, the first two joints with black pubes-
cence, the third slender with some grey tomentum, the tooth
small. Subcallus covered with yellowish brown tomentum.
Forehead nearly ten times as long as it is broad, anteriorly about
half as broad as it is at the vertex, blackish with a little yellow-
brown tomentum and some black hairs; frontal callus reddish
brown, shining, long, narrow, almost reaching the eyes with a long
lineal extension. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen brownish black,
the former with a few golden brown hairs scattered over dorsum,
pubescence otherwise black as it is on the abdomen and breast;
abdomen conical in shape; under side similar to the dorsum. Legs
black with black pubescence, the tibiae with some greyish tomen
tum. Wangs deeply tinged with brown, paler at extreme apex
and on the posterior border, where however all the veins are
shaded, the discal cell paler in the centre ; rudiment of an appen-
dix in the type, none on the other female, veins brownish black,
stigma black, all posterior cells widely open.

Tabanus fulvissimus, 2 , Rondaui.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 458 (1875).

Length 20 mm. _ From Borneo.

Body fulvous-reddish, unicoloured. Forehead brown fulvous,
with the linear-shaped callus reddish, shining ; face paler. Antennae
and palpi red.

Thorax on dorsum reddish brown, the pleurae and breast
fulvous haired. Abdomen on dorsum with the posterior borders
of segments margined with short fulvous hairs; the ventral seg-
ments at the base obscurely red, with the apices more or less
paler. Wings pale brown-yellow, base and costal border fulvous.
Calyptera brown-red. Halteres reddish with the knob paler. Legs

206 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL. 2V.

ferruginous, the coxae reddish yellow, the tarsi pitchy black.
Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 458.

Type seen in the Museum at Genoa. Only the one specimen,
from which I made the following notes :—

A very large broad-bodied species. Abdomen reddish yellow,
very broad. Antennae yellow. Legs reddish brown. Wings
large, hyaline, tinged yellow. Length 22 mm.

Face covered with yellowish grey tomentum and a few
scattered grey hairs. Palpi reddish yellow, long, and a little
stout at base ending in a long point, with black hairs, darker at
the extreme apex. Antennae the same colour, darker at apex,
the first two joints with black hairs, the third with a distinct
tooth. Forehead the same width throughout, about six times
as long as it is broad, the frontal callus mahogany-coloured,
oblong with a linear extension, not touching the eyes, the fore-
head and subcallus are covered with yellow-brown tomentum,
some black hairs on the former. Thorax and scutellum the same
colour as the abdomen with some grey tomentum, most noticeable
on the anterior part of thorax. Abdomen with narrow yellow-
haired segmentations; on the under side these are wider and
whiter and the red-yellow colour is darker. Legs uniform reddish
brown, the pubescence black.

Four specimens sent me by Dr. Kertesz for identification
from Borneo and Sumatra, agree with these descriptions with the
exception of the wings which appear more brown than yellow,
but the specimens are faded and dirty; and the palpi have yellow
hairs.

Tabanus univentris, 9 , Walker.

List Dipt., i} p.. 15" (@848)s7d.5-Proc, Winns.soc., Wondonu. ar
p. 9 (1857).

Tabanus dives, in parte, 8 , Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,

ii, p. 457 (1875).

Type @ from Borneo. (Presented by the Admiralty.)

In the Proceedings Linn. Soc. Walker refers to two varieties
of the species from Mt. Ophir, Malaysia, which are not to be found
in the Brit. Mus. coll.

A large species easily recognised by the uniform yellow abdo-
men, the colour of Tabanus par, Wik., the small African species.
Length 20 mm.

The Rondani type measures 22 mm.

Face with yellowish grey tomentum and hairs. Palpz large,
stout, ending in a point, yellow with black pubescence, some yellow
hairs at base. Forehead and subcallus with yellowish tomentum
and some black hairs on the former, which is narrow, about eight
times as long as it is broad, only slightly narrower anterior.y ;
frontal callus red-brown, oblong, with a linear extension. Antennae
with the first two joints reddish with black hairs, the third blackish
with a prominent tooth. Thorax brownish but covered with dense

1gti.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 207

yellowish grey tomentum, and with two very indistinct grey stripes.
Under side of abdomen yellow with blackish median stripe. Legs
yellowish red, femora reddish brown, covered on the under side
with dense yellow-grey tomentum, and chiefly whitish pubescence,
the apices of tibiae, and tarsi reddish brown, some white hairs
on the tibiae, otherwise the pubescence on tibiae and tarsi is black.
Wings hyaline, tinged faintly with yellow, stigma yellow, veins
yellow-brown. In Walker’s type the abdomen has segmentations
and a faint median stripe, paler.

Rondani labelled two specimens (females) from Sarawak as
Tabanus dives, but on examining these specimens it was clearly
evident they belonged to two different species, the one measuring
22 mm. with a uniformly coloured yellowish abdomen marked with
no spots is identical with Tabanus univentris, Wlk. ‘The des-
cription was evidently drawn up from an examination of both
specimens. The smaller specimen is probably nearly allied to or
identical with Tabanus stanton, see page 174.

Tabanus flavissimus, 2 , n. sp.

Type @ from Pundaluoya, Ceylon (Green), and another ?
likewise from Ceylon.

A large bright yellow-bodied species nearly allied to Tabanus
fulvissimus, Rondani, but distinguished from it by the narrower
forehead, not parallel, and by the smaller narrower frontal callus.
It is a larger species than Tabanus univentris, Walker, to which
it is related in the shape of the forehead and frontal callus, but
has wholly yellow legs and antennae, and the thorax is yellowish.
Length of type 24 mm., the other is 20 mm.

Face, palpi, antennae, forehead, whole body, and legs uniformly
fulvous, the colour of Tabanus par, Wik., a South African species.
Abdomen a brighter yellow. The pubescence of palpi black, they
are long, rather slender, ending in a point. Beard brownish yellow,
long. Antennae long and slender, the third joint narrow at base with
hardly any tooth, its apex with some hairs, the first two joints
with yellow pubescence. Jfovehead about seven times as long as
it is broad, and barely a third narrower anteriorly, the frontal
callus yellow, narrow, not reaching the eyes, with a lineal exten-
sion. Thorax (denuded) with whitish yellow hairs at sides and some
white pubescence. Abdomen with yellow pubescence, thicker on
the apical half; under side similar. Legs with chiefly short black
pubescence. Wings vellow on costal border, tinged narrowly yellow
on all the longitudinal veins, appendix present, stigma yellow,
veins yellow.

Tabanus pauper, Rondani.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 456 (1875).

Length 20 mm.

@. Dull brown; the forehead subluteous, the linear callus
pitchy red. Antennae brown-red, the apex, and the first two joints

208 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL LV

partly, blackish. Head above and below white with white pubes-
cence; palpi pale with very short black hairs. Thorax and scutel-
lum subcoriaceous, with brown stripes; pleurae and breast greyish.
Abdomen dull brown, with a dorsal intermediate series of whitish
spots, but obsolete; the segmentations with short pale yellow hairs,
on the under side with more distinct white hairs. Wings palely
brownish, the veins bordered brown yellowish, the costal border
browner, the stigma ferruginous. Legs, the anterior femora black,
the anterior tibiae at the base widely reddish; posterior femora
pitchy black, the tibiae red, the anterior tarsi wholly black, the
posterior ones reddish at the base. MHalteres reddish, with the
club pale subluteous. Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 456.

Type @ seen in the Museum at Genoa. This large reddish
brown species, length 23 mm., from Sarawak, is nearly allied to
Tabanus stantoni, n. sp., but is distinguished from it by the absence
of any median spots on the abdomen (the type is not in very
good condition, but does not appear much denuded) which appears
reddish brown, from the third segment onwards it is covered with
yellowish brown tomentum, and with some short yellow pubes-
cence, under side the same but with black pubescence. Thorax
reddish brown covered with the same tomentum, and some greyish
tomentum on the shoulders, the pubescence appears to have been
chiefly black, the scutellum reddish with tomentum yellowish
brown. Wangs hyaline, tinged pale yellowish brown along all the
longitudinal veins, no appendix, veins yellow. Face with grey
tomentum and white hairs. Palpi pale yellow, long, slightly
stout at base, ending in an obtuse point. Jovehead narrow and
about seven times as long as it is wide, and two-thirds narrower
anteriorly, the frontal callus pear-shaped with a rather short
linear extension. Antennae reddish, duskier at the tips, with a
prominent tooth, pubescence black on the first two joints.

No specimens of this species are in any of the collections
mentioned in this paper.

Tabanus leucohirtus, 2 , Ricardo.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), iii, p. 488 (19009).

Type @ and two other females from Kanara, Bombay, in
Howlett coll.

A medium-sized dull reddish brown species, not unlike
Tabanus fumifer, Walker, in appearance, but distinguished from
it by the absence of spots on the abdomen and by the dark beard
and hairs on face. Wings tinged with brown. Legs blackish
brown, tibiae obscurely red. Length 20—22 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum, pubescence brown, but
some white hairs are visible on sides of face, beard is similar but
very scanty. Palpi dull reddish, thickly covered with black
hairs, large, stout ending in an obtuse point. Subcallus, fore-
head and sides of cheeks covered with yellowish brown tomentum.
Antennae bright reddish, the apex black, and the first two joints with

Igtr] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus, 209

black pubescence, the third joint long, slender, the tooth near the
base distinct, crowned with a few black hairs. Forehead narrow,
about seven times as long as it is narrow, very slightly narrower
anteriorly, the frontal callus dark reddish brown, narrow, oblong,
not reaching the eyes, prolonged as a narrow raised line towards the
vertex, hairs on forehead black. Thorax brown with yellowish brown
tomentum and scattered black pubescence, a few appressed pale
yellow hairs are visible, chiefly on the anterior half of dorsum
and at sides. Scutellum similar. Abdomen dull reddish, appearing
darker owing to the close short black pubescence, segmentations
obscurely yellowish or lighter, a few white hairs at the sides of abdo-
men; under side brown, but with grey tomentum on the sides
and the segmentations, which latter are wider and more distinct,
the pubescence black. Legs with black pubescence, but the fore
coxae with long white pubescence, the fore tibiae reddish at base,
the others reddish brown. Wings with brown veins and stigma,
tinged with brown on the fore border becoming paler on the
posterior border.

Tabanus atrohirtus, ? , n. sp.

In Brit. Mus. coll.

Type ¢ and three other females from Ceylon (Yerbury coll.).

This species is very nearly related to Tabanus leucohirtus, n. sp.,
but appears a distinct species differing in the following particulars.

The face is covered with yellow-brown tomentum similar to the
forehead and subcallus. The beard is wholly brown and thicker,
and no white hairs visible on the face. The forehead narrower,
being about ten times as long as it is narrow, and narrower
anteriorly, the frontal callus longer and narrower.

The thorax is more thickly covered with the short appressed
yellow hairs, as is the scutellum. The abdomen appears darker, in
the type almost black, owing to the thicker short black pubes-
cence lying all over the dorsum, in the other specimens this pubes-
cence is not quite so thick and shows the red-brown ground
colour of the abdomen, the same colour as 7abanus leucohirtus ;
under side has no light tomentum or pubescence but is similar to
the dorsum. ‘The fore coxae have black pubescence. [Length
18—20 mm.

Tabanus pallidepectoratus, 2 , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 658 (1892). [Atvlotus.|

Type female from Saigon, Cochin China.

No other specimens of this species identified in the collections
mentioned in this paper.

Type in fairly good preservation is a robust reddish yellow fly,
with a very narrow forehead and frontal callus, reddish antennae,
yellow palpi, black legs, only the tibiae whitish at the base, and
clear wings tinged yellowish brown. Length Ig mm.

It is nearly allied to Tabanus jotdus, Bigot, from Assam, but

210 Records of the Indian Museum. [Worstvs

is distinguished from it by the narrower, longer frontal callus, and
narrower forehead, by the broader base of third antennal joint,
and wings less deeply tinged. The tibiae are less widely whitish at
base. The abdomen is broader and shorter with no golden yellow
pubescence on the segmentations, only a little appears at the sides
of the segments. The thorax is a little lighter in colour.

Face covered with greyish tomentum which becomes yellowish
brown on the upper parts of cheeks, on subcallus and forehead,
pubescence on face of white hairs, with darker ones on the cheeks.
Beard white. Palpi yellow with thick black pubescence, large,
stout, ending in an obtuse point. Awtennae long, slender, the first
two joints pale yellow with thick black pubescence, the first joint
with the upper angle produced, the third joint reddish with a
small tooth, dusky at its extreme apex. Forehead about ten times
as long as it is broad, and a third narrower anteriorly, the frontal
callus reddish brown, long, narrow, not reaching the eyes, with a
rather thick lineal extension. Thorax brown covered with yellow-
ish brown tomentum, denuded, pubescence remaining is chiefly
yellowish, on shoulders and at sides chiefly black ; breast covered
with greyish tomentum. Scuteliwm similar to thorax. Abdomen
fulvous, a little browner on the anterior borders of third, fourth
and fifth, and almost wholly blackish brown on the last two seg-
ments, pubescence short, golden yellow, scanty, thickest on the
segmentations, black on “the last two segments ; under side darker,
reddish brown with paler under segmentations, appearing banded on
anterior segments, at apex ane dark, pubescence golden yellow
only on segmentations, black elsewhere. Legs black, knees and basal
third of all the tibiae whitish with some yellow hairs, fore coxae with
pale hairs, elsewhere the pubescence is black. Wengs tinged yellow-
brown on fore border, veins and stigma yellow.

Tabanus nigropictus, @ , Macquart.

Dipt. exot., Suppl. v, p. 44 (18535).

Testaceous (denuded). Thorax with black stripes, breast
black. Wings hyaline, the veins margined with brown. Length 8
lines, @. Palpi yellow, long. Beard yellowish. Face and fore-
head testaceous, frontal callus the same colour, prolonged in a line.
Antennae; the first two joints testaceous, the third missing. Eyes
naked. Thorax (denuded) testaceous with three wide black
stripes ; sides with traces of yellowish tomentum; breast black.
Scutellum testaceous. Abdomen (denuded) testaceous ; under side
testaceous with the segmentations less dark, those of the fifth and
sixth segments yellow. Legs testaceous, the last two joints of the
tarsi brown. Wings brownish on the outer border, veins normal,
bordered brownish, stigma reddish brown. From India. M. Bigot.
Macquart, Dipt. exot. , suppl. v, p. 44.

This type is much denuded as stated by Macquart, no other
specimens yet met with by me. The species is distinguished by
the uniform colour of the abdomen, which is however darker at

rgti.] G. RicARDO: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 211

the apex, and /egs, and by the long narrow palpi only slightly
stouter at the base with a long obtuse point. Forehead almost
parallel but anteriorly a little broader, about six times as long as it
is broad, the frontal callus large, oblong, not reaching the eyes,
yellow, shining, with a long lineal extension. Breast only black
below legs, is probably reddish in fresh specimens and the same
may be said of the thorax. Abdomen with short black pubescence
on the dorsum. Legs with some white pubescence on the fore
coxae and on the femora, otherwise black. Wzngs with all the veins
tinged with a brown border, veins and stigma yellow. Tength
18 mm.

Tabanus joidus, 2 , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 657 (1892). [Atvylotus.|

Type @ from India and another female from Sibsagar, Assam,
this is the second specimen included in the original description.

In Indian Museum coll. females with no locality specified,
with the exception of one labelled Sibsagar ; two have MS. names in
Bigot’s handwriting.

A narrow-bodied species with a reddish brown abdomen and a
darker apex, sometimes the third and fourth segments are darker.
Wings deeply tinged yellowish brown, paler on posterior border.
Legs black, tibiae white. Forehead narrow with an oblong narrow
callus. Antennae slender, reddish. Length of type 174 mm., others
from 16—20 mim.

Face reddish brown with brownish yellow tomentum, pubes-
cence appears brownish. Beard brown or yellowish brown. Palpi
yellow with thick black pubescence, stout ending in a_ point.
Antennae pale red, the first two joints yellowish red with black
pubescence, the third joint longer, slender, not very wide at base,
with a distinct but small tooth. Forehead about six times as long
as it is broad, and a third narrower anteriorly , covered with brown-
ish yellow tomentum and some black pubescence, the frontal callus
yellowish brown, narrow, oblong, furrowed in the middle, not
reaching the eyes, with a lineal extension. Thorax brown with
some short yellow or reddish yellow pubescence and greyish yellow
tomentum, shoulders with long brownish hairs ; breast covered with
greyish yellow tomentum and with yellow hairs ; scutellum same as
thorax. Abdomen long and narrow, reddish brown, the last three
segments in type black, segmentations fringed with golden vellow
hairs, on the black part they only appear in the middle, pubescence
on apex, and elsewhere black, but in one specimen it is almost
entirely golden yellow on the ante ior segments, on one specimen
the blackish colour extends on to the third and fourth segments :
under side reddish brown with black bands commencing from the
second segment and lighter segmentations, the extreme apex
wholly black, pubescence black. Legs blackish, the coxae covered
with greyish yellow tomentum, the fore pair with long vellow
hairs at base, and at apex with shorter black ones, femora with
black pubescence, the fore tibiae pale yellowish on their basal half

212 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

with white hairs, the others also pale yellow at base with white
hairs extending only a third of length, then becoming a rusty dirty
yellowish with thick short black pubescence ; in the specimens in
Kertesz coll. the bases of tibiae are same colour as the rest, with no
white hairs, all the tarsi blackish. Wangs with no appendix, veins
vellowish brown, first posterior cell not narrowed at opening.

Tabanus siamensis, ° , n. sp.

Type 2 and another from Siam, June 1906 (W. Palmer). Re-
ceived from T. R. Bell, Bombay, per H. E. Andrews, in Brit.
Mus. coll.

A species allied to Tabanus joidus, Bigot, but distinguished
from it by the shining black thorax, and reddish yellow abdomen
with black apex, the under side identical. In shape of forehead
and frontal callus, colour of antennae, palpi and legs and of wings
it is very similar to the Bigot species. From Tabanus laotianus,
Bigot, from Siam, it will differ in the colour of thorax, abdomen
and legs. Length 17} mm., the other female 16 mm.

Face, subcallus and forehead covered with yellowish tomen-
tum, the former with some yellow hairs, and a few brown ones on
the cheeks. Beard scanty, brownish. Palpi pale yellow with
black hairs, some yellow ones towards the apex, stout, ending in an
obtuse point. Antennae reddish yellow, the first two joints paler
with black pubescence, the third one broader at base than in
Tabanus joidus, with a distinct but small tooth. Forehead about
seven times longer than it is broad and a third narrower anteriorly ;
frontal callus oblong, not reaching the eyes with a long linear ex-
tension, reddish brown, a large spot of the same colour on the ver-
tex, probably owing to denudation. Thorax shining black, with
traces of yellowish brown tomentum anteriorly and at the sides,
and on the dorsum as stripes, shoulders reddish and breast black,
both with the same coloured tomentum. Scwutellum similar to
thorax. Abdomen reddish yellow, somewhat shining, the fifth
partly. and the last two segments wholly, black, dorsum devoid of
pubescence ; under side identical but the black segments fifth and
sixth have distinct yellowish segmentations, hardly visible above,
some yellow and black pubescence on the under side. Legs black,
the tibiae reddish yellow on their basal half, pubescence black, the
coxae covered with the yellow-brown tomentum. Wangs tinged
brown, yellowish on the fore border, stigma vellowish brown, veins
brown.

Tabanus palpalis, 2 , Ricardo.
(Pie xiv) figs: 21971203)

Tabanus angustus, 2, Bigot (nomen bis lectum), Mem. Soc.
Zool. France, v, p. 652 (1892). [Atylotus.]

Type @ and another female from India, in the description
one specimen only is mentioned.

IgiI.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 213

The name is preoccupied by a Macquart species from 5S.
America.

A small narrow-bodied species, of which no specimens are pres-
ent in the various collections dealt with in this paper, the type
and other specimen are both ina faded dirty condition, but the
species seems distinguished from any I have yet seen by its very
narrow hairy palpi; the frontal callus is club-shaped with a short
rather stout lineal extension; Bigot gives the colour of the abdo-
men as light chestnut with a yellowish tomentum, which appears
fairly correct. Legs uniformly dull yellow. Wings tinged yellow.

Length of female specimen 13 mm., the type has the abdomen
broken off and gummed on to the label, it appears about the same
length.

Face covered with grey tomentum which becomes on the upper
part on cheeks near the eyes, and on subcallus yellowish brown,
cheeks with some brown hairs. Beard brownish with some yellow
hairs. Palpi narrow, almost the same width throughout, dull
yellow, the first joint with long brownish hairs, which continue not
quite so long on the lower border of second joint, which above is
covered with the usual short black pubescence. Antennae reddish
yellow, the first two joints with black pubescence, the third narrow
but with a very prominent short tooth, at apex it is dusky in
colour with hairs at the joints, apex of tooth also with a few black
hairs. Forehead about five times as long as it is broad, and
slightly narrower anteriorly, the frontal cailus reddish brown, pear-
shaped, with a short linea! extension, not reaching the eyes.
Thorax brownish. Abdomen apparently chestnut-brown the segmen-
tations lighter with traces of golden yellow hairs, which are distinct
on the sides and scattered on the dorsum; under side the same.
Legs chestnut-brown, the tibiae yellowish, fore coxae covered with
grey tomentum and with pale hairs, femora with some long soit
pale hairs, pubescence otherwise black.

Tabanus fiaviventris, ¢ , Bigot.
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 657 (1892).

Type ¢ and two others from Sibsagar, Assam.

In the description India only is mentioned, but the specimens
are all labelled with the locality ; the fourth specimen included by
Bigot under this species does not belong to it but is a new species
now named Tabanus diversifrons.

In Indian Museum coll. other females evidently of the
original typical series from Sibsagar. In Brit. Mus. coll one male
and two females from Ceylon (Yerbury), one of the females is
marked as ‘‘ not common.’’ None of the specimens are in very
good condition.

A small yellow species easily recognised by its yellow abdomen,
legs and antennae, clear wings and parallel forehead with a small
indistinct yellow frontal callus. Length type 13 mm: others
II—1I4 mm.

214 Records of the Indian Museum. L ViOx 7 2EN,

9. Face covered with yellowish tomentum and with some yel-
lowish hairs. Beard pale yellow. Palfi pale yellow with sparse
black pubescence and some longer yellow hairs below, stout, swollen,
tapering suddenly to a slender point, so that the upper side is
curved, the lower side straight. Antennae slender, reddish yellow, the
first two joints paler, with a few yellow hairs, the tooth of third joint
distinct. Forehead parallel, about six times as long as it is broad,
same colour as face, the frontal callus small, not reaching eyes, yellow,
shining, often very indistinct, with usually no linear extension
visible. Thorax covered with greyish yellow tomentum and with
fulvous appressed hairs, sides with yellowish hairs. Scutellum
similar. Abdomen yellow, slightly darker at extreme apex, pubescence
fulvous, and fairly thick, in well-preserved specimens ; under side
similar. Legs wholly yellow, apices of tarsal joints a little
browner, pubescence chiefly yellow. Wungs hyaline, veins and
stigma yellow, appendix usually present.

@. Similar, but the small facets of eye do not reach the vertex.

There are males and females in the Indian Museum coll. from
Calcutta and Tenasserim with the apices of fore tibiae, the fore tarsi
wholly and the others partly brown, which may perhaps justify their
being divided from this species, but the material is too poor for
decision on this point at present.

Tabanus diversifrons, 2 | n. sp.

Dy
[Atylotus flaviventris, Bigot, in parte.|
Type @ and seven others from Shillong, Assam (H. M. Lefroy,

Entomologist to Govt. of India), in Brit. Mus. coll. and Howlett

coll., three females from North Khasi Hills, Lower Ranges (Chennell

coll.), one female from N. Khasi Hills, in Bigot coil., which was
placed under Tabanus flaviventyis, Bigot, and others from Buxar

Duars, Bengal and Sylhet, Assam.

A species very nearly allied to Tabanus fuscicauda, Bigot, but
distinguished from it by the broader forehead nearly parallel, by
the larger frontal callus, by the third joint of antennae being bright
reddish yellow, black at apex, and rather wider at the base, by the
more slender palpi and by the rather lighter coloured abdomen.
Length 11-—1I5 mm.

Face with hardly any brown hairs above. Pa/lpi vellow with
black pubescence, only slightly stouter at base. Antennae: the first
two joints yellow with black hairs. The subcallus in some specimens
is almost bare owing to denudation. Forehead about six times as
long as it is narrow, almost parallel, the frontal callus reddish brown,
darker posteriorly and on linear extension, callus not reaching the
eyes but oblong or pear-shaped with a rather stout linear extension.
Thorax blackish with fewer appressed fulvous hairs, and the shoulders
are not reddish. Abdomen reddish yellow, darker at apex, the
black pubescence on dorsum not so thick, some grey tomentum on
dorsum, segmentations narrowly paler with some yellow hairs;
under side is similar. Legs black, tidiae reddish, fore tibiae black at
apex. Wungs very slightly tinged brown.

rorl.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 215

It is distinguished from Tabanus subcinerascens, n. sp., by the
reddish yellow abdomen with black apex, and no grey tomentum,
and by the antennae being black at apex.

Tabanus subcinerascens, ? , n. sp.
(Pl xiv. dig; 21)

In Brit. Mus. coll.

Type and three other females from N. Chin Hills, Burma
(Watson), 1894.

This species is very nearly related to Tabanus cinerascens , Bigot,
but appears a distinct species, shape of the antennae, forehead and
frontal callus being different.

The third joint of the antennae is wider at the base and the
whole joint shorter, the falpi a little stouter. The forehead is
broader, almost the same width throughout, barely six times as long
as it is broad, the frontal callus is larger, practically reaching the
eyes, and is prolonged as a thick spindle-shaped line, reddish brown
in colour.

Thorax and scutellum reddish brown with black pubescence and
some yellowish white hairs. Abdomen more uniformly reddish
brown, a pale median stripe appears in some lights formed of greyish
tomentum with a few scattered yellow hairs which also appear on the
segmentations, sometimes forming a narrow fringe chiefly on the
apical segments. Legs reddish yellow, femora frequently darker.
Length 12-13 mm.

Tabanus obconicus, Walker.

Dipt. Saund., i, p. 54 (1850).

Type o from Central India.

One female from India (Wroughton) in Brit. Mus. coll. One
female from Bombay and one from Belgatchia, Bengal, in Howlett
coll. @. A-specimen with a yellowish brown conical abdomen,
posterior borders of segments covered with grey tomentum, which
in the middle reaches the anterior border of segment on the
third and fourth segments at least, so that the anterior yellowish
brown part of segment has a zig-zag posterior border, the last two
segments blackish, the pubescence on dorsum black, longer at the
apex, and on sides black ; under side yellowish brown covered with
grey tomentum, and with scanty black pubescence. The /egs are
reddish brown, the middle and posterior tibiae more yellowish brown,
the fore coxae with grey tomentum and whitish pubescence. The
thorax is reddish brown. ‘The wings hyaline tinged brown on ‘the
veins, the cross-veins included. The eyes have the large facets on the
upper part, reaching just beyond the beginning of the frontal
triangle, and small ones occupy the lower portion, attaining the
vertex as a narrow border. ‘The antennac are yellowish on the
first two joints with black hairs, the third joint is wholly of an obscure
black (whether this is owing to the bad state of preservation of the

216 Records of the Indian Muscum. [VoL. IV,

specimen, or is peculiar to it, is doubtful), tooth distinct but small,
Face appears yellowish with chiefly yellow pubescence. ‘The
palpi the same colour. Length 15 mm.

@. Similar. Face with grey tomentum and white hairs, the
subcallus and forehead with similar tomentum. Palpi yellow,
stout at base, ending in a point. Forehead almost parallel, about
five times as long as it is broad. Frontal callus large, oblong, not
reaching the eyes, reddish brown with almost a spindle-shaped
extension. Antennae wholly yellow. Thorax with some white
hairs anteriorly and at the sides, otherwise the pubescence is black
on dorsum and on shoulders ; breast with grey tomentum and white
hairs. Abdomen in like manner has some white hairs on dorsum and
at sides, the pubescence otherwise black as in @. Legs blacker,
the fore tibiae at base obscurely yellow, the middle and posterior
tibiae yellowish.

Tabanus borniensis, 2 , Ricardo.

Tabanus apicalis, 9 , Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii»
Pp. 459 (1875). Name preoccupied by a species from Brazil des-
cribed by Wiedemann in 1828.

In Brit. Mus. coll. one female from Sarawak. (Purchased Stevens
1857.)

Length 12 mm. ¢. Body fulvous, with the apex of the
abdomen blackish. Antennae widely red. Palpireddish. Forehead
between the eyes dull brown, the lineal callus pitchy black, the
exterior part behind the antennae fulvous. Head before and below
pale grey yellowish and pale haired. Thorax with scutellum brown
reddish, pleurae and breast grey yellowish. Abdomen with the
three basal segments above and below fulvous, the two following
especially at the base, streaked with black ; the two apical ones
black-brown and brown haired; the preceding ones posteriorly
shortly ciliated with pale yellow hairs. Wings subhyaline, the
costal border brown yellowish, towards the apex brownish. Legs:
the anterior pair dull piceous, the posterior ones yellowish red, all
the tarsi blackish brown. Calyptera blackish. MHalteres red, the
club pale vellowish, its apex paler. Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, vii, p. 459.

Type @ seen by me in the Museum at Genoa. A small species
from Sarawak, with a pale yellow abdomen, apically darker. An-
tennae yellow with hardly any tooth. Legs yellowish. Wings
clear. Length 12 mm.

Face yellowish grey with scattered white hairs. Palpi yellow
with black pubescence, slender. Antennae wholly yellow with
yellow hairs on the first two joints. Forehead narrow, about eight
times as long as itis broad, and nearly two-thirds narrower anteriorly,
apparently dark coloured, with the frontal callus narrow not reaching
the eyes, brownish, the lineal extension short, some yellow hairs
onthe vertex. Eyes bronze-coloured, spotted black. Thorax yellow-
ish somewhat shining, with grey tomentum, the scufellum yellowish,
shining. Abdomen transparent yellow on the first three segments,

rg1t.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 257

the remaining segments blackish and reddish brown, with thick
vellow ‘haired segmentations on third, fourth and fifth segment ,
less distinct on the second, the fifth is almost covered with yellow
pubescence, the sixth and seventh with almost wholly black pubes-
cence ; under side similar, the segmentations lighter coloured with no
pubescence. Legs yellow, fore pair and all tarsi reddish brown.
Wings slightly tinged vellow on the fore border and apex; veins
and stigma yellow.

The specimen in Brit. Mus. coll. has a few black hairs on the
first joints of antennae. Beard scanty, pale yellow. Forehead
one-third narrower anteriorly, brown, covered with grey tomentum,
the lineal extension of callus reaches more than half way to the
vertex, which is reddish brown. Sides of thorax with yellowish
white hairs. Legs vellow, the fore femora reddish brown, the poste-
rior ones paler.

Another specimen from Sarawak has a label in Walker’s hand-
writing ‘‘ hybridus’’ but I believe it to be aspecimen of this species ;
the fore femora and tibiae are wholly vellow.

Tabanus fuscicauda, 2 , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 658 (1892). [Atylotus. |
? Tabanus andamanicus,@ , Bigot, /.c., p. 668. [Atylotus.|

Type @ from Ceylon ; and 3 other females from Pundaluoya
Ceylon (Green); and another from Peradeniya, Ceylon (Green) ;
others from Kajoe-Tanau, Sumatra, June 1907 (Dr. Hagen).

This species described by Bigot from a single specimen is a
reddish brown medium-sized species with clear wings, blackish,
legs and tibiae yellowish, with a very narrow forehead and long
narrow frontal callus. Abdomen with no spots except an indistinct
black median mark on the second segment, the segmentations
narrowly paler. Length of type 15 mm., others from 14-15 mm.

This species might possibly be confounded with small speci-
mens of Tabanus fumifer, Wlk., but may be distinguished by the
absence of any median pale spots on abdomen, by the lighter reddish
yellow tibiae and by the paler segmentations of abdomen with white
or yellow hairs.

Face covered with grey tomentum, on cheeks and near antennae
with yellowish brown tomentum, pubescence white. Beard white.
A few brown hairs are present on the upper part of face and at sides
of antennae. Palpi stout, ending in a fairly long point, yellow with
black pubescence, a few white hairs visible at the base. An-
tennae dull red, duskier at the apex, the first two joints and apex
of tooth which is distinct, with black hairs. Subcallus and forehead
yellowish brown with grey tomentum. Forehead very narrow, about
nine times as long as it is broad, a third narrower anteriorly, the
frontal callus very narrow, long, brown, not reaching the eves,
with a linear extension, the pubescence on forehead black. Thorax
blackish brown, no stripes visible, covered with grey tomentum

218 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vior.sny<

and with scattered short appressed yellowish pubescence and longer
black hairs, shoulders reddish, sides with black hairs, a tuft
of white hairs behind at base of wings. Breast covered with grey
tomentum and with white hairs. Scwutellum similar to the thorax.
Abdomen reddish brown, blackish towards the apex, and witha
faint black median mark on the second segment, the segmentations
yellowish, with yellow pubescence which is scattered and on some
of the specimens is hardly visible, on the type it appears on the
median line, the pubescence of dorsum thick, black ; under side very
similar but appearing darker in the middle with grey tomentose
sides. Legs black, the fore tibiae at their base, the others wholly,
reddish yellow, pubescence on fore coxae and on posterior femora
white or yellowish white, on the others a few whitish hairs appear,
otherwise the pubescence on them and elsewhere is black. Wangs
clear, veins yellowish brown, stigma yellow. In the specimens
from Sumatra the black mark on the second segment is often not
visible.

Atylotus andamanicus 1s a very badly preserved female speci-
men from the Andaman Islands, it appears to me to be identical
with the above, the only difference appearing to be the presence
of a round grey tomentose spot on each side of the second and
third segments.

Tabanus uniformis, 9 , n. sp.

Type @ and a long series from Darien Tiptis, Negui Sembilan,
Federated Malay States, collected February and March 1908 by
Dr. A. T. Stanton, who informs me that the locality is a new road
running through jungle country.

A species with a uniformly coloured abdomen, reddish, with
brighter reddish yellow haired narrow segmentations. Antennae
and legs reddish yellow, the femora darker. Forehead narrow
with a long narrow callus. Wings clear, tinged yellow on the fore
border. Length of type 16 mm., others 14—16 mm.

Face covered with yellowish grey tomentum, the upper part
of cheeks bordering eyes, the subcallus and forehead with darker
reddish brown tomentum, pubescence on face scanty yellow, on
the cheeks browner and longer, beard dark yellowish with brown
hairs intermixed. Palpi yellow, thickly covered with black hairs,
stout, ending in an obtuse point. Antennae reddish, the first two
joints yellow with black pubescence, the third moderately broad
at base with a distinct tooth. Forehead about eight times as long
as it is broad, and a third narrower anteriorly, frontal callus shining
yellowish brown, very narrow, long not reaching the eyes, furrowed
in the middle with a fine lineal extension, pubescence of forehead
black. Thorax reddish brown as abdomen but with some greyish
brown tomentum anteriorly and at sides, the pubescence on dorsum
very largely of short fulvous hairs, but black hairs are intermixed
especially in the middle of dorsum, hairs at sides blackish. Scwtel-
lim 1s similar.

1gtt.}| G. RicarDO: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 219

Abdomen reddish brown with bright reddish yellow short pubes-
cence, always present on segmentations and in type and well-pre-
served specimens on the whole dorsum, black hairs intermixed,
all pubescence is short but thick; under side the same but with
paler segmentations, the black pubescence predominates. Legs
reddish callow the coxae and femora reddish brown, on the middle
and posterior pairs however this colour appears only in streaks,
the fore coxae with grey tomentum and whitish hairs, the femora
with short black pubescence, some yellow hairs intermixed at
knees, and on outer border of the middle femora, in the tibiae it is
black, largely yellow at the base, on the tarsi it is black. Wings
clear, distinctly tinged yellow on the costal border, and more
faintly so on the fore border, stigma yellow, veins yellow, a pale
white streak is visible below the stigma.

Tabanus subhirtus, 2? , Ricardo.

Tabanus cinerascens, 2, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France,
p. 669 (1892). [Atylotus.} (Nomen bis lectum.) The name is
preoccupied by a species from Australia named by King in 1827.

Type @ from Java.

In Howlett coll. females from Belgatchia, Bengal, and from
Bombay.

A small olive-coloured or reddish brown species, the abdomen
appearing dusky with yellowish brown tomentum and black and
white pubescence, the thorax olive-brown with white hairs inter-
mixed with the black pubescence. Antennae light red, palpi pale
yellow with black and white pubescence, slender. Legs pale reddish
yellow. Wings clear. Length 12 mm.

Face covered with whitish grey tomentum and with white
pubescence. Beard white. Palpz with a long pointed apex. Fore-
head covered with yellowish brown tomentum and with black
pubescence, narrow, anteriorly one-third narrower than at vertex,
about seven times as ‘long as it is wide, frontal callus yellowish brown,
long not reaching eyes, extended as a fine line beyond the middle
of the forehead. Antennae long and slender, the first two joints
with grey tomentum and some black hairs, the apex of third joint
dark brown. Thorax: shoulders red with ‘black hairs, white hairs
round base of wings, breast covered with whitish grey tomentum
and with white hairs. Scutellwm same as thorax. Abdomen: seg-
mentations very narrowly pale yellow, the apex appears darker
dorsum sprinkled with white hairs; under side ashy grey with short
white pubescence. Legs almost unicolorous, the femora and tarsi a
little browner, pubescence black, on femora some white tomentum
and on tibiae some few yellow hairs. Wzungs clear, veins yellowish
and brown, stigma yellow.

The specimens from Bengal have the abdomen rather redder
in colour, and the very short white hairs are yellowish in colour
and not so numerous.

220 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL IV,

Tabanus formosiensis, 2 , n. sp.

Type ¢@ and another from Formosa in Dr. Kertesz’s coll.

A small species nearly allied to Tabanus cinerascens, Bigot,
distinguished from it by the narrower shining black frontal callus
and narrower forehead, and by its olive-coloured abdomen with
short yellow pubescence scattered over the dorsum. Antennae
and legs yellow. Wings clear. Length 11 mm.

Face covered with whitish tomentum and white hairs, the
upper cheeks, subcallus and forehead with yellowish brown tomen-
tum, the former with black hairs. Beard white. Palpi pale yellow,
with black pubescence, slender, not very stout at base, with a long
slender apex. Antennae reddish yellow, the first two joints pale
yellow with black hairs, the third with a very small but distinct
tooth crowned with a few black hairs, narrow, not very wide at base.
Forehead nearly ten times as long as it is broad, being only half as
wide anteriorly as it is at vertex, frontal callus cylindrical, with
narrow lineal extension, not reaching the eyes, black; some black
hairs on forehead. Thorax blackish with some grey tomentum
anteriorly, the dorsum with scattered short yellow pubescence,
shoulders reddish with black hairs ; sides and breast ashy grey with
white pubescence. Scutellum similar to thorax. Abdomen olive-
brown, covered with yellowish brown tomentum and with black
pubescence, short appressed yellow hairs are scattered over the
dorsum ; under side black covered with ashy grey tomentum. Legs
yellow, the coxae covered with ashy grey tomentum and with white
pubescence, the femora with the same tomentum chiefly on their
lower sides and with some white hairs below, fore tibiae on their
basal half with yellowish pubescence, and the others with some on
their lower sides, elsewhere the pubescence is black, fore tarsi
black, the others more or less brownish. JWzngs clear, veins and
stigma pale yellow.

Tabanus tuberculatus, 9? | n. sp.

From Indian Museum coll.

Type @ and another from Companiganj, Sylhet district,
Assam (B. Warren); and another female from Belgatchia, Bengal, in
Howlett coll., and type o~ from Pusa, Bengal.

A small yellowish species allied to Tabanus diversifrons, n. sp.,
but distinguished from it by the shining bare subcallus, forehead
narrower anteriorly. Thorax covered with yellowish tomentum.
Abdomen more red-yellow and narrower. Legs almost wholly
yellowish. Length, male and female types 13 mm., others 12 mm.

@. Face covered with greyish tomentum and with some short
yellow hairs. Beard yellow. Palpi bright yellow, a little stout
at base ending in a long point, pubescence of yellow and black
hairs intermixed. Antennae (incomplete): the first two joints
yellow. Subcallus shining, mahogany-yellow, rather protuberant.
Forehead covered with greyish vellow tomentum, about seven times

rgtt.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 221

as long as it is broad, slightly narrower anteriorly, the frontal
callus large, oblong, nearly reaching the eyes, red-brown, with a
short rather stout lineal extension. Thorax black, but covered with
greyish yellow tomentum and with yellow appressed hairs, sides
and shoulders reddish yellow with pale yellow hairs; breast black,
covered with greyish tomentum and with pale yellow pubescence.
Scutellum same as thorax. Abdomen narrow, reddish yellow, the
last three segments blackish with some grey tomentum, the pubes-
cence on dorsum short, black, with bright yellow hairs intermixed
which become thick at sides, on apical segments the black hairs
are longer; under side the same, but the yellow pubescence
predominates. Legs bright reddish yellow, the tibiae and tarsi pale
yellow, the fore tibiae at apex and the fore tarsi black, the other
tarsi brown on their apical joints, the fore femora with black short
pubescence which is also present on apices of fore tibiae and on fore
tarsi and apical joints of others, the pubescence elsewhere yellow.
Wings hyaline with pale yellow fore border, stigma and veins.

@. The males are similar. Eyes with the large facets distinct,
occupying two-thirds of the eye, the small facets extending to the
vertex as a narrow border. Face, subcallus and frontal triangle
covered with greyish white tomentum, the pubescence of former
and the beard white. Palfi pale yellow with yellow hairs and a
few black ones at apex.

Antennae light reddish yellow, the first two joints pale
yellow, the third joint slender with a very slight tooth. Thorax
blackish covered with greyish yellow tomentum, the pubescence
consisting of long pale yellow hairs, sides and breast covered with
grey tomentum and white pubescence. Scutellum the same with a
fringe of long yellow hairs on its basal border. Abdomen the same
as in female, conical, the blackish colouring begins on the fourth
segment. Legs the same, but the tibiae have chiefly black
pubescence. Wings clear, the stigma and veins pale yellow, the
rudiment of an appendix present.

Tabanus simplissimus, ? 7 , Walker.

Proc, Linn: S0C.. 1p. Err (1857).
Tabanus minimus, 2 , Van der Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Dipt.,
18, pl. i, fig. 11 (1892); 7d., Notes Leyden Museum, vii, p. 71 (1885).

Walker’s types male and female from Sarawak (Saunders
coll.) ; and others in Brit. Mus. coll. from Perak (Pratt), Kuala
Lumpur, Selangor (Durham); Railway, Sungei Bessi, Selangor
(Durham), and Selangor (Meade Waldo); Bidor, 5. Perak
(Robinson and Annandale coll.) ; one male from Singapore (Ridley).
V.d. Wulp described his species as follows :—

‘« A female from Soeroelangoen (Sumatra) in August. Piceous;
antennae, tibiae and posterior tarsi at the base red; frontal callus
black, shining; wings subhyaline. @ , length 10 mm.

Face and cheeks dark grey ; beard white ; subcallus above the
antennae wholly taken up by a shining black tubercle, which has

222 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

a longitudinal furrow in the middle, and is prolonged above as a
stripe-shaped line on the grey narrow frontal band. Eyes naked
with very fine network. Antennae red-yellow, the two first joints
projecting above tooth-like ; the third at the base with a small
tooth ; at the apex brownish. Palpi grey-brown ending in a point,
proboscis black-brown. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen brown-
black, slightly shining. Thorax with short pale pubescence, the
shoulders and the triangle at base of wings brown ; breast sides
black-grey with whitish pubescence ; abdomen with some trace
of reddish segmentations ; under side with distinct grey segmenta-
tions. Coxae and femora black, the fore coxae with whitish grey
tomentum and pubescence of same colour; knees and tibiae pale
red-yellow ; on the fore legs the apex of tibiae as well as the whole
tarsi black, on the hind legs the first tarsal joint red-yellow with
the apex and following joints black-brown. MHalteres yellow.
Wings hardly a little greyish; the stigma marked by an almost
unnoticeable brown-yellow shadow ; veins normal. This species
seems related to Tabanus pusillus, Macq. (Dipt. exot., i (1), 127, 12),
from China, which has also a black subcallus, but the palpi are
described as pale vellow and the legs as uniformly red-yellow.”’
V.d. Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Dipt., p. 18.

‘“T need only add to my original description that the eyes
are bare and of a bronze colour, with small facets; even after having
been moistened they show no trace of cross-bands. In these Javan
specimens the yellow colour of the legs is so pale that it may be
called whitish. Two females from Ambarawa in Java (Ludeking).”
V. d. Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum, vii, p. 71. (1885).

Van der Wulp evidently re-described the same species as
Walker had described years before, but the colour of the abdomen
as stated by him hardly applies to the specimens in Brit. Mus.
coll. and in London School Tropical Medicine coll., which
range from yellowish at the base becoming darker towards the
apex, to reddish brown becoming blackish at the apex, the pubes-
cence on dorsum black but not very thick, the segmentations in
fresh specimens fringed with yellow hairs. The tibiae whitish or
very pale yellow. The wings hyaline but very faintly tinged
yellowish on fore border, the costal border yellow.

The forehead is narrow nearly ten times as long as it is broad,
about a third narrower anteriorly, the frontal callus narrow, long,
blackish, reaching the eyes with a linear extension, forehead covered
with grey tomentum. The palpi vary from usually yellow with
black pubescence to almost black with grey tomentum, swollen
at base, ending in a rather fine point. Length from 9—12 mm.
The male type (now headless) has the abdomen almost wholly
yellow, underneath dark at the apex.

The male from Singapore has the large facets of the eyes distinct,
reaching across almost as far as the posterior border of the subcallus,
the small ones are continued as a narrow border to the vertex.

This species may usually be distinguished from those specimens
of Tabanus ceylonicus, Schiner, which have the abdomen almost

rg1I.| G. RIcaArDO: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 223

wholly reddish brown (not merely somewhat reddish brown at the
sides as Schiner describes), by its whitish or yellowish beard and
lighter palpi which even when darker have grey tomentum, appear-
ing greyish, but on examining a long series of specimens of both
species, I found that some with the reddish brown abdomen had
yellowish beards but the palpi dark, or blackish beards and the palpi
rather reddish. I can find no other specific difference to divide
the species, and it appears doubtful whether they can be maintained
as two distinct species, both in shape of palpi, antennae and frontal
callosities are almost identical, and both occur in the same localities
but Walker’s species is not so numerous in the collection. Van der
Wulp was mistaken in thinking Tabanus pusillus, Macq., had a
black shining subcallus, his species has no relation to the Macquart
type which I examined in the Paris Museum.

Tabanus ceylonicus, 2? , Schiner.
(Pla xty tise 22.)

Reise Novara Diptera, p. 93 (1868).

Tabanus mtidulus, 2, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v
p. 679 (1892).

Bigot type from Java and other females in Brit. Mus. coll.
from Trincomalee, Ceylon (Yerbury), with note from donor ‘‘ Rare” ;
from Dinding, Siam (Ridley) ; from Singapore, Straits Settlement
(Falshaw), with note from donor ‘‘ Found in Singapore and Federa-
ted Malay States, bites cattle and horses, found in town and jungle;
very rarely seen and not so common as other Tabanidae’’; from
Tapah Road, Perak, Federated Malay States (Durham); anda long
series from Bidor, S. Perak (Robinson and Annandale coll.) ;
from Kuala Lumpur (Stanton coll.) ; from Kajoe-Tanan, Sumatra,
Dr. Hagen, ‘“ on cow.’’ One male from Trincomalee, Hot Wells,
Ceylon {Yerbury).

Shining black, very bare, the thorax at the sides and especially
the triangle at base of wings as well as the abdomen at the sides
somewhat brown-red, on the sides of breast just under the root of
the wings is a rusty brown small spot ; the under side of abdomen
is likewise but not very distinctly reddish brown, the short hairs on
the sides of abdomen black. Head black, the face in certain lights
dark cinnamon-brown, the forehead narrow, somewhat broader
behind, the shining black callosity just above the antennae large,
occupying the whole space between the eyes, beyond it a rather
long square less shining spot, from which three fine shining stripes
reach to the vertex, the space between it dull bluish grey.
Antennae bright red-yellow, the third joint black at the apex, the
first joint cylindrical, not wider above, the second short with no spine
above, both bare, the third hardly concave above so that the angle
projects but little, the joints ringed as in other genuine Tabanus
species. Proboscis black with long sucking discs. Palpi black-
brown, little shorter than the proboscis, broad at the base, ending
in a point, somewhat curved; the scanty beard black. Legs black,

) 3

224 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

the knees and tibiae white-yellow, as well as the metatarsi of the
middle and posterior legs, and to a certain extent the succeeding
tarsal joints. Wings wholly hyaline, the subcostal vein pale yellow
and similarly shaded, the first posterior cell open, no appendix, but
the angle is acute, 6 lines.

Two females from Ceylon.

A species deviating very much from all Tabanus species, and
which might be considered as the type of a definite group of species.
Schiner, Reise Novara Dipt., p. 93.

The Bigot specimen agrees with above description and is no
doubt the same. ‘The species is easily recognised by its shining
subeallus, black beard and palpi, black legs with white tibiae and
almost clear wings, but the abdomen varies from wholly black to
almost wholly brown-red, as in the specimens from Sumatra in
which only the last four segments or only the apex are blackish,
it is always shining but in undenuded specimens with unnoticeable
short black pubescence. ‘The thorax is blackish, sometimes with the
shoulders and sides reddish, appressed fulvous pubescence appears
on fresh specimens, but not in the wholly black specimens, sides with
black hairs.

Q. The face is black covered with cinnamon-brown tomentum,
the palpi always blackish, though yellowish on the inside. The
antennae are rather narrow and slender, the third joint especially
so, the first two joints have black pubescence which is thickest on their
upper angles. The forehead is narrow, about eight times as long
as it is broad, from a third to half narrower anteriorly, the frontal
callus sometimes long and narrow, not square, but always reaching
the eyes, linear extension not usually reaching the vertex. Forehead
covered with the bluish grey tomentum, but posteriorly with
darker brown tomentum and with black hairs. The eyes have two
more cross-bands. ‘The fore tibiae are black at their extreme apex.
Wings with yellow veins and stigma and costal border. Length of
Bigot type 12 mm., of others 1o—12 mm.

o. The male is similar to the female. ‘The hairs on the face
are much thicker and very black, as is the beard and the hairs on
the palpi. Subcallus black, shining. Eyes with the large facets
very distinct, reaching across, just beyond the apex of the frontal
triangle, the small facets are continued as a narrow border to the
vertex. The abdomen in this one specimen is reddish brown, black
at the apex. Length 1o} mm. On the relationship of this species
to Tabanus simplissimus, Wl\k., see under that species.

Tabanus ardens, ? , Wiedemann.

Dipt: exots 1,78; 31 ((1821))-ds) Auss.. Zweitl lus de epae5 4.
68 (1828).

Macquart, Dipt. exot.,i (1), p. 129, 16 (1838).

Thorax glauco, fulvo pubescente ; abdomine ferrugineo ; alis
infumatis ; pedibus fulvis. Thorax mouldy grey with golden yellow
pubescence. Abdomen rusty yellow. Wings smoke-grey. Legs
golden yellow, 6 lines. 9%. From Java.

1giI.] G. RicarDo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 225

Antennae very bright rusty vellow, black at their extreme apex.
Face and beard golden yellow. Palpi light brownish ; forehead
ochre-brown, a little narrower than usual with a brown shining
stripe very little broader below. Thorax rusty yellow striped.
Breast sides golden yellow and mouldy grey. Abdomen with the
first segment at the sides broadly, and the following ones only on
the side-borders, waxy yellow with golden yellow pubescence, other-
wise the abdomen above is almost rusty yellow, clothed with very
short black small hairs, in the middle of the posterior border of the
first segment a golden vellow haired spot. Wings on fore border and
towards the base, also in the middle a little yellowish. Halteres
golden yellow. ‘Tarsi brown. In Westermann’s coll. Wied.,
Auss. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 154.

@. Wiedemann only described the female. We refer to this
species a male specimen from the collection of M. Serville. It
differs from the female by the antennae, the third joint of which is
blackish, vellow at the base. The face and the base of the forehead
are of a dirty light yellow. The thorax is brown without distinct
stripe. From Java. Macquart, Dipt. exot., i (1), p. 129.

This species is not known to me.

Tabanus fumipennis, Van der Wulp.

Sumatra Hxped. Diptera, p: 18, 6, pl. 1, fig. 10 (1882).

One female from Alahan (Sumatra), caught in October.

Bluish, black, subglabrous. Antennae and legs piceous, the
knees of anterior legs and base of tibiae red; wings brown. Tength
16 mm.

Face and forehead with light ashy grey tomentum ; moustache
dirty white. Eyes naked. Forehead narrow, posteriorly some-
what broader, with a stripe-shaped, shining, black line. Antennae
black-brown, the first joint cylindrical, the second very short, with
a small spine above, the third at the base with a hardly perceptible
tooth (see figure). Proboscis shining black. Palpi dark brown
with a little ashy grey tomentum. Abdomen unicoloured, bluish
black, a little shining; the thorax and the scutellum covered with
a greyish bloom ; the sides of breast, at least the part near the fore
legs light grey, with pubescence of the same colour; under side with
light grey segmentations. Legs black-brown, but because of the
grey pubescence partly greyish ; the knees of fore legs and the basal
half of tibiae red-brown. Wings of a tobacco-brown tint, which is
darker along the veins and on the fore border ; the veins and the
stripe-shaped stigma black-brown; neuration normal TJ abanits
caerulescens, Macq. (Dipt. exot.,i(1), p. 128), might be noticed in
the determination of this species, were it not for the antennae
which are there described as brown-yellow, and the shining black
spot on the forehead of which Macquart speaks is wanting in
this species in the specimen lying before me. Van der Wulp,
Sumatra Exped. Diptera, p. 18.

226 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vor.

This species is not known to me; it would appear from the
description that its chief differences from the Macquart species, to
which it must be very nearly allied, lies in the black-brown not
reddish antennae; thorax with no reddish stripes or colour; legs
with the base of the tibiae red, not black as in the Macquart species,
the posterior tibiae of which only are reddish. The shape of the
forehead and frontal callus appears identical in both species.

Tabanus ixion, o , Osten Sacken.
Berlin. Ent. Zeit., xxvi, p. 99 (1882).

Dark brown, abdomen and legs black ; wings brown, the tips
and a part of the discal cell hyaline. Length 15 mm.

Palpi and face dark brown, with some black pile; head,o.
flattened from above ; the division between the large and the small
facets very distinct. Antennae dark brown or reddish brown ; the
third joint long and narrow; its upper angle projecting squarely,
the excision of its upper side very shallow. Thorax dark brown,
with black pile, especially on the pleurae ; abdomen black, shining;
legs black ; halteres with a yellow knob. Wings brown, axillary
angle paler, apex hyaline within the second submarginal cell, the proxi-
mal half of which is brown, a hyaline spot in the middle of the dis-
cal cell both ends of which are brown ; on both sides of that hyaline
spot the brown ground colour of the wing is somewhat yellowish ;
the first posterior cell open although somewhat coarctate towards
the tips; no stump of a vein. Two@.

From Philippine Islands. Ost. Sacken, Berlin. Ent. Zeit., xxvi,
Pp. 99. j

This male is unknown to me. The females I have described
as Tabanus inobservatus from Sumatra must be nearly allied to it.

Tabanus melanognathus, o , Bigot.

Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (3), ii
[ Atylotus. |

, Pp. 204 (1890).

Rene ther 7mm,

Antennae dull yellow, the third joint black at its apex, deeply
incised above with a considerably projecting tooth; face, beard
and palpi yellowish grey, the former very short, the lower half of
the composite eyes blackish ; the whole body yellow, thorax paler ;
pleurae brown, halteres yellow; legs entirely black; wings pale
yellow at the base, the posterior third hyaline (apex widely hyaline
in the Latin description); no appendix; eyes naked. Laos, one
specimen. Bigot, /.c., p. 204. This species is not known to me.

Tabanus laotianus, ? , Bigot.

Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (3), ii, p. 205 (1890)
| Atylotus.|

1g11.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 229

Length 16 mm.

Antennae dull yellow, blackish at the base and at the apex, the
third joint deeply incised above with a fairly prominent tooth ; palpi
dull yellow (in the Latin description flesh-coloured). Face, beard
and forehead grey; frontal callus and spot at vertex blackish ;
the former very narrow, elongated, suddenly dilated below. ‘Thorax
dull yellow, a little reddish, with four wide stripes indistinct, abbrevi-
ated posteriorly, blackish (dull chestnut in the Latin description) ;
sides greyish ; scutellum brownish yellow ; abdomen pale yellow,
a little brown at the apex; pleurae brownish as well as the stem
of the halteres, the club of latter whitish ; wings very pale grey,
narrowly tinged brownish at the base, stigma the same colour, no
appendix ; legs greyish black, tibiae pale grey at the base, the pos-
terior ones longitudinally tinged with brown behind ; eyes naked.
From Laos. One specimen. Bigot, /.c., p. 205.

This species is not known to me.

Group XI.
Subgenus Therioplectes, Zeller.

Isis, 1842, xi, 819 (1842).

In this group are comprised all species with distinctly pubes-
cent eyes, and ocelligerous tubercle on vertex. The heads of the
males not differing much in size or shape from those of the females.
The facets of the eyes in the males are uniform in T. hivtus, Wlk., but
in T. subcallosus, n. sp., they are very distinctly different in size ;
the other males are not known. Eyes with cross-bands.

There are only four species from the Oriental Region, forehead
broad, three to four times as long as it is broad. Species rather
pubescent. Length 11—17 mm.

Tabanus (Therioplectes) subcallosus, ~ 2 , n. sp.

Types @ and @ and two other females from Mussoorie,
India (Brunetti coll.); others from N.-W. Provinces and Dalhousie
in Brit. Mus. coll.

A small black species with white bands on abdomen, easily
recognised by the shining, yellowish brown subcallus, by the two
separate transverse calli of forehead, and by the slightly incrassate
white fore tibiae. Length 11} mm.

2. Face covered with greyish tomentum and white pubescence.
Palpi obscurely yellow, thickly covered on the outside with grey
tomentum, with thick long white pubescence at base and with some
short black hairs elsewhere, stout, ending in short acute point.
Antennae reddish, the first two joints yellowish with black pubescence,
the tooth of third joint very slight. Subcallus convex, brownish
vellow. Forehead broad, about three and a half times as long as itis
broad, almost the same width throughout, covered with grey and

228 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoEs ive

brown tomentum, frontal callus black, transverse, not reaching eyes,
the fore border near subcallus irregular, the median cailus black,
smaller, irregularly heart-shaped, ocelligerous tubercle smail, pubes-
cence of forehead black. Eyes hairy ; ‘‘ green black, with central
bright green band edged each side with purple’’ (from note by
collector), thus withtwe stripes, @ with large facets above. Thorax
black with grey tomentum and with black pubescence and some
appressed fulvous hairs ; at sides and base of wings with long white
pubescence. Scutellum black covered with grey tomentum. 4 bdo-
men with white-haired bands on each segment, not produced in the
middle, under side with the white bands broader. Legs black, tibiae
yellowish white, black at apices, pubescence on coxae, under part of
femora, light parts of tibiae white, elsewhere black. Wangs hyaline.

Male identical, with the exception of the second and third
segments of the abdomen which are yellowish red at the sides.

The hairiness of eyes is not very apparent in the specimen from
N.-W. P. and the palpi are pale yellow with black hairs.

Tabanus (Therioplectes) hirtus, ~ , Walker.

Ins. Saund., p. 52 (1850). [Tabanus.]

Type male from India (coll. Saunders), and another male from
India; females from Naini Tal, Himalayas (Lt.-Col. R. Moore) ;
near Muktesar, U. P., India (Capt. J. EK. Holmes), and N-W. Prov-
inces (C. Horne), all in Brit. Mus. coll.

In Indian Museum coll. females from Phagu, 9,000 ft., Simla
hills (Annandale). |

This species bears a superficial resemblance to Tabanus ortentis ,
WIlk., but is at once distinguished by its hairy eyes. A robust
species with black abdomen largely reddish yellow at the sides.
Forehead almost parallel with the frontal callus, broad continued
as a thick spindle-shaped line towards the vertex. Legs blackish.
Length of male type 15 mm., of females 16-17 mm.

9. face and subcallus covered with greyish tomentum, the
latter hairy, with long yellowish hairs, beard the same colour
as hairs of face. Palpi dull reddish, covered at the base with long
yellow hairs, elsewhere with chiefly short black pubescence, stout,
ending in a short point. Antennae blackish, the first two jcints with
black pubescence, the third joint with hardly a perceptible angle
in place of a tooth, broad at base. Eyes with three cross-bands,
densely pubescent. Forehead rather darker than face, clothed with
blackish pubescence, longer at vertex, almost parallel and barely
four times as long as it is broad, frontal callus black, shining,
triangular, broad at base almost reaching eyes, its apex continued
in a spindle-shaped line, ocelligerous tubercle present on vertex.

Thorax blackish with three indistinct narrow greyish or yellow-
ish stripes broadly separated, pubescence of black long hairs with
fulvous short often appressed hairs intermixed, shoulders reddish
with long black hairs, tufts of white hairs above wings on sides,

rgtr.} G. Rrcarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 229

breast greyish with yellow and black hairs intermixed. Scutellum
same colour as thorax, posteriorly reddish, with long black pubes-
cence. Abdomen black, broad and stout for size of insect, the red-
dish yellow colour largely predominates on the first two segments,
and sometimes on the third segment , the segmentations yellow haired,
often produced in the middle as triangular spots, the whole dorsum
in well-preserved specimens to a great extent covered with short
vellow pubescence, intermixed with longer black hairs at the apex
and on sides ; under side blackish covered with grey tomentum and
lighter segmentations. Legs blackish, the fore tibiae at base and the
others more largely so, dull reddish, pubescence on coxae yellow,
femora with some grey tementum and chiefly black pubescence,
some yellow hairs present, the pubescence on tibiae and tarsi almost
wholly black.

Wings clear, tinged brown along veins, and on cross-veins,
stigma and veins brown, appendix present, first posterior cell widely
open.

x. Similar, but the yellow on sides of abdomen is less, and the
pubescence on dorsum chiefly black, the segmentations vellow
haired. Legs darker. Eyes with three cross-bands, densely pubes-
cent, facets uniform in size, hairs on cheeks long, blackish, in middle
of face yellowish. Palfi reddish with long black hairs, some yellow
hairs below.

Tabanus (Therioplectes) wyvillei, 2 , n. sp.

Type female and two others from Narkanda, Himalayas, 9,000
ft., July 1907 (Lt-Col. F. Wyville Thomson, I.M.S.); and another
female from Kasauli, India, from the same donor, who says of
those from Narkanda, ‘‘ Very common in the Himalayas ; annoys
man and animals by biting.’’ He also notes the eyes are red with
three transverse green bars.

A smaller species than Therioplectes hirtus, Walker, distinguished
from it by the slender palpi, and by the golden yellow pubescence
on abdomen, which in well-preserved specimens almost wholly covers
it, whereas in the Walker species the same coloured pubescence
is chiefly confined to the segmentations ; the sides are very much
less reddish yellow, only appearing so on the sides of the second
segment. ‘he tibiae are much lighter reddish vellow. Length of
type 13 mm., others from 13-14 mm.

Face covered with greyish yellow tomentum and with long
chiefly black fine hairs. Beard yellowish. Palpi reddish yellow,
slender, stouter at the base ending in a long acute point, the
pubescence long, black, a few yellow hairs at base below.

Antennae reddish, darker at apex, the first two joints with black
pubescence, the third with hardly a perceptible angle in the place
of a tooth, subcallus and forehead covered with grey tomentum,
forehead almost parallel, very slightly narrower at the vertex, barely
three times as long as it is broad, the frontal callus blackish, very
indistinct in all the specimens, in the type it appears as a small

230 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Von.) LV;

irregularly shaped spot, perhaps in well-preserved specimens the
forehead may prove to have no real callus, ocelligerous tubercle
small. Eyes hairy, not very thickly covered with pale yellowish
hairs, with three cross-bands. Thorax black, covered with grey
tomentum and with pale yellow hairs, shoulders with long black
hairs, breast blackish with grey tomentum and yellowish pubescence.
Scutellum same as thorax. Abdomen brownish black, appearing red-
dish yellow on sides of second segment, the whole dorsum almost
wholly covered with short golden yellow pubescence, and the sides
with identical pubescence ; under side blackish almost devoid of hairs
but with yellowish grey tomentum. Legs blackish, the femora
with chiefly yellow pubescence, the fore tibiae except at apices,
and the others wholly, reddish yellow, with black pubescence, but
some yellow hairs intermixed, fore tarsi brownish, the others red-
dish yellow. Wings hyaline, shaded brown on transverse and
longitudinal veins, stigma and veins brownish, no appendix present.

Tabanus (Therioplectes) albilateralis, 9 , Macquart.

Dipt.exot., 1 (i), p- 120; 17 (1838). | Labanusy|

Black. Eyes hairy. Thorax with sides and stripes white.
Abdomen with golden yellow dorsal spots and segmentations, the
two first segments testaceous at sides. Legsred. Lengths lines, 2.

Palpi whitish yellow, elongated, pointed, the apex appearing
to form a separate joint. Face and forehead fawn coloured with
whitish tomentum, the latter wide, with a broad callus, brownish
yellow, posteriorly with three points. Antennae are wanting. Eyes
pubescent. Thorax black, with long brown hairs and _ whitish
stripes ; above the wings is a longitudinal stripe of long white hairs
bordered above by yellow hairs ; sides with long white hairs. Ab-
domen wide ; the first two segments testaceous with a dorsal trian-
gular spot ; the others black with dorsal triangular spots ; posterior
borders testaceous covered with golden hairs ; under side of a dirty
fawn colour. Legs yellowish, anterior pair wanting. Halteres
yellowish. Squamae brownish. Wings slightly brownish, darker
at the base and on outer border, the first posterior cell a little
narrowed. From Java. Macquart, Dipt. exot., i (I), p. 129.

Type in Paris Museum, distinguished from Therioplectes hirtus,
Wlk., with which I compared it by its broader forehead with a
broad yellowish callus, smaller size and yellow legs. A small species
with a black abdomen, reddish yellow on the first two segments and
partly so on the third segment, median spots and segmentations
yellowish haired ; under side pale yellowish white. Thorax with
yellowish white hairs at sides. Legs yellow. Wzungs tinged brown,
the first posterior cell much narrowed.

Ne oe ee

a ee eee

IgiI.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 231

LIST OF SPECIES OF TABANUS FROM THE ORIENTAT,
REGION, INCLUDING ALL SYNONYMS.

[Note. — All synonyms are printed in italics. |

TABANUS abbreviatus, Bigot.

abscondens, Walker.

administrans, Schiner == amaenus, WIk.

agricola,! Wied., an Arabian species recorded by Schiner
from Hongkong; identification doubtful.

albilateralis, Macq. (Therioplectes.)

albimedius, Walker.

albocostatus, Bigot.

albofasciatus, n. sp.

alboscutatus, Rondani = optatus, WIk.

albulus, Walker = virgo, WIk.

amaenus, Walker.

andamanicus, Bigot ? = fuscicauda, Bigot.

angustus, Bigot = palpalis, Ricardo (nomen bis lectum).

annamitus, « , Bigot.

apicalis, Rondani = borniensis, Ricardo (nomen bis
lectum).

ardens, Wied., assamensis, Bigot == sanguineus, WIk.

atrohirtus, n. sp.

auricinctus, Macq. = barbarus, Coquebert. A species
from S. Europe and N. Africa.

auriflamma, Walker.

auristriatus, 1. sp.

aurotestaceus, Walker.

basalis, Macq.

bicallosus, Ricardo.

bicinctus, n. sp.

birmanicus, Bigot.

bituberculatus, Bigot = fulvus, Macq.

borniensis, Ricardo.

brunneus, Macq.

brunnipennis, n. sp.

bubali, Doleschall

bucolicus, # , Schiner ? = feideri, Wulp. F

calidus, Walker ? = albimedius, Wlk. Type recorded
from Asia with a query.

ceylonicus, Schiner.

chinensis, Thunberg ? = striatus, Fabr. Delete from list.

cinerascens, Bigot = subhirtus, Ricardo (nomen bis
lectum),.
clausacella, Macq. = amaenus, Wik.

|! Macquart records his species as from the islands of the Indian Ocean,
but this large black species with golden haired bands on abdomen has not since
been recorded from the Oriental Region, which makes it appear doubtful whether
Macquart’s locality is correct, so that for the present it is not included in the
species from the Oriental Region,—see Macq. Dipt. exot., i, p. 134.

232

Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vor. IV,

caerulescens, Macq.

conicus, # , Bigot ? = abbreviatus, Bigot.

consanguineus, Macq.

consocius, Walker = orientis, Wlk.

costalis, Lichtenstein. Delete from list, description un-
recognisable.

crassus, ” , Walker.

discrepans, n. sp.

dissimilis, n. sp.

ditaeniatus, Macq.

diversifrons, n. sp.

= univentris, WIk., 2” parte.

= stantoni, n. sp., 7m parte.

dorstlinee, Wied: = striatus, F.

equestvis, Wulp = optatus, Wik.

explicatus, Walker.

factiosus, Walker

felderi, Wulp.

[fervidus, Walker — conformis, Wlk., a South African
species, therefore does not belong to the Oriental
Region. |

flavicinctus, n. sp.

flavissimus, n. sp.

flaviventris, Bigot ( == diversifrons, n. sp., 77 parte).

flavothorax, n. sp.

flexilis, Walker, from Celebes.

formosiensis, n. sp.

fulvimedius, Walker. ‘wpe described from unknown
locality.

fulvissimus, Rondani.

fulvus, Mg.

fumifer, Walker.

fumipennis, Wulp.

fuscicauda, Bigot.

fuscicornis, n. sp.

geniculatus, Wulp.

hilaris, Walker.

hirtipalpis, n. sp.

hirtistriatus, n. sp.

hirtus, Walker. (Therioplectes.)

hybridus, Wied.

ignobilis, Rondani.

immanis, Wied.

incultus, Wulp.

indianus, n. sp.

[indicus, Fabr., a South American species not occurring
in Oriental Region as stated by Walker. ]

inobservatus, n. sp.

imscitus, Walker. Delete from list, type lost.

internus, Walker = rubicundus, Macq.

dives, Rondani

rgit.| G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus.

No
Oo
Oo

ixion, Osten Sacken.

javanus, Fabr.

joidus, Bigot.

jucundus, Walker.

justorius, Rondani.

khasiensis, Ricardo.

lacrymans, Bigot — albimedius, WIk.
laotianus, Bigot.

leucocnematus, Bigot.

leucohirtus, Ricardo.

leucopogon, Bigot.

leucosparsus, Bigot.

macer, * , Bigot = striatus, Fabr.
malayensis, n. sp.

mandarinus, Schiner,

manilensis, Schiner ? — striatus, Fabr.
megalops, #7 , Walker = striatus, Fabr.
melanognathus, o, Bigot.

melanopygatus, Bigot = fulvimedius, WIk.
mentitus, o , Walker? = indianus, n. sp.
minimus, Walp = simplissimus, WIk.
moniifer, Bigot = internus, WIk.

monotaeniatus, Bigot.

negativus, n. sp.

nemocallosus, Ricardo.

nephodes, Bigot.

nexus, Walker.

nicobarensis, Schiner.

nigromaculatus, n. sp.

nigropictus, Macq.

nigrotectus, Bigot.

nitidulus, Bigot = ceylonicus, Schiner.

non-optatus, n. sp.

obconicus, @ , Walker.

optatus, Walker.

orientalis, Wied.

orientis, Wied.

oxyceratus, Bigot.

pagodinus, Bigot = fulvimedius, WIk.

pallidepectoratus, Bigot.

palpalis, Ricardo.

partitus, Walker = striatus, Fabr.

pauper, Rondani.

perakiensis, n. sp.

perlinea, Walker = orientis, WIk.

pictipennis, Wulp = flexilis, Wlk., from Celebes.

pratti, n. sp.

priscus, Walker = albimedius, Wlk, Type described
from unknown locality.

puella, Walker = virgo, Wied.

234 Records of the Indian Museum. PVOrSEV.

puteus, n. sp.

pyrausta, Walker = servillei, Macq.

pyrrhus, Walker = ditaeniatus, Macq.

rarus, n. sp.

rubicundus, Macq.

rubidus, Wied.

vubiginosus, Walker. Delete from list, type lost.

rufiventris, Fabr. Delete from list, impossible to identify
from description.

vufocallosus, Bigot = striatus, Fabr.

sanguineus, Walker.

serville1, Macq.

sexcinctus, n. sp.

slamensis, n. sp.

signifer, Walker.

significans, n. sp.

simplissimus, Walker.

simicus, # , Walker = striatus, Fabr.

speciosus, n. sp.

stantoni, n. sp.

striatus, Fabr.

subcallosus, n. sp. (Therioplectes.)

subcinerascens, n. sp.

subhirtus, Ricardo.

sumatrensis, 7, Macq. Delete from list, type lost, des-
cription being of » only, not sufficient for identifica-

tion.
tenebrosus, Walker.
tenens, Walker = striatus, Fabr.
tinctothorax, n. sp.
trigeminus, Coquillet = mandarinus, Schiner.

tristis, Wulp.

tuberculatus, n. sp.

wumbrosus, Walker — albimedius, Wlk.

uniformis, n. sp.

univentris, Walker.

vagus, Walker — albimedius, WIk.

vagus, Walker ,from Hongkong. Delete from list, type lost.

vanderwulpi, Osten Sacken.

varicolor, Ricardo.

variegatus, Rondani = varicolor, Ricardo (nomen bis
lectum).

virgo, Wied.

wyvillei, n. sp. (Therioplectes.)

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES.

India, including Assam and Burma, 59 species.

Tabanus /Jurtipalpis, bicallosus, flavicinctus, leucocnematus,
bicinctus, sexcinctus, ditaeniatus, virgo, nemocallosus, optatus,

rgtr.]| G. RicarDo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 235

non-optatus, nephodes, albofasciatus, basalis, aurtflamma, striatus,
jilaris, rubicundus, abbreviatus, rubidus, albimedius, speciosus,
monotaentatus, brunnipennis, abscondens, aurtstriatus, hybridus,
jucundus, indianus, brunneus, mgromaculatus, leucopogon, crassus,
alboscutatus, explicatus, khasiensis, sanguineus, oxyceratus, orients,
fulvimedius, consanguineus, orientalis, bitmanicus, nigrotectus,
tenebrosus, leucohivtus, nigropictus, joidus, palpalis, flaviventris,
diversifrons, subcinerascens, obconicus, sublurius, tuberculatus.
Therioplectes subcallosus, lirtus, wyvitlet.

Ceylon, 12 species.

Tabanus ditaeniatus, striatus, albimedius, speciosus, jucundus,
puteus, discrepans, flavissimus, atrohirtus, flaviventris, fuscicauda,
ceylonicus.

Nicobar Islands, I species.

Tabanus nicobarensis, Schiner.

Siam, Federated Malay States, Annam, and Cochin China, 29 species.

Tabanus varus, bicinctus, pratti, annamitus, striatus, abbre-
viatus, rubidus, /irtistyiatus, brunnipennis, hybridus, stanton,
brunneus, fumifer, malayensis, dissimilis, s¢gnificans, leucospar-
sus, sanguineus, birmanicus, flavothorax, tinctothorax, perakiensis
pallidepectoratus, siamensis, umjormis, simplissimus, ceylonicus,
melanognathus , laotianus.

Sumatra, 16 species.

Tabanus optatus, basalis, striatus, rubidus, ¢vzstis, immanis,
fumifer, sanguineus, zzcultus, geniculatus, inobservatus, fulvissimus,
fuscicauda, simplissimus, ceylonicus, fumipennis.

Java, 17 species.

Tabanus javanus, optatus, striatus, rubicundus, abbreviatus,
rubidus, albimedius, immanis, bubali, brunneus, servillei, sangui-
neus, caerulescens, subhirtus, ceylonicus, ardens.

Therioplectes albilateralis.

Borneo, I4 species.

Tabanus optatus, pratti, hybridus, varvicolor, fumifer, dis-
similis, gnobilis, nexus, justorius, fulvissimus, wniventris, pauper,
borniensts , simplissimus.

Philippines, 4 species.

Tabanus vanderwulpi, striatus, factiosus, txion.

South China and Formosa, 18 species.

Tabanus fulvus, negativus, fuscicornis, striatus, abbreviatus, ab-
scondens, hybridus, awrotestaceus, jucundus, amaenus, mandarinus,

2306 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

indianus, signifer, feldert, crassus, sanguineus, fulvimedius, formo-
SUeNStS.

The species peculiar to each district, vzz., not as yet recorded
from elsewhere, are printed in italics. They number from Indian
district 39, and two common to India and Ceylon (faviventris, Bigot,
and speciosus, n. sp.) ; from Ceylon 4 species, all new ; from Nico-
bars I species ; from Malay district 14 species, chiefly new species ;
from Sumatra 5 species; from Java 7 species; from Borneo 7
species ; from S. China district 8 species : from Philippines 3 species.

SPECIES OF TABANUS FROM N. CHINA AND JAPAN.

The following is a list of species and synonyms occurring in
China above the line dividing the Oriental Region from the Palae-
arctic Region, roughly about 35° lat. N., and in Japan. The des-
criptions of those species which occur in both Regions are included
in those of the Oriental Region. ‘The description of Tabanus
cordiger, Mg., and Tabanus fulvus, Mg., are to be found in Brauer’s
monograph of the species of the Palaearctic Region in Denkschr.
Akad. Wien, xlii. The descriptions of the other species are given
here, with the exception of Tabanus hoang, 7 , Macq., which should
be deleted from list being apparently destroyed.

TABANUS amaenus, Walker.
angusticornis, Loew. (? Atylotus.)

bituberculatus, Bigot = fulvus, Mg.

buddha, Portsch. = chrysurus, Loew.

chrysurus, Loew.

clausacella, Macq. = amaenus, WIk., occurs in Palaearctic
and Oriental Region.

confucius, Macquart = yao, Macq.

cordiger, Mg.

ditaeniatus, Macq.

fulvus, Mg., occurs in Palaearctic and Oriental Region.
hirticeps, Loew. (Therioplectes.)

hoang, Macq. Delete from list, type lost.

humilis, Coquillet.

japonicus, Bigot. (? Atylotus.)

lama, Portsch., [| Region
mandarinus, Schiner, occurs in Palaearctic and Oriental
pulchriventris, Portsch. (Therioplectes.)

pusillus, Macq. ‘‘ China ’’ given as locality.

pyrrhoceras, Bigot 2? = chrysurus, Loew.

pyrrhus, Walker = ditaeniatus, Macq., a South African
species.

rufidens, Bigot ? = yao, Macq.

signatipenms, Portsch. = clausacella, Macq.

simicus, Bigot [Bellardia] = amaenus, WIk.

‘tataricus, Portsch.
! This species is included here, though not strictly recorded from China, but
being very near its borders, is likely to be found there.

Ig1I.] G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 237

tenebrosus, Coquillet (mec Walker).
trigeminus, Coquillet = mandarinus, Macq.
trigonus, Coquillet — yao, Macq.

vao, Macq.

yokoamensis, Bigot.

Tabanus angusticornis, 2 , Loew. [? Atylotus.|

Wien. Entom. Monatschr., ii, p. 104 (1858).

From Japan.

Ashy grey to yellow. Abdomen darker at base, on each side
with luteous spots. Eyes short haired. Forehead very wide,
with no smooth callus. Antennae ochraceous, narrow, the third
joint angulated above. Legs obscurely luteous, base of anterior
femora, apical half of anterior tibiae, anterior tarsi wholly and four
last joints of posterior tarsi black.

Wings brownish cinereous, stigma and veins dark brown, no
appendix. Length of body 5#lines. Length of wing 5 lines.

Face yellow pollinose and yellow haired. Palpi yellowish,
clothed with pale yellowish and black hairs. Antennae: first joint
produced, black haired, second black above, third ochraceous,
natrow, above angulated, hardly forming a tooth. Forehead very
wide, yellow pollinose, on vertex and as far as the anterior angle
of eyes with very short black hairs, and with no shining callus.
Eyes short pilose. Thorax yellow pollinose and yellow haired,
intermixed with black hairs, at the base of the wings thicker. Abdo-
men blackish, slightly yellow pruinose and with a very large Iuteous
spot on each side from the exterior angle of the first segment, and as
far as the posterior margin of the third segment, a blackish spot
lying between, which is extended contiguous to the anterior margin
of the third segment ; first segment with the borders of the following
segments except the last, and lateral borders of abdomen yellow
haired, rest of abdomen black haired. Under side blackish, with
yellowish ashy grey tomentum, borders of apical segments luteous,
pubescence of abdomen for the most part black, at the base, sides
and posterior border of anterior segments yellow haired. Legs
obscurely luteous, black haired, anterior femora at base, anterior
tibiae on apical half, extreme apices of posterior tibiae, whole of
anterior tarsi, and posterior tarsi from apex of the first joint, black.
Halteres luteous. Wings brown cinereous, yellow before the first
longitudinal vein, stigma and veins dark brown, with an appendix
(!), first posterior cell at apex subdilated. Loew, Wien. Entom.
Monatschr., ti, p. 104. This species is not known to me.

Tabanus chrysurus, 2 , Loew.
Wien. Entom. Monatschr., ii, p. 1035 (1858); Portschinsky,

Horae Soc. Entom. Ross., xxvi, p. 202 (1891) ; Coquillet, Proc. U.
States Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 309 (1898).

238 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL.1V,

2 Atylotus pyrrhoceras, 2, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Entom. France
(6), vii, Bullet. Ixxvii (1887).

Tabanus buddha, ° , Portschinsky, Horae Soc. Entom. Ross.,
xxi, 181 [Budda] (1887) ; 1d., xxvi, p. 202 (1891).

Black brown. Eyes naked. Antennae broad, ferruginous
red ; palpi luteous, with reddish yellow hairs ; face, forehead and
dorsum of thorax with reddish yellow hairs ; abdomen with reddish
yellow and reddish yellow haired segmentations, the posterior
segments wholly reddish yellow haired ; femora black-brown, the
apices yellowish; tibiae yellow, the anterior pair blackish at the
apex, anterior tarsi black, the posterior one dark yellow ; wings
brown. Length of body 92 lines, of wings 8% lines.

Black-brown, but not wholly dark. Head with reddish yellow
pubescence. Eyes naked. Antennae ferruginous red, the first
joint arched (fornicatus), the third broad, the broad joints with
short black hairs. Palpi yellow, clothed with very short reddish
yellow hairs. Forehead narrow, the callus oblong below, continued
upwards as a long stripe. Thorax on dorsum reddish yellow haired,
more frequently with hairs intermixed towards the posterior
margin. Scutellum with black hairs. Pleurae the same. Abdo-
men black-brown, anteriorly with short black hairs, the posterior
margin of the first segment dull reddish yellow, at the sides reddish
yellow haired, the posterior margins of the remaining segments
reddish yellow and with reddish yellow pubescence ; with the fourth
segment almost wholly and the following ones wholly reddish yellow
haired ; under side black-brown, with short black pubescence, with
ali the segmentations except the first one reddish yellow, and with
pale reddish yellow pubescence. Femora brownish black with black
hairs, the apices yellowish and with ferruginous hairs, the tibiae
luteous, with pale yellow hairs, the anterior ones with blackish
apex and ferruginous pubescence; anterior tarsi brown-black, the
posterior ones dullluteous. Halteres black-brown. Wings brown,
the first longitudinal vein yellowish, the third one with no appendix,
stigma hardly distinct, the discal cell longer than is usual in most
large European species. From Japan. Loew, Wien. Entomol.
Monatschr., 1i, p. 103, 5.

Labanus buddha is recorded from Chinese Mongolia and des-
cribed in Latin in Horae Soc. Entom. Ross., xxi, and the following
was published in the twenty-sixth volume in Russian, the transla-
tion of which I procured through a friend from Mr. Aylmer
Maude:

‘“ The well-known dipterologist V. v. Réder, in a_ private
letter among other things, kindly informed me that in his opinion,
the above-named. species described by me, is no other than the
Tabanus chrysurus described by Loew from Japan. ‘There is not
the least doubt of the great resemblance of the two species ; yet it
seems to me certain, nevertheless, that they are different species.
Not having a Tabanus chrysurus at hand, I can only point out the
differences between the two species ; basing myself on a comparison
of my specimens of the Tabanus buddha, with Loew’s description

Igit.| G. RicaRDO: Reviston of the spectes of Tabanus. 239

of the Labanus chrysurus. ‘The chief difference is that the basal
joints of the antennae of the Tabanus chrysurus are covered with
short black hairs, the frontal callus is oblong and stretches upwards
in the form of an elongated stripe ; the thighs are of a brownish
black, and the front tibiae blackish at the ends, the front metatarsus
brownish black, and the discal cell of the wings is longer than that
of large species of the European Tabanus.

The basal joints of the antennae of Zabanus buddha are quite
bare ; the frontal callus of the forehead is quite round, and does
not extend upwards at all, all the legs are of a reddish yellow, only the
thighs at the base are vellow-brown, and the discal cell of the wings
does not ditfer from that of large species of our Tabanus.’’

These small differences hardly seem sufficient to keep Jabanus
buddha as a distinct species, the lighter colour of the femora may
perhaps allow it to be considered as the Chinese subform of Tabanus
chrysurus.

Coquillet records seven specimens from Japan. In Brit. Mus.
coll. are females from Yokohama District (Prior), and Hakodate,
Japan (Fletcher); and in Kertesz coll. from Japan.

The frontal callus is large, reddish brown, shining, club-
shaped, the linear extension usually short, rather stout, or nearly
non-existent. The forehead about five times as long as it is broad,
almost parallel. The legs in all of the specimens have the femora
black, reddish yellow at their apices, in some the apices of fore
tibiae are hardly darker, or very slightly so. Length 25—30 mm.

Atylotus pyrrhoceras was described from one female from
north of Yeso, Japan; judging from the description it is probably
a denuded example of Tabanus chrysurus, which is distantly related
to Tabanus barbarus, Coq., which occurs in $. Europe and N. Africa,
but easily distinguished from it by the wholly yellow-haired abdo-
minal apex, by the yellow beard and darker femora. Tabanus
auricinctus, Macq., Dipt.exot.,i (1), p. 134, pl. xvii, fig. 2, described
from the islands of the Indian Ocean, is apparently a synonym of
Tabanus barbarus, asgiven by Pandellé in Revue d’Entom., i, p.
201, i (1883), the older specimen is recorded from South Europe
and N. Africa, and has therefore an extended range if Macquart’s
locality is correct, which appears doubtful from the absence of any
specimens in the collections from the Oriental Region which I have
had access to (see ante, p. 491).

Tabanus cordiger, Meig.

Syst. Beschreib., ii, p. 47 (1820),—see Kertesz’s Cat. 1906 for
full references.

In Brit. Mus. coll. four temales and two headless specimens
from Japan (Dr. Miyajima, 1909). ‘The subcallus is almost entirely
black, shining, perhaps from denudation as the insects suffered
much damage on the journey; otherwise they are identical
with European specimens. ‘This species has thus a very wide

240 Records of the Indian Museum. | Vorsine

distribution over Europe and Asia, having previously been recorded
from Asia Minor.

Tabanus hirticeps, 2°, Loew. (Therioplectes.)
Wien. Entom. Monatschr., 11, p. 105 (1858).

From Japan.

Ashy grey. Thorax white striped. Abdomen marked with
a double series of ashy greyish spots. Eyes hairy. Antennae
black, the third joint brown, apex black. Forehead wide, the
lower callus duplicated, large, the middle one smaller, tuberculated,
the third wart-like at the vertex, all black. Legs black, tibiae
brown. Wings ashy greyish, stigma and veins black brownish, no
appendix. Length of body 6 lines. Length of wing 54 lines.

Face white ashy grey, with white hairs. Palpi ashy greyish,
clothed with longer white and black hairs. Antennae curved, the
basal joints black, the first arched a little, the third joint brown,
at apex black, wide, above angulated, the angle obtuse. Fore-
head very wide, ashy grey ; lower callus duplicated, the anterior
part wider-and contiguous to antennae, upper part filling the whole
width of the forehead, middle callus smaller, remote from margin
of eyes, less smooth, below tuberculated, vertical callus minute,
wart-like. Eyes hairy. Thorax and abdomen very much denuded,
blackish, but with traces of whitish grey pollinose and ashy grey
colouring, stripes of thorax whiter. Abdomen with double series
ashy grey spots, the median stripe of abdomen composed of hardly
apparent triangular spots. Hairs of thorax white, mixed with
black at base of wings. Posterior margin of abdominal segments
dull white. Legs black, tibiae brown, toward apices blackish,
femora mostly white haired, tibiae black haired, the posterior ones
at base white haired, tarsi black haired. Halteres black. Wings
somewhat ashy grey, transverse veins very slightly shaded with
brown, stigma and veins dull brown, no appendix. Loew, Wien.
Entom. Monatschr., ii, p. 105.

This species is not known to me.

Tabanus humilis, ? , Coquillet.

Proc, U.S, Nat. Mus:; so0l, 311 (1808):

Female from Japan, differs from Tabanus trigonus, as follows :

Head above antennae yellow and brightly polished, antennae
wholly reddish yellow, the tooth of the third joint very small, hairs
of the palpi mixed white and black, those of the occiput, lower side
of the head and on the pleurae, white. Scutellum noticeably
lighter grey than the mesonotum. Abdomen somewhat polished,
black, marked with grey as in ¢vigonus, the median triangles ex-
tremely small on the last two segments ; venter black, light grey
pruinose. Extreme apices of the middle and hind tibiae brownish
black. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow, base of anterior branch
of the third longitudinal vein not appendiculate, first posterior cell

IgtI.]_ G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 241

not narrowed at its apex. Length 12-13 mm., two specimens.
Coquillet, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxi, 311.
This small species with shining subcallus is not known to me.

Tabanus japonicus, 9? , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 632 (1892). [Dzchoelacera. |
Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xiv, p. 368 (1904).

Antennae yellowish, the apex black; palpi yellowish; eyes
tomentose ; forehead grey, callus narrow, elongated, black ; beard
white; thorax and scutellum black, with scattered yellowish tomen-
tum, sides with yellowish grey hairs, abdomen reddish yellow, the
base of the segments tinted with reddish brown, those of the last
ones blackish; legs black, tibiae yellowish ; wings almost hyaline,
the outer border tinged pale yellow, stigma pale reddish. 15 mm.
From Japan, one specimen. Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v,
p. 632. I have not seen any specimens of this species, which ap-
parently has eyes hairy, and may possibly belong to the subgenus
Atylotus.

Tabanus lama, 2? , Portsch.

Horae Soc. Entom. Ross.
(eyes).

Spel p20 by (LOOn). ply 1, fig... ¥

From Chinese Mongolia.

Oblong, ovate, luteous. Eyes naked, ornamented with four
bands, the middle ones dark purple with red margins. Head with
white tomentum and hairs. Forehead grey, callus subquadrate,
black, shining. Antennae luteous, the third joint testaceous, at
apex darker. Palpi white and with white hairs. Thorax black,
white pruinose with four dark grey stripes. Scutellum black, white
or grey pruinose. Abdomen luteous, each segment in the middle
with a white triangular spot girdled on each side with an oblique
black line and with two small black side spots, under side and all legs
wholly luteous, all hairs of abdomen white or whitish, only the last
segment of abdomen at apex clothed with some black hairs. Wings
subhyaline, shining white, nervures pale ferruginous with a long
appendix. 45—6 mm. Portsch., Horae Soc. Entom. Ross., xxvi,
Dp: 20D.

This species is not known to me,

Tabanus pulchriventris, 2? , Portsch. (Therioplectes.)

Horae Soc. Entom. Ross., xxi, p. 179 (1887).

From Etschjin-Choro, Chinese Mongolia.

In size, stature and colour of body this species is similar to
Tabanus tropicus, but is easily distinguished frem it by the abdomen
being entirely and densely covered with long fine red golden hairs,
brown palpi, etc.

Black, with rather long pubescence. Head black, ashy grey
pruinose, underneath with white beard, round eyes with spare
black pubescence. Frontal stripe rather wide, ashy grey, and with
black hairs on vertex. Frontal callus not large, subrotund, black,

242 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV’,

continued as a narrow black line. Eyes shortly but distinctly pale
haired, with three bands ; ocelligerous tubercle small.- Palpi brown,
on apical half narrow with obtuse apex, above and a little below
channelled, on basal half incrassate, and at base with proboscis
with rather long black hairs. Antennae black, basal joints with
rather long black hairs, second joint wholly, and third at base,
widely red, third joint at base with no tooth. Thorax black with
rather long black pubescence and numerous yellow hairs intermixed.
Pleurae long and densely covered with snowy or white hairs. Scutel-
lum black with rather long yellow pubescence. Abdomen black,
the three first segments widely yellow at sides and all densely
covered with red golden hairs, under side black, each segment in the
middle black haired, but at apex narrowly margined with yellow
hairs. Wings subinfuscate, darker round the transverse veins,
stigma brown. Squamae ashy grey, margined with brown. Hal-
teres brown. Legs black and black haired. Tibiae yellow testaceous
with yellow hairs, and apex with tarsi brown or darker. Length
7 mim “Portsch.. Horace sete. ps k70:
This species is not known to me.

Tabanus pusillus, @ , Macq.

Dipt: CxOtl (Ch) p.13 (ko 38)

Black. Antennae red. Abdomen with yellow hairs.

Legs red. Length 4% lines, ?.

Palpi of a pale yellow. Face and forehead brownish grey ;
the latter with a black roundish callus. Antennae fawn coloured.
Thorax black, denuded ; a brownish spot on each side. Abdomen
black, with yellow hairs; segmentations fawn coloured. Legs
fawn coloured. WHalteres yellow. Wings a little yellowish, pale
yellow at base and on outer border.

From China: Museum, Macq., Dipt. exot.,1(1), p. 131.

Type @ in very bad preservation seen by me in Paris Museum.

A small species with clear wings, the veins yellow. Legs
wholly yellow. Abdomen apparently dark brown with yellowish
pubescence. Eyes apparently bare. Lorehead with only one
callus, nearly square, not reaching eyes, no linear extension, the
same width throughout, about four times as long as it is wide.
Antennae yellow. Face hairy. Beard white. Palpfi slender, a
little stout at base with a slender point and rather long black hairs.

I have not found any specimens identical with this species.
There is another 7. pusillus named by Macquart from New Holland.
This is left for the present in the Palaearctic Region, but as only
‘“ China ’’ is given, it may belong to the Oriental Region.

Tabanus tataricus, 2 , Portsch.

Horae Soc. Entom. Ross., xxi, p. 178 (1887).
From Btschan, Central Asia; Mt. Altai,—see Verrall, British
Flies, v, p. 10, 1909.

1g1I.} G. Rrcarpo: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 243

Related to 1 abanus astur, Erichs.

Body ovate, black with rather long and dense pubescence.
Head comparatively rather small, ashy coloured, pruinose and with
the wide frontal stripe long and densely pale yellow haired. Fore-
head above antennae and the narrow band below, each side of eyes,
black, shining. Frontal callus black, shining, short (but equal in
width to the front), eyes shortly but distinctly yellow haired with
three wide bands, ocelligerous tubercle small. Palpiblack and black
haired, with apex moderately acute.

Antennae reddish brown, at base black haired, the third joint
at base with no tooth, brown testaceous, apex and upper side
more or less widely black. Thorax, pleurae, breast and scutellum
all wholly black with long and densely yellowish (shining white)
hairs. Abdomen short, wide, ovate, stout, black, the three first
segments at sides fulvous, the fourth with golden or reddish hairs,
with shining luteous rather long and dense pubescence, the other
segments with luteous pubescence ; under side black, shining, the
last segments alone with very narrow pale incisions, the first seg-
ments mostly with black incisions, the three last alone luteous
haired. Wings subhyaline, stigma brown, all veins black, middle
transverse veins clouded, the third vein with an appendix, clouded
at its base, halteres brown, apices white. Squamae ashy coloured,
margined with white. Femora all black and black haired, anterior
tibiae yellow, anterior half and tarsi brown, intermediate tibiae
and tarsi and all posterior ones wholly yellow with white hairs.
G7 -) sPactseh; Horace setc..p. 178.

This species apparently differs fron. Tabanus astury which was
described from Siberia in the absence of the small tooth, the frontal
callus being black, not grey, the thorax and abdomen more yel-
low haired, the femora black haired instead of yellow haired, the
wings subhyaline, not black-brown.

It must be nearly allied to Tabanus pulchriventris, described
on the next page by the author, from Chinese Mongolia.

Tabanus tenebrosus, ° , Coquillet.

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, p. 310 (1898) ( mec Walker).

Female. Differs from Tabanus trigonus asfollows. Head above
the antennae yellowish grey, pruinose, tooth of third joint of
antennae very small, hairs of occiput, of under side of the head and
on the pleurae, white.

Abdomen opaque, black, sometimes a reddish spot on sides of
the second segment, wholly greyish pruinose, the median triangles,
posterior and lateral margins of segments 2-6 a lighter grey than the
remainder of the abdomen, the darker markings consist principally
of pairs of spots bordering the median triangles ; venter black,
brownish grey pruinose in the middle, the sides a lighter grey.
Wings hyaline, stigma pale yellowish. Length 18—20 mm.

Four specimens from Japan.

244 Records of the Indian Museum. (HE VOL, 2Ve

This name is preoccupied by a Walker species from India.

The species is very probably the same as the specimens I have
identified from Japan as Tabanus cordiger, Mg., but the description
is too short to make a decision possible.

Tabanus yao, 2, Macquart.

Dipt. exot., v, p. 44 (1855).

Tabanus confuctus, @ , Macquart, /.c., p. 46.

Tabanus irugonus, 2 , Coquillet, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi,
p. 309 (1898). (Japanese subform.)

? Alylotus rufidens, 9° , Bigot, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (6)
vii, Bullet. Ixxviii (1887). | Atylotus. |

Both the Macquart types in Mr. Verrall’s coll. are from N.
China, and with them are a series of females from Japan which
are almost identical and may perhaps be considered as the Japanese
subform 7. trigonus.

In Brit. Mus. coll. are females from Wei Hai Wei, China
(Muat), “* biting horses;’’ and from Shanghai; and males from
China (Walker coll.), and males and females from Japan (T. trigonus).

Black. Thorax with ashy grey pubescence. Abdomen blackish,
with dorsal white spots and red segmentations. Antennae red with
the apices black. Legs red. Wings with an appendix.

Length g lines,2. Palpi yellow. Beard white. Face with
white tomentum, sides with yellow tomentum. Forehead anteriorly
with white tomentum, then with yellowish grey tomentum ; an-
terior callus testaceous, prolonged by a black line. Antennae
yellow; the last four divisions of the third joint black, this joint
with the usual tooth. Eyes naked. Thorax with ashy grey tomen-
tum, and yellow hairs. Abdomen blackish, with dorsal triangular
spots of a greyish white tomentum, as well as the posterior borders
of the segments at the sides; sides of the three first sometimes of
brownish yellow ; under side yellow; the three last segments blackish
with yellow posterior borders. Legs yellow, anterior coxae with
yellow hairs. Wings a little yellowish, veins normal with the
exception of the appendix. From N. China. M. Bigot. This
Tabanus resembles T. confucius strongly ; and as I have only ob-
served males in this latter and females in the former, it appears
that they belong to the same species. However the appendix,
which is not found in 7. yao, is a character that we have never
observed to be sexual, and this determines us to consider these
two species as distinct. Macq., Dipt. exot., v, p. 44.

On page 46 Macquart gives the description of Tabanus confu-
ctus, as follows :—

Black. Thorax with white stripes. Abdomen with the sides
and segmentations testaceous. Antennae red with the apices black.
Legs red.

Length 8 lines, ». Palpi brownish, the last joint oval. Beard
yellow. Face with white tomentum, sides with yellow tomentum.

)

Igit.} G. Ricardo: Revision of the spectes of Tabanus. 245

Forehead anteriorly with white tomentum, sometimes traversed
longitudinally by a brownish stripe. Antennae yellow, the last four
divisions of the third joint black, this joint with the usual tooth.
Eyes naked. ‘Thorax with indistinct yellowish grey tomentose
stripes ; sides with grey tomentum and yellow hairs ; a small black
stripe sometimes indistinct ; breast with whitish tomentum and hairs.
Abdomen: the testaceous sides reach more or less towards the mid-
dle, sometimes only leaving a black dorsal mark on the second and
third segments ; the last four segments with their posterior borders
of a bright red testaceous ; with a posterior yellow edging ; under
side testaceous ; the three last segments black, with a testaceous pos-
terior border. Legs of a dull testaceous ; anterior coxae pale, with
yellow hairs; posterior tibiae brownish on the posterior side.
Wings almost clear, a little brownish on the outer border ; veins
normal, as those of 7. bovinus.

From N. China. M. Bigot.

A large species allied to Tabanus bovinus, L., but distinguished
from it by the larger tooth of the antennae which are bright reddish
yellow, usually black at the apex, and by the wholly yellow legs.
2. Abdomen reddish yellow with apex blackish, and a large median
series of grey tomentose, triangular spots on a black median stripe
and grey tomentose segmentations, the anterior borders of segments
are toa great extent reddish brown ; under side almost wholly yellow.
Legs yellow, but the tarsi reddish brown. Wengs often tinged with
brown along the veins, or nearly clear. Forehead very slightly
narrowed anteriorly, about eight times as long as it is narrow.
Frontal callus pear-shaped, large, hardly touching the eyes with
a linear extension. Palpi reddish yellow, long, aimost the same
size throughout. Length 24 mm.

‘This species may be considered as the Chinese form of Tabanus
bovinus.

Tabanus confucius,* , Macquart, type (male), was distinguished
from this species by the absence of an appendix to wing, which
of course is not a trustworthy character, some of the specimens in
Brit. Mus. coll. possess one and some have none ; I believe the male
type of confuctus is the same species as Tabanus yao but so denuded
that the black median stripe is not covered with the triangular
median grey spots, though traces of them can be seen. Tabanus
trigonus, Coq., is identical, with the exception of the colouring of the
legs, with the Macquart species, and can only be considered as a sub-
form so far peculiar to Japan. Abdomen darker. The femora and
coxae are blackish or reddish brown with grey tomentum and
bright yellow pubescence on the coxae and under part of femora,
on the upper sides of the latter it is shorter and black, tibiae yel-
low, appearing blackish at apices owing to the thick black pubes-
cence which elsewhere is largely yellow, tarsi blackish with black
pubescence.

Atylotus rufidens, Bigot, may possibly be a denuded specimen
of the subform ¢ryigonus, described from one female, collected north
of Yeso, Japan.

246 Records of the Indian Museum. FVOL.AEV;

Tabanus yokoamensis, ? , Bigot.
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 678 (1892).

Antennae black, base of the third segment reddish, this last
joint very concave above with a projecting tooth ; palpi very pale
yellow ; face and beard white ; forehead grey, callus black, narrow,
pointed above, much enlarged below and nearly square, on the
vertex is a very indistinct tubercle and no ocelli ; thorax blackish
with three wide greyish indistinct stripes ; scutellum blackish ;
sides grey with grey hairs; the two first segments of abdomen grey,
with a large blackish spot on each side, the others black narrowly
bordered reddish, squamae whitish bordered with brown, halteres
yellow, the club brown with its apex whitish ; legs black, base of
tibiae widely whitish ; wings almost hyaline, stigma pale yellowish.

Var.? Abdomen black with a dorsal stripe formed of triangular
greyish spots, smaller in size.

I place this species in the genus Tabanus (proprie dictus) but
with some doubts, owing to the very mediocre development of the
vertical tubercle. Length 14 or 17mm. Yokohama, Japan, three
specimens, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 678 (1892).

This type and species is unknown to me.

SPECIES OF TABANUS FROM PERSIA, TURKESTAN,
AFGHANISTAN, BALUCHISTAN, ASIA MINOR
AND SYRIA.

The following is a list of the species with all synonyms from
the above localities in the Palaearctic Region, including three new
species here described. Tabanus infuscatus, Loew=apricus, Mg.,
Tabanus fulvicornis = montanus, Mg., var.,and Tabanus bromius, L.,
are given on the authority of Bigot who inserts them in a Cata-
logue of species of Tabanus from N. Persia and Caucasus, in Ann.
soc. Ent. France (5),-x, p: 140:(1880)-

Tabanus abazus, 2, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), x,
p. 146 (1880), was described from two specimens as black, with some
greyish reflections. Eyes hairy. Antennae black. Frontal callus
cordiform with linear extension. Abdomen with segmentations
narrowly white and three series small indistinct grey spots. Legs
black, tibiae pale testaceous. ? Persia, Caucasus.

Tabanus niveipalpis, 2 , Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 645
(1892) [Atylotus], described from one specimen from ? Persia. Eyes
naked. Abdomen blackish with the segmentations narrowly yellow-
ish, and a large oval spot on the sides of second and third segment
reddish vellow. Legs blackish, anterior tibiae whitish, the apices
black, the other tibiae testaceous white. Wings hyaline. Length
12mm. Bigot used this name later for a species from the Cape of
Good Hope which is however a synonym of Tabanus albilinea, W1k.

Tabanus canipalpis, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool, France, v, p. 649
(1892) [Atylotus], from Persia was described from one specimen.
Abdomen black with yellowish segmentations and red on the first
two segments. Length Ir mm.

Igit.}| G. RICARDO: Revtsion of the species of Tabanus. 247

Tabanus polyzonatus, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 648
(1892) [Atylotus|, from Persia. Abdomen black with three series
greyish spots and segmentations greyish. Length 17 mm.

These types are not known to me.

Tabanus glaber, Bigot, polygonus and pulverifer, Wik., sabule-
torum and quadrifarius, Loew, not included in Brauer’s monograph
of species of Palaearctic Region, are therefore given here, with the
descriptions of the four new species, one from Japan, one from
Perso-Baluchistan Frontier, one from Cyprus and Persia and one
from Persia.

TABANUS abazus, Bigot (? Atylotus).
adjacens, n. sp.
alexandrinus, Wied.
apricus, Mg.
autumunalis, L.
bifarius, Loew (Atylotus).
bromius, L.
canipalpis, Bigot.
cordiger, Mg.
cyanops, Brauer.
cyprianus, n. sp.
decorus, Loew (Therioplectes).
eggeri, Schiner.
fulvicornts = montanus, Mg., var.
gigas, Herst. (Atylotus).
glaber, Bigot.
graecus, F.
infuscatus, Loew = apricus, Mg.
ispahanicus, Rond. [aspahanicus] = spectabilis, Loew.
lunatus, Fabr. (Atylotus).
montanus, Mg., var.
muhlfeldi, Brauer (Therioplectes).
miyajima, n. sp.
nigrita, Fabr.
niveipalpis, Bigot. ? Persia.
persis, n. sp.
polyzonatus, Bigot.
polygonus, Walker.
pulchellus,’ Loew.
pulverifer, Walker.
quadrifarius, Loew (? Atylotus).
sabuletorum, Loew (? Atylotus).
solstitialis, Mg.
spectabilis, Loew.
tricolor, Zell. (Atylotus).
umbrinus, Mg. (Atylotus).
unifasciatus, Loew.

| Occurs also in Algeria, see Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Xvi, p. 200 (1905),

248 Records of the Indian. Museum. {[VoyL. IV!

Tabanus adjacens, ¢ , 0. sp.

Five females. Co-types from Perso-Baluchistan Frontier in
Indian Museum coll.

A small species with reddish yellow or yellow abdomen and a
large broad black median stripe, yellowish legs and antennae.
Forehead with two small callosities. Length 8}—10 mm.

Face brown covered with grey tomentum. Beard very scanty,
white. Palpi whitish, large and nearly the same width throughout.
Antennae vellow, the third joint with little more than an angle,
broad at base. Forehead parallel, about three and a half times as
long asit is broad, the frontal callus small, heart-shaped, not reaching
the eyes, the median one about the same size, irregular in shape,
both reddish brown. Forehead and subcallus same colour as face.
Thorax shining black, no trace of stripes, but with thick grey
tomentum on the anterior border, and on sides which are yellowish.
Breast blackish covered with grey tomentum. Scutellum black.
Abdomen bare, shining, reddish yellow, the broad black median
stripe with irregular lateral borders, frequently extending on the
posterior borders of segments to the sides of abdomen as narrow
segmentations, and on the last three segments occupying their
whole surface with the exception of the sides ; under side yellowish.
Legs yellowish, the fore tibiae at apices, and fore tarsi brown. Wangs
very hyaline, the veins brown, yellow on the fore border and at
base, with a long appendix, the stigma vellow. None of the speci-
mens are in good condition and are probably denuded.

Tabanus cyprianus, @ | n. sp.

’

Type ¢ from Kelopside, Cyprus (Dr. G. A. Williamson), and
two females frotn Seistan, Persia (A. S. Leese); these last in the
Howlett coll., with label ‘‘ from horse, very common.’’

This species Atylotus-like in the shape of head, though no hairs
are visible on eyes with a lens, does not appear to have been des-
cribed betore, though it may be related to Tabanus agricola, Wied. ;
it is related to the group containing Afylotus ditaeniatus, fulvus,
rusticus, latistriatus and fuscipes.

Seistan is a province in Eastern Persia bordering Afghanistan,
so that the species presumably has a wide range.

A small yellowish grey species with clear wings, yellow legs and
antennae, broad forehead with two small callosities, abdomen yellow-
ish at base and on segmentations, covered with grey tomentum and
with four series small black spots. Length 12-13 mm.

Face covered with greyish white tomentum and with white
pubescence. Beard white. Palpi yellowish white with white pubes-
cence, almost straight, not so curved as usual, stouter at base
ending in a point. Antennae pale yellow, the third joint more
reddish yellow, the first two joints with chiefly white hairs, but a
few black ones are visible, first joint small, not cap-shaped, second
very small, third with hardly any tooth but only an angle, broad at

Igti.] G. Ricarpo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 249

base for its size. Horehead and subcallus same colour as face, the
former about four and a half times as long as it is broad, parallel,
the frontal callus small, square or oval, not reaching eyes, the median
one smaller, both shining, mahogany-brown, hind part of head with
white hairs, pubescence on forehead scanty, yellowish. Eyes with
no bands.

Thorax, scutellum and abdomen blackish but covered with grey
tomentum appearing greyish, and clothed with short yellowish or
white pubescence, some black hairs on shoulders. Abdomen reddish
yellow on sides of first two segments, and segmentations the same
colour, hardly appearing so in the type, owing to the pubescence,
four round black dots appear on the fore border of each segment
except the last one ; under side a little paler with same pubescence,
the black spots not present. Legs pale reddish yellow, apices
of fore tibiae and tarsi blackish brown, the other tarsi brownish,
pubescence on coxae and femora white. on tibiae mixed white and
black, and on tarsi black. Wangs clear, veins brown, stigma pale
yellow, long appendix present.

Tabanus eggeri, Schiner.

Reise Novara Dipt., 81 (1868).

Tabanus intermedius, Egg., Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, ix,
389 (1859); Brauer, Denkschr. Akad. Wien, xlii, 182, 42, pls. iii
and vi, fig. 42 (1880); Gobert, Mem. Soc. Linn. Nord. France,

, 6 (1881); Pandellé, Revue d’Entomol., ii, 202, 4 (1883).

This species is as yet only recorded from South Europe, Egypt
and Asia Minor.

Two females in Mr. Howlett’s coll. identified as this species
from Seistan, Persia, ‘* on horse, uncommon’’ (A. S. Leese).

The males have the first posterior cell open, not narrowed,
the females have it closed or very considerably narrowed, in these
specimens the latter is the case.

Tabanus glaber, @ , Bigot.
(Plesxivy, fo2i ae)
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 678 (1892).

Type 2 from Afghanistan (in description India is given) in Brit.
Mus. coll. Six females from Helmund, Afghanistan, Indian Bound-
ary Commission (Aitchison), 1889, and another female labelled T.
glaber in Bigot’s handwriting from Afghanistan, in Indian Museum
coll. These appear to have been the original series of specimens
from which Bigot made his type, all having a small yellow-papered
‘“g’’ attached to them.

One 2 in Brit. Mus. coll. from Kashgar, I. ‘Turkestan (Lansdell),
1889, and two 2 from Seistan, Persia, in Howlett coll., °* taken from
horse’’; these are identical though the-frontal callus differs a little
from that of type. This species does not appear to have been

250 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL IV;

described under any other name among the Palaearctic species to
which Region it belongs.

A species easily recognised by the broad black stripe on the
red abdomen, with the thorax black, the wings clear, the antennae
black, the legs black, the tibiae reddish yellow.

Length type 14 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum and with white pubescence.
Beard white. Palpi pale yellow, almost devoid of pubescence,
with only a little short white pubescence, and an occasional black
hair, large, ending in a fairly long apex. Antennae wholly black.
Forehead of medium breadth, narrower anteriorly, about five times
as long as it is wide at its narrowest point, covered with grey tomen-
tum and with a few white hairs at vertex. Frontal callus blackish
brown, square, reaching the eyes, at a short distance beyond it
appears a spindle-shaped callus in the middle of forehead, united
posteriorly to a broader irregular shaped callus on the vertex.
Eyes with cross-bands. Thorax with grey tomentum, stripes hardly
distinct, shoulders reddish, pubescence on dorsum consists of black
hairs with some scattered pale yellowish hairs intermixed.

Abdomen: the black stripe almost entirely covers the first seg-
ment, on the next three segments it is about a third of the width
of abdomen, and on the remaining segments almost entirely covers
them, leaving only their sides and narrow segmentations red ;
under side reddish, the stripe not so well marked, the pubescence on
dorsum black with some yellow hairs, and grey tomentum on the
red parts. Legs black, the knees of femora and the tibiae pale yellow
or reddish yellow, the apices of fore tibiae black. Wangs clear, veins
and stigma yellowish brown, the first posterior cell slightly narrowed
at its opening.

Tabanus miyajima, 7 o, n. sp.

Type (male) from Japan (Miss Pascoe’s coll.), 1896. Co-types,
four females from Tokio, 1909, and Japan sent by Dr. Miyajima
in a small collection of Japanese Diptera to the British Museum ;
unfortunately the collection was much damaged by the journey, but
these females are sufficiently well preserved and of such a striking,
easily distinguished appearance, as to justify their description as
a new species.

2. A black species, the abdomen with whitish-haired bands,
most prominent on the fourth and fifth segments where they are
produced in the middle as triangular spots; scutellum grey. Legs
black, the tibiae largely yellowish white. Wings with all posterior
cells widely open. Frontal callus club-shaped with stout linear
extension. Length of male 18 mm., of females 18-19 mm.

The species has a general resemblance to Tabanus significans,
n. sp., of the Oriental Region.

Face covered with greyish tomentum and with some silvery
white pubescence, the sides of cheeks and the subcallus and centre
of face immediately round base of antennae covered with yellowish
brown tomentum, the hairs on sides of cheeks short, brown. Beard

1g1t.| . G. Ricardo: Revision of the specics of Tabanus. 251

silvery white. Palpi obscurely reddish, with some grey tomentum
and with thick black pubescence, stout, ending in an obtuse point.

Antennae incomplete, the first two joints dull red with black
pubescence. Forehead narrow, about seven times as long as it is
broad, very slightly narrower anteriorly, black, with greyish
tomentum, and some black hairs, the frontal callus brownish black,
club-shaped, a little protuberant, long, stout, not quite reaching the
eyes, prolonged in a stout short linear extension. Thorax black,
with grey tomentum, disposed as indistinct stripes, pubescence
sparse, black, with some appressed fulvous hairs intermixed, shoul-
ders with longer black hairs, at base of wings some tufts of white
hairs. Scutellum thickly covered with grey tomentum and with
some white pubescence on its outer border. Breast black, covered
with grey tomentum and with white pubescence. Abdomen black,
the first segment with only some white hairs at sides, the second
and third with indistinct grey tomentose narrow bands on their
posterior borders, silvery white hairs only on the sides, the fourth
with a wider one, covered with silvery white pubescence extending
in the middle as a short triangle not reaching the anterior border,
on the fifth a broad median white-haired spot ; the dorsum is covered
elsewhere with close black pubescence ; under side black, covered
with grey tomentum and short silvery white pubescence, the last
three segments blackish without the lighter tomentum and pubes-
cence. Legs black, the fore tibiae on their basal half, the other
tibiae on their basal two-thirds yellowish white ,the pubescence whitish
on fore coxae, on femora black with white hairs intermixed on under
side chiefly, on pale parts of tibiae white, on their dark parts and on
all tarsi black. Wings hyaline, very slight traces of brown shading
on the cross-veins, stigma and veins brown, no appendix.

#7. Male is browner, the abdomen conical brownish black,
not so thickly covered with black pubescence, scutellum brownish
like the thorax with rather thick brownish pubescence. Legs with
wholly black pubescence, the fore tibiae only yellowish white on
their basal third. Face brown with brownish black pubescence,
the palpi brownish with black hairs. Beard blackish. Antennae
brownish black, the third joint long, slender, with a fairly prominent
tooth at base. Eyes large, convex, with large facets on their upper
surface reaching to the middle of the frontal triangle, the small
ones occupying the lower part and continued as a narrow border
to the vertex.

Tabanus persis, , n. sp.
(Pl, xive fig. 24.)

Type male and female from Seistan, Persia, on the Afghanistan
frontier, in Mr. Howlett’s coll., and others from same locality. The
females are labelled by the collector, A. S. Leese, as taken off camels
or horses and common, the males as uncommon and taken off
horse, and off gauze door.

This species, Atylotus-like in the shape of head though no hairs
are to be discovered on the eyes with a lens, does not appear to

252 Records of the Indian Museum. {[Vor. IV,

have been described before; it has a general resemblance to Atylotus
rusticus, I,., but is distinguished from it by the shape of frontal
callosities and by its black antennae.

A small species with greyish black abdomen reddish at sides
of first two segments, clear wings, yellow legs, broad forehead with
two transverse callosities, and black antennae. Length o type
I2mm., ? type 13 mm., other females 13—15 mm.

Face covered with whitish tomentum and thick silvery white
pubescence, with a yellowish brown band above between the
antennae and eyes. Palpi stout, short, ending in a point, white with
white pubescence. Beard silvery white. Antennae black, a character
which distinguishes it from other species of the same group, the
first two joints with some greyish brown tomentum and black hairs,
the third joint broader at base but with hardly a perceptible tooth,
only an angle, with some grey tomentum on the basal part of joint.
Subcallus and forehead covered with greyish tomentum, the latter
hardly three times as long as it is broad, and a third narrower
anteriorly, the frontal callus large, transverse, almost reaching the
eyes, convex, black, shining, with its posterior border towards
vertex irregular, the median callus is the same colour but smaller,
not reaching the eyes, irregular in shape, in the type broken up,
but in others heart-shaped, the pubescence of forehead short, yellow,
scanty, thicker towards the vertex. Eyes with apparently one
band starting from the frontal callus. Thorax blackish covered
with grey tomentum, stripes indistinct. Scutellum the same.
Abdomen narrow, blackish with grey tomentum, the first three
segments reddish yellow at the sides, so that the blackish colour
appears only as a median stripe, on each side round grey tomentose
spots appear, and also as narrow median ones on the black colour, the
segmentations and sides of abdomen reddish yellow, pubescence
white at sides and on segmentations, black at apex, but always
scanty ; under side paler, yellowish, covered with grey tomentum.
Legs yellow, fore tibiae at apex and tarsi blackish, middle tarsi with
the last four joints brown, the posterior tarsi almost wholly brown,
femora with some whitish pubescence. Wangs clear, veins brown,
no appendix or only the root of one, stigma yellow, very narrow
and small.

@. Similar, the thorax and abdomen more pubescent, the former
with yellowish pubescence, the scutellum with long white hairs on
posterior border, the abdomen with chiefly whitish yellow pubescence.

Kyes large, bare, the large facets yellowish, very distinct, the
smaller ones black, continuing to vertex as a narrow border, no
stripe is visible. One male measures 16 mm., the reddish yellow
colour of abdomen is more extended in the males.

Tabanus polygonus, ~ 2? , Walker.

Tast Dipt.,v, Suppl. i, p. 237, 357 (1854); Ricardo, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (7), xvi, p. 201 (1905).

1git.] G. RICARDO: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 253

Male (type) from Bagdad (W. K. Loftus), 50, 105; and another
male from the same locality.

Female (type) from same locality.

The males would come in Brauer’s table near aufumnalis,
spectabilis and rectus. The female, which is much smaller, may
possibly not belong to the same species and has a slight resemblance
in appearance to Atvlotus rusticus, L.

A redescription may prove of use :—

Reddish brown species, with grey median triangular spots
on the abdomen. Eyes bare; no long hairs on the hind part of
the head.

Male. Head large; facets of eyes unequal, sharply divided,
the large facets yellowish, extending over more than half the eyes,
surrounded by a narrow zone of small facets above and a broad
zone on the basal half. Frontal triangle grey, reddish at apex.
Antennae red, with the apex darker ; the third joint with a small
tooth, long and slender, the annulated portion not so long as the
basal joint ; the ocelligerous tubercle small, brown. Face whitish,
with white hairs ; beard white ; palpi white, the second joint oval,
with white pubescence. Thorax blackish, with four grey stripes
and greyish pubescence; the shoulders red; the sides reddish,
with black hairs above and whitish ones below ; scutelium black,
with grey tomentum. Abdomen long and narrow, reddish, with
a row of median grey triangular spots, which on the second and
last segments are surrounded by black margins ; the hind borders
of the segments narrowly white, the pubescence black ; the under
side brighter red, with some irregular black markings. Legs red;
the coxae and femora with longish white hairs ; the tibiae with short
black pubescence on the sides and some whitish yellow hairs on their
flat surfaces ; tarsi with black pubescence, pulvilli yellow. Wings
longer than the abdomen, hyaline, the stigma and veins yellow -;
no appendix.

Length 18 mm., width oi head 5 mm.

Female. Eyes not large, the facets equal, with two bands
(in the male I can see no trace of bands). Frontal callus reddish
brown, almost square, a little wider at its base, nearly touching the
eyes ; frontal stripe grey, forehead parallel, about five times as long
as it is broad, with black markings (probably denuded), the middle
callus being a black stripe not joining the frontal callus ; the vertex
blackish ; no ocelligerous tubercle. Antennae at base red (the rest
wanting). Frontal triangle grey. Face grey, with white hairs;
beard white ; palpi pale yellow, the second joint long and slender,
at the base stouter, gradually tapering to a point, nearly straight,
with a few black hairs. On the abdomen the grey triangular spots
are replaced by a broad stripe of greyish tomentum, the black pubes-
cence is longer, the abdomen not so pointed as in the males. Wings
with the first posterior cell distinctly narrowed at the apex (this
is not the case in the male).

Length 14 mm., width of head 4mm. _ Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7), xvi, p. 201.

254 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

Tabanus pulverifer, 9 ~ , Walker.

List Dipt., v, Suppl. 1,.p:236,,-356 (4654),;. Ricardo, Ann:
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvi, p. 201 (1905).

Male (type) from Turkey in Asia (Loftus).

» Three females from the same locality (co-types) are nearly
related to Tabanus cordiger, Mg., but belong to a distinct species ;
they differ in the following particulars :—

Antennae wholly red, black at the apex. Forehead one-third
narrower anteriorly, about four times as long as it is broad, frontal
callus reddish brown. Coxae and femora reddish yellow, as are the
tibiae, only the anterior tibiae with a brown apex ; tarsi reddish
brown, all with white pubescence. The under side of abdomen has
no median black stripe. The species is much lighter in colour and
slighter in form than cordiger ; the four specimens vary in size from
I2—I4 mm. In the female the band under the eyes is narrow and
vellowish brown. In the male the black hairs on the hind part of
the head are not present ; the under side of the abdomen is reddish,
greyer at the apex. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvi, p. 201.

Tabanus quadrifarius, ? , Loew.

Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturwis., N. F., ix, xliii, p. 414, 3 (1874).
[ Atylotus. ]

From Schahrud, Turkestan.

Near Tabanus bifarius, loew, but ornamented with four black
stripes on abdomen, and with the femora except the grey base easily
distinctly luteous, fore tibiae except the apices and the posterior
wholly, the posterior tarsi at base wholly luteous. Eyes with one
band. Forehead with two black spots. Length 5#—6 lines.
Wings 54—54 lines. Loew, Zeitschr., etc., p. 414.

There are examples of Tabanus bifarius, Loew, in the Brit.
Mus. coll. determined by Dr. Kertesz, from Greece and Hungary;
these (females) have the frontal callus square, yellow, not reaching
the eyes, the middle callus oblong, larger than the frontal callus,
black. The femora wholly blackish, the tibiae yellow, black at
apices, all tarsi blackish.

Presumably Tabanus quadrifarius has likewise two calli on
forehead and probably belongs to the subgenus Atylotus ; there is
one female from Bagdad in Brit. Mus. coll. which may possibly
be this species.

Tabanus sabuletorum, 9? , Loew.

Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Naturwis., N. F., ix, xlili, p. 414, 4 (1874).
[? Atylotus.|

From Schahrud, ‘Turkestan.

Dull whitish, with the thoracic stripes and the scutellum
cinereous. Eyes naked, banded. Forehead very wide, the lower
callus large, the upper one in undenuded specimens irregularly
shaped, black. First joint of antennae whitish, the second red,

tgtt.} G. Ricardo: Revision of the species of Tabanus. 255

the third black, towards the base widely red, above concave but
hardly at all excised. Palpi short, thick, white, and white haired.
Abdomen cinereous, white spotted.

Legs black, femora greyish, knees and tibiae except the apices
pale yellowish. Wings white, hyaline, veins however pale brown,
auxiliary wholly and others towards base of wing dull yellowish
with appendix. Length 5} lines, wings 44 lines. Loew, Zeitschr..,
Cle. Pp. 4l4+

This species is not known to me.

Tabanus spectabilis, ° , Loew.

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, viii, p. 605, 34 (1858).

Tabanus ispahamcus, @, Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
i, p. 300, 8 (1873) [aspahanicus].

Rondani’s type was not labelled, but owing to its striking
appearance, I had no difficulty in recognising the one male specimen
from N. Persia described by Rondani, and have no doubt it is the
male of Tabanus spectabilis, recorded from Europe and Brussa
in Asia Minor. The type @ came from Servia. There are two
females of this species in the Brit. Mus. coll. from Bulgaria.

Sil
te |!
=) —

- a, hye «A i ae ct 5s oe x :
Se

fied TH ia lh i |
eon ating (i an

my Lar ies soit 5 ~ wee ft -
Py : j 2 Se mee Ps a a
, : fhe F ‘Git ite sca fa Li Ne I hraaaeesdets wid ea
ty ie Jeeta tp syirhie oni eT Ona ~ ite AY

= . BaG a si

~ mc Gs Te id aa ah

- =

‘ o
eo MAMAS OARS
: i sé
a iew
iy ’ | ' nh ee ;
ie)
im 4 ~~ = sae i Ti iss
2 a ae aI :
, )
ae ' ? }
'
,
= -
=
-
7
:
7 : a i
i :
- . - = 2
= «

Bellardia sinicus ..
Group I ee

xJ
Introduction

List of oriental speciesof Tabanus
List of species of Tabanus from

Persia, etc.

Tabanus abazus
abbreviatus
abscondens
adjacens ..
agricola ..
albilateralis
albimedius
albocostatus
albofasciatus
alexandrinus
amaenus ..
angusticornis
annamitus
apricus
ardens :
atrohirtus
auriflamma
auristriatus
aurotestaceus
autuninalis
basalis ..
bicallosus ..
bicinctus ..
bifarius
birmanicus
borniensis
bovinus
bromius
brunneus .
brunnipennis
bubali
canipalpis
caerulescens
ceylonicus
chinensis ..
chrysurus
consanguineus
cordiger

INDEX.

Page

170 Tabanus costalis

128
130
133
135
136 |
143
149
1607
188
200
227
1II
231

246
246
153
IOI
248 |
135
230
156
190
146
247

crassus
cyanops
cyprianus
decorus
discrepaus
dissimilis ..
ditaeniatus
dives ;
diversifrons
eggeri
erythrocephalus
explicatus
factiosus ..
felderi
flavicinctus
flavissimus
flaviventris
flavothorax
flexilis
formosiensis
fulvicornis
fulvimedius
fulvissimus
fulvus
fumifer
fumipennis
fuscicauda
fuscicornis
fuscomaculatus
geniculatus
gigas

glaber
graecus
hilaris
hirticeps ..
hirtipalpis
hirtistriatus
hirtus
hoang
humilis.
hybridus ,
ignobilis ..
immanis
incultus
indianus ..
infuscatus
inobservatus
intermedius
ixion
japonicus
javanus
joidus Fi
jucundus ..

258 Index.

Page

Tabanus justorius .. . 192 | Tabanus puteus
khasiensis x 193 quadrifarius
lama ae as 241 tarus
laotianus .. x 226 | rubicundus
leucocnematus ae 131 | rubidus
leucohirtus Se 208 | rufiventris
leucopogon 56 184 | sabuletorum
leucopterus oF 1 36 | sanguineus
leucosparsus 38 187 servillei
lunatus.. afd 247 sexcinctus
malayensis ae 178 siamensis
mandarinus ne 170 signifer
melanognathus 56 226 significans
miyajima Be 250 | simplissimus
monotaeniatus a 159 | solstitialis
montanus oie MA a speciosus ..
miihlfeldi ee e247, spectabilis
negativus - 137 | speculum ..
nemocaliosus ne 137 stantoni
nephodes .. ake 145 striatus
nexus =e am 1ST, | subcallosus
nicobarensis SP I9I subcinerascens
nigrita.. i 247 subhirtus ..
nigropictus a 2LO tataricus ..
nigrotectus si 202 | tenebrosus, Coq.
niveipalpis Hoe teh tenebrosus, WIk.
non-optatus 56 140 | tinctothorax
obconicus a 21S triangularis
optatus.. ea 139 tricolor
orientalis .. = 198 | tristis
orientis .. ae 195 tuberculatus
oxyceratus a 195 umbrinus
pallidepectoratus 3: 209 uniformis
palpalis .. A 212 unifasciatus
pauper... is 207 univentris
perakiensis a 204 | vanderwulpi
persis nie a 2S varicolor ..
polygonus sis 252 | virgo
polyzonatus se 247 wy villei
pratti ae ie 143 yao ,
pulchellus et 27, || yokoamensis
pulchriventris .. 241 : Table of groups
pulverifer .. 254 , Table of species

pusillus .. a 242 | Therioplectes subgenus

11)

a PP aa
|

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

Fic. 1.—Tabanus varus.

»)

2
3.—
—
5.—
b=
ln
oS
9 —
LO. ——
jG G——
L2Z2——

Dp)

hirtipalprs.

+”)
btcallosus.
hacinctus.
nemocallosus.
strtatus.
albimeduus.
brunntpennts.
jucundus.
puteus
rubicundus.

Ree. Ind. Mus., Vol. IV, Igtt. Plate X1Re

G. Edwards, Bemrose Lt? Derby.

¢
y
¥

| Ae

bert Ni

\ i

eo +
BF yin

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.

Fic. 13.—Tabanus stantont.

yo 4s ge fumefer.

joel Sue 0-52 dissimilts.
16 =—© |. leucopogon,

eae? er discrepans.

ee Oe ee, ortentis.

3 LO 3; palpalis.

so 20 &,

ae) ne subcinerascens.
5 223— 35 ceylonicus.
323. ee glaber.

5 24.—- 4, persis.

Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. IV, rorr. Plate XIV

G. Edwards,

Bemrose,L*4 Derby

—.

Part V.—Revision of the Oriental Leptide. Revised and annotated Catalogue of
Oriental Bombylide, with descriptions of new species.

Vol. ITI, 1909.

Part I.—The Races of Indian Rats.

Part II.—Notes on Freshwater Sponges, X. Report on a collection of aquatic
animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart in 1907, II. Note on some
amphibious Cockroaches. Description de quelques nouvelles Cécidomyies des
Indes. Description of new land and marine shells from Ceylon and S. India.
Description of two new species of Cavanx from the Bay of Bengal. Remarks on
some little known Indian Ophidia. Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus.
A pelagic Sea-Anemone without tentacles. Rhynchota Malayana, II.

Part IIf.—Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. New
Indian Leptide and Bombylide, with a note on Comastes, Os.Sac., v. Heterostylum,
Macq. Notes on the Trichoptera in the collection of the Indian Museum.
Diagnoses of new species and varieties of Freshwater Crabs, I—3. Report on a
small collection of Lizards trom Travancore. Descriptions of three new Cicinde-
linze from Borneo. The relation between fertility and normality in Rats. Des-
cription of a Barnacle of the genus Scalpellum from Malaysia. The Hemipterous
family Poly:tenide. Notes on Freshwater Sponges, XI. Descriptions of two
new shells from 5.India. Preliminary note on a new genus of Phylactolematous
Polyzoa. Miscellanea.

Part IV.—Description of a minute Hymenopterous insect from Calcutta. The Insect

Fauna of Tirhut, No. 1. Descriptions of new species of Botta and Nemachilus.

New Oriental Sepsine. A new species of Fredervicella from Indian lakes. Diagnoses
of new species and varieties of freshwater crabs, No. 4. On some new or little-
known Mygalomorph spiders from the Oriental region and Australasia.

Vol. IV, 1910.

No. I.—Second report on the collection of Culicidee in the Indian Museum, with des-
criptions of new genera and species.

Nos, II and III.—The Indian species of Papataci Fly (Phlebotomus), Taxonomic
values in Culicide.

No. IV.—Revision of the Oriental blood-sucking Muscide (Stomoxine, Phtlema-
tomyia, Aust., and Pristirhynchomyia, gen. nov.).

No. V.—A new arrangement of the Indian Anopheline.

Vol. V, 1910.

Part I.-—The Hydroids of the Indian Museum, I. Notes on Freshwater Sponges, XII.
Descriptions of new Shells in the collection of the Indian Museum from Burma,
Siam and the Bay of Bengal. Materials for a revision of the Phylactolematous
Polyzoa of India. Studies on the aquatic Oligocheta of the Punjab. An undes-
cribed Burmese Frog allied to Rana tigrina. Miscellanea.

Part II.—Description d’Ophiures nouvelles provenant des derniéres campagnes de
‘*]’Investigator ’’ dans 1’Océan Indien. Description d’Holothuries nouvelles
appartenant au Musée Indien. The races of Indian rats, II. Description of a new
species of Scalpellum from the Andaman sea. Descriptions of five uew species
of marine shells from the Bay of Bengal. Notes on fish from India and Persia,
with descriptions of new species.

Part IiI.—A new genus of Psychodid Diptera from the Himalayas and Travancore.
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found in Calcutta. The distribution of the oriental Scolopendride. Notes on
Decapoda in the Indian Museum, I. Description of a new species of Nemachilus
from Northern India. Notes on the larve of Toxorhynchites immtsericors, Wk.
Description ¢f a South Indian frog allied to Rana corrugata of Ceylon. Contri-
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Part IV.—Notes .and descriptions of Indian Microlepidoptera. On some aquatic
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from Sonth India. Alluaudella himalayensts, a new species of degenerate (*)
cockroach, with an account of the venation found in the genera Cardax and
Alluauaella. Rhynchota Malayana, III.

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Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. ‘‘ Investigator ’’ 1892. Fishes, Plates I to VII.
Crustacea, Plates I to V, 1894. Fishes, Plates VII to XIII. Crustacea, Plates VI to VIII. Ech-
inoderma, Plates I to III, 1895. Echinoderma, Plates IV and V. Fishes, Plates XIV to XVI.
‘Crustacea, Plates IX to XV, 1896. Crustacea, Plates XVI to XXVII, 1897. Fishes, Plate XVII.

= oon Plates XXVIII to XXXII. Mollusca, Plates I to VI, 1898. Fishes, Plates XVIII to

XXIV. Crustacea, Plates XXXII to XXXV. Mollusca, Plates VII and VIII, 1899. Fishes,

- Plates XXV and XXVI. Crustacea, Plates XXXVI to XLV, 1900. Fishes, Plates XXVII to

_XXXV. Crustacea, Plates XLVI to XLVITI. Index, Part E I9Ol. Crustacea, Plates XLIX

a % to LV. Mollusca, Plates IX to XIII, 1902. Crustacea, Plates LVI to L XVII. Crustacea, Plates

_ LXVIII to LXXVI. Fishes, Plates XXXVI to XXXVIII, 1905. Crustacea (Malacostraca), Plates

__LXXVII to LXXIX. Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates I and II. Mollusca, Plates XIV to

_ XVIII, 1907. Fishes, Plates XXXIX to XLIII. Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates III to V.

= Mollusca, Plates XIX ‘and XX, 1908.—Re. 1 per me Mollusca, Plates XXI to XXIII, 1909.—
As. 8 per ‘plate. ;

, y

a SRE 6

RECORDS
of the

INDIAN MUSEUM

Vol. I, 1907.

Part I.—Contributions to the Fauna of the Arabian Sea. Records of Hemiptera and
Hymenoptera from the Himalayas. Further notes on Indian Freshwater Ento-
mostraca. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, I—IIT.
A Sporozoon from the Heart of a Cow. Miscellanea.

Pavt II7.—Revision of the Oriental Stratiomyide. Description of an Oligochete
Worm allied to Chetogaster. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning,
Lower Bengal, IV. Further Note on a Polyzoon from the Himalayas. Reports
on a collection of Batrachia, Reptiles and Fish from Nepal and the Western

_ Himalayas. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, V.
Notes on Oriental Diptera, I and II. Miscellanea.

Pavt III.—Report on the Marine Polyzoa in the collection of the Indian Museum.
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VI. A third note
on Earwigs (Dermaptera) in the Indian Museum, with the description of a new
species. Notes on Oriental Diptera, III. Description of a new snake from Nepal.
Notes on a collection of marketable fish from Akyab, with a description of a new
species of Lactavius. Description of two freshwater Oligochete Worms from the
Punjab. Notes on Phosphorescence in Marine Animals. Notes on the rats of
Dacca, Eastern Bengal. Notes on Freshwater Sponges, I—V. Miscellanea.

Pari IV.—Nudiclava monocanthi, the type of a new genus of Hydroids parasitic
on Fish. Preliminary descriptions of three new Nycteribiidee from India. Anno-
tated Catalogue of Oriental Culicide. Notes on Oriental Diptera. Notes on
Freshwater Sponges, VI, VII. Description of a new Cyprinid Fish of the genus .
Danio from Upper Burma. Miscellanea.

Vol. II, 1908-1909.

Part I.—The retirement of Lieut.-Col. Alcock, with a list of his papers, etc., on Indian
Zoology. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at’ Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VII.
Description of a New Dictyonine Sponge from the Indian Ocean. Notes on
Freshwater Sponges, VIII. Remarkable cases of variation, I. Description of a
new species of Lizard of the genus Salea, from Assam. ‘The Fauna of Brackish
Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VIII. Description of a new Cavernico-
lous Phasgonurid from Lower Siam. Descriptions of new species of Marine and
Freshwater Shells in the collection of the Indian Museum. Notes on Oriental
Syrphide, I. Description of a new variety of Spongilla lovicata. Notes on
Oriental Diptera, V. Miscellanea.

Payit II,—Gordiens du Musée Indien. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning,
Lower Bengal, IX. Description of a new species of Danio from Lower Burma.
Rhynchota Malayana, I. Cimex votundatus, Signoret. Notes on Freshwater
Sponges, IX. Fruit Bats of the genus Pteyopus inhabiting the Andaman and
Nicobar Archipelagos. A new species of Sun-Bird obtained near Darjiling.
Three Indian Phylactolemata. On two new species of Eagle-Rays (Myliobatide).
Description of a new species of the genus Sesayma, Say., from the Andaman
Islands. Descriptions of new species of Land, Marine, and Freshwater Shells from
the Andaman Islands.

Part III,—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, X, XI. On
some Oriental Solifugee with descriptions of new forms. The difference between
the Takin (Gudorcas) from the Mishmi Hills and that from Tibet, with notes.
on variation displayed by the former. On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its
varieties. Description of a new species of Chavaxes from the Bhutan Frontier.
First Report on the Collection of Culicidee and Corethridee in the Indian Museum,
with descriptions of new genera and species. Miscellanea.

Pavt IV.—Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H.
Stewart in 1907, I. Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum, I.
Indian Psychodide. Description of a new species of mouse from the Madura
District, Madras. Some Cleride of the Indian Museum. The Fauna of
Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, XII. Description of a new
species of Saw-Fish captured off the Burma Coast. A new Sting Ray of the
genus Tyygon from the Bay of Bengal. New Micro-lepidoptera from India and
Burma. Notes on some Chrysomelid Beetles in the collection of the Indian
Museum. Six, new Cicindelinee from the Oriental Region. Description of a
new slug from Tibet.

VIE. NEW ORIENTAL NEMOCEHRA.
By E. BRUNETTI.

In the present paper are described nearly fifty new species
belonging to the first suborder of Diptera. Figures of some of
them, especially wings of the somewhat closely allied species of
Rhyphus and Dixa, will appear in my forthcoming volume on
Nemocera (exclusive of Culicidae and Chironomidae) for the
‘Fauna of British India”’ series.

RHYPHIDAE.,

No less than six species of Rhyphus from the East have come
before me, including the only one previously recorded (macult-
pennis, Wulp); a European species, punctatus, F., about the
identification of which there can be little doubt, and also a variety
of the common European fenestralis, Scop.

All these forms are rather easily separated by the following
characters :—

Table of spectes.

A Antennae conspicuously vari-coloured.
B Sub-apical clear spot in wing (at tip
of 2nd longitudinal vein) elongated,
and entirely clear Le .. maculipennis, Wulp
BB ‘The above spot nearly circular, and
enclosing a distinct dark round
SpoeE 23% a: . pulchricornis, sp. nov.
AA Antennae wholly black.
C Thorax bluish ash-grey with chocolate-
coloured stripes.
D Wing more deeply and extensively
marked; distinct blackish spot at
tip, whole distal margin more or
less light blackish grey .. .. fenestralts, Scop., var.
nov. ¢ndicus.
DD Wing much less deeply marked, and
quite clear on distal portion, beyond
the cross-veins; no apical spot
whatever * oe .. punctatus, F.
CC Thorax yellow, or brownish yellow,
. with reddish brown stripes.
E Costa darker, towards tip of wing
showing distinctly a quite clear

260 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor lLyr

square spot on costa, only descend-

ing to the 3rd longitudinal vein,

with a smaller contiguous spot

below; a distinct, narrow brown

streak beyond outer cross-vein ;

distal part of wing below 3rd

longitudinal, nearly clear, with pos-

terior veins very lightly suffused .. dtstinctus, sp. nov.
EE Costa much lighter, showing towards

tip of wing only one, much less

clear, oval spot, always descending

below 3rd longitudinal vein, with-

out any second spot adjacent; no

brown streak outside outer cross-

vein; distal part of wing below

3rd_—s longitudinal, very slightly

darker grey, and this towards the

margin only, the posterior veins

not individually suffused .. divisus, sp. nov.

Rhyphus maculipennis, Wulp.

A @ in the Indian Museum collection, dated 30-vii-10 (no
locality given, but probably Assam), and one in my own collection
from Peradeniya, Ceylon, xii-o7, are almost certainly this species,
although in the former specimen both the hind legs are missing.
The wing agrees perfectly with Van der Wulp’s plate. The an-
tennae and abdomen in his type specimen were injured. Of the
former, the first three (not two, as he says!) joints are yellow,
joints 4 to 8 yellow with brownish marks, or wholly brownish, 9,
Io quite black, 11, 12 yellowish white, 13 to 16 quite black, the
16th with a short white style. The abdominal two basal segments
are mainly dirty yellow, with black posterior borders, the re-
mainder being brownish yellow with broadly black borders; the
apical segments wholly blackish. Belly similar. The palpi are
black.

Rhyphus pulchricornis, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Base of Darjiling Himalayas. Long. 3} mm.

Head.—Frons, fully one-third width of head, reddish yellow,
bare; vertex with a few hairs; ocellar triangle small, black.
isolated; antennae long, 16-jointed, variegated, the joints mostly
reddish yellow and black, with a short, white style and two or three
bristles at apex. The antennal joints 1, 2, 3 are reddish yellow,
4, 5, quite black, 6, 7, 8, reddish-yellow,, 9, 10; -black era
brownish yellow, 13 to 16 black, the appearance of the antenna
suggesting that it is liable to variation. Palpi bright reddish
yellow, with a few bristles; proboscis very short, yellow.

1 Quite possibly a variable character.

IQII.] E. BruNnETTII1: New Oriental Nemocera. 261

Thorax yellowish, with three wide, dark, soft reddish brown
stripes. Sides yellow, with black streaks. Some bristles on the
dorsum. Scutellum yellow, with a few bristles.

Abdomen brownish yellow, blackish towards tip, posterior
borders of basal segments widely black. Belly apparently con-
colorous.

Legs brownish yellow, minutely pubescent: tips of the
femora, of the tibiae and of the tarsal joints blackish.

Wings pale grey: anterior border a little yellowish on basal
half; posterior border pale blackish, slightly deeper at tip. A dark
irregular band from the costa, reaching to the discal cell, and
another, of about equal width, placed between the first and the
infuscated wing tip. The clear space immediately adjoining the
infuscated wing tip encloses a pale blackish oblong spot placed
lengthwise on the costa. Outer side of the discal cell with a
black suffusion, a black round spot in the Ist basal cell; posterior
cross-vein and the anal vein narrowly black suffused. Halteres
pale yellowish brown.

Described from a specimen in good condition in the Indian
Museum collection from Siliguri (18—20-vii-07).

N.B.—This species is very near Van der Wulp’s maculipenms,
but I believe it quite distinct, differing in the wing marks, and in
the wholly yellowish hind femora, these joints in Wulp’s species
having a black ring in the middle. The palpi, too, in Wulp’s
species are blackish and the thorax is described as yellow with
black stripes.

Rhyphus fenestralis, Scop., var. nov. indicus, mihi.

o @. Himalayas and Assam. Long: 4-5 mm.

A number of specimens in the Indian Museum, from the
Himalayas, show a difference from the usual form of this common
European species, the difference being constant in all the specimens
examined.

The apical spot in the wing is distinctly black, clearer cut, and
of a different shape. In fenestralis (typical) it is brownish, and its
inner sides form a right angle, and, at the edge of the wing, the
spot extends distinctly below the 3rd longitudinal vein ; whereas
in indicus, it is quite black, the edge much more clearly cut, and
the distal half of the spot does not extend below the 3rd longitudi-
nal vein, although above this vein it reaches the wing tip as usual,
so that the inner form of the spot is not a right angle, but irregu-
lar. Moreover, the abdomen is darker, especially in the @ in
which sometimes the usual black bands extend over nearly all the
abdomen. The abdomen in the o is lighter than in the 2 , and
shows traces of a dorsal line of elongated spots. In size, the variety
is slightly larger, and all the examples have the brown ring on the
hind femora, but though always present, it varies in intensity, and
is darkest in the o.

262 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE.rEVs

From a careful comparison of the specimens with four 2 9
from Austria, four ? @ taken by me in Wales, anda @ taken
by Dr. Annandale in Mull, Scotland, 4—6-x-07 (all in the Indian
Museum), I find no other difference from typical fenestvalis. Ihave
no European o present to compare with, but in imdica both sexes
appear equally common.

This new form appears common in the Himalayas, the Indian
Museum possessing it from Simla (7,000 ft.), 24-iv-o7 and 10-v-09
[Annandale, common]; Matiana, Simla district (8,000 ft.), 28—30-
iv-07 [Avnandale]; Darjiling (7,000 ft.), 5—9-viii-og [Paiva, com-
mon); also from Ukhral, Manipur (6,400 ft.) [ Pettigrew}.

Rhyphus punctatus, F.

Though I have no specimen to compare them with, I have
little doubt that three @ 9? in the Indian Museum represent this
species, agreeing almost perfectly with Schiner’s description. ‘T'wo
are from Kurseong, Darjiling (5,000 ft.), 10—26-ix-og [Lynch],
and the third from the same place taken on 9g-ix-og by Dr.
Annandale.

Rhyphus distinctus, mihi, sp. nov.

oe @. Darjiling district. Long. 3-4 mm.

Head.—KHyes absolutely contiguous in ” from the conspicu-
ously raised ocellar triangle, which occupies’ the whole vertex,
almost to the base of the antennae. Under side of head blackish
grey. Frons in @ one-fourth the width of the head, and, with
vertex and face, whitish grey ; under side of head somewhat yellow-
ish. Antennae wholly black with a little short grey pubescence,
tips of both scapal joints sometimes narrowly brownish yellow;
palpi black. Back of head with some soft long hairs, proboscis
yellowish.

Thorax brownish yellow ; with three moderately broad, some-
what reddish brown stripes; the outer ones extending from just
below the anterior margin, nearly to the posterior one. The middle
stripe extends from the anterior margin nearly to the scutellum,
tapering gradually ; often narrowly divided in front: there is also
a small unicolorous transverse mark just below each shoulder.

A dorso-central row of stiff hairs, gradually diminishing in
length extends from the posterior margin forwards, thence curving
towards and over the humeral swellings.

There is a lateral row of 6 or 7 long stiff hairs above each
wing and some post-alar ones. Scutellum brownish yellow, with
a broad median brown band, and the extreme edges brown:
metanotum shining dark brown.

Abdomen dark reddish brown, with a moderate amount of
soft short yellow hair; hind margins of segments more or less
narrowly yellowish, sometimes the posterior corners of the seg-
ments also. Basal segment sometimes lighter coloured. Belly
yellowish, more or less dark marked, genitalia inconspicuous.

19II.] E. BRUNETTI: New Oviental Nemocera. 263

Legs light brownish yellow; tarsi dark; extreme tips of
posterior femora black. ‘There is generally a more or less distinct
broad irregular blackish band occupying about the middle third of
the hind femora, and the hind tibiae are more or less blackish for
some distance at both base and tips: legs minutely pubescent.

Wings very pale grey, with brownish markings. The cross-
veins are rather deeply but narrowly brown, whilst moderately
dark brownish markings occur as follows: a square mark in the
middle of the upper basal cell; a brown well-defined streak from
the middle of the costa, narrowing gradually, passing between the
above-mentioned square mark, and the inner transverse vein,
crossing the base of the discal cell and continuing narrowly along
the 5th longitudinal vein: a broader, also well-defined stripe from
the costa (narrowing hindwards) passing clear of the outer trans-
verse vein, terminating at the upper fork of the lower branch of
the 4th longitudinal.

The tip of the wing down to the 3rd longitudinal vein is
brown, leaving in front of it a distinct square shaped, quite clear
spot, touching the costa and contiguous to the previously des-
cribed stripe. It may be described differently by saying the whole
of the costa is brownish, deepening towards the tip, with a quite
clear square spot placed just touching the tip of the 2nd longitu-
dinal vein, extending from the costa to the 3rd longitudinal. The
distal part of the wing from below the 3rd longitudinal down to
a little beyond the lowest branch of the 4th, is light brownish grey
leaving a clearer streak across the rst, 2nd and 3rd posterior cells,
just before their centres and almost below, but a little previous
to, the clear square costal spot. Nearly below this latter spot, but
a little beyond it, yet just touching it in the Ist posterior cell is
a nearly upright, oblong quite clear spot, on the outer side of which
the brown colour is distinctly deeper for a very small space. The
6th longitudinal vein is very narrowly and not deeply suffused.
Halteres yellowish.

Described from a number of both sexes from Darjiling
(7,000 ft.), taken by Mr. Paiva, 5—8-viii-og, and a ¢ taken by
Dr. Annandale at Kurseong, 2,000 feet below Darjiling, 4-ix-o9.

Rhyphus divisus, mihi, sp. nov.

o @. Himalayas. Long. 34—5 mm.

This species considerably resembles distincius but differs in
some minor characters, and very essentially in the wing markings.
The row of stiff hairs behind the eyes and across the vertex is
stronger. The basal abdominal segments in the @ are more
yellowish on their posterior borders, and the middle line on the
thoracic dorsum is very distinctly divided. The blackish band
on the hind femora is confined to the @, whereas in distinctus it 1s
sometimes present, though indistinctly, in the @. The wing
markings are entirely different.

264 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor sve

On a pale grey ground colour, the cross-veins are deeply but
narrowly infuscated as is also the 5th longitudinal vein; the
proximal two-thirds of the marginal cell is rather deeply blackish,
with a slightly paler spot in a line with the outer cross-vein; the
distal part of the wing is light blackish grey, much deeper at tip
just above the 3rd longitudinal vein and a little below it, leaving
a nearly clear oval spot touching the costa, at the tip of the 2nd
longitudinal and extending downwards into the Ist posterior cell,
a second, much fainter and more irregular clear spot occurs just
beyond the outer cross-vein. The praefurca appears slightly
obliterated about its middle. Halteres yellow.

Described from a good series of both sexes in the Indian
Museum from the following localities :—

Darjiling (7,000 ft.), 5—12-vili-og [Jenkins and Patva, con-
mon]; Kurseong, 10—26-ix-og [Lynch]; Gangtok, Sikhim State,
g-ix-09; also two pairs taken im cop., Darjiling, 5-vili-og, and
Gangtok, 8-ix-og. An apparently immature specimen from Phagu,
Simla hills, 12-v-09 [Annandale].

A @ andtwo 2 @ taken at Darjiling in company with the
others have the thoracic markings almost obliterated, and the clear
parts of the wing more extended; but they apparently belong to
the same species.

N.B.—Of the three species (fenestralis, distinctus and divisus)
taken by Mr. Paiva at Darjiling in August, 1909, he says that
some were taken on windows and others along the roads of the
town, where they were hovering in small swarms under the shade
of the trees, but it would be impossible to say now whether all
the species occurred in both habitats or not, as at the time of
collecting, identification was impracticable.

DEX TIDAL:

This family, likethe Rhyphidae, contains but a single genus—,
and this one, Dixa, has not previously been recorded from the
East. Five species are here offered as new, as I am unable to
identify any of them with such descriptions of Palaearctic species
as are accessible to me.

DIXA, Meig.
Table of species.

A Wing with more markings than a
narrow transverse streak across the
middle.
B Wing tip not infuscated. Thoracic
stripes dark brown, abdomen brown.
C Wing nearly clear; only a few infus-
cated spots, mostly in basal and
anal cells: no deeper black spots .. montana, sp. nov.
CC - Wing with several blackish streaks ;
and four rather deep black marks

IgII.| E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 205

contiguous to and below the Ist

longitudinal vein . maculipennis ,sp. nov.
BB Wing tip distinctly infuscated for. a

little distance. Thoracic stripes

brownish yellow; abdomen brownish

yellow .. . ochrilineata, sp. nov.
AA Wing with only a narrow ‘transv erse

streak across the middle. Thoracic

stripes dark brown. Abdomen

blackish.

D The transverse streak on the wing ex-
tending over the posterior cross-

Veil «. % .. bistriata, sp. nov.
DD The transverse streak not continued
over the cross-vein - .. bifasciata, sp. nov.

N.B.—D. bifasciata is possibly the @ of bistriata.

Dixa montana, mihi, sp. nov.
@ ¢. Western Himalayas. Long. 2-3 mm.

Head.—Frons and back of head, lighter or darker, grey.
Proboscis robust at base, pointed, moderately long, pubescent,
brownish yellow; paipi dark brown. Antennae: Ist joint large,
globular, yellowish brown, flagellum of apparently 12 joints,
brownish yellow, closely pubescent, filamentous towards the tip,
making it difficult to discover the exact number of joints.

Thorax.—Dorsum grey, sometimes a little yellowish, some-
times almost whitish. Three dark brown stripes, the median one,
which is very narrowly divided more or less by a longitudinal pale
stripe, runs from the anterior margin to beyond the middle, pos-
terior to which it continues, much narrowed. The two outer
stripes which are separated from the median one by a narrow
space, begin some distance behind the shoulder and continue to
the posterior margin of the dorsum; the space between them,
posterior to the broad part of the median dark stripe, being light
grey, traversed longitudinally by the attenuated continuation of
the median stripe. A more or less indistinct transverse streak, or
darker space, on the shoulders, brown or grey of a lighter or
darker shade, sometimes with traces of a thin line connecting
them. Scutellum yellow, metanotum brownish. Sides of thorax
brownish or brownish grey, irregularly tinted.

Abdomen dark brown, with very sparse pale has. Geni-
taliain ” very small, yellowish, mainly concealed. The tips of
(presumably) a pair of small claspers are visible. Ovipositor in ¢
small, with a reddish brown tip.

Legs pale brownish yellow. ‘Tips of femora and tibiae, and
the tarsi towards the tips, blackish; the hind tibiae being very
distinctly though not greatly incrassated.

Wings pale grey; venation in accordance with the generic
description. Three moderately small pale brown spots. The tst

266 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL aie

embraces the end of the praefurca, the base of the fork of the
2nd vein, and the anterior cross-vein: the 2nd spot is in the
middle of the basal cell: the 3rd is placed across the middle of the
5th vein, thus falling in both the 2nd basal and the anal cells. A
very pale grey, irregular, narrow but just distinctly perceptible
streak joins the fork of the 2nd vein to the fork of the 4th. In
addition there are some indistinct pale grey spots placed appar-
ently irregularly in the basal half of the wing. Halteres yellowish.

Described from three ~ o@ and two 2 & in the Indian Museum
collection, all captured by Dr. Annandale in the Simla district,
with the following data: Simla (7,000 ft.), I0-v-og (type o);
Barogh (5,000 ft.), 10-v-10; Phagu (9,000 {t.), II-v-og (type 2 ).

Types in Indian Museum.

Nores.—This species must bear some resemblance to the
common European D. maculata, Mg. Of the descriptions available
to me that of this species is the only one in which the slight but
very distinct incrassation of the hind tibiae is mentioned. Yet
this character, although distinctly present in all five Oriental
species treated of here, and apparently common to both sexes,
has not, so far as I am aware, been described as generic, unless
indeed, Macquart is referring to this peculiarity in his words
‘““jambes terminées par deux pointes, peu distinctes.’’

In the European species, maculata, the thorax is described as
pale yellow, and there are stripes on the sides of the thorax, the
base of the wing is yellowish, and lesser differences also are appa-
rent between Meigen’s species and the present one, which may be
regarded as distinct.

Dixa maculipennis, mihi, sp. nov.

@ @. Eastern and Western Himalayas. Long. 2-2} mm.

Head.—Back of head, vertex and frons light grey. Proboscis
yellowish, distinctly dark brown at base; palpi dark brown.
Antennae with two very distinct basal. (scapal) joints, the Ist
circular, very short, the 2nd subglobular, both orange-yellow :
flagellum of at least 14 joints, possibly one or two more, if such
are shorter, as they are not at all easily counted.

Thorax rather bright yellowish. Three dark brown thoracic
stripes as in the previous species ; and on each shoulder a distinct
but not sharply defined brownish, curved, transverse streak,
connecting the tip of the median stripe with the tip of the outer
stripe. Prothorax forming a sort of imperfect collar, swollen on
each side into an elongate lobe, lying close to the thorax. Scutellum
dark brown, with a broad yellow median indistinct stripe; meta-
notum dark brown. A small brown scutellar bridge with a
narrow yellow upper margin, joins the scutellum on each side to
the wing base.

Abdomen brownish, a small blackish mark towards each side
on the posterior margins, the segments becoming blackish towards

19II.| E. BRunETI1: New Oriental Nemocera. 267

the tip of the abdomen. Genitalia in ~ black, a pair of claspers,
large, conical, fleshy, the Ist joint of which is vellowish; the 2nd
joint is also conical, smaller, apparently pointed at the tip. (The
claspers are closed together so that exact vision is impossible.)
Ovipositor blackish.

Legs pale yellowish; tips of femora and tibiae, and the tarsi
towards the tips, narrowly black: hind tibiae slightly but distinctly
incrassated at tips.

Wings.—Venation normal, Pale grey, costal cell unmarked,
the brown spots beginning on the Ist longitudinal vein. Four
distinct brown spots in a row, with fairly clearly cut sides, are
placed in juxtaposition to this vein; the Ist small, rounded, near
the base ; the 2nd, larger, squarish, below the tip of the auxiliary
vein, both these two spots limited posteriorly by the 4th vein.
The 3rd spot is a streak, beginning beyond the origin of the 2nd
vein, and ending on the 4th vein, proximad of the anterior cross-
vein. The 4th spot is over the fork of the 2nd vein. Much
lighter pale brownish grey smail spots are placed, possibly irregu-
larly over the rest of the wing. In the single specimen present
they are situated as follows: Two in the 2nd basal cell, two in
the anal cell, one in the axillary cell; one each in the marginal,
submarginal, and the Ist posterior cells, all united more or less
into a streak, placed towards the tip of the wing. ‘wo each in the
basal (one basal, one central) and 2nd submarginal cells, also in
_the Ist posterior cell ; one each at the base of the 3rd, 4th, and
5th posterior cells. Halteres yellowish.

Described from one o@ and one @,the o from Darjiling,
29-v-10, taken by me, the 9 from Matiana (8,000 ft.), Simla
district, 28—30-iv-07 [| Annandale].

Types in Indian Museum.

Notre —Kasily known by its marmorated wings.

Dixa ochrilineata, mihi, sp. nov.

-@. Darjiling district. Long. 2 mm.

Head light yellow. Eyes separated by a frons one-third the
width of the head. Proboscis yellowish, with rather well-devel-
oped terminal dark brown lips; palpi dark brown. Antennae: Ist
scapal joint very short and indistinct, 2nd large, globular, yellow :
flagellum of 14 to 16 joints (2), dark brown, extreme base of Ist,
yellow.

Thorax distinctly gibbous, prominent in front, yellow. ‘Three
brownish yellow dorsal stripes, somewhat normally placed, the
median one attaining the anterior margin, the outer ones dis-
tinctly curved towards and over the sides anteriorly. Some soft
long hairs in the neighbourhood of the stripes and in front of the
wings.

Scutellum and metanotum yellow, the former a little brown
at the sides, the latter in the middle. Sides of thorax with a dark

268 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vos Ve

brown lateral stripe on a level with and passing across the bases of
the coxae.

Abdomen brownish yellow, a little darker towards the sides.
Ovipositor small, inconspicuous, pale yellow.

Legs.—Coxae and femora pale brownish yellow, femora a
little lighter near the tips, the tips themselves blackish brown
ringed. Tibiae and tarsi brownish.

Wings.—Venation normal. Very pale grey, costal cell wholly
unmarked. Tip of wing very pale blackish from beyond the fork
of the 2nd vein, the shade extending posteriorly as far as the 2nd
posterior cell, filling it. A dark brown streak from the Ist longi-
tudinal vein, passing over the origin of the 3rd vein, the anterior
cross-vein, then in diminished intensity to the hind margin of the
wing by way of the posterior cross-vein and the last section of the
5th longitudinal vein. A very pale blackish spot in the Ist basal
cell, near its tip, an elongate one in the basal part of the 2nd
basal cell, turning down at its proximal end into the anal cell.
Wings a little yellowish at the base. Halteres pale yellow.

Described from @ from Kurseong, 9-ix-og [Annandale|.

Type in Indian Museum.

Dixa bistriata, mihi, sp. nov.

gy. Darjiling. Long. 24 mm.

Head.—Proboscis and palpi brownish yellow, the former brown
at the tip. Antennae: Ist scapal joint very wide and short,
saucer-like, 2nd normal, subglobular ; flagellum of not less than
I2 joints, closely pubescent: the whole antennae dark brown,
except the pale yellow extreme base of the Ist flagellar joint.

Thorax pale yellowish. Three dark chocolate-brown stripes
of normal pattern, the median one extended somewhat linearly in
front just below the shoulders. The shoulders themselves with a
very pale blackish streak.

Scutellum and metanotum dark brown, a narrow yellowish
stripe in the middle of the former. Sides of thorax yellowish,
with brown marks.

Abdomen blackish, with a little pale yellow pubescence.
Genitalia of moderate size, consisting of a pair of dark brown
claspers, of which the second joint is cylindrical, much thinner,
yellow ; apparently a small dorsal plate is present in addition to
the moderately large ventral one.

Legs pale brownish yellow, tips of femora and tibiae nar-
rowly black ringed ; tarsi darker.

Wings practically clear, a blackish narrow irregular streak
in the middle from the 1st longitudinal vein, over the cross-veins,
continued in an attenuated form along the posterior cross-vein and
the terminal section of the 5th longitudinal vein. A very pale
blackish streak in the basal part of the anal cell. Halteres yellow.

Described ftom a single @ taken by myself at Darjiling, 29-v-10.

Type in Indian Museum.

eked Saath

19Q1I.] E. BrunETrII: New Oriental Nemocera. 269

Dixa bifasciata, mihi, sp. nov.

?. Western Himalayas. Long. nearly 3 mm.

Head. —The broad flat vertex light grey dusted, through which
the dark ground colour can be seen. Proboscis vellowish brown,
palpi long, concolorous. Antennae with its two scapal joints very
distinct, dark brown; flagellum brown, except the pale yellow
extreme base of the first joint.

Thorax pale yellowish. Three dark brown stripes of normal
pattern, the outer ones continued much further forward than in
the last species. Dorsum between the stripes greyish. Scutellum
yellowish, metanotum dark brown. Sides of thorax yellowish,
brown marked.

Abdomen blackish, with whitish pubescence ; belly similar.

Legs pale yellowish, knees almost imperceptibly black, tarsi
darker. Hind tibiae with the slight incrassation at the tip as usual,
but yellowish.

Wings very pale grey, a rather dark brown narrow short
streak in the centre over the cross-veins, not extending to the
posterior cross-vein. A pale blackish streak filling the basal half
of the anal cell. Halteres pale yellow.

Described from a single @ taken by Dr. Annandale at Phagu
(9,000 ft.) in the Simla district. 12-v-09.

Type in Indian Museum.

Norers.—This species is very near bistriata, and may possibly
be identical with it. The differences lie in the respective lengths of
the Ist scapal joint and in the lengths of the thoracic stripes; the
femora and tips tips, black ringed in one species and practically
all yellow in the other. The wing marks in the two species may
be differentiated as follows: In bifasctata the central streak stops
before or at the posterior cross-vein, this vein itself not being at
all suffused, whilst in b7strviata the suffusion is continued narrowly
to the posterior margin. The basal pale streak in the anal cell
is much more distinct in bifasciata than in bistriata. When placed
side by side the two forms appear distinct, although the descrip-
tions read so similar.

BIBIONIDAE.
PLECIOMYIA, mihi, gen. nov.

Lt YPE Penthetria melanaspis, Wied., Auss. Zweifl., 1, 72 (1828)
Plecia melanaspis, auct.

Allied to Plecta, W., from which it differs by the 4th longitu-
dinal vein rather broadly forking immediately at the point of con-
tact with the anterior cross-vein.

The 3rd longitudinal vein forks almost immediately beyond
the anterior cross-vein, the upper branch lying almost parallel to
the lower one.

A third but lesser character is the presence of twelve joints
to the antenna, two short normally shaped basal ones forming

270 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor: BV,

the scape, a comparatively long first flagellar joint, followed by
eight others of a flattened bead shape, with a moderately long,
conical terminal joint. This is not entirely a conclusive character,
as at least one other allied Oriental species (Plecia fulvicollis, F.)
has twelve-jointed antennae, instead of ten- or eleven-jointed as
in the other allied species belonging to this region.

Pleciomyia melanaspis, Wied.

Even as early as 1828 Wiedemann recognised a generic differ-
ence between this species and the species of Plecia, by placing it
in Penthetria. I have not seen any other species that can be
referred to my new genus.

P. melanaspts is quite common apparently all along the IHima-
layas, the Indian Museum series representing Naini Tal, v-1893;
Bhim Tal, 1g —22-ix-06; Theog (Simla district), 27-iv-07 ; Kurseong,
g-ix-og ; Siliguri, 18—2o-vii-0o7 (both Darjiling district, hills and
plains respectively). From the latter locality there is a @ and
@ im cop. Also from Soondrijal and Katmandu (both Nepal),
Sikhim and Mungphu in the EK. Himalayas, and Sibsagar, Shillong,
Margherita in Assam.

It is known from Siberia, China and Japan, and I found it
common both at Darjiling, 2I-ix to 2-x-o8, and also at Hankow,
China, 22—-26-1v-06, but only sparingly at Mussoorie, 20-v-05.

PLECIA, Wied.
Table of species.

A The 3rd longitudinal vein forks at
some distance beyond the anterior
cross-vein (nearly at half the length
of its lower branch) and always dis-
tinctly beyond the fork of the 4th
vein.
B Whole thorax reddish yellow, including
dorsum, sides, scutellum and meta-
notum. Antennae 12-jointed .. fulvicollis, F.
BB Dorsum of thorax and scutellum red-
dish yellow; the sides and metano-
tum black. Antennae 10-jointed .. tergorata, Rond.
AA The 3rd longitudinal vein forks shortly
beyond the anterior cross-vein (dis-
tinctly before one-third of the length
of its lower branch), and approxti-
mately opposite the fork of the 4th
vein; the upper branch lying almost
parallel to the lower one, not almost
erect as in Division A.
C Not wholly black species. Dorsum of
thorax reddish yellow. Antennae
11-jointed HE se .. indica, sp. nov.

IQIl.| E. BruneEtt1: New Oriental Nemocera. 271

CC Wholly black species.
D Legs wholly black. Long. 8—12 mm.

Antennae I1-jointed zh .. atra, sp. nov.
DD Legs mainly brownish. Long. 6-7 mm.
Antennae 1r0-jointed se .. obscura, sp. nov.

Plecia fulvicollis, F.
P, subvarians, Wik.
P. thoracica, Guer.

This species appears as common in the plains of the eastern
tropics as melanaspis, Wied., is in the higher and more northern
parts. The Indian Museum has it from many parts of India,
Lower Burma, Assam, Java and Ceylon.

I have taken it myself at Jubbulpore, Meerut (both India),
and in Java. It is known from many of the East Indian and
Philippine Islands.

Through the kindness of Mr. EK. K. Austen, who has examined
the type 7 and @ of subvarians, Wik., in the British Museum, I
am able definitely to allot this name synonymic rank, and from
notes on thoracica, Guer., supplied by the same gentleman I have
no hesitation, knowing the variability of /fulvicollis from the
large number of specimens examined from many parts of the Kast,
in regarding Guerin’s species as also identical.

Moreover, Van der Wulp’s reference to thoracica is incorrect;
it should be Belanger’s Voyage aux Indes Orientales (1833).

Like many species in this family, it varies considerably in
size, from 54 to 7 mm., one specimen in the Indian Museum
being barely 4 mm. long.

Plecia tergorata, Round.

In the Indian Museum from Bhim Tal (4,500 ft.), 1g—27-ix-00 ;
Sukna (500 ft.), I-vii-o8 [both Annandale|; Darjiling, 6—g-viii-0g9
[Paiva]; Shan Hills, Upper Burma [J. Coggin Brown]. A pair
in cop. from Bhim Tal, 27-1x-07.

It is also known from Burma, Borneo and Java.

N.B.—In spite of Rondani’s remark that the wing is wholly
black, without trace of yellow at the base, three or four of the
above-mentioned specimens have the wings wholly yellowish
brown, yet there can be little doubt of their identity with this
species. In both Pleciomyia melanaspis and Plecia fulvicollis the
wings are sometimes more brown than black. The scapal joints
and first flagellar joint of the antennae are relatively longer than
in either melanaspis or fulvicollts.

Plecia indica, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Himalayas. Long. 6—9 mm.

Entire body black, with the exception of the dorsum and
upper part of the thorax, above the ridge line about the insertion

272 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor,.21Ve

of the wings. ‘This part is wholly bright ferruginous red, and very
minutely pubescent.

Wings blackish, darker on anterior border; stigma and
halteres black. Antennae as in atra, but the first flagellar joint
hardly longer than those immediately following.

Described from two @#@ and several 2 2 in the Indian
Museum from Darjiling, 2-x-08 [Brunett:]; Theog (Simla hills),
27-iv-0o7, and Kumaon, ix-1906 [both Annandalej; Soondrijal
(Nepal), Kangra Valley (4,500 ft.) and Kimoli, 24-x-07. I also
took it at Darjiling, 1o—16-x-05.

Plecia atra, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Nepal and Western Himalayas. Long. 8—12 mm.

Entive body deep velvet-black, especially on the dorsum of the
thorax. Antennae of eleven joints. the scapal two, subcylindrical,
the 2nd being wider at the tip; the 1st flagellar joint is cup-shaped
at its base; the following seven joints of equal size, of flattened bead
shape, the last one, small, conical; the whole antenna straight
and slightly pubescent.

Abdomen trough, minutely pubescent. Legs bare, pulvilli
greyish white.

Wings blackish, anterior part much darker, stigma black ;
halteres greyish black. The 4th longitudinal vein not forked
until some distance from the anterior cross-vein. Upper branch
of the 3rd longitudinal vein long, almost parallel to the lower one,
originating close to the anterior cross-vein.

Described from four @ 2 in the Indian Museum from Kumaon
(Bhim Tal, 4,500 {t.), Ig—22-ix-06 [Annandale], and from Soondri-
jal, Nepal.

This is the only wholly black eastern species except my
obscura, which is more ditty black in colour with a tendency to
brown in the legs, besides being smaller in’size.

Plecia obscura, mihi, sp. nov.

o @. Western Himalayas. Long. 6-7 mm.

Wholly dirty black, minutely pubescent. Thorax, on dorsum
and sides sometimes brownish (in one specimen). Femora dark
mahogany-brown, remainder of legs blackish brown. Antennae
rather stout, black, scapal joints equal in length, short; Ist
flagellar joint longer than each scapal joint, slightly pinched in
the middle; remaining seven joints subequal, normal (no obvious
minute apical joint in one example, antennae incomplete in the
other two).

Vertex in ~ wholly occupied by the very large cup-shaped
ocelli, which are placed, so to speak, on their sides with their
bases united.

Genitalia in 7 : a pair of strong hairy claspers, two-jointed,
the basal joint the longer and stronger, the 2nd joint ending

TGR] E. Brunetti: New Oriental Nemocera. 273

apparently in a single claw. In the @ the genital organ is narrow,
cylindrical, short, ending in a pair of rather slender palp-like
appendages.

Wings blackish brown, darker on anterior part: venation as
in indica,

Described from two ~ & and one @ in my collection captured
by me at Mussoorie, 24-v-05. Not in very good condition but the
specific characters quite distinct enough to recognise as represent-
ing a good species.

BIBIO, Geoff.
Table of spectes.

A Thorax partly or wholly reddish yellow
or brownish yellow (at least the
dorsum wholly ved in all the species
except discalis, in which it is black).

B- Dorsum of thorax yellowish.

C Abdomen wholly reddish yellow .- hortulanoides, 2, sp.
nov.
CC Abdomen wholly black at .. bicolor, Wik.
BB Dorsum of thorax black... .. discajts, sp. nov.
AA Thorax wholly black.
D Abdomen wholly reddish yellow .. abdominalis, sp. nov.

DD Abdomen wholly black.

E Larger species; at least Io mm. long.
Basal section of 3rd longitudinal
vein usually much longer than the
anterior cross-vein.

F Species 14 mm. long ag: .. hortulanoides, ¢ , sp.
nov.
FF Species 10 to 12 mm. long .. .. obscuripennis, Meij.

EE Smaller species; at most 7 mm. iong.
Basal section of 3rd longitudinal
vein barely, if any longer than the
anterior cross-vein.
G Femora wholly bright reddish or
yellowish.
H Femora yellowish, tibiae yellow .. Johannis, 1.
HH Femora reddish, tibiae and tarsi black rufifemur, sp. nov.
GG Femora wholly black or dark brown.
I Hind tibiae reddish yellow. Veins on
posterior part of wing distinct to
hind margin, but paler than those
in anterior half .. - .. fuscittbia, sp. nov.
II Hind tibiae dark brown or black.
Veins uniformly distinct, or those
on posterior half of wing paler, and
either distinctly continued to the
hind margin or abbreviated.

274 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo... IV;

J Veins on posterior half of wing, viewed
from certain directions, as distinct
as those on anterior half. Hind
tibiae black b. s. .. approximatus, sp.
nov.
JJ Veins on posterior half of wing less
distinct than those on anterior half.
K Hind tibiae dark brown, lower branch
of 4th vein and upper branch of 5th

vein not reaching border of wing .. defectus, sp. nov.
KK Hind tibiae black. All the veins
attain the wing margin .. .. proximus, sp. nov.

N.B.—The above table is constructed for the sake of con-
venience only, and does not illustrate the affinities of the species.
The order in which the descriptions are arranged is intended to
represent their affinities. Schiner and others have adopted the
relative lengths of the basal section of the 3rd longitudinal vein
and the anterior cross-vein, as the preliminary distinction in
separating the species, but in view of its decided variability in
obscurtpennis and the closely allied European marci, L., it seems
safer to distinguish the species comprised in the present paper by
their conspicuous differences of colour.

Bibio hortulanoides, mihi, sp. nov.

o 2. Darling district. Vones.c 14 mime 99 12st

Head.—In o& eyes closely contiguous from the vertex to
immediately above the antennae, leaving a very small frontal
triangle, the eyes with dense dark brown hair. Proboscis, palpi
and antennae black with thick long dark brown hair, which is also
long and thick behind the vertex. Vertical triangle conspicuously
elevated bearing the three ocelli.

In the ¢ the frons is one-third the width of the head, shining
black, with some black short hair, ocellar tubercle as in 7. The
other parts as in the ~ but the hair is more blackish than brown,
whilst the pubescence on the proboscis, palpi, under side of head
and behind the eyes is yellowish.

Thovax.—In ~, dorsum, scutellum and sides shining black,
densely covered with blackish brown hair. Inthe 2 the dorsum
is bright brownish yellow (with microscopic concolorous pubes-
cence), the colour very sharply delimited. The remainder of the
thorax black, moderately shining, with short black hairs. Scu-
tellum and scutellar ridge black ; metanotum black.

Abdomen.—In o, shining black, wholly covered on all sides
with thick blackish brown hair. ‘The genital organs shining black,
obtuse, bilobed. In the 9, bright brownish yellow with short
concoiorous pubescence; belly similar. Genital organs incon-
spicuous.

IQII.] E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 2
a 75

Legs shining black, pubescent, spines on fore tibiae with a
dull carmine tinge, pulvilli yellowish white.

Wings brownish in @ as in obscuripennis, Meij.; in @ very
pale grey, conspicuously lighter than in the ~, anterior border a
little blackish in the ~, but wholly deep black in the 9. Stigma
large, black. Halteres black.

Described froma @ and @ in bad condition in the Indian
Museum (labelled simply ‘“‘Ind.’’), which were returned by Bigot
marked ‘‘ hortulanus 7 2 ?”’; also a perfect 2? obviously of the
same species taken at Kurseong, I5-v-I0.

Types in the Indian Museum.

Nore.—This is either a large and well-marked variety of
hortulanus, 1,., or distinct. ‘The differences apparent are, the much
greater size of the ~, hortulanus being generally about 8 to II
mim. in length; the brown, not whitish wings in the o, the yel-
lowish hair in the 2 on the under side of the head and behind
the eyes, the hair in this position in hortulanus ( 2 ) being black.

Bibio obscuripennis, Meij.

This species was abundant at Darjiling during a few days
before and after October 16th 1905, when I captured several pairs
in cop. in addition to a good number of males and a lesser number
of females. My identification of the species was confirmed by Herr
Meijere.

Its chief distinction from marci, l., to which it bears a remark-
ably close resemblance, is the brown wings in the ~. In marci
they are nearly clear, with a whitish tinge. The basal section of
the 3rd longitudinal vein in both species varies distinctly in its
length relative to that of the anterior cross-vein, in some speci-
mens being one and a quarter times as long, in others as much as
nearly double, and it cannot be relied on exclusively as a specific
character.

The species is represented in the Indian Museum by specimens
from the following localities : Chitlong (Nepal) ; Darjiling, 16-x-05
[Brunetti]; 27-v-10 (6,000 ft.) [D’Abreu]; Kurseong, 23-iv-10
[D’ Abreu]; Naini Tal, 28-ix-o7; Matiana (Simla hills, 8,000 ft.),
28, 30-iv-07 [Annandale]; Chinese Frontier, N. W. Burma (4—
5,000 ft.), xi-ro [C. W. Beebe].

Bibio proximus, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Darjiling. Long. 5 mm.

Head wholly black, clothed with black hairs, including dense
pubescence on the eyes.

Thorax wholly black, dull, dorsum rather more shining ante-
riorly , pubescence black.

Abdomen black with black pubescence.

Legs black: hind femora barely incrassated posteriorly, dis-
tinctly less so than in marci; hind tibiae more incrassated towards

276 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. IV,

tips than in that species, giving a distinct clubbed appearance:
hind metatarsus distinctly incrassated, the second joint of the tarsi
two-thirds as long as the metatarsus. (In marci, the metatarsus
is not at all incrassated, and is twice the length of the next joint.)
Spines on fore tibiae carmine tipped.

Wings very pale grey, only the anterior veins dark, those on
hind part of wing normally pale: rst section of 3rd vein barely as
long as anterior cross-vein (in marci it is always distinctly longer,
often twice as long). Halteres black.

Described from a single @ from Darjiling taken November,
1910, by Mr. D’ Abreu.

Type in Indian Museum.

Notes.—This species is intermediate between marci, L., and
obscuripennts, Meij. From the former it is distinguished by the
black, not dark brown pubescence; the shortness of the basal part
of the 3rd longitudinal vein, and the incrassation of the hind
metatarsus. Minor differences are the lesser incrassation of the
hind femora, the greater incrassation of the hind tibiae and the
pale grey wings, as contrasted with the quite whitish wings of
marct.

When placed by the side of a specimen of marci, these differ-
ences appear sufficiently distinctive.

From obscuripennis, Meij., it differs by its smaller size and
clearer wings and in the structure of the hind metatarsus, which in
Herr de Meijere’s species is not distinctly incrassated and is twice
the length of the following joint.

Bibio abdominalis, mihi, sp. nov.

o @. Western Himalayas. Long. 7-8 mm.

Head wholly black; vertex very small, shining black, with
small distinct ocellar triangle. Eyes (which are densely pubescent
in the o@ with very dark brown or nearly black hair), contiguous
from vertex to antennae, the frontal triangle very small. Antennae
and palpi wholly black, moderately pubescent.

Thorax shining black, closely pubescent; a fan-like bunch
of hair in front of and another one below the root of the wing.
Scutellum and metanotum shining black, the former with long soft
black hairs on posterior margin, with a tendency to curl forwards ;
metanotum bare.

Abdomen shining black in @, with close long black pubes-
cence ; belly similar. Genital organs confined in a hard squarish
segment-like case. In the @ the abdomen is normally wholly
reddish yellow, with minute sparse black pubescence; belly similar.
Genital organs apparently comprised in a flat elevation on the
under side of the last abdominal segment.!

1 In the type ¢ and 2, which still remain united, both abdomens are con-
siderably stretched out, as though the insects in life had endeavoured to separate
themselves, yet no extension of any part of the male genitalia can be seen. There

IgrtI.] E. BRuNETII: New Oriental Nemocera. 274

Legs shining black, anterior femora with dense black hair,
hind pair with the hair much sparser : tibiae and tarsi moderately
pubescent.

Wings dark grey in 2, a little blackish in ? , in both sexes
somewhat iridescent in certain lights, costal cell and stigma brown-
ish, veins dark brown. The basal section of the 3rd longitudinal
vein is almost exactly equal to the anterior cross-vein. The 4th
longitudinal vein forks immediately before the posterior cross-vein.
Halteres blackish.

Described from a type @ and @ taken im cop. by Mr. A. D.
Imms at Badrinath (10,200 ft.), Garhwal district, 27-v-10, also
from one additional @ and three additional 2 @ of the same
date and locality, and a 2 taken by Dr. Annandale at Phagu
(Simla district, 9,000 ft.), II-v-09.

Types in the Indian Museum (also most of the other speci
mens).

NotTes.—One of the three females referred to above has the
abdomen blackish except towards’ the side, where the colour is
sufficiently distinct to identify the specimen with certainty with
this species.

This species is very like B. marci, L,., the common Palaearctic
and North American species, but in that species the @ abdomen
is wholly black as in the ~, so that in spite of the resemblance
between the males, the specific difference between the two forms
is indisputable.

Bibio approximatus, mihi, sp. nov.

? = venosus, Meig., var.

9. Darjiling district. Long. 5-6 mm.

Body wholly black, head much flattened, slightly pubescent.
Dorsum of thorax with sparse short black hairs; a very small
brownish yellow spot just below posterior corners of dorsum.
Scutellum and metanotum black. Legs with terminal spines on
fore tibiae reddish brown, apical spurs on posterior tibiae, brown-
ish yellow. Hind metatarsi not at all thickened, nearly twice as
long as the 2nd tarsal joint. Abdomen with very pale yellowish
hairs. Ovipositor normal.

Wings pale yellowish grey, hardly darker on anterior part ;
veins pale brownish yellow, but clearly defined; those on hinder
part of wing when viewed from certain directions appear almost
as dark as the anterior veins. Stigma large, well defined, oval,
black, a slight narrow blackish suffusion over base of 5th longi-
tudinal vein. Basal portion of 3rd longitudinal vein almost exactly
equal to the length of the anterior cross-vein. Halteres black,
but basal half of stem yellowish.

is a small thick rounded organ between the two abdomen tips of the same red
colour as the ? abdomen, but it is not obvious to which abdomen it really
belongs.

278 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

Described from one @ from Kurseong, November, rgio, taken
by Mr. D’ Abreu.

Type in Indian Museum.

Note.—This species must bear a considerable resemblance at
first sight to Bibio venosus, Meig., owing to the rather clear wings,
the distinctness of the veins, and the similarity in size. Though
the abdomen is given as only a little over 5 mm. in length, it is
probably more in living specimens, as the single example examined
appears to be shortened by shrinkage; otherwise the wings
are abnormally long, their full expanse being 20 mm. The
relative length of the hind metatarsus to the following joint is
practically identical in both species, and it is quite possible the
specimen before me really is a variety of venosus, Meig., bearing
about the same relation to it as obscuripennis does to marci, the
only suggested differences in my new species from venosus being
the grey instead of clear wings, and the pale yellow instead of
whitish colour of the abdominal pubescence.

Bibio discalis, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Western Himalayas. Long. 54 mm.

Head.—F rons over a third the width of the head, dull black
with sparse short black hair. Ocellar triangle normal. Pale hairs
behind the vertex. Antennae black, scape yellowish. Tip of pro-
boscis yellowish and the 1st joint of the palpi also, the remainder
black, all the organs with black pubescence.

Thorax.—Dorsum dull black, sharply delimited from the
wholly yellowish remainder of the thorax. Prothorax consider-
ably enlarged, conspicuously over the anterior corners of the
dorsum. Scutellum yellowish, metanotum black. ‘The whole
thorax, with the scutellum with pale yellow hairs.

Abdomen black; pale yellow hairs on both dorsal and ven-
tral sides, extreme tip and belly yellowish.

Legs yellowish, knees narrowly black ; fore tibiae and tarsi
(in one example) with a slight pale reddish brown tinge and the
spurs carmine tipped ; tips of tarsi brown.

Wings pale grey, anterior border no darker, stigma light
brown, elongate. Halteres yellowish.

Described from two @ 2 from Phagu, Simla district (9,000 ft.),
II-v-og, taken by Dr. Annandale.

Type in Indian Museum.

Notre.—This species has considerable resemblance to B. johan-
mis 2 , but the distinctly yellowish thorax with well-defined black
dorsum at once distinguish it from the European species, in which
the whole thorax is black or blackish brown.

Bibio johannis, L.

Two males, taken by Dr. Annandale at Matiana, 28—30-iv-07,
and another from Theog (9,000 ft.), 2-v-07 (both places, Simla
district), certainly represent this well-known European species.

IgII.] E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 279

Bibio rufifemur, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Darjiling. Long. 6-7 mm.

Head black ; antennae with a little blackish pubescence ; some
short grey hairs behind head. Ocelli close together on a small
triangle on extreme vertex ; frons wholly bare.

Thorax black, a little brownish grey hair on pleurae. Scutel-
lum and metanotum shining black, former with a few short black
hairs on hind margin.

Abdomen black, roughened, with black and brown hairs.

Legs.—Coxae shining black, with microscopic yellow pubes-
cence, and a few longer hairs; tips reddish on outside. Femora
bright orange-red, with sparse, very short, yellow hairs, tips black.
Remainder of legs black, with short black or brown hairs, tips of
tarsi joints narrowly yellowish brown.

Wings brownish grey, darker anteriorly ; costal cell rather
dark brown ; stigma distinctly dark brown, rather small, elongated
egg-shaped, not touching 3rd longitudinal vein. Veins on front
half of wing brown, 4th, 5th and 6th veins brownish yellow: 4th
vein forks rather widely at junction with posterior cross-vein and
just beyond tip of 2nd vein. Halteres black.

Described from two 2 @ in my collection, taken by me at
Darjiling, 20-x-05.

Bibio fuscitibia, mihi, sp. nov.
@. Western Himalayas. Long. 5-6 mm.

Head black, with rather long and thick black hairs, mixed
with some dark brown ones; antennae and palpi black, mouth
greyish white.

Thorax and scutellum shining black, black haired.

Abdomen black, moderately shining, with blackish and dark
brown hairs. Belly similar.

Legs normal ; femora black with brown hairs ; fore tibiae dark
brown, ending in a light brown spine, posterior tibiae reddish
brown, middle pair darker, black at tips, shortly setose; hind pair
with softer hairs, darker towards tips; tarsi brown, darker at tips ;
hind metatarsus thickened, one-and-a-half times as long as next
joint.

Wings nearly clear, stigma dark brown, moderately long, and
distinct: 4th longitudinal vein forking exactly at junction with
outer cross-vein, the branches not widely separated. Halteres
black.

Described from a @ in the Indian Museum collection from
Phakia, Kumaon district (10,700 ft.), taken by Mr. A. D. Imms,
3-vi-09.

N.6.—This species bears a considerable resemblance to the
European B. laniger, Mg., but that species has greyish brown,
thicker, woolly hair, and a comparison of specimens of the two
species shows them to be quite distinct.

280 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoreiVe

Bibio defectus, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Darjiling. Long. 3} mm.

Head and appendages wholly black, very shortly pubescent.

Thorax shining black, with dark brown hairs; scutellum and
sides black.

Abdomen black with brown hairs, greyish hairs at the tip
and at the sides near the base.

Legs dark brown, hind femora nearly black, somewhat long,
distinctly though not greatly clubbed, hind tibiae a little lighter,
with darker streaks, also clubbed.

Wings pale brownish grey; stigma moderately large and
distinct ; 4th longitudinal vein forking distinctly proximad of the
posterior cross-vein, the branches moderately diverging ; lower
branch of 4th and upper branch of 5th veins shortened, not reach-
ing the wing-margin. Halteres black.

Described from a unique @ from Kurseong, taken 13-viii-09
[Paiva]; preserved in the Indian Museum.

NotE.—This species comes in the group containing the Euro-
pean species clavipes, varipes, etc.

Dilophus graciosus, Big.
Redescription.

oa” @. N.India; China. Long. 7 3mm., 2 34-33? mm.

@. Hyes rather bright reddish brown, some long whitish
hairs below the head. Thorax shining, abdomen somewhat
roughened ; posterior margin of scutellum, and a scutellar ridge
below it, connecting it with the metanotum, bright brownish yel-
low. ‘The whole body with short sparse pale hairs. Legs reddish
brown, with yellowish hairs (longest on the femora) ; coxae and
tarsi tips darker. Wings (damaged) nearly clear, stigma dark
brown, distinct but ill-defined ; halteres black, rather large, stems
yellow.

2. Head black, shining, eyes long, antennae jet black.
Thorax bright ferruginous, with a thin black dorsal line, which
widens anteriorly and extends along the anterior borders of the
thorax nearly to the shoulders.

Abdomen dull ferruginous, dorsum of segments blackish, the
first two or three segments nearly wholly blackish on upper side.
Belly ferruginous. Legs black, all the coxae, the fore femora
wholly, middle femora wholly, except the tips, and the basal half
of the hind femora, bright ferruginous. Wings uniformly yellow-
ish grey, stigma large, clear cut, black.

Redescribed from specimens of both sexes in the Indian Museum
including the type ~ and @, which were taken in cop. by Major
Sage in September 1890 at Dharamsala, Western Himalayas. The
other specimens are from Amangarh, Bijnor District, United

EQLIs| E. BRuNETII: New Oriental Nemocera. 281

Provinces, 24-ii-I0 ; Kurseong, 24-vi-ro ; Theog (8,000 ft.), 2-v-07 ;
Phagu (9,000 ft.), 4I1-v-og [Annandale]; Kumaon district
(5,700 it.), July 1909 [Jmms] ; Darjiling, 21-iv-10 [Beebe].

A ¢ in the same collection from Yunnan, South China,
almost certainly represents the same species.

Type o and @ in Indian Museum.

Scatopse brunnescens, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Ceylon. Long. 2 mm.

Whole body and legs dark shining brown, slightly yellowish,
tinged here and there with short whitish pubescence. Dorsum of
abdomen nearly black, belly dark brownish yellow. Antennae
with 2nd scapal joint a little longer than the Ist, followed by six
flagellar short, wide, rounded joints, with a long (equally broad at
its base), conical terminal joint; all the antenna with close greyish
pubescence.

Wings with the two anterior distinct veins joined towards the
base by a short cross-vein, the Ist of these veins ending before
the middle of the costa, the 2nd ending some little distance before
the tip of the wing, at the spot where the costal vein ends. Of
the faint veins, the Ist is perfectly straight, ending some little
distance below the tip of the wing, forked beyond its middle, the
branch vein being anterior to the vein itself, the prong of the
fork ending exactly at the wing tip. The next vein is slightly
curved, attaining the wing-border faintly : the 3rd and 4th veins
are short and distinct, both curved rather suddenly downwards
towards their tips to the hind margin.

Described from one specimen from Peradeniya
[Gravely |.

Type in Indian Museum.

Q-Vili- 10

)

Scatopse nigronitida, mihi, sp. nov.

o @. Western Himalayas. Long. 2-24 mm.

Wholly shining black with minute black pubescence. Femora
with a tinge of dark brown in certain lights. Wings clear; 4th vein
originating immediately proximad of tip of Ist, the branches
diverging gradually up to half their length, afterwards diverging
widely. Upper branch of 5th nearly straight ; lower branch, ort
ginating near base, almost at right angles, nearly straight. Hal-
teres thick, brown.

Described from two pairs taken in cop., an additional ~ and
2 2 2 in the Indian Museum from Dharampur (5,000 ft., Simla
hills), 14-v-08 [Annandale].

282 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL.cLvs,

SIMULIIDAE.
SIMULIUM.
Table of spectes.

A Thorax distinctly reddish brown, with
short yellow hair ; rufithorax, sp. nov.
AA Thorax black; at most with a dull
reddish brown tinge occasionally.
B Thorax with grey shoulder spots, and
a wide greyish band on posterior
margin gVYUSESCENS, SP. NOV.
BB Thorax without either prey, Shoulder
spots or posterior marginal band.
Abdomen destitute of any sign of
yellow hair.
D Hind metatarsus much incrassated,
nearly as long and as large as the
Gl iaeee metatarsalis, sp. nov.
DD Hind metatarsus not SO conspicuously
incrassated: distinctly less in size
than the tibia.!
EK Antennae wholly black. Long.2}mm_ gvisei/rons, sp. nov.
EE Antennae reddish yellow at base.
Long. 13mm. .. “is .. rufibasis, sp. nov.
CC Abdomen with short bright yellow
hair, or with rather shagey brownish
yellow hair.
Abdomen with normal, short, very
bright yellow hair.
G Abdomen with at least the first two
segments distinctly yellowish or
brownish yellow, often several seg-

ments so coloured ae .. indicum, Becher.
GG Abdomen all black ae . aureohirtum, sp. nov.
FF Abdomen with distinctly longer shaggy

brownish yellow hair a . senilis, sp. nov.

Simulium rufithorax, mihi, sp. nov.

¢ 2. Bombay; E. Himalayas. Long. 2 mm.

Head.—Eyes dull red, the upper facets in the ~ very large,
the lower ones small, sharply demarcated from each other, the
eyes being absolutely contiguous from the extreme vertex to the
antennae. In the @ the facets uniformly small, the frons dark
grey, nearly blackish, covered with golden yellow hairs. Proboscis
and palpi blackish, the former with well-developed labella at the

1 Probably a sexual character, but no better one offers itself, and the two
forms may possibly be the 7 and 2 of the same species.

TOLLE. E. BRUNETII: New Oriental Nemocera. 283

tip, the latter with the last joint distinctly the largest. Antennae
more or less reddish brown (in the type o, the scape and two
basal flagellar joints reddish,’ in one ? wholly red, in the other
only slightly so at the base, in all cases with whitish pubescence
over the whole flagellum). A row of whitish hairs behind the eyes
encircling the back of the head.

Thorax wholly rather dull but obviously reddish brown on
dorsum, covered with bright golden yellow hairs, sides of thorax
wholly blackish grey. Scutellum reddish brown, metanotum dark
grey.

Abdomen blackish, the posterior margins of the segments very
narrowly whitish, dorsum with a few pale scattered hairs.

Legs.—Apparently normally the coxae and femora dull reddish
brown or brownish yellow, the tibiae and tarsi blackish, but the
brownish colour extends at least to the hind femora in one of the
female specimens. Hind metatarsus much enlarged in both sexes,
especially so in the » , in both sexes as long as or slightly longer
than the rest of the tarsus and about two-thirds as long as the
tibia.

Wings clear, venation normal. Halteres brownish or blackish.

Described from one @ from Kanara, Bombay, viii-o7, and two
° @ from Karwar, Bombay, viii-o7. Two @ @ in the Indian
Museum are from Kurseong, 10o—26-ix-o9 [Lynch], and 7-1x-09
(type 2 ) | Annandale}.

Type o in the Pusa collection, type 2 in the Indian Museum.

Simulium grisescens, mihi, sp. nov.
@. Darjiling district. Long. 14 mm.

Head set very close on the thorax. Eyes with conspicuously
large facets on upper side; a moderately narrow face below the
antennae, light grey. Antennae black, with rather thick short
grey pubescence, scape brownish yellow. Proboscis blackish,
yellowish at tip; palp black.

Thorax deep velvet-black, evidently originally covered with
the short bright yellow hairs common to most of the Oriental
species, shoulders broadly and squarely pale blue greyish dusted,
the inner corner of the spot nearly rectangular; also a broad
similarly coloured band on the posterior margin. This rather
gives the appearance of the dorsum being of blue-grey ground-
colour with a broad deep black transverse band occupying the
major portion of the surface with a contiguous perpendicular
broad stripe reaching to the anterior margin. Sides of thorax
conspicuously blue-grey dusted; scutellum blackish, metanotum
black.

Abdomen black, apparently with a little brownish yellow
pubescence; Ist segment with blue-grey shimmer, the fan-shaped
side hairs brownish yellow. Belly black.

! Under a strong light, the microscope reveals the whole antenna as dull red-
dish brown, though the flagellum appears mainly black to the naked eye.

284 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vora

Legs.—Fore coxae pale yellowish, posterior coxae blackish
grey. Fore femora principally brownish yellow, a little blackish
towards the tip: posterior femora blackish, the base shortly
yellowish. Fore tibiae and tarsi shining black, the proportions of
the joints as in indicum, but the three first tarsal joints are
widened, although none of them to such an extent as in that
species: 4th and 5th joints very narrow.

Middle tibiae black, narrowly yellowish at base, metatarsus
yellowish, black at tip, rest of tarsus black, the joints narrowly
yellowish at base. Hind tibiae considerably widened, black, very
narrow at base, where it is a little yellowish; hind metatarsus
much enlarged, basal half yellowish, the rest black: remainder of
tarsus black, base of 2nd joint a little yellowish: hind metatarsus
much longer than the rest of the tarsus and practically as long as
the tibia. Both hind tibia and metatarsus with long hairs on the
upper side.

Wings quite clear, venation normal, halteres bright yellow,
large and thick.

Described from a unique type male in the Indian Museum
from Kurseong, taken by Mr. Lynch, 10—26-ix-09.

NotE.—This is a very distinct species, recognisable by the
bluish grey dusted spots on the shoulder; the similarly coloured
band on the posterior margin of the thoracic dorsum, and the first
abdominal segment tinged with the same colour also. The third
fore tarsal joint being widened is also a specific distinction, and
noticeable when specimens of grisescens and indicum are placed
side by side.

Simulium metatarsalis, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Darjiling district. Long. barely 2 mm.

Head very closely applied to the thorax. Eyes contiguous
from vertex to antennae, upper facets very large. Proboscis and
palpi black. Antennae black, with close greyish pubescence.

Thorax black; dorsum with close bright yellow hairs which
appear reddish orange when viewed from certain directions.
Scutellum black, with yellow hairs. Sides of thorax and metano-
tum black. Lower part of thorax anteriorly, grey dusted.

Abdomen wholly black with rather sparse black pubescence, no
trace of gold hairs. Belly similar. The hairs towards the sides of
the Ist segment light brownish.

Legs.—Fore coxae yellowish, posterior pairs blackish. Fore
femora and tibiae dull yellowish, with golden yellow hair nearly
as far as the tip of the latter, which with the whole tarsus, is
black, the tarsus narrow, of equal width throughout. In spite of
the gold hair the fore tibiae viewed from above appear whitish
grey. Middle femora and tibiae slender, basal half of each
yellowish, with some yellow hair, apical half black, as are the
slender middle tarsi. Hind femora mainly black, slightly pale
yellowish at base, tibiae much incrassated, basal half yellowish,

IOEK.| E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 285

with gold-yellow hair, metatarsus much incrassated also. Nearly
as large as the tibia. Relatively larger than in any other Oriental
species, the basal half yellowish, rest of tarsus black. The hind
tibiae and metatarsi with numerous long hairs on upper side.

Wings colourless, venation normal. MHalteres brownish.

Described from a perfect unique @ from Kurseong, taken
28-iii-10, by Dr. Annandale.

Type in the Indian Museum.

NoteE.—From the general resemblance between the two
species, it seems possible that griseifrons may be the @ of this
species.

Simulium griseifrons, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Western Himalayas. Long. nearly 2} mm.

Head.—From between one-third and one-fourth the width of
the head; grey dusted, without any vestige of gold hair; face
convex, blackish. Proboscis and labella reddish brown, palpi
black. Antennae wholly black. Back of head blackish grey
(seen from above, whitish grey), with some black hairs, which
form an irregular fringe behind the eyes.

Thorax (partly denuded) black, apparently covered with
short golden yellow pubescence. Scutellum black, covered with
gold pubescence and with a row of long soft black hairs on hind
margin. Sides of thorax blackish.

Abdomen black, the extreme edge of each segment pale.

Legs.—Fore coxae dull brownish yellow, posterior coxae black.
Femora brownish yellow, apical half black, the colour less pro-
nounced and less extensive on the fore pair. ‘Tibiae, basal two-
thirds yellowish, apical third black; the outer sides of the tibiae.
seen from above, appear whitish. Tarsi black, the anterior ones
with metatarstis as long as the rest of the tarsus, but only slightly
wider. Hind metatarsus considerably incrassated, distinctly
longer than rest of tarsus, and with the basal half yellowish
white.

Wings clear; venation in accordance with the generic charac-
ters. Halteres pale yellow.

Described from one @ from Kalighat, Kumaon (6,000 ft.),
Western Himalayas, taken by Mr. A. D. Imms, 4-vi-Io.

Type in Indian Museum.

NotE.—Possibly the @ of metatarsalis. ‘The only distinctive
character between them seems to be the difference in the size of
the hind metatarsus, and this is probably a sexual one.

Simulium rufibasis, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Darjiling district. Long. 14 mm.

Head.—Frons blackish grey without trace of gold hair, face
light ash-grey. Proboscis and labella dull dark reddish brown;
palpi black. Antennae black, basal two or three joints reddish
yellow.

286 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOLeEV,

Thorax as in previous species, except that the scutellum is
slightly reddish brown at the tip, and that (being denuded) no
golden yellow hair is visible on its dorsum, though such is prob-
ably present in perfect specimens.

Abdomen wholly black, dull.

Legs.—Fore coxae yellowish, posterior coxae black: all
trochanters brownish yellow. Femora black, but fore pair a little
yellowish at the base. Fore tibiae whitish yellow, except a little
blackish at the tip, posterior tibiae yellowish on basal half,
blackish on apical half. Tarsi exactly as in the previous species.

Wings clear; venation normal. Halteres bright yellow.

Described from a2 single type @ in the Indian Museum, taken
by Dr. Annandale at Kurseong, 18-vi-10.

Simulium indicum, Becher.

This species was described originally (Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, lili, 199, pl. xiv) in 1884 from female specimens in the
Indian Museum from Assam.

It appears to be fairly common and widely distributed along
the Himalayas and into Assam, the Museum possessing specimens
from Mussoorie (7,400 ft.), 19-x-09 [Badley Scott]; Simla (7,000
ft.) , 14-iv-07 [Annandale]; Darjiling (7,000 ft.), 12-viii-o9 [ Jenkins];
Kurseong, 10—26-ix-0g [Lynch]; Sylhet, 18-iv-o5 [Hall]; Khasi
Hills, ‘‘ Assam,” 2-iii-o5 [Hall]; and Jaunsa, Tons Valley [C. G.
Rogers].

Of the ~ , which has apparently not previously been recorded,
there are two specimens from the island of Bombay, 25-xi-09, one
of which I propose as the new type of the species, the original
type ¢ not being traceable.

Two other @ @ in the same collection appear to represent a
variety with wholly black abdomen; they come from Darjiling,
1o-viil-0g [Paiva], and Ukhral, Manipur (6,400 ft.) | Petizgrew].

The extent of the yellow on the abdomen is very variable, in
the series of specimens examined.

In general appearance the species resemble aureohirtum, but
differs in the following points :—

The frons is shining greyish white, the humeral calli are dis-
tinctly and rather broadly reddish brown, the colour varying in
extent; the sides of the thorax are distinctly grey dusted (in one
example there is a grey dusted band along the lateral margins of
the dorsum); the antennae are always more or less reddish brown
at the base. The two principal specific characters are, the yellow
colour of, generally at least, the first two abdominal segments,
and the fore metatarsi are distinctly incrassated as well as length-
ened. The fore coxae are yellowish, the posterior ones blackish;
the femora and tibiae are pale on the basal half, the remainder
being black; the fore and hind tibiae are shining whitish yellow.
Tarsi black, posterior metatarsi pale on basal half, more so on
hinder pair. The fore metatarsus and hind metatarsus are both

IQII. | E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 287

lengthened and considerably incrassated; the golden yellow hair
on the hind legs reaches to and covers the metatarsus; it is ap-
parently sparser on the anterior legs.

Simulium aureohirtum, mihi, sp. nov.

o @. Assam and Bombay. Long. 2-3 mm.

Head.—The large upper facets of the eye in the @ relatively
smaller than in the other species, the eyes closely contiguous from
vertex to antennae. Antennae dull reddish brown, varying to
nearly black; sometimes scape and one or two basal flagellar joints
pale also, the remainder blackish, occasionally the whole antennae
brownish yellow. Frons nearly one-third of the head in ¢ , black-
ish grey with rather thick bright vellow hair; face dark grey with
a few yellow hairs. Proboscis and palpi blackish or dark brown.

Thorax blackish, occasionally with a little dull reddish brown
tinge; with close bright yellow hair covering the whole of the
dorsum. Shoulders sometimes reddish brown, the colour occa-
sionally extending narrowly along the anterior margin of the thorax.
The sides blackish grey. bare. Scutellum normally black, but
sometimes reddish brown, always with close yellow hair. Metano-
tum blackish. :

Abdomen blackish, with gold-yellow hair: in some specimens
the characteristic ridge on the first segment is pale on the hind
margin; the usual fan-shaped row of yellow hairs towards each
side on the first segment. Belly black.

Legs.—Normally , fore coxae brownish yellow or pale yellowish,
posterior coxae black or blackish grey. Femora principally reddish
brown or brownish yellow, with a broader or narrower apical band,
this band generally wide on the posterior legs; often the fore
femora wholly pale; sometimes the remaining femora also almost
wholly so. ‘Tibiae generally with basal half (or rather more)
brownish yellow, the remainder black, sometimes whoily dark
brown or brownish black; a slight whitish grey shimmer is visible
inl some specimens viewed from above. ‘farsi blackish or dark
brown, basal half of metatarsus normally pale, the extent of the
colour varying considerably. Fore tarsi ~ @ not widened, meta-
tarsus barely as long as rest of tarsus, whole tarsus distinctly longer
than tibia. Middle tarsi in both sexes about as long as the tibia,
metatarsus equal to the remainder of the tarsus. Hind tarsi in
@ considerably thickened, three-fourths as long as tibia, and
distinctly longer than the rest of the tarsus, whole tarsus a little
longer than tibia. Hind tarsus in @ of the same proportion as in
the o except being less thickened.

The coxae, femora, outer side of tibiae, and the under side of
the hind metatarsus (the latter in @ only) bear golden yellow hair
more or less prominently in «, more sparsely in @.

Wings clear, venation normal. Halteres brownish or brownish
yellow.

288 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor EVs

Described from two ~ » from Umling, Assam, iii-o7 (includ-
ing type «), and several 2 @ from Kanara, Bombay, vili-07 (in-
cluding type 2), alsotwo @ @ from Umling, 1i1-07, all in the Pusa
collection. A ? with all the pubescence rubbed from the abdo-
men is probably this species. It is in the Indian Museum, from
Kurseong, 6-ix-09.

Types in Pusa collection.

Nores.—Although none of the specimens are in good condi-
tion, the specific characters as illustrated by the full series seem to
be sufficiently distinctive from indicum to warrant the claim of the
species to specific rank. The differences I perceive are, (i) the
abdomen is wholly black, instead of yellowish at the base ; (11) the
blackish grey, not whitish grey sides to the thorax ; (iii) the barely
widened fore tarsi in the 2, compared with the conspicuously
widened two first joints in zndicum. ‘The amount of bright yellow
hair also appears greater in this species, especially on the legs.

Simulium senilis, mihi, sp. nov.

7. Western Himalayas. Long. 3 mm.

Head.—¥yes closely contiguous, the head applied very closely
to the thorax. Proboscis, palpi, antennae and under side of head
wholly black.

Thorax black, with short bright yellow hair. Sides black,
with a little greyish reflection. Scutellum black, with bright
yellow hair, metanotum black.

Abdomen black with moderately sparse but rather ragged
yellowish or brownish yellow hairs which are distinctly longer
than in any other Oriental species, and present an appearance of
shagginess. ‘The first segment has the characteristic (generic)
ridge a little pale, with, towards each side, very long shaggy
brownish yellow hair which reaches nearly to the middle of the
abdomen.

Legs.—Fore coxae pale yellowish, posterior coxae blackish.
All femora yellowish, a little darker at the tip, especially the
hind pair. All tibiae dirty yellowish, a little darker towards the
tip ; both femora and tibiae with golden yellow hair, which is less
obvious on the latter. Anterior tarsi black, narrow, not at all
enlarged, metatarsus equal in length to the remainder of the
tarsus, the whole tarsus about as long as the tibia. Hind meta-
tarsus enlarged, two-thirds as long as the tibia, yellowish, the tip
black, remainder of tarsus black with the bases of one or two of
the joints a little yellowish.

Wings colourless, venation normal.

Described from a single @ in good condition in the Indian
Museum taken by Dr. Annandale, 8-v-07, at Phagu (8,700 ft.),
Simla district. :

NotEe.—The length and somewhat shaggy appearance of the
hair on the abdomen effectually distinguishes this species from
other eastern ones.

IQEL.) E. BRuNETII: New Oriental Nemocera. 289

PSY CHODIDAE.
Table of subfamiltes.

The 7th longitudinal vein absent.' The
2nd longitudinal forks at, or only very
little before, the middle of the wing.
Prongs of upper branch always fork
distad of middle of wing (in P. mala-
bavicus, at the middle). Genitalia of
the o with three pairs of append-
ages; ovipositor in ¢ without horny
scimitar-shaped pair of valves . PHLEBOTOMINAE.

N.B.—One genus only, Phlebotomus Rond.,
is Ouentt,

The 7th longitudinal vein conspicuously
present. The 2nd longitudinal forks
quite near base of wing ; always before
the first fourth of the wing’s length.
Prongs of upper branch always fork
proximad of middle of wing. Genitalia
in the o with two (Psychoda Latr.,
Pericoma Wlk.) or three (Brunetiza
Ann., Parabrunettia gen nov.) pairs of
appendages ; ovipositor in @ consisting
of a conspicuous horny scimitar-shaped
projecting appendage, forming a pair
of valves .. sd ei .. PSYCHODINAE.

Since the publication by me, comparatively recently (Rec.
Ind. Mus., ii, 369), of several new species of Psychoda and
Pericoma from India, a considerable quantity of fresh material has
accumulated at the Indian Museum, but it is to be regretted that
the present notes and description do not in any way bring our
knowledge of the Oriental, or even the Indian species up to date,
as there still remains a residuum of small obscure specimens
which I have been unable to deal with successfully. They may
represent few species or a number of either described or of undes-
cribed ones. Much further study is required on the limits of those
already known before additional ones should be described. At
present I am able to sink my Pericoma appendiculata definitely as
the 2 of spinicornis; and P. bella as a synonym of margini-
notata. No further specimens of Psychoda dtstincta, albonotata
and albonigra have come before me, but good or fair series of
bengalensis. nigripennis, and vittata have stamped these as
good species. The first three species of Psychoda in my table

) In Phiebotomus papatasii an exceedingly short 7th longitudinal vein occurs
at the base of the 6th running almost direct to the wing-margin. It is liable to
be entirely overlooked but Grassi figures it, and it is found in P. perturbans, Meij.

290 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

(l. c., p. 370) are referred to a new genus, closely allied to the
recently established Brunettia, Annandale, but of these species, no
further specimens have been seen of squamtpennis and argenteo-
punctata.

Four genera are recognised here in the Psychodinae Psychoda
and Pericoma, which never possess conspicuously scaled wings and
conspicuous chaetae together in the same species;' and Brunettia
and Parabrunetiia (the latter, new) in which both scaled wings and
tolerably or very conspicuous chaetae on the flagellar joints of the
antennae are simultaneously present. JI am still much in doubt,
however, as to the limits of both these latter genera.

Eaton’s genera are, to my thinking, untenable,” yet the
group of species with thickly scaled, broad wings, generally with
hairs closely covering the surface also, and with distinct chaetae
on the flagellum, seems a well-defined one ; all of these possess the
venation of Psychoda except superstes, which, being the first
species described, must remain typical of Brunettia.

At the present state of our knowledge it appears to me that
it will eventuaily be found that the three genera Psychoda,
Pericoma and Parabrunettia all possess some species with and
some species without: (1) areas of conspicuous extent on the
wings covered with scales ; (2) hairs on the surface of the wings
in addition to those on the veins; and (3) some species with the
2nd longitudinal vein forking before (proximad of) the origin of
the 3rd longitudinal vein whilst other species have the fork
beyond (distad of) the origin of the 3rd vein. None of these can
by any means be regarded as generic characters, but serve very
well as primary divisions of the species into groups.

The genital organs have not occupied much attention hitherto,
but Dr. Annandale is engaged to some extent on their examina-
tion. In dried specimens their exact observation is always
difficult.

The presence of the spiral chaetae (so conspicuously devel-
oped in Brunettia superstes) in Psychoda distincta, Pericoma spini-
cornis and margininotata, though much inferior in size, affords
a further point on which to separate or substantiate species,
but they must not be regarded as of more than specific value.
Dr. Annandale has also discovered in Psychoda bengalensits and
nigripennis a previously overlooked peculiarity in the shape of a
pair of very small bifid chaetae on each joint (except the last) of
the flagellum, having the appearance of two pairs of cow’s horns.
They may, quite possibly, be present in some other species, but
require very minute examination, being almost transparent.

| «« Conspicuous ’’ is emphasized, as very small chaetae (differing only in size
from those in Parabrunettia), are found by Dr. Annandale to be present in some
species of Pericoma. They appear to be absent in most species of Psychoda.

2 A number of genera in Psychodidae, created on variations of scales on the
wings, seems wholly undesirable, as tending to reduce the family to the level of
taxonomic absurdity at present happily to be found only in the Culicidae.

IgII.] E. Brunetti1: New Oriental Nemocera. 201

PSYCHODA and PERICOMA.

A closer study of the Indian species in these two genera
(which represent the only Oriental ones available) results in several
characters being found which were not made use of in my pre-
vious paper on this family.

Firstly there is the presence or absence of distinct scales on
the wings—nearly always of some shade of brown, although
sometimes appearing whitish or greyish when viewed from certain
directions. These scales appear in only one species (apicalts) of
Psychoda, but characterise several species in Pericoma, whilst
in Parabrunettia they are present in some species on both the
upper and lower surfaces of the wing, and in others on the lower
surface only.

In referring to these scales, allusion is not made to a certain
number of scale-like hairs or even true scales, few in number and
irregularly placed, at the base of the wing, and which may be
present in many species, possibly adventitiously ; but only to
cases where the scales are numerous, eminently conspicuous and
arranged in regular rows, covering thickly the whole of such
,portion of the wing-surface as they may occupy.

The second character, which, like that of scales, is quite con-
sistent in its occurrence or absence, is that of hairs, comparatively
soft or at least less bristly than usual, closely covering the sur-
face of the wing as well as the veins and arranged longitudinally
or nearly so, so that they do not form the ‘“‘ criss-cross”’ pattern
obvious in the case of all those species in which the hairs are
confined to the veins. It is quite obvious at a glance to which
category any wing belongs except in the densely scaled ones.

The third consistent character is the position at which the
2nd longitudinal vein forks (always near the base of the wing) :
whether before or after (proximad or distad of) the origin of the
3rd longitudinal vein.

Further characters appear less definite and should best be
applied only to the separation of closely-allied species, being
liable to occasional variation.

The three principal characters above specified can be used in
both Psychoda and Pericoma.! Under Brunettia and Parabrunettia
(two at present rather indefinitely characterised genera) are given
some considerations relating, chiefly or wholly, to those species at
present referred to them.

PSYCHODA, Latr.
Table of specves.

A Surface of wing either without scales, or
(when such are present) limited to a
1 Probably they will be found to apply equally well to at least Pavabrunettia

also, when this genus is more closely characterised and a larger number of its
species better understood.

292 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vors lve

few small tufts forming spots placed
at the tips of the veins, on the
margin of the wing or at the forking
of the veins: never covering any
appreciable extent of the wing-sur-
face.| Sometimes a few, irregular-
ly placed, at the base of the wings.
B Wings with the hazrs on the veins only,
arranged in two divaricate depress-
ed rows, one on each side, and
generally overlapping those of the
contiguous veins, presenting a
““criss-cross’’ appearance to the
whole wing. No hatrs whatever on
the surface of the wing. No obvious
scales, except as forming the small
spots.
Wing with distinct black hair-spots at
the tips of many or all of the veins.
D The 2nd longitudinal vein forks very
closely proximad or distad of the
base of the 3rd vein.
EK Fore metatarsi wholly white scaled .. geniculata, sp. nov.
EE Fore metatarsi never wholly white
scaled (at the tip only in albonigra,
and not at all in bengalensis).
F Wings with thick black bushy hair on
costa, with small spots (each com-
posed of one or two white scales),
placed along a considerable section
of it, at apparently regular inter-
vals. (The 2nd longitudinal vein
forks immediately proximad of the
base of the 3rd vein; the fork of
the anterior branch of the 2nd vein
opposite that of the 4th vein.) .. albonigra, Brun.
FF Wings with only normally blackish
grey hair; scale-spots wholly absent.
The 2nd longitudinal vein forks
barely distad of the base of the 3rd
vein, practically simultaneously.
The fork of the anterior branch of
the 2nd vein a little distad of that
of the 4th vein: .- AP :
DD The 2nd longitudinal vein forks con-
siderably distad of the base of the
3rd vein.

bengalensis, Brun.

! An apparent exception is P. orbicularis, in which scales are present on the
basal portion of the veins only, but never on the surface of the wing, that is to
say, emanating from the surface.

Coe] E. BRUNETTI : New Oriental Nemocera.

G White scale-spots absent from tips of

veins. ‘Tips of tibiae and metatarsi

not white scaled

GG White scale-spots present ‘at tips of

veins. ‘Tips of tibiae and metatarsi

with white scales ¥

CC Wings without hair-spots ait tips ei
veins.

H Veins of wings wholly without rows of
distinct scales on any part of their
length, nor distally in the form of
spots.

I The 2nd longitudinal vein forks distad
of the base of the 3rd vein. Hairs
on veins uniformly blackish—no
conspicuous lighter sections of hairs.
The middle veins (2nd, 3rd and 4th)
nearly straight or gently bisinuate.

J Thorax with blackish grey hair. An-
terior branch of 2nd longitudinal
vein forking a little beyond the
middle of the wing, the 4th forking
a little before the middle :

JJ Thorax with bright yellowish brown
hair. Anterior branch of 2nd vein
forks as in ntgripennis, but the 4th
vein forks near base of wing

Il ‘The 2nd longitudinal vein forks proxt-
mad of the base of the 3rd _ vein.
Hairs on veins mainly blackish but
with a transverse band of light
brown hairs, formed by a short row
placed beyond the middle part of
each vein, in the distal portion of
the wing, The middle veins (2nd,
3rd, 4th) distinctly arcuate

HH Veins of wings with distinct scales on
the basal fourth of all of them

BB Wing with the surface closely covered
with hairs as well as the veins, the
hairs placed much more longitudin-
ally than in the species of B section,
giving a longitudinal appearance to
the pubescence instead of a criss-
cross network.

K Distinct spots at least near the margin
of the wing, white or black or both,
composed of small scales or stiff
hairs.

. distans, sp. nov.

. albopicta, sp. nov.

nigripennis, Brun.

. orbicularis ,

. fulvohirta, sp. nov.

. vittata, Brun.

sp. nov.

204 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE Ly.

I, The white spots on wing chiefly con-
fined to the wing-border, or at fork-
ing of 2nd and 4th veins.
M Anterior branch of 2nd longitudinal

vein forks opposite fork of the 4th

vein. A few scales near the base of

the wing. The small white scaly

hair-spots placed at the tip of each

vein, wherever they occur .. albonotata, Brun.
MM Anterior branch of 2nd longitudinal

vein forks a little proximad of the

fork of the 4th vein. The white

spots composed of white hairs, not

scales, and placed between the tips

of the veins, not at the tips . distincta, Brun.
MMM Anterior branch of 2nd longitudinal

vein forks near middle of wing, a

little distad of the fork of the 4th

vein. All three terminations of the

2nd, and that of the 3rd vein with a

pair of small spots placed very closely

together, composed of a few elong-

ate yellow bristly hairs. Lower

branch of 4th vein, and the 5th

vein, at their tips with conspicuous

black hair-spots. Tips of other

veins with more or less inconspi-

cuous black hair-spots, or a tend-

ency thereto 4. . decora, sp. nov.
LIL, The white spots (20 or more) distri-

buted irregularly along all the veins,

giving the entire wing a eee

appearance Af . maculipennts, sp.nov.
KK _ No distinct spots near or at the wing-

margin. With or without two

transverse narrow bands of grey

scale-like hairs.

N With such transverse bands .. transversa, sp. nov.
NN Wing wholly unmarked .. .. hirtipennts, sp. nov.
AA Surface of wing wholly covered with

closely-placed imbricating dark scales apicalis, sp. nov.

Psychoda geniculata, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Ceylon. Long. about 14 mm.

Very near P. albonigra, mihi.

A dark brown species with dark brown wings and conspicuous
white spots on the legs. Wings with black and white spots near
tips of veins.

I9OII.] E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 295

Body clothed with thick blackish brown hair, with which is
intermixed on the thorax, some fan-shaped tufts of whitish
grey hair. White bristly, almost scale-like, hair on vertex and
bristly black hair on frons and face. Antennae with very elongate
flask-shaped joints, verticillate as in P. bengalensits; scape with
milk-white elongate scales; chaetae present on flagellum, but
small, curved, not S-shaped ; pubescence of flagellum greyish white.

Legs with light brown scales and some bristly hairs. Knees
narrowly but distinctly white, through the presence of a few snow-
white small elongate scales. ‘Tips of tibiae and of the metatarsi
with a circlet of small elongate snow-white scales. Front meta-
tarsi almost wholly white scaled. Some pale stiff bristles on the
legs but apparently no actual isolated elongate scales as in albo-
nigra.

Wings with hairs situated on the veins only, rich brown in
colour, showing golden brown with violet iridescence in certain
lights. No surface scales on the wings, the only ones present being
the smail ones forming the spots at the tips of the veins. Black
bristly hair-spots at tips of practically all the veins ; some white
scaly hair-spots near tips of some of the veins, and a few on each
of the two lower branches of the 2nd longitudinal vein and both
branches of the 4th vein, all placed at a little before their tips. A
larger white scaly hair-spot near the base of the costa, and some
isolated erect white hairs placed irregularly here and there on the
veins. The 2nd longitudinal vein forks immediately distad of the
base of the 3rd vein, the upper branch of the former forking barely
beyond the middle of the wing, and very little distad of the fork
of the 4th vein.

Described from one @ in the Indian Museum from Pera-
deniya, Ceylon, taken by Mr. E. E. Green in October IgIo.

It is in perfect condition and is a distinctly good species.

Psychoda albonigra, mihi.

To the description of this species may be added, ‘‘ knees with
a very few small white scales; tips of the metatarsi with a circlet
of white scales.”

The type still remains the only known specimen.

Psychoda bengalensis, mihi.

In the figure of the wing of this species, no auxiliary vein is
shown, although it is, of course, distinctly present, extending at
least to a point beyond the fork of the 2nd longitudinal vein.

Additional data.—Darjiling (5,000 ft.) , 3—4-vii-08 [ Annandale] ;
(7,000 ft.), 5—8-viii-og [Paiva]; Kurseong, 24-iii-10; 25—26-vi-10
[Annandale]; Phagu (9,000 ft.), I1-v-09; Barogh (5,000 ft.),
I0-v-I0; Kasauli (6,300 ft.), 15-v-oS8; Dharampur (5,000 ft.),
13-v-08 (all four localities, Simla hills, taken by Dr. Annandale) ,
Naini Tal (6—7,000 ft., Western Himalayas) [Lloyd]; Calcutta;

296 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor lV:

common vi, vii, viii [dunandale and others}; Dum Dum, near
Calcutta, 29-vii-og [Lord]; Madhupur, Bengal, 22-x-0g [Paiva];
Port Canning (Ganges delta), 6-xit07 [Annandale|; Bangalore,
Mysore State (3,000 ft.), 16-x-10; Trivandrum, 13-xi-o8 ; Kulatu-
puzha (W. base of Western Ghats, Travancore), 19-xi-o8 ; Madda-
thorai, same district, 17-xi-08 (all three, South India, taken by Dr.
Annandale); Peradeniya, Ceylon, 8-vi-1o [Gravely|; Moulmein,
Lower Burma, 25-11-08 [Annandale].

Psychoda distans, mihi, sp. nov.

9. South India. Long. barely 1 mm.

Body covered with dark brown hair, mixed here and there
with grey, the ground colour of the thorax yellowish brown, with
dark greyish hair. Legs brown, the tarsi a little lighter, no white
tips *> tibiae or metatarsi.

Wings with the two divaricate rows of hairs on the veins
only. The 2nd longitudinal vein forks considerably distad of the
base of the 3rd; the anterior branch forking just beyond one
third of the wing, and nearly opposite the fork of the 4th vein.

A distinct and rather large black bristly hair-spot at the tip of
each vein. No white scale- or hair-spots on the wing. A distinct
though not conspicuous spot composed of black hairs, at the fork
of the 2nd longitudinal vein and the fork of its anterior branch
also.

Described from a single @ in the Indian Museum from
Maddathorai, Travancore State, South India, taken by Dr. Annan-
dale, 16-xi-08.

N.B.—The genital organs are not easily seen but the specimen
appears to bea @.

Psychoda albopicta, mihi, sp. nov.

2. Bengal. Long. 13 mm.

Very near P. distans, but differing from that species, by very
distinct though small white scale-spots at the tips of most of the
veins, including the 3rd vein. A conspicuous bunch of black
scaly hairs at the fork of the anterior branch of the 2nd longi-
tudinal vein, and the fork of the 4th vein. Some of the black
hair-spots at the tips of the veins are much less distinct than in
distans.

Fringe of wing dark brown on costa, lighter brown on
posterior margin, the whole appearing golden brown in certain
lights. The hairs on the wing are brown, darker towards the
base.

The body is dark, with brownish yellow hair, which is darker
brown on the thoracic dorsum, and almost yellow in places.
Antennae brown, flagellar joints flask-shaped with long necks,
the verticillate hairs widely expanded. Long sinuous chaetae

LORE) E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 207

distinctly present. The tips of the tibiae and of the metatarsi
with a narrow circlet of white scales: the legs moderately dark
brown.

Described from a single type 2 in the Pusa collection, taken
at Pusa, Bengal, 8-1-08.

Psychoda nigripennis, mihi.

Several specimens recently acquired by the Indian Museum
through the generosity of Mr. C. W. Beebe, are in all probability
this species, taken by that gentleman ten miles south of Kuching,
Sarawak, Borneo, 25-vi-10.

Being mounted on microscopic slides their absolute identifi-
cation is impossible, in the absence of any previous examination.

Additional data respecting this species —Darjiling, 3-vii-08
[Annandale|; 8—r1I-vili-og [Paiva]; Kurseong, 23—25-vi-08
[Annandale]; Simla, 9-v-09, and Phagu (Simla district, 9,000 ft.),
iI-v-0g | Annandale]; Calcutta, common in June, July, August ;
24-11-10, hatched from partially dried freshwater sponge from edge
of a garden pond; Kichha, Naini Tal (plains), 4-iv-og [Hodgart] ;
and the following localities from South India, collected by Dr.
Annandale: Trivandrum, 13-xi-08; Shasthancotta, near Quilon,
7-x1-08, ‘‘ at light ;’’ Maddathorai, 16—18-x1-08 ; Tenmalai, 22-xi-08;
Nedumangad near Trivandrum, 14-xi-o8; Ernakulam (Cochin),
4-xi-08.

Psychoda fulvohirta, mihi, sp. nov.

?. Darjiling district. Long. 14 mm.

Body covered with blackish grey hair, with the exception of
the thorax where the hair is conspicuously bright vellowish brown,
that of the alulae being more yellow. Antennae as in nigrifennis.
Legs blackish, without any ornamentation.

Wings with the appearance of those of nigripennis. The 2nd
longitudinal vein forks distinctly distad of the base of the 3rd
vein, and its anterior branch forks a little beyond the middle of
the wing very considerably beyond the fork of the 4th vein, which
occurs towards its base. The 3rd vein is gently bisinuate.

The hairs on the wings are blackish grey, those towards the
base being blacker, and those of the posterior marginal fringe
somewhat greyish.

Described from two @ @ from Darjiling (7,000 ft.), 7-viii-o9,
type [Paiva]; and Kurseong, 26-vi-1o [Annandale|; both in the
Indian Museum.

N.B.—The bright yellowish brown colour of the hair on the
thorax makes this species easily distinguishable from all others
except those specimens of margininotata with similarly coloured
hair, but from that species the wholly unmarked wing and un-
ornamented tarsi will readily separate it.

298 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vous IVE

Psychoda vittata, mihi.

A o@ has been taken by Dr. Annandale at Maddathorai,
Travancore, South India, 18-xi-o8. This sex was not previously
known, but the genital organs appear normally generic in
character. The wings in this species are distinctly lanceolate,
the fringe of the wings is darker on the section contiguous to the
brownish band of hairs, and also in the neighbourhood of the
wing tip. A good specific character is the curved nature of the
middle veins of the wing (2nd, 3rd and 4th, with their branches),
which distinguish it to some extent from its nearest allies,
jugripennts and fulvohirta.

Of the ‘‘ further specimens’’ remarked by me after the origi-
nal description of the species, as being in the Indian Museum, two
are now destroyed, and the other two are certainly vzttata.

Additional data.— Several specimens in the Indian Museum,
I1—26-vii-08 , and one, 16-xi-08, from Calcutta.

Psychoda orbicularis, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Bengal. Long. # mm.

Very near P. nigripennis, but differing by the presence of
distinct elongate brown scales on the basal fourth of all the veins.
The wing is lanceolate in shape, the entire margin very distinct,
whence its name, the costal fringe blackish, but appearing lighter .
if viewed from certain directions; the fringe of the posterior
margin light greyish. The 2nd longitudinal vein forks distinctly
distad of the base of the 3rd vein, the anterior branch forking
immediately before the middle. The 4th vein forks distinctly
before one-third of the wing.

The body is covered with brown or brownish grey hair. The
antennae as in P. nigripennis, with grey pubescence. The legs
yellowish grey, with light greyish pubescence.

Described from a single @ in good condition from Pusa, ~
21-xii-o8. In the Pusa collection.

Psychoda albonotata, mihi.

It should be noted that the whole surface of the wing 1s hairy
in this species, as in all the following species. Moreover there are
some distinct shortly elongate dark brown scales over the base of
the wing. The Sylhet specimen noted by me ' is almost certainly
this species and the few white scales on its abdomen were probably
accidentally attached, not forming part at all of the insect’s
vestiture.

Psychoda distincta, mihi.

In the original description of this species is an inaccuracy res-
pecting the scales noted to occur on the basal half of the wing

1 Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 374.

Ig1l1.] E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera 299

{n the type specimen (the only one now existing, as the one dated
1-i-o5 has been accidentally destroyed) there is absolutely no trace
of any such scales, either at the base of the wing or elsewhere on
it, with the exception of the very small ones that compose the
wing-margin spots.

The pinned specimen dated 30-1-05 is the type; the third
specimen (which is mounted on a slide, and which shows the
scales mentioned), not belonging to this species.

Psychoda decora, mihi, sp. nov.

2. South India. Long. I mm.

Body covered with blackish hair, the thorax covered with
bright yellowish brown hair. Antennae with the pubescence
rather closely compressed, as in P. mnigripennis. Legs brown,
normally scaled and pubescent.

Wings with dark brown and blackish hairs covering the sur-
face as well as the veins. Two inconspicuous and incomplete
narrow transverse lines passing across the wing similar in position
to those in P. transversa, composed of light brown or yellowish
brown hairs, placed in small sections. Two distinct black spots
near the base of the wing, composed of stiff, erect long black
thickened hairs, one spot on the base of the 2nd vein, just before
the fork, and the other on the anterior branch just beyond the
fork. The wing-fringe is greyish, with blacker sections here and
there, the hair is also darker along the costa.

Described from one ¢@ in the Indian Museum taken by
Dr. Annandale at Tenmalai, Travancore State, South India,
22-x1-08.

Psychoda maculipennis, mili, sp. nov.

? @. Ceylon. Long. I mm.

Body with rich dark brown hair towards sides of dorsum,
yellowish grey in middle and anteriorly, deep blackish brown on
abdomen. Antennae with verticillate hairs thick and close,
brownish, but showing greyish reflection. Palpi black with grey
scales; grey scales on face, black bristly hair on frons; grey hair
on vertex.

Legs brownish, with concolorous bristly hair and _ scales ;
tarsi with dirty grey scales.

Wings with surface as well as veins closely covered with dark
brown hairs. Wing-border with a narrow fringe of black hairs,
which is tolerably well defined from the longer greyish fringe
around the whole margin. At numerous and apparently irregular
intervals these short black hairs are replaced by white or greyish
ones, and along most of the veins irregularly placed, and at the
tips of most of the veins are very small spots composed of a few
white hairs. These small white spots (to the extent of twenty or
more) give the whole wing a spotted appearance that immediately
distinguishes it from all other species.

300 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vous hve

Described from a single specimen, apparently a o, in
good condition, from Peradeniya, Ceylon, taken 17-vi-Io by
Mr. E. E. Green. In the Indian Museum.

Psychoda transversa, mihi, sp. nov.

? 9. “Darilines: Wonge tenn.

Body covered with brownish grey or brownish yellow bristly
hairs. Antennae as in nigripennis. Legs blackish with the tarsi
showing a lighter shade in certain lights, the tips of the joints
with small pale scales.

Wings densely covered with blackish hairs situated over the
entire surface of the wings as well as on the veins.

No hair-spots nor scale-spots at the tips of any of the veins,
but two narrow transverse bands composed of elongated, thick-
ened (almost scale-like) greyish white hairs, the first placed just
before the middle of the wing, the second just beyond three-
fourths of the wing ; both bands extending from the costa to the
hind margin.

Described from a single specimen, which is apparently a 2
(the genital organ not being clearly visible), in the Indian Mus-
eum, from Kurseong (4,700—5,000 ft.), 20-vi-10, taken by Dr.
Annandale.

N.B.—The two conspicuous transverse bands of grey stiff
hairs on the wings immediately distinguish this species from all
other Oriental ones.

Psychoda hirtipennis, mihi, sp. nov.

2. Daryiling district;"S. India; Bengal’ Long. “about
14 mm.

Body brownish yellow, with yellowish brown or brownish grey
hair varying both in shade and intensity. Antennae practically
as in P. mgripennis. Legs with light brown scales, tarsi not
obviously lighter, except when viewed in certain directions.

Wings lanceolate, the brown hairs covering the surface of the
wing and placed mainly longitudinally, no regularly divaricate
rows of hairs on the veins. Some erect bristly hairs on the basal
fourth of the wing.

Described from several specimens in the Indian Museum
presenting the following data: Kurseong, 5-ix-og; Bangalore,
15-x-10; Maddathorai, 18-x1-08 ; Trivandrum, 12—13-xi-08 (the last
three places in South India, taken by Dr. Annandale); Calcutta,
2 -xA-TO!

N.B.—One example of the above series (from Maddathorai),
varies more than the others by having browner legs, brighter
brown hair on the thorax, and a tendency to patches of darker
hairs on the wing, with light greyish reflections here and there.
The specimen seems to come within the probable specific range
of hirtipennts, which is certainly of variable nature.

IgII. | E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 301

Psychoda apicalis, mihi, sp. nov.
? 2. South India. Length of wing 2 mm.

Body with dark brown hair on the thorax, a little lighter here
and there. The abdomen (subsequently lost) seems to have been
covered with small elongate whitish scales, which, when viewed in
certain lights, show prismatic colours. Antennae as in P. nigri-
pennts, the pubescence very dense, lying rather close, so that the
outline of the flagellum appears to have parallel sides. Legs closely
covered with blackish scales; tips of tibiae and of metatarsi, with
a row of white scales, of which there are a few on the tarsi.

Wings very lanceolate and narrow, wholly covered with
closely placed, overlapping dark brown scales. It is difficult to
see whether hairs are present on the actual surface of the wing or
not, but apparently (and in all probability) they are present.
Some are present on the veins.

The 2nd longitudinal vein forks considerably distad of the
base of the 3rd vein; the anterior branch forking again distinctly
beyond the middle of the wing, a good distance beyond the fork
of the 4th vein, which occurs just before the middle of the wing.

Wing-border wholly unmarked, bearing a blackish brown
fringe, darkest on the costa and at the base of the hind margin:
a small are of nearly snow-white hairs at the tip of the wing.

Described from a single 2 (2) in the Indian Museum from
Maddathorai, Travancore State, South India, 16-xt-08, taken by
Dr. Annandale.

N.B.—Very distinct from all other species by the densely
scaled wing, with snow-white fringe at the tip. The abdomen has
been lost in mounting the specimen for the microscope, after the
description was drawn up, but the length of the insect was over-
looked. It is a small species, the wing measuring 2 mm. in
length. The sex is not quite certain, but was noted originally

s ‘‘probably ?.”

PERICOMA, WIk.
Table of spectes.

A Wing with two rows of depressed
scales on all the veins from the base
to the middle where they area
develop into bristly hairs . Ssquanunervis, Sp. nov.
AA Wing without scales, except small ones
in the nature of tufts forming spots
at the tips of the veins or at or near
their forkings.
B_ Wing surface completely covered with
comparatively soft black hairs, in
addition to those on the veins .. annandaler, Brun.
BB Wing surface wholly destitute of hairs
(except an isolated one or two near

302

Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor iv;

the margin and a few at extreme
base of wing). The hairs placed
exclusively on the veins.

C Lower branch of 4th longitudinal vein

with a distinct appendix at its basal
angle. (The 2nd longitudinal vein
forks proximad of the base of the
3rd vein.) Antennae in ~ with six
prominent erect spines on the upper
side of the Ist flagellar joint, which
is considerably lengthened. (An-
tennae in @ without such spines,
the rst flagellar joint not abnor-
mally lengthened.)

CC Lower branch of 4th longitudinal vein

without such appendix at its basal
angle. The 1st flagellar joint not
abnormally lengthened in either sex,
and always without the prominent
spines.

Wing with smail but distinct spots at

the tips of many or all of the veins,
composed of black or white hairs,
scale-like hairs, or true scales, often
a black and a white spot both
present at the tip of the same vein.

A distinct section of the marginal

fringe at the tip of the wing, com-
posed wholly of white or whitish
hairs.

Metatarsus normally black, except for

an apical fringe of small white
scales. Marginal fringe of wing
with sections composed of grey or
whitish grey hair. (The 2nd longi-
tudinal vein forks proximad of the
base of the 3rd vein.)

Metatarsus with at least the apical

half covered with whitish scales.!
Marginal fringe of wing with only
one are of whitish grey hair, which
is apical. (The 2nd _ longitudinal
vein forks proximad of the base of
the 3rd vein.) .. :

the marginal fringe at the wing-tip.

. spinicornis, Brun.

(appendiculata,
Brun.)

margininotata, Brun.
(bella, Brun.)

: .. metatarsalis, sp. nov.
No distinct section of white hairs in

1 In two out of the three specimens present before me it is wholly covered

with the whitish scales, except rather narrowly at the base.

IQIt.| KR. BruNETII: New Oriental Nemocera. 303

G Distinct bright yellow hairs in short
sections on the veins, these sections
so situated as to form an irregular
transverse line from the costa to
near the distal end of the posterior
margin. Costa with very thick
black bristly hair. (The 2nd longi-
tudinal vein forks distad of the base
of the 3rd vein.) . mxta, sp. nov.
GG No distinct sections of Brent velo
hairs on the veins, any hairs of such
colour being isolated and excep-
tional. Costa with only normally
black or blackish hairs, with some
sections of lighter coloured hairs.
H ‘Tarsi (apart from metatarsi) wholly
white.
I Metatarsi wholly white. The 2nd
longitudinal vein forks proximad of
origin of 3rd vein . lactevtarsis, Brun.
ei! Metatarsi black, with white ‘scales at
tips. The 2nd longitudinal vein
forks distinctly distad of the origin
of the 3rd vein .. . gilvtpes, Brun.
HH Tarsi black: (apical third of fore
metatarsi) and tips of posterior
metatarsi with small white scales .. Proxima, sp. nov.
DD Wings without distinct hair- or scale-
spots at tips of veins. Hairs on
veins long enough to overlap those
of the adjacent veins. No white
scale-spots on wings.
J Wings rather smaller than usual. The
2nd longitudinal vein forks (appar-
ently) distad of the base of the 3rd
vettn (54 ee .. impunctata, sp. nov.
JJ Wings very large. The 2nd _ longi-
tudinal vein forks immediately
proximad of the base of the 3rd
Welt” 2% os oe .. unicolor, sp. nov.

Pericoma squaminervis, mihi, sp. nov.

? 2. Darjiling district. Long. 14 mm.

Body covered with light brown and greyish hair; ground
colour of thorax light brown, that of abdomen blackish. An-
tennae as in Psychoda bengalensis. Legs brownish grey, tarsi dis-
tinctly lighter, almost as pale as in lactettarsis when viewed from
certain directions.

304 Records of the Indian Museum. [Viors IV,

Wings with a depressed row of elongate brown scales on each
side of each vein, from the base to beyond the middle of the wing
where they gradually become narrower until eventually, towards
the margin of the wing, they are replaced by stiff hairs. They lie
close together, although not always touching one another, and are
long enough to overlap those emanating from the adjacent veins.
A distinct spot of bristly black hairs at the tip of each vein, and
apparently a slightly clearer spot in the wing immediately in front
of the vein-tip.

Described from a_ single specimen (apparently a @) in the
Indian Museum taken by Dr. Annandale at Kurseong, 4-viii-o8.

N.B.—A very distinct species from all others, readily dis-
tinguished by the conspicuous, scaled veins.

Pericoma spinicornis, mihi.
P. appendiculata, mihi.

As noted in the original descriptions these two forms re-
present the sexes of a single species. There can be no reasonable
doubt about the point, although no actual pair has been found
in cop. ‘The number of spines on the first flagellar joint in the
g is six: the palpi consist of four subequal, oblongo-cylindrical
joints. :

The Indian Museum possesses a good series giving the follow-
ing data: Darjiling (7,000 ft.), 26—28-v-1o and 2-x-08, common
[Brunetti |; 8—-11-viti-0g [ Jenkins]; 6—10-viii-og [Paiva]; Kurseong
(5,000 ft.), 20--26-vi-Io; 3—5-vil-o8; 4—5-ix-o9 [Annandale];
10—26-ix-09 [Lynch]; Kurseong (4,700—5 ,000 ft.), 24-iii-10 [A nnan-
dale and Gravely]; Siliguri, base of Darjiling hills, 18—20-vii-07
[Hodgart|; Simla, r1-v-08, 5-v-10, I0-v-0g, on windows [Annan-
dale|; Phagu (9,000 ft.), 11-v-og [Annandale]; Naini Tal (6,000
ft.) , 2-vi-o9 [Hodgart].

Pericoma annandalei, mihi.

Eight examples of this species have been acquired by the
Indian Museum, captured by Dr. Annandale at Kurseong,
22—29-vi-10, where he found them running over Caladium leaves
at dusk, in thick jungle.

Pericoma margininotata, mihi.

P. bella, mihi.

Long. 13—1? mm.

From a good series of this species (with which must be in-
cluded the form described as bella), recently acquired by the
Indian Museum, it is possible to emend the original description.
The species is very variable in its coloration.

The 2nd scapal joint is subglobular, a little more than half as
iong as the Ist, which is cylindrical, twice as long as its width.
The flagellum is composed of either fifteen distinct joints, or of

IgII.] E. Brunetti: New Onental Nemocera. 305

fourteen joints with an apical style to the last one. The 4th
palpal joint is the longest and thinnest.

At the tip of each vein, normally, is a black hair-spot and
a small white scale-spot, the latter sometimes almost in the
marginal fringe. The costal fringe comprises some short sections
composed mainly of white or whitish hairs, including generally a
section of some length just beyond the middle; whilst the wing-
tip is always clothed with white hairs for some distance, there
being also some few short patches of white hair in the fringe of
the posterior margin.

An error has crept into the sentence (Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 383)
about the 3rd vein, which should read: “‘ the 3rd vein originates
in a right angle from the 2nd, just beyond where the latter forks ;
its basal portion very narrow, but quite distinct in wings denuded
of vestiture ; and there is a distinct appendix at the angle.”’

The study of a good series in the Indian Museum makes it
clear that the black hair-patches on the wing are tolerably con-
stant, especially those at the fork of the upper branch of the 2nd
longitudinal vein, and at the fork of the 4th vein. The hairs at
the wing-tip are generally wholly white, always mainly so.

The wing as described under the specific name bel/a in my
previous paper on this family, may be regarded as the typical
form ; whilst the form described (/oc. cit.) in the subsequent note
is not at all uncommon.

The colour of the hair on the dorsum of the thorax varies
from greyish white to rather bright reddish brown, all interme-
diate shades being represented in different individuals.

The tarsi are best described as variable; generally pale
yellowish at base, darkening to dark brown at the tips; with
long, irregularly placed bristly hairs, which are pale on the basal
half of the tarsi and dark brown on the apical half, being concolor-
ous with the ground colour of the limb. The rest of my descrip-
tion of the tarsi is correct, and may be supplemented by “* the
distance covered by the white apical scales at the tips of the basal
joints of the tarsi, varies, especially on the 2nd tarsal joint, which
is in some examples all white, the colour in all cases being that of
the scales, as the ground colour of the whole tarsus is always black.”’

The Indian Museum has this species from Darjiling (7,000 ft.),
26-v-10 [Brunetti]; 11-viii-og [Dr. Jenkins]; 5—8-viii-o9 [ Parva};
Kurseong, 25—27-vi-to [Annandale]; Simla, 25-iv-07, II-v-08,
g—io-v-0g [Annandale]; Phagu (9,000 ft., Simla district),
II—15-v-09 [Annandale]; Pallode (20 miles N. KE. of Trivandrum,
South India), 15-xi-o8 [Annandale).

Pericoma metatarsalis, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Western Himalayas. Long. 1} mm.

This species differs from the bella form of margininotaia in
only two characters, but these are practically consistent in the
three examples examined.

306 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

The metatarsus is, with the exception of its immediate base,
covered rather thickly with whitish scales (in the type and in one
other specimen), or at least for more than the apical half (as inthe
third specimen).

In margininotata the last three tarsal joints often have a
greyish or blackish grey appearance, but in the present species
they are all uniformly intensely black.

The second character is that the fringe of the wings possesses
no admixture of whitish hairs either singly or in short sections,
with the exception of a broad section at the tip, comprised
between the lower branch of the 2nd longitudinal vein and the
upper branch of the 4th vein.

The 2nd longitudinal vein forks a short distance before the
base of the 3rd vein, at which spot is placed the anterior cross-
vein; the fork of the anterior branch of the 2nd vein is distinctly
proximad of the fork of the 4th vein.

In view of the close affinity of Jlactettarsis and gilvipes to
margininotata, although they appear to be perfectly good species,
there seems no reason to refrain from establishing the present
form as a distinct species.

Described from three 2 @ from Simla district, two from
Simla, 9-v-0g (type) and 12-v-o09, the third from Phagu (9,000 ft.),
II-v-09, all taken by Dr. Annandale.

Type and the other specimens in the Indian Museum.

Pericoma mixta, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Western Himalayas. Long. 2 mm.

Of the general appearance of that form of margininotata,
which was described as bella.

Body with blackish and grey hairs, the former predominating
chiefly on the dorsum of the thorax and at the base of the wings.

The wings have a dark brown appearance. The 2nd longitu-
dinal vein forks some little distance beyond the base of the 3rd
vein, aithough still quite near the base of the wing, as the latter
vein begins sooner than in most species, its exact origin near the
root of the wings being obscured by the pubescence. The fork of
the upper branch of the 2nd vein and the fork of the 4th vein are
approximately opposite one another. ‘The veins are closely covered
with a double row of black or dark brown hairs, with a distinct
black hair-spot at the tip of each vein; a few small pale hairs in
front of some of these black hair-spots. Some erect short, snow-
white hairs towards the bases of the veins, and others on the three
branches of the 2nd vein, placed some little distance before their
tips ; also to aless extent in short sections on the veins in other
parts of the wing.

A number of bright yellow hairs, distributed (1) along the
veins, apparently thickest along the costa, especially at its base,
intermixing with the normal, thick black or dark brown hairs
forming the fringe, (2) at the bases of the veins, but disposed in

191 r.] EK. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 307

small sections separate from the snow-white ones in that region
of the wing, and (3) on the three branches of the 2nd longitu-
dinal vein proximad of the white hairs. To an apparently less ex-
tent they also occur on the veins in other parts of the wing. The
wing-fringe on the posterior margin is really dark brown, although
in some lights it appears light brown or even greyish here and there.
The tip of the wing bears a few whitish hairs but of less white
colour and to an extent of much less obvious demarcation than
in the bella form of margininotata.

Legs dark yellowish grey, thickly clothed with stiff bristly
hairs; the tibiae, the metatarsi and 2nd joint of tarsi with a
narrow circlet of whitish scales at the tips of each.

Described from a single @ in good condition from Simla (7,000
ft.), taken by Dr. Annandale, 6-v-og.

Type in Indian Museum.

Pericoma lacteitarsis, mihi.

This form, originally described by me asa variety of my
margintnotata, with the suspicion that it might prove distinct,
is now, to my thinking, sufficiently established as a good species
through the acquisition of several specimens by the Indian Museum.

The black hair-spots at the tips of the veins, the relative posi-
tions of the forks of the 2nd and 4th longitudinal veins, and the
coloration of the tarsi are constant. The 2nd longitudinal vein
forks proximad! of the base of the 3rd vein; the anterior branch
of the 2nd vein forks before the middle of the wing and a little
distad of the fork of the 4th vein.

There are no white hair-spots in the fringe of the wing, nor on
the absolute margin of the wing (at or very near the tips of the
veins) as in typical marginenotata, which character alone is almost
sufficient to distinguish the two forms. The whole wing has a
more brownish appearance, without the variegated appearance of
margininotata, and the absence of the white fringe at the wing-tip
will at once identify it from that species.

A second good character that I believe separates it from all
other Oriental species is that of the whole of the tarsi being milk-
white. In the allied species, margininotata, giluipes, proxima and
mixta, some portion of the tarsus is always black, often the major
portion.

A specimen in the Indian Museum, taken by Dr. Annandale
at Quilon, Travancore, 9-xi-o8, has the hairs of the body, on
the tibiae and metatarsi (except the tip of the latter) darker
brown, also the lower branch of the 2nd longitudinal vein runs
almost directly to the wing-tip. ‘The blackish hair-spots on the

| This is the case in the original type specimen (a ?). In a second specimen
the pubescence obscures a vein of the base of the wing. In a specimen mounted
for the microscope, the 2nd vein forks distad of the base of the 3rd, and for
this reason it is doubtful if it is of this species.

308 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vorrive

disc of the wing, on the fork of the anterior branch of the 2nd
vein, and on the fork of the 4th vein, are well marked.

Pericoma gilvipes mihi.

This form also, is certainly a good species, distinct from
margininotata, as a questionable variety of which I first described
it. ‘The distinguishing character is the absence of white hairs at
the wing-tip and of white hair-spots on the margin of the wing,
also of isolated small patches of erect white hairs on the veins.
Another good character is the distad forking of the 2nd longi-
tudinal vein in reference to the origin of the 3rd vein, instead of
the proximad forking as in margininotata. From its nearest ally,
lacteitarsis, it is known by the nearly wholly black metatarsi, and
by the distad instead of proximad forking of the 2nd vein, in
relation to the origin of the 3rd vein. The anterior branch of the
2nd vein forks a little before the middle of the wing and a little
distad of the fork of the 4th vein.

Additional specimens in the Indian Museum afford the
following data :—Calcutta, 9-ii-10, 17—18-vii-o7, 28-vii-o8, 8—
23-vili-o8, 1—26-ix-08 [all Annandale, some taken ‘“‘ at light’’];
Madhupur, Bengal, 17-x-09 “‘ atlight’’ [Paiva]; Ernakulam, Cochin,
Malabar Coast, 4-xi-o8 [Annandale]; Quilon, Travancore, 9-xi-08
[Annandale].

Pericoma proxima, mihi, sp. nov.

> @. Ceylon. Long. 14 mm.

Body with dark brown hairs, intermixed with grey hairs here
and there ; bushy white hair on head above, and black hair below
also on palpi. Abdomen with black hairs. Antennae with black
scales on scape ; flagellum like Psychoda bengalensis , the verticillate
hairs widely spread out, the hairs whitish.

Legs dark, with blackish scales, black bristles and paler stiff
hairs; fore metatarsi with apical third bearing white scales,
posterior metatarsi with white scales at tips only.

Wings with hairs only on the veins, rich, moderately dark
chestnut-brown. Very distinct and moderately large black hair-
spots at tips of veins, where there are also some small white scaly
hair-spots. Isolated groups of a few white scaly hairs placed
apparently irregularly on the veins.

A distinct are of white scaly hairs on the wing-fringe between
the lower branch of the 4th longitudinal vein, and the 5th vein,
but the wing-tip itself has distinctly rich brown hairs and no trace
of white hairs. ‘The wing-fringe brownish grey.

A distinct spot of black bristly erect hairs at the fork of the
anterior branch of the 2nd longitudinal vein, and another at the
fork of the 4th vein, both spots with a few white hairs beyond
them.

Anterior branch of 2nd vein forking approximately opposite
the fork of the 4th vein, distinctly but not greatly before the

IQII.] E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 309

middle of the wing. ‘The pubescence hides the base of the wing
sufficiently for it not to be clearly seen whether the 2nd longitudi-
nal vein forks before or after the origin of the 3rd.

The example appears to be a o ; the genitalia are covered
with bristly bright yellow hair.

Described from a single specimen in good condition in the
Indian Museum collection, taken at Peradeniya, Ceylon, viii-1gIo,
by Mr. Green.

Pericoma impunctata, mihi, sp. nov.

Sex ? South India. Long. 15 mm.

Body thickly clothed with long, very dark brown bristly hair ;
the surface of the body itself also dark brown. Antennae brownish
yellow.

Legs with dark brown bristly hair ; tarsi light brown but
without traces of any pale scales at tips of joints.

Wings thickly clothed on all the veins with a double row of
dark brown bristly hairs, denser and more bristly along the costa
and at the base of the wing. In certain lights the fringe of the
wing and some of the stiff hairs on the basal part appear greyish,
but the true colour of practically every part of the insect is dark
brown.

Described from one specimen (sex uncertain) from Tenmalai
(west side of Western Ghats), Travancore, South India, 22-xi-08,
captured by Dr. Annandale.

Type in Indian Museum.

N.B.—The 2nd longitudinal vein apparently forks beyond the
base of the 3rd vein but the root of the wing is too closely covered
with hairs to speak with certainty.

Pericoma unicolor, mihi, sp. nov.

Sex? Darjiling district. Long. nearly Lj mm.

This species is wholly brown in colour, only the tarsi being
rather lighter. The antennae (partly broken) have flask-shaped
flagellar joints. The wings are very large, and bear almost wholly
dark brown hairs which appear rich golden brown in certain lights
and show a violet tinge when viewed from different directions.
The 2nd longitudinal vein forks immediately proximad of the
base of the 3rd vein, the anterior branch of the 2nd forking again
near the middle of the wing, much distad of the fork of the 4th
which occurs towards the base, only shortly after the almost
invisible posterior cross-vein, which latter is situated in a line with
the basal section of the 3rd vein. The hairs at the tips of some
of the veins are blacker but do not form distinct spots.

Described from a single specimen (sex uncertain) in the Indian
Museum, from Kurseong, taken by Mr. D’Abreu in November,
IgIo.

N.B.--Although the actual difference in length between this
species and impunctata is so little, the present form has a much

310 Kecords of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

larger appearance owing to the considerable enlargement of the
wings, which in zmpunctata are smaller than usual.

BRUNETTIA, Annand., and PARABRUNETTIA, gen. nov.

The characters of Brunettia (as defined by its author) which
appear to me to be most strikingly generic are the closely scaled
wings and the presence of frominent S-shaped chaetae on the
flagellar joints.

To these may be added the lesser ones of broader wings than
in the other genera in this family, but this character is almost
certain to be a somewhat variable one.

The original species was superstes, Annandale, which was at
first placed by its author in Diplonema, Lw. (an extinct genus), and
afterwards removed to the present genus, which was established
by Dr. Annandale for its reception; and to this new genus he
added a second species from South India, travancorica.

As superstes was placed first (of the two species) in the new
genus, it must be regarded as the generic type, as indeed, was
intended and expressed by its author. Moreover, as superstes has
a venation identical with that of Pericoma,! that type of venation
must stand good in all species of Brunettia.

B. travancorica, Annand. (which was afterwards recognised as
synonymous with my Psychoda atrisquamis), has, however,
Psychoda-like venation, and therefore this species cannot remain
in Brunettia, for it would be illogical to allow the two types of
wing in a single genus, when Psychoda and Pericoma themselves
are mainly differentiated by this difference in the venation.

It therefore appears that the genus Dr. Annandale has flatter-
ingly named after me, still contains but the original species
superstes, the consequence being that a new genus must be formed
for all those other species of the present group that possess
Psychoda-like venation.

This new genus it is proposed to call Parabrunettia, and it
differs from Brunettia primarily in the different venation.

Its other characters may be regarded as—

(2) the presence of closely placed dark imbricating scales on at
least some considerable portion of the wings, on both their upper
and lower surfaces, or on the under side alone?; (3) the surface
of the wing generally rather thickly covered to some considerable
extent with more or less longitudinally placed hairs’; (4) chaetae
present on the flagellar joints (possibly not on all of them,
irrespective of the apical joint, which, even in B. superstes, is
devoid of them). They are not so large nor so conspicuous in any

| That is to say, the 3rd longitudinal vein ends a little below the wing tip,
instead of at the tip. :

2 Any species (if discovered), with scales on the upper side of the wing only,
would logically fall in the new genus. :

8 These are absent in two species provisionally placed here, but this may be
better regarded perhaps as a subgeneric character. as species both with and
without hairs on the surface of the wings occur equally in Psychoda and Pericoma.

IQII.]| E. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. SLE

of the species as they are in swperstes, and appear to vary a good
deal in size, according to the species.!

In many species there is a rather noticeable patch of smooth
depressed silky long hairs extended posteriorly from the alulae,
and which may probably figure as a secondary character of the
new genus.

Both Brunettia and Parabrunettia belong distinctly to the
Psychodinae subfamily of Psychodidae, the 7th longitudinal vein
being conspicuously present, and the 2nd longitudinal vein forking
quite near the base of the wing.

PARABRUNETTIA, mihi, gen. nov.

To this new genus must be admitted the three species placed
by me in Psychoda but divided off from the others by the presence
of large scale-covered areas in the wings: squanupennis, atrisqua-
mts and argenteopunctata.

Brunettia travancorica, Annand., has been shown to be
synonymous with my airisquamis.

To these three species are now added four new ones,
albohumeralis, 9-notata, flavicollis and longichaeta.

Owing to the denseness of the vestiture of the wings (the
basal hairs, the surface hairs and the opacity of the scales), it has
been impossible to note the exact position of the forking of the
2nd longitudinal vein in some of the species, but in all those in
which it has been noted, it occurs distad of the origin of the 3rd
longitudinal vein.

PARABRUNETTIA.
Table of spectes.

A Hairs thickly present on swv/ace of wing.
B Upper surface of wing as well as lower
surface covered to a considerable
extent with small dark imbricating
scales.
C No white spots on wing-border. (The
2nd longitudinal vein forks distad
of origin of 3rd vein.) .. squamipennts, Brun.
CC White spots on wing-border .. atrisquamis, Brun.
BB Upper surface of wing without any con-
siderable area covered with scales
(a few may be present at the base
of the wing).
D Under surface of wing wholly covered
with dark scales.

1 Similar chaetae but much smaller, have been detected by Dr. Annandale in
Pevicoma margininotata and Psychoda ‘distincta, so they cannot be considered of
generic importance.

312 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV

E A _ silvery white scale-spot below
shoulder ny, ate .. albohumeralis, sp.nov.
EE Such silvery white spot absent .. argenteopunctata ,
Brun.
DD Under surface of wings with scales
covering at most the basal half.
(The 2nd longitudinal vein forks
apparently distad of the base of the
ard vein.) ih “ . g-notata, sp. nov.
AA Hairs wholly absent from the surface
of the wing. (The 2nd longitudinal
vein forks distad of the origin of the
3rd vein.)
F eee flavicollis, sp. nov.
FF Bene longichaeta, sp. nov.

Parabrunettia atrisquamis, mihi.

Psychoda id., mihi.
Brunettia travancorica, Annand.

The brown or blackish short and moderately short scales on the
upper surface of the wing are thickly present on the upper
as well as the lower surface, but on the basal half only. They
appear silky black when viewed in some directions and dull
greyish white viewed from other directions. On the lower surface
these dark scales cover the whole area.

The very small white hair-spots at the tips of the veins are
placed on the absolute edge of the wing, almost in the adjacent
fringe.

Some specimens taken by Mr. E. E. Green at Peradeniya,
Ceylon, afford the data 18-vii, 14-vii1 and October (all 1910).

N.B.—A specimen in the Indian Museum, unfortunately in too
bad condition to describe, certainly represents an undescribed
species allied to atrisquamis, from which it differs by the scales on
the under surface of the wings covering the basal half only. No
obvious patch of silky hairs on the alulae. Traces of small white
spots on the extreme border of the wing.

Parabrunettia albohumeralis, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Ceylon. Long. 14-14 mm.

Body covered with dark blackish brown hair, which, at least
on the abdomen, appears dark greyish in certain lights. A small
but very conspicuous tuft of snow-white scaly hairs at the sides of
the thorax, nearly below the shoulders, a little in front of the base
of the wing.

Antennae with general appearance of those of Psychoda
bengalensis. egs with brown hairs and scales, which are darker
on the tarsi. Tips of tibiae and of metatarsi with white scales.

IgII.| E. Brunetri1: New Oriental Nemocera. 313

Wings with surface closely covered with dark brown hairs ;
the upper surface without any covering of scales except a very
few at the base and the small ones forming the white spots.
Under side of wing closely covered with dark brown imbricating
small scales, extending almost to the margin. Conspicuous though
small spots, composed of elongate snow-white scales, appear to be
placed normally at the tips of nearly all the veins, but in the
three examples present there is a little variability in their exact
position. In the type they occur as follows: at a little distance
before tip of Ist longitudinal vein; shortly before the Ist ending
of the 2nd vein; at tips of the other two endings; at tips of 3rd
vein, both branches of 4th, the 5th and 7th. A single white hair
still remaining shows another spot to be present on the 7th vein
some little distance before its tip. Tip of 6th vein without a spot.
In one example there is a white spot behind the tip of the 6th
vein, in another specimen the spot is at the vein tip. Venation
Psychoda-like.

Described from three specimens, females, from Peradeniya,
taken by Mr. E. E. Green, ix- and x-1910.

Type in Indian Museum.

N.B.—The white shoulder-spots immediately distinguish this
from all other species.

Parabrunettia g-notata, mihi, sp. nov.

9. Orissa Coast. Long. 14 mm.

Body covered with rich dark brown bristly hair on thorax,
blackish brown on abdomen, with a few white hairs at the abdo-
men tip.

Antennal scape with dark elongate scales; flagellum with
pear-shaped joints and brown verticillate hairs, which appear
greyish when viewed in certain directions. Distinct long, curved
chaetae present.

Legs blackish ; femora with a considerable number of greyish,
elongate, depressed scales ; tibiae and metatarsi with whitish grey
scales at tips; a few scales of a similar nature are also present at
the tips of the tarsi.

Wings with the whole surface as well as the veins covered
with blackish hair, which is much thicker and denser on the
costa, where it is distinctly prominent and its colour distinctly
black. Around the remainder of the border of the wing it is dark
brown. A very conspicuous spot at the extreme edge of the wing-
border, at the tips of every vein, composed of small white scale-
like hairs. A number of white erect hairs on most of the veins in
the basal half of the wing Anterior branch of 2nd longitudinal
vein forks opposite the fork of the 4th vein. The pubescence pre-
vents a clear view of the base of the wings, but apparently the
2nd longitudinal vein forks distad of the base of the 3rd vein.
Venation Psychoda-like.

314 Records of the Indian Museum. PVon. ive

Described from one @ from Puri, Orissa, east coast of India,
12-xi-Io, taken by Dr. Annandale on a window pane; the speci-
men is now in the Indian Museum.

N.B.—The conspicuous, curved chaetae on the flagellum
suggest that this species belongs here, and the hairy surface of the
wing is a second character of the genus. However, the wing is des-
titute of scales, except the small ones forming the spots, and the
species is placed here provisionally, pending the satisfactory
elucidation of this group of forms.

Parabrunettia flavicollis, mihi, sp. nov.

a7. Ceylon. Long. about 14 mm.

Vertex with bushy yellow bristly hair; frons and face with
black bristly hair. Antennae with flask-shaped flagellar joints,
long necked, the brown verticillate hairs widely spread: long
S-shaped chaetae distinctly present: scapal joints with scales.

Thorax with rather bright yellowish hair, with some grey hair
intermixed. Abdomen with moderately dark brown hair. Genital
organs with close long bristly hair, apparently normal in !orm.

Legs covered with dark browm scales; some yellowish white
bristly hairs on tibiae, longest on hind pair, which latter are
thickened at their tips and bear a circlet there of yellowish grey
scales. Tips of anterior tibiae and tips of all the metatarsi with
natrow circlets of yellowish white scales.

Wings with the 2nd longitudinal vein forking considerably
distad of the base of the 3rd. Anterior branch of 2nd vein forking
distinctly before the middle of the wing and a little beyond the
fork of the 4th vein. Hairs placed only on the veins, not on the
surface of the wings. A black hair-spot at tips of the veins and a
few stiff yellowish grey hairs at or just before the tips of the veins.
A black bristly hair-spot at fork of anterior branch of 2nd longi-
tudinal vein. Venation Psychoda-like.

Described from a single ~ in the Indian Museum collection
from Peradeniya, Ceylon, taken August, 1910.

Parabrunettia longichaeta, mihi, sp. nov.

¢. South India. Long. 14 mm.

Thorax with dark ground colour and yellowish bristly hair.
Abdomen with dark ground colour with light brownish grey hair.
Hair on head brown Palpi dark brown. Antennae generally as in
Psychoda bengalensts; the verticils of hair widely spread out, light
brown: the chaetae very long and conspicuous, although pale,
S-shaped.

Legs light brown, with concolorous scales and bristles, also
whitish scales on knees and on base of tibiae, on tips of tibiae and
of metatarsi, and very minute yellowish white scales on the tips of
the remaining joints. Femora and tibiae with short stiff black
hairs here and there.

Ig1I.] EK. BRUNETTI: New Oriental Nemocera. 315

Genitalia large and distinct, very pubescent.

Wings (rather rubbed) with hairs on surface only; light brown
or greyish, with small patches of light erect hairs irregularly dis-
posed. The 2nd longitudinal vein forks distinctly distad of the
base of the 3rd vein; the anterior branch forking a little beyond
the fork of the 4th vein, both very near the middle of the wing.
Venation Psychoda-like.

Described from a single * in the Indian Museum, taken by
Dr. Annandale at Maddathorai, Travancore State, South India,
17-x1-08.

N.B.—Reterred doubtfully and provisionally to the present
genus. There being no hairs on the surface of the wings and
no scales, it is questionable whether a new genus should not be
erected for it. The species, however, is quite a good one.

BLEPHAROCERIDAE.
Apistomyia trilineata, mihi, sp. nov.

@. Darjiling district. Long. 4 mm.

Head.—Eyes closely, microscopically pubescent, upper facets
very distinctly larger than lower ones, divided by a distinct
natrow space, the upper ones being about one-fourth the total
height of the eyes. Frons one-third the width of the head, bare,
the eye-orbits narrowly silvery ; ocellar triangle distinct, elevated
the three ocelli conspicuous, reddish brown. Face whitish grey,
with silvery reflections. Antennae black, bare; Ist scapal joint
much broader at tip than at base, 2nd joint twice as long as the
Ist, much broadened at tip, where it is produced on the under
side into an elongate blunt point. Flagellum of 8 joints, the Ist
barely half as long as the 2nd scapal joint, the following joints of
thickened bead shape, the apical joint ovate.

The proboscis consists of a long elongo-conical rostrum,
moderately stout at the base, whitish in colour, with blackish
dorsum, thence produced into a tapering, very sharply pointed
brownish yellow horny piece quite separate from the proboscis
proper, which is very long, black, narrowly cylindrical, genicu-
lated before the middle, beyond which it is bilobed, the ends
curled up.

Thorax ash-grey, the central part of the dorsum up to
beyond the middle occupied by three broad velvet-black stripes
almost contiguous, extending laterally almost to the sides; the
median stripe produced forwards to the anterior margin, which
is wholly black to the shoulders, leaving a narrow grey space in
front. Pleurae, scutellum and metanotum blackish.

Abdomen velvet-black, the anterior corners of most of the
segments a little reddish brown with more or less silvery reflec
tions. Belly reddish brown. Genitalia moderately small, oval,
blackish, not conspicuous.

316 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vot. IV, rg1t.]

Legs.—Coxae wholly and the femora more or less at the base,
brownish yellow: remainder of anterior legs blackish; tibiae and
tarsi of hind legs brownish yellow, extreme tips of joints black.
Anterior femora distinctly clubbed at the tips, the hind femora
moderately thickened towards tips. The hind femora and tibiae
are each twice as long as the anterior ones, and the hind tarsi are
fully as long as the hind tibiae.

Wings absolutely clear, costa very narrowly black; a
small brownish infuscation at extreme tip of wing. Venation
normal, agreeing with Kellogg’s figure.| Halteres black, stems
yellowish.

Described {from a single specimen in the Indian Museum
taken by Dr. Annandale at Kurseong (5,000 ft.), 4-ix-09.

Blepharocera indica, mihi, sp. nov.

@” 9. ° Western Himalayas. Long. 4—5 mm.

Head.—Frons narrow,” dark grey or blackish; ocelli large and
conspicuous. -Face whitish. Proboscis brownish yellow, blackish
at the base on upper side ; elongate, pointed, about as long as the
height of the head. Palpi elongate, four joints of about equal
length, pale brownish yellow, with some stiff black hairs.

Thorax.—Dorsum blackish. Sides, scutellum and metanotum
brownish yellow. A very small yellowish mark behind each
shoulder,

Abdomen blackish; the base of each segment very narrowly
yellowish white. Genitalia inconspicuous.

Legs brownish or brownish yellow: the hind femora slightly
thickened towards the tips, about one-and-a-half times as long
as the anterior femora.

Wings very pale yellowish grey ; unmarked; venation nor-
mal. Halteres: stem yellowish, club black.

Described from two 7 @ anda single 2 in the Indian Mu-
seum from Phagu (9,000 ft.), Simla district, 12—15-v-09, taken
by Dr. Annandale.

N.B.—Both sexes are presumed to be present from the
appearance of the abdomens, which in the two examples I consi-
der males is blunted, with an exceedingly small projecting piece ;
and in the supposed female is widened before the tip, with a
short pointed ovipositor-like termination.

1 Plate ii, fig. 20, in Gen. Ins., Fasc. 56.

2 The headin each of the examples is either damaged or shrunken in drying,
so that the proportionate width of the frons is not easily gauged. It is appar-
ently quite narrow.

MISCELLANEA.

SYNONYMY IN CORETHRINAE.—Many recent authors have
followed Theobald (Gen. Ins., Fasc. 26) (1905) in referring to
Sayomyia, Coq., most of the species till recently incorporated
under Corethra, Mg., but the American author’s genus must give
way, on his own admission,! to Chaoborus, Lichtenstein, estab-
lished as long ago as 1800; so that a few synonymical notes may
be useful.

Corethra, Mg. (1803), was originally erected (Illig. Mag., i,
260) for the Tipula culiciformis of De Geer (1776); and for many
years it contained only that species, with pallida, F. (1781), and
plumicornis, F. (1794). It was not until 1823 that another species
was added ,—punctipennis, Say., followed by flavicans, Mg., in 1830
and others of more recent date.

Mochlonyx, Loew (1844), was formed for Corethra velutina,
Ruthe, and to this genus has been added effoetus, Wlk., and
actually culiciformis, De Geer (!), the very type species of Corethra;
even Prof. Kertesz, in his catalogue of the world’s diptera (vol. 1,
1902), making the same error.

Theobald (Gen. Ins.) admitted Corethrinae as a subfamily of
Culicidae and correctly replaced culiciformis in Corethra, with
velutina (effoetus, Wik., being added as synonymous with this) ”
and a third, recently described species, cincttpes, Coq. Therefore,
unless velutina can be generically separated from culicifornis (and
I have no means of forming an opinion on this), Mochlonyx must
sink in favour of Corethra, Mg.

Schiner (Fauna Austr., ii, 624) placed velutina and effoetus (the
latter not described, not being Austrian) in Mochlonyx ; and placed
culiciforymis (also undescribed for the same reason), with the names
of five other undescribed non-Austrian species, after his description
of the three Austrian species (pallida, plumicornis and fusca) of
Corethra. It is quite possible that he may not have seen all these
species, and therefore his generic separation of velutina and culict-
formis may not have represented an individual opinion.

Chaoborus, Lichtenstein, was erected for ‘‘ antisepticus sp.
nov.,’’ which proved synonymous with crystallina, De Geer, this
latter, queried by Theobald (Gen. Ins.) as synonymous with plum-
cornis, F., being definitely given by Kertesz as identical with it.

1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, p. 603 (1910).
2 As Mr. Theobald has presumably examined the type of Walker’s species,
some Importance attaches to this opinion.

318 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE EVs

Now p/lumicornts, F., pallida, F., and punctipennis, Say. (a
North American species), with others, are retained by Kertesz
under Corethra. This-is obviously wrong, since Loew’s principle
in establishing Mochlonyx was a sound one, ?.e., ‘‘ metatarsus
several times shorter than the next tarsal joint,’’ as contrasted
with those species in which the metatarsus is longer than the 2nd
tarsal joint.! The separation of these groups is justified : Loew
lost his genus through unfortunately giving the name Mochlonyx to
that group of species containing the type species of Corethra, Mg.
Of course, in the days in which he wrote it was sometimes not
easy to distinguish which species was intended by an author as
the type of his genus* and this may have authorised him to split
off any group, or particular species at will.

Corethra, Mg., must therefore always stand for culiciformis,
with its congeners.

Coquillett in 1903 erected Sayomyia for ‘‘ Corethra puncti-
pennis’’ Say., which he admitted as congeneric with plumicornis,
F. (the latter species possessing crystallina, De G., and others as
synonyms), both of which species have now to be placed in
Chaoborus.

The synonymy of the species immediately concerned wili
stand thus :—

Corethrinae (Subfamily of Culicidae.)
CoRETHRA, Mg., 1803.
(Mochlonyx, Loew, 1844.)

1. culiciformis, De Geer (Tipula id.). TYPE of genus.
2. velutina, Ruthe (Mochlonyx id., Loew ; TYPE of Mochlonyx)
(effoctus W1k.).

3. cinctipes, Coq.
CHAOBORUS, Lichtenstein, 1800.
(Savomyia, Coq., 1903.)
1. plumicornis, F. (Ttpula id.). Type of genus.

2. punctipennis, Say. (TYPE of Sayomyta).
3. All other species referred to Sayomyza since Theobald’s ac-
ceptance of the genus, but previously placed in Corethra.

The three other genera recorded by Theobald appear to me
built on very weak characters and I should prefer to regard them
as subgenera of Chaoborus only. Each contains but one species.
They are Pelorempis (Joh.) americana, Joh., Corethrella (Coq.)
brakeleyt, Coq., and Eucorethra (Underwood) underwoodi, Underw.

E. BRUNETTI.

1 Theobald (Gen. Ins.) is distinctly wrong in terming the joint following the
metatarsus as the first, since the metataysus itself is the ist taysal joint, the suc-
ceeding joint being the second.

2 T have seen it stated somewhere that Meigen placed what he considered all
the most typical species in the middle of the genus, and those tending to aberration
at one end or the other of it.

1911. | Miscellanea. 319

FuRTHER Notes on INDIAN Philebotomt.—The recent acquisi-
tion of a number of specimens of Phlebotomus from different parts
of India and especially from Ceylon enables me to amplify the
notes published in these ‘‘ Records’’ last year (vol. iv, No. ii,
pp- 35——52), andI have been helped greatly to gain a true apprecia-
tion of certain characters by frequent discussions with Mr. E.
Brunetti.

Hitherto I have laid great stress on the relative lengths of the
different parts of the second longitudinal vein as a specific charac-
ter, but these lengths are evidently more variable than I thought.
They would provide a method of separating a species such as
P. himalayensis from one such as P. argentipes ata glance, but in
the latter the length of the upper branch of the vein, and conse-
quently that of the other parts also, varies within fairly wide limits.
I have had, therefore, to recognize that the form recently described
by me as P. marginatus is not a ‘‘ good’’ species but merely a
colour variety of P. argentipes.

Regarding the sanitary importance of Phlebotomus attention
may be directed to a paper just published by Major F. Wall,
I.M.S.! The facts cited suggest (1) that troops moved into certain
barracks in Chitral become infected with a fever akin to or
identical with what is called Papatacifieber in Austria, these
barracks being frequented by P. papatasi and P. babu, and (2)
that men from districts in which these two species occur are less
liable to suffer from this fever (having perhaps become to some
extent immune) than those from districts in which the common
species are P. major and P. limalayensis.

Phlebotomus argentipes, Annandale and Brunetti.

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, p. 44, pl. iv, fig. 3, pl. vi, fig. 6; Spolia Zey-

lanica, vii, p. 59.

I have recently examined a good many specimens from Pera-
deniya, which is situated in the interior of Ceylon at an altitude of
about 1,500 feet. The species occurs all over the plains of India
except in the extreme north-west. Apparently it does not occur
in the Himalayas.

Var. marginatus, Annandale.
P. marginatus, Spolia Zeylanica, vii, p. 62, fig. 7.

This form cannot be regarded as morethan a colour variety,
distinguished from the typical form of P. argentipes by the fact
that the dorsum of the thorax is brown instead of black and the
sides of the thorax rather darker than in the typical form.

The var. marginatus occurs in Calcutta as well as at Pera-
deniya and is apparently not a seasonal form.

1 Ind. Med. Gazette, xlvi, p. 41 (TOIT).

320 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou IV, tort.]

Phlebotomus major, Annandale.

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, p. 46, pl. v, fig. 4, pl. vi, fig. 4.

Specimens appear to be invariably larger than those of
P. argentipes, from which both the typical form and the variety
here described may be distinguished by the fact that the dorsum of
the thorax is never black or brown.

Var. grisea, nov.

Distinguished from the typical form by the general greyish or
brownish (instead of golden) colour.

I took several specimens in a house at Kurseong in the Dar-
jiling district (alt. 4,700 feet) in June, rg10, and also saw the
variety in the same house in April, 1911. The two varieties are
easily distinguished by the naked eye.

Phlebotomus babu, Annandale.

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, p. 49, pl. iv, fig. 1, pl. vi, figs. 3, 3a; Spolia

Zeylanica, p. OI.

As I have pointed out in a recent paper, this species is prob-
ably identical with ‘‘ Hebotomus’’ minutus, Rondani, but it is
impossible to state that it is synonymous without a comparison of
specimens. Ihave recently obtained specimens of P. babu from
Peradeniya in Ceylon and from Drosh in Chitral in the Hindu-
Kush Mountains (4,700 ft.). The species is probably distributed
all over the plains of India and ascends the Western Ghats to an
altitude of at least 2,000 feet, but is not known from the Hima-
layas.

Var. miger, nov.

Darker than the typical form and as a rule larger.

This form was at first regarded as a distinct species and is
marked as probably being so in Mr. F. M. Howlett’s collection.
I cannot, however, distinguish any constant difference in its vena-
tion or genitalia.

As yet the variety has only been taken in Bihar. I have not
seen it in Calcutta.

Phlebotomus papatast (Scopoli).

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, p. 51, pl. iv, fig. 4, pl. vi, fig. 2.
I have recently received specimens from Drosh, Chitral (Major
F. Wall, I.M.S.), and from Quetta, Baluchistan (Lt.-Col. Wimber-
ley, I.M.S.). The species appears to be common, together with
P. babu, all over the north-west of India, ranging as far east as
Pusa in Bihar.
N. ANNANDALE.

Part V.—Revision of the Oriental Leptide.¥% Revised and annotated Catalogue of
Oriental Bombylide, with descriptions of new species.

Vol. III, 1909.
Part I.—The Races of Indian Rats.

Part II.—Notes on Freshwater Sponges, X. Report on a collection of aquatic
animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewatt in 1907, IJ. Note on some
amphibious Cockroaches. Description de quelques nouvelles Cécidomyies des
Indes. Description of new land and marine shells from Ceylon and S. India.
Description of two new species of Cavanx from the Bay of Bengal. Remarks on
some little known Indian Ophidia. Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus.
A pelagic Sea-Anemone without tentacles. Rhynchota Malayana, II.

Part III.—Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. New
Indian Leptide and Bombylide, with a note on Comastes, Os. Sac., v. Hetero-
stylum, Macq. Notes on the Trichoptera in the collection of the Indian Museum.
Diagnoses of new species and varieties of Freshwater Crabs, 1—3. Report on a
small collection of Lizards from Travancore. Descriptions of three new Cicinde-
line from Borneo. The relation between fertility and normality in Rats. Des-
cription of a Barnacle of the genus Scalpellum from-Malaysia. The Hemipterous
family Polyctenide. Notes on Freshwater Sponges, XI. Descriptions of two
new shells from S. India. Preliminary note on a new genus of Phylactolezematous
Polyzoa. Miscellanea,

Part IV.—Description of a minute Hymenopterous insect from Calcutta. The Insect
Fauna of Tirhut, No. 1. Descriptions of new species of Botia and Nemachilus.
New Oriental Sepsinz. A new species of /vedericella from Indian lakes. Diagnoses
of new species and varieties of freshwater crabs, No. 4. On some new or little
known Mygalomorph spiders from the Oriental region and Australasia.

Vol. IV, 1910-1911.

No. I.—Second report on the collection of Culicide in the Indian Museum, with des-
criptions of new genera and species.

Nos. II and III.—The Indian species of Papataci Fly (Philebotomus). Taxonomic
values in Culicide.

No. IV.—Revision of the Oriental blood-sucking Muscide (Stomoxine, Philema-
tomyta, Aust., and Pristivhynchomyia, gen. nov.).

No. V.—A new arrangement of the Indian Anopheline.

No. VI.—A revision of the species of Tabanus from the Oriental Region, including
notes on species from surrounding countries.

Vol. V, 1910.

Part I.—The Hydroids of the Indian Museum, I. Notes on Freshwater Sponges, XII.
Descriptions of new Shells in the collection of the Indian Museum from Burma,
Siam and the Bay of Bengal. Materials for a revision of the Phylactolamatous
Polyzoa of India. Studies on the aquatic Oligocheta of the Punjab. An undes-
cribed Burmese Frog allied to Rana tigrina. Miscellanea.

Part I7,—Description d’Ophiures nouvelles provenant des derniéres campagnes de
‘‘V Investigator ’’ dans l’Océan Indien. Description d’Holothuries nouvelles
appartenant au Musée Indien. ‘The races of Indian rats, II. Description of a new
species of Sca/pellum from the Andaman sea. Descriptions of five new species
of marine shells from the Bay of Bengal. Notes on fish from India and Persia,
with descriptions of new species.

Part III.—A new genus of Psychodid Diptera from the Himalayas and Travancore.
The Indian barnacles of the subgenus Smiliuwm, with remarks on the classification
of the genus Scalpellum. On a sub-species of Scutigerella unguiculata, Hansen,
found in Calcutta. The distribution of the Oriental Scolopendride. Notes on
Decapoda in the Indian Museum, I. Description of a new species of Nemach*lus
from Northern India. Notes on the larve of Toxorhynchites immisericors, Wk
Description of a South Indian frog allied to Rana corrugata of Ceylon. Contri-
butions to the fauna of Yunnan, Introduction and Part I. Miscellanea.

Part IV.—Notes and descriptions of Indian Microlepidoptera. On some aquatic
oligochaete worms commensal in Spongilla cartert. On Bothrioneurum tris,
Beddard. Notes on nudibranchs from the Indian Museum. On the classification
of the Potamonidae (Telphusidae). Catalogue of the pheasants, peafowl,
jungle fowl and spur fowl in the Indian Museum, On certain species of Palaemon
from South India. Alluaudella himalayensis, a new species of degenerate (¢")
cockroach, with an account of the venation found in the genera Cardax and

; Alluaudella. Rhynchota Malayana, III.

Voie Vion:

Part I.—Note on a Rhizocephalous Crustacean from fresh water and on some speci-

Pavt II.—Some Sponges associated with gregarious Molluscs of the family Vermetidae. .

No.

mens of the order from Indian seas. Notes on Decapoda in the Indian Museum,
TI. Contributions to the fauna of Yunnan, Parts. II to V. Notes on Pedipalpi
in the collection of the Indian Museum, I and II. Descriptiors of six new
species of shells from Bengal and Madras. Miscellanea.

Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Captain F. H. Stewart
in 1907, III. Notes on Cyprinidae from Tibet and the Chumbi Valley, with a des-
cription of a new species of Gymnocypris. Preliminary descriptions of new species
and varieties of Crustacea Stomatopoda in the Indian Museum. Notes on the
development of some Indian Ascalaphidae and Myrmeleonidae. Miscellanea.

MEMOIRS
of the

INDIAN MUSEUM

Vol. I.

. I.—An account of the Rats of Calcutta. By W.C. Hossack. Rs. 5-8.
. 2.—An account of the Internal Anatomy of Bathynomus giganteus. By R. E.

TOM anG we

. 3 A and B.—The Oligocheta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma and the Andaman

Islands, with an account of the anatomy of certain aquatic forms. By W.
MICHAELSEN and J. STEPHENSON. Rs. 4-8.

. 4.—Investigatoy sicarius, a Gephyrean Worm hitherto undescribed, the type of a

new order. By F. H. STEWART. Rs. 2.

Vol. IT.

. 1.—Report on the Fishes taken by the Bengal Fisheries Steamer ‘‘ Golden Crown.’’

Part I.—Batoidei. By N. ANNANDALE. Rs. 2.

. 2,.An account of the Indian Cirripedia Pedunculata. Part I.—Family Lepadide

(sensu stricto). By N. ANNANDALE. Rs. 2._

. 3.—A description of the deep-sea fish caught by the R.I.M.S. Ship ‘‘ Investi-

gator ’’ since the year 1900, with supposed evidence of mutation in Malthopsis,
and Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. Ship ‘‘ Investigator,’’ Fishes,
Plates XLIV—L, 1909. By R. E.Ltovp. Rs. 4-8.

; 4.—Etude sur les Chironomides des Indes Orientales, avec description de quelqyes

nouvelles espéces d’Egypte. Par J.J. KIEFFER. Rs. 2.

Vol. III.

. I.—Report on the Fishes taken by the Bengal Fisheries Steamer ‘‘ Golden

Crown.’’ Part II.—Additional notes on the Batoidel. By N. ANNANDALE. Part
III.—Plectognathi and Pediculati. By N. ANNANDALE and J. T. JENKINS.
Part I1V.—Pleuronectidae. By J. T. JENKINS. Rs. 3.

2.—Studies in post-larval development and minute anatomy in the genera
Scalpellum and Ibla. By F. H. STEWART. Rs. 4.

Other Publications edited and sold by the Superintendent of the Indian
Museum (also obtainable from Messrs. lriedlander & Sohn) issued
by the Director of the Royal Indian Marine.

. Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. ‘‘ Investigator ’’ 1892. Fishes, Plates I to VII.
Crustacea, Plates I to V, 1894. Fishes, Plates VII to XIII. Crustacea, Plates VI to VIII. Ech-
inoderma, Plates I to III, 1895. Echinoderma, Plates IV and V. Fishes, Plates XIV to XVI.
Crustacea, Plates IX to XV, 1896. Crustacea, Plates XVI to XXVII, 1897. Fishes, Plate XVII.
Crustacea, Plates XXVIII to XXXII. Mollusca, Plates I to VI, 1898. Fishes, Plates XVIII to
XXIV. Crustacea, Plates XXXIII to XXXV. Mollusca, Plates VII and VIII, 1899. Fishes,
Plates XXV and XXVI. Crustacea, Plates XXXVI to XLV, 1900. Fishes, Plates XXVII to
XXXV. Crustacea, Plates XLVI to XLVIII. Index, Part I, 1901. Crustacea, Plates XLIX
to LV. Mollusca, Plates IX to XIII, 1902. Crustacea, Plates LVI to LXVII. Crustacea, Plates
_LXVIII to LXXVI._ Fishes, Plates XXXVI to XXXVIII, 1905. Crustacea (Malacostraca), Plates
LXXVII to LXXIX. Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates I and II. Mollusca, Plates XIV to
XVIII, 1907. Fishes, Plates XXXIX to XLIII. Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates III to V.
Mollusca, Plates XIX and XX, 1908.—Re. 1 per plate. Mollusca, Plates XX1 to XXIII, 1909.—
As. 8 per plate. — i :

RECORDS
of the

INDIAN MUSEUM

Vol. I, 1907.

Part I.—Coutributions to the Fauna of the Arabian Sea. Hemiptera and Hymenop-

tera from the Himalayas. Indian Freshwater Entomostraca. The Fauna of
Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, I—III. A Sporozoon from the
heart of a Cow. Miscellanea :—The appendicular skeleton of the Dugong. An
egg laid in captivity by a Goshawk. Melanic specimens of Barbus ticto. Two
barnacles new to Indian seas. Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles from Port
Canning. Anopheles larvae in brackish water. Mosquitoes from Kumaon.
Peculiar habit of an earthworm.

Part II.—Revision of the Oriental Stratiomyidae. “An Oligochaete Worm allied to

Chaetogaster. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, IV.
A Polyzoon from the Himalayas. Batrachia, Reptiles and Fish from Nepal and
the Western Himalayas. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal, V. Oriental Diptera, I and II. Miscellanea :—Gecko verticillatus in
Calcutta. The distribution of Kachuga sylhetensis. The distribution of Bufo
andevsont. Note on Rutilia nitens. Some Indian Cerambycidae. Some Indian
Hemiptera, A preoccupied specific name in Macrothyix. An enemy of certain
Pearl Oysters in the Persian Gulf. The distribution in India of the African snail,
Achatina fulica. Statoblasts from the surface of a Himalayan pond. Notes on
Hislopia lacustris.

Pavit III.—Marine Polyzoa in the Indian Museum. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at

Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VI. Earwigs (Dermaptera) in the Indian Museum.
Oriental Diptera, III. A new snake from Nepal. Marketable fish from Akyab.
Freshwater Oligochaete Worms from the Punjab. Phosphorescence in Marine
Animals. The rats of Dacca, Eastern Bengal. Freshwater Sponges, I—V.
Miscellanea :—The original home of Mus decumanus. Colour change in Hylo-
bates hoolock. Eggs of Tylototriton verrucosus. The hosts of Tachaea spongil-
licola. A second species of Dichelaspis from Bathynomus giganteus.

Part IV.—Nudiclava monocanthi, the type of a new genus of Hydroids parasitic on

Fish. Three new Nycteribiidae from India. Annotated Catalogue of Oriental
Culicidae. Oriental Diptera, IV. Freshwater Sponges, VI, VII. A new Cyprinid
Fish of the genus Danio from Upper Burma. Mzscellanea :—A colour variety of
Typhlops braminus. Reptiles and a Batrachian from an island in the Chilka
Lake, Orissa.

Vol. II, 1908-1809.

Pavt I.—Retirement of Lieut.-Col. Alcock. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port

Canning, Lower Bengal, VII. A new Dictyonine Sponge from the Indian Ocean.
Freshwater Sponges, VIII. Remarkable cases of variation, I. A new species of
Lizard of the genus Salea, from Assam. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port
Canning, Lower Bengal, VIII. A new Cavernicolous Phasgonurid from Lower
Siam. New species of Marine and Freshwater Shells in the Indian Museum.
Oriental Syrphidae, I. A new variety of Spongilla loricata. Oriental Diptera, V.
Miscellanea :— Remarks on Simotes splendidus. Corrections to No, IV of ‘‘ Notes
on Oriental Diptera.’’ The Isopod genus Tachaea. The habits of the Amphipod,
Quadrivisio bengalensis. New varieties of Nanina berlangeri and Corbicula
fluminalis. Recent. additions to the Entozoa in the Indian Museum. A sub-
fossil polyzoon from Calcutta. Corrections as to the identity of Indian Phylac-
tolaemata. A peculiar form of Euglena.

Part II,—Gordiens du Musée Indien. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning,

Lower Bengal, IX. A new species of Danio from Lower Burma. Rhynchota
Malayana, I. Czmex votundatus, Signoret. Freshwater Sponges, IX. Fruit
Bats inhabiting the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos. A new species of Sun-
Bird obtained near Darjiling. Three Indian Phylactolaemata. Two new species
of Eagle-Rays (Myliobatidae). A new species of the genus Sesavma, Say., from
the Andaman Islands. New species of Land, Marine, and Freshwater Shells from
the Andaman Islands.

Payt I[J.—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, X, XI.-

Oriental Solifugae. The difference between the Takin (Budorcas) from the Mishmi
Hills and that from Tibet. Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its varieties. A new
species of Chavaxes from the Bhutan Frontier. First report on the collection of

Witics Awe VESTON. OF . Loe ORLEN TAT,
SPE Gino OF THE GENERA IGF FEE
Ravin, ve ‘TAB ANI DUA OULEE R
a HU ACN TA ee aeine Sy.

By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

Family TABANIDAE.
Subfamily TABANINAE.

Hind tibiae with no spurs. Ocelli usually absent.

The genera found in the Oriental Region, besides the large
genus of Tabanus proper, are: Haematopota, Meigen, small flies
with peculiarly marked wings; Udenocera, Ricardo, formed for a
species from Ceylon with the long antennae situated on a tubercle ;
Diachlorus, Macquart, including chiefly species from S. America
distinguished by the simple antennae not situated on a tubercle, by
the brown or yellowish markings of the wings and by the curved
dilated fore tibiae, and slender build. The one species described
from the Philippines is unknown to me. A new genus Neotabanus
is now added, allied to Udenocera in having the antennae situated
ona tubercle, but the antennae themselves are similar to those
of the genus Tabanus.

HAEMATOPOTA, Meigen.

Illiger’s Magazine, ii, p. 267 (1803); Chrysozona,! Meigen,
Nouvelle Classification, 23 (1800) ;. Kertesz, Cat. Dipt., iii, p. 201
(1908).

The described species from the Oriental region now amount to
31, including 11 new species described in this paper.

The following is a list of all the described species and syno-
nyms :—

[Notre.—The synonyms are printed in italics. ]

HAEMATOPOTA annandalei, n. sp.
assamensis, ll. sp.
astatica, Rondani = javana, Wied.
atomaria, Walker.
bilineata, n. sp.
borneana, Rondani.

‘L For reasons against the adoption of this name see Verrall ‘* British Files,’’
Vv, p. 772 (1909) Austen, African Blood-Sucking Files, p. 121 (1909).

Se)
iS)
N

Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV

brevis, Ricardo.
cana, Walker.
cilipes, Bigot.
cingalensis, Ricardo.
cingulata, Wiedemann.
cordigera, Bigot (nomen bis lectum) = fusci-
frons, Austen.
dissimilis, n. sp.
fasciata, n. sp,
fuscifrons, Austen.
immaculata, n. sp.
inconspicua, n. sp.
irrorata, Macquart.
javana, Wiedemann.
lata, Ricardo.
latifascia, n. sp.
limbata, Bigot.
lunulata, Macquart.
marginata, n. sp.
nigra, Wiedemann ? = javana, Wied.
pachycera, Bigot.
punctifera, Bigot.
roralis, Fabricius.
rubida, Ricardo.
sinensis, n. sp.
singularis, Ricardo.
tessellata, Ricardo.
unizonata, Ricardo.
validicornis, n. sp.

The small flies of this genus are easily recognized by the pecu
liar marking of the wings, three rosettes more or less distinct, form-
ed by pale marks on the darker ground colour are usually present,
though in a few species they are absent and only pale streaks are
present. The great majority of the species have typical paler
rings of colour on the middle and posterior tibiae, occasionally
absent, or only present on the middle pair, this character is some-
times indistinct owing to denudation. In the grouping of the
species I have taken this character as a means of division, after-
wards relying chiefly on the shape of antennae (in the females
only) and on the form of the apical band of wing. As many more
species will probably be discovered from India and other Oriental
districts it seems useless as yet to draw up a table of species.

Synopsis of the Divisions and Groups of Haematopota.

Division I. Legs uniform in colour with no typical rings on
the tibiae af =f a3 .. Group” I.
Division II. Legs not uniform in colour, but with the base of
the fore tibiae at least white or yellowish, no rings on
tibiae me Se ie :. Group. TT:

IQII.| G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 323

Division III. Legs not uniform in colour, but with typical rings

on the middle tibiae only, all tibiae whitish at base Group I/I.

Division IV. Legs not uniform in colour, but with typical rings

on the middle and posterior tibiae Groups IV, V, VI, VII.

Group IV. First joint of antennae abnormally large and
stout, and as long as or longer than the third joint.

Group V. Third joint of antennae broad and flattened on
the first annulation, the last three annulations forming a
narrow apex, the first joint incrassate, nearly as long as
or longer than the first annulation of third joint.

Group VI. Third joint of antennae not very broad at base,
the first joint short, often only half as long as or at least
always shorter than the third joint which is usually long
and slender.

Group VII. Antennae long and slender, the first joint as long
as the second and third together.

DIVISION I.
Group I.

Legs uniform in colour, with no rings on the tibiae or pale
bases to fore tibiae.

Haematopota roralis, Fabr.
(Plate xvii, fig. 24.)

Syst. Antl., 107, 2 (1805) ; Wied. Dipt. Exot., 97, 1 (1821) ; 2d.,
Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, 215 (1828); Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool. France,
xvi, 78 (1891).

Wings with white spots, abdomen brown, with three stripes
and spots, white. Habitat—Tranquebar. Related to H. pluvialis.
Antennae elongate, yellow. Head ashy grey with two frontal
black spots. Thorax dark, with an ashy grey stripe. Abdomen
elongated, brown, with three white stripes and spots. Median
stripe and spots linear. Wings dark with very numerous white
spots and little lines. Legs testaceous. Fabr., Syst. Antl., 107.

Brownish grey. Thorax and abdomen with white stripes.
Wings with hyaline little spots. @ 4%1. From Tranquebar.

The head is gone in the Fabrician type and the abdomen is
crushed ; but it is easily distinguished from H. plwtalis, by the
legs being unicoloured, blackish ' ochre-brown, not variegated, and
by the chestnut brownish costal border and stigma of the wings ;
segmentations of the abdomen reddish, but of the under side greyish
white. In the Fabrician collection. Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins., 1,
p. 215.

In Brit. Mus. coll. a male from Velverry, a female from Hot
Wells, Trincomalee, and another female from Pankullam Road,
Trincomalee ; Ceylon (Yerbury), 1891.

1 In Dipt. exot, Wiedemann describes the legs as ochre-brown.

324 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV

In Indian Museum, males and females from Calcutta; and
Goalbathan, E Bengal.

In Howlett coll , a series of females from Gorakhpur, United
Provinces; and from Belgatchia, Bengal, ‘‘ on cow.”

A species distinguished by its testaceous legs with no darker
bands, or base of fore tibiae lighter, and by the absence of any
spots on the face.

The female is long, slender, greyish brown, the abdomen
marked with a median grey stripe and with lateral grey spots on
each segment. Antennae yellow, long, the first joint nearly as long
as the third one which is blackish at apex. Forehead with the usual
paired spots, no unpaired spot present. Frontal callus yellow-
ish, transverse. Wings viewed from the base usually appear
pale in the basal cells and in the basal portions of the discal, first
posterior and submarginal cells, elsewhere greyish brown, with
three rosettes distinct, the apical band simple, short, a row of
short whitish disconnected bands run from it round posterior
border of wing.

The males are more reddish yellow on the abdomen, the
first joint of antennae short, stout.

Length of males g—1r mm., of females 8}—1I mm.

9. Face greyish with some short white pubescence, the
fovea alone appearing darker. Palpi pale yellow with black
pubescence, stout, ending in an obtuse point. Antennae reddish yel-
low, the first joint yellowish cylindrical, slightly incrassate,
barely as long as the third joint, the second joint very small, yel-
low, both the two first joints with black pubescence, the third
joint slender reddish, blackish on the annulated apex. Forehead
same colour as face or a shade darker, with some white pubes-
cence, broad, hardly narrower at vertex, the frontal callus red-
dish yellow, shining, reaching the eyes, produced to a short point in
the middle of its upper border, a narrow spot proceeds from its
lower border to between the antennae, the paired spots blackish,
not touching eyes. Thorax blackish brown with three grey stripes
and sides grey, the scanty pubescence consists of short greyish
yellow hairs: scutellum blackish brown, largely covered with greyish
tomentum. Breast greyish. Abdomen blackish brown or brownish,
with a distinct ashy grey median stripe, and grey roundish spots
on each segment not reaching the anterior or posterior border,
these markings are only distinct in well-preserved specimens, the
pubescence chiefly consists of very fine short yellowish hairs,
under side uniformly greyish. Legs reddish yellow, coxae greyish,
base of femora sometimes darker, tibiae not incrassate or hardly so.
Wings greyish, paler at base and at base of submarginal, first pos-
terior and discal cell, though not always very distinctly so, the
stigma and veins yellow, an appendix present on fork of third
longitudinal vein, the two upper rosettes distinct, the third small,
its outer ring incomplete, continued from above across the anal
cell into the axillary lobe of wing, reaching the border, the short
pale bands begin from the anal cell and continue round the border

TGLE:| G. Ricardo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 325

of wing to the apical band which is small and often inconspicuous,
crossing the anterior branch of third longitudinal vein, but not
always reaching the second longitudinal vein.

@. Similar, but the abdomen is largely reddish yellow, darker
at apex. Eyes with the large facets occupying two-thirds of sur-
face, coppery coloured, the basal small facets blackish. Face more
hairy. Palpi pale whitish yellow. Antennae with the first joint
incrassate only about half as long as the third. Frontal triangle
with small yellowish callus, the spot between the antennae brown.
Hind tibiae fringed with black hairs on each side. Fore tibiae
more filiform than in female.

Haematopota limbata, Bigot.

Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xvi, p. 78 (1891) ; 7d., Mem. Soc. Zool.
France, v, p. 626 (1892) ; Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii,
p. I15 (1906).

Antennae, palpi and proboscis dull fawn coloured ; beard grey;
face whitish below, above dark shining chestnut; forehead
whitish with two side black spots; the first segment of antennae
hardly incrassate; thorax dull reddish; the dorsum with four
diffuse blackish stripes, scutellum blackish, sides whitish with
hairs of the same colour (or, in the Latin, pleurae ashy grey) ;
abdomen brownish (in Latin, chestnut coloured) with a wide dor-
sal stripe very regular and greyish white, all the segments narrowly
bordered with yellow, with a lateral blackish spot; pleurae
and halteres pale fawn coloured ; legs uniformly pale fawn coloured ;
wings very pale yellow, the stigma narrow, reddish, and all the
veins bordered with a pale reddish colour, some indistinct very
pale white markings. India: one specimen, 9,11 mm. Bigot,
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 626.

The author in his first notice of the species in his table for
Haematopota in Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xvi, p. 78, describes the
antennae as almost entirely yellowish, abdomen chestnut coloured
with a wide whitish dorsal stripe ; wings yellowish with pale indis-
tinct spots.

From the type kindly lent me by Mr. Verrall in 1906 I made
the following desctiption, published in the ‘‘ Annals’’ as above :—

Type (female) from Bengal, and another female from Khasi
Hills. A fair-sized species, easily distinguished by the prominent
bluish grey median stripe of abdomen, with large black spots on
the upper part of the face.

Brown. Face grey ; a large irregular-shaped black spot on each
side of antennae, reaching to the eyes. Frontal callus yellow,
shining, narrow, concave on the posterior or lower border; the
spot between the antennae black. J orehead grey, the paired spots
black and distinct, the unpaired spot brown, indistinct. Antennae
yellow ; the first joint stout, not so long asthe third joint, with
black pubescence ; the second joint very small, with black hairs ;
the third joint broad, becoming narrower where the annulations

)

326 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL sive

begin, and tapering to a point. Palpi yellow, with dense
black pubescence. Thorax blackish brown, lighter coloured at
the sides, with faint narrow grey stripes, the breast with hoary
markings. Abdomen brown, the posterior borders of the segments
narrowly yellowish; some faint black markings on the sides of
abdomen; the under side brown, covered with grey tomentum.
Legs yellow, with fine black pubescence ; the coxae grey pollinose.
Wings grey, with yellow veins and along appendix; most of the
veins are faintly shaded with darker colour ; the typical markings
are faint : there is one rosette apparent, enclosing the appendix,
and another beyond. Length 11} mm.

In Indian Museum are two females from Khasi Hills, Assam.
One of these islabelled H. limbata, n. sp., Bigot, in his handwriting
and no doubt may be considered a para-type. Both agree in. all
particulars with the descriptions, the apical band of wing is simple,
narrow, but curved on the part crossing the anterior branch of
third vein.

DIVISION II.
Group II.

Legs not uniform in colour, with no rings, but with the base
of fore tibiae ateleast white or yellowish.

(A) Wings with no typical rosettes but with a pale band and streaks.
Haematopota cingulata, ? , Wied.

Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, p. 216 (1828); Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, xvi, p. 79 (1891); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),
XVili, p. I15 (1906).

Thorax brown, with a wide yellow stripe ; abdomen blackish
with whitish segmentations; wings brown, with base, band, and
two curved streaks, hyaline. 9? 44 lines. From Java.

Antennae leather-yellow, with the apex of third joint blackish.
Palpi blackish. Face blackish brown, faintly greyish white at sides
with black dots ; cheeks blackish brown, forehead shining blackish
brown, above in certain lights grey with two brown contiguous
spots. The yellow stripe of thorax is as broad as the full clear
brown sides and is continued on to the scutellum, breast sides full
clear brown, breast greyish. Abdomen blackish brown, the first
segment with a broad triangular whitish spot which reduces the
ground colour at the base to a triangular spot; second segment
with a narrower, triangular spot which attains the base and at its
own base unites with the white segmentation; the following seg-
ments merely with white segmentations; perhaps in perfect un-
rubbed specimens these may have white hairs and. triangular
spots. Under side the same colour, likewise with white segmenta-
tions. Wings at the base as far as the middle cross-veins fairly
hyaline, only yellowish between the last two veins and on the
costal border ; otherwise blackish brown; the hyaline band lies a

IgII. | G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 327

little behind the middle cross-veins, is somewhat oblique, and is
narrower towards the fore border where it meets the posterior end
of the stigma, on the inner border it is abbreviated, behind it lies
the first streak which starting from the fore border, decreasing,
curves forward bow shaped and ends in the band; the second
streak nearer the apex begins from the fore border close to the
apex of the second vein and runs curved forward, so that it gradu-
ally approaches the first one and ends on the inmost part of the
band: the inner border of the wing is brown much further towards
the base than to the middle. Halteres white. Legs blackish brown,
base of tibiae white, posterior femora brown at the base, at the
apex to far beyond the half, honey yellow. In the Leyden
Museum. Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins., 1, p. 216.

The reference given by Kertesz in both of his Catalogues, w7z.,
Cat. Tabanidarum, 1900, and Cat. Dipt., vol. iti, 1908, to v. d.
Wulp, Tijd. v. Entom., xxxiv, p.197, 1891, isincorrect. In Wulp’s
Cat. of Oriental Diptera, 1896, there is no such reference against
H. cingulata, and I have not been able to find any reference to
this species by v. d. Wulp, and it is unknown to me. It should be
an easily identified species by means of the wings which apparently
have not the usual rosettes, but are allied to those of H. vubida and
singularis, Ricardo. fi

(B) Wings with the usual rosettes, the apical band double.
Haematopota punctifera, Bigot.
(Ploxyi fig: 20")

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 629 (1892); Ricardo, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 125 (1906).

Antennae incomplete, blackish at base, first joint very short ;
face and palpi whitish ; forehead wide, dull black with grey tomen-
tum, and a large shining black callus above the antennae; thorax
dark chestnut coloured with four greyish white stripes ; scutellum
brown, greyish in the middle; abdomen blackish brown, sides of
segments, a narrow, interrupted, median stripe, and two spots on
each segment, greyish ; squamae grey, halteres brown ; legs brown,
tibiae pale yellow, black at apex, tarsi black, anterior tibiae almost
wholly black; wings grey, with fine white marking (specimen
damaged). The shortness of the first antennal joint makes the
exact position of this species doubtful. Length 11 mm.: Java, one
specimen. Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, p. 629.

The following description was published by me after seeing
the type :—

The antennae are incomplete; the first joint red, short, and
incrassate, the second one red, small.

Face grey, with white hairs, no spots, but a dark brown band
between the eyes and the antennae. Palf: reddish, with black
pubescence. Frontal callus black, shining, reaching the eyes,
narrow, curved on the posterior border and produced to a point in

328 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

the centre ; a black spot between the antennae. Forehead (denu-
ded) blackish, with grey tomentum and some golden pubescence.
Thorax (denuded) brown, with grey stripes and tomentum and some
black and grey pubescence ; sides grey, with traces of fulvous and
grey pubescence ; scutellum brown, with median grey stripe and
greyish pubescence. Abdomen brown, with grey median stripe,
grey spots on each side, and grey sides; the greyish pubescence
rather dense. Legs reddish brown, the tibiae yellower, the an-
terior ones whitish at the base, brown at the apex ; the anterior
tarsi brown, the middle and posterior tarsi yellow, darker at the
joints and apex ; coxae with rather long white pubescence ; femora
with short white pubescence; tibiae and tarsi with some black
pubescence. Wangs greyish, with appendix; veins yellowish brown ;
stigma brown; a darker spot is visible above the stigma. Length
8 mm. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 125.

Haematopota indiana, 2 , Bigot.
(Pl: xvii, figs r9,)

Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xvi, 78 (1891); 7zd., Mem. Soc. Zool.
France, v, p: 026 (1892); Ricardo. Ann: Mage Nat.) mist (7)
XVili, p. 124 (1906).

Antennae double aslong as the-head, first and second joints
reddish yellow, the third brown, at the base a little reddish yellow,
the first cylindrical, the third not incrassate; palpi chestnut col-
oured, proboscis brown; cheeks and face white below ; forehead
ashy grey with two black spots, and with a black, shining, anchor-
shaped spot below ; thorax chestnut coloured with four ashy grey
stripes, scutellum chestnut coloured, pleurae ashy grey; abdomen
brown, with white segmentations and with a median broad white
stripe; anterior and intermediate femora pale chestnut, paler at
their apices, the posterior ones dull brown, tibiae not with rings,
black, at the base widely white, anterior tarsi black, intermediate
and posterior ones white at base; pleurae brown, halteres reddish
yellow with apex black ; wings pale cinereous, at the apex diffusely
pale brown, and ornamented with numerous white spots and lines.
Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 627.

In Indian Museum one female from Tezpore, Assam.

The following description was published by me in the
“Annals ’’ after an examination of the type :—

A brown species, distinguished by its long slender antennae
and all the tibiae white at the base.

Face grey, dark brown in the centre, immediately below the
antennae ; the stripe between the antennae and the eyes brown,
but broken upinto dots and spots. Palpi reddish, rather long, with
brown pubescence and some white hairs; beard white. Frontal
callus narrow, long, reaching the eyes, shining brown, both borders
nearly straight ; the spot between the antennae black, bordered

IQII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 329

with grey; the paired spots dark brown, large, reaching the eyes
and almost touching the callus ; the unpaired spot brown, small ;
forehead yellowish, with brown markings and grey tomentum and
short black pubescence. Awtennae long, slender, yellow; the
third joint dusky, reddish at base, black at apex ; the first joint
as long as the part of the third joint which is unannulated, the
second joint small, both with black pubescence. Thorax brown,
with grey shoulders and three narrow grey stripes ; short yellowish
pubescence is visible on the dorsum; the sides brown with black
hairs, the breast grey. Abdomen a redder brown, with light nar-
row borders to the segments, darker at the apex; the pubescence
on the light borders short and yellowish, on the other parts black ;
a hoary grey median stripe is very distinct from the second to the
fifth segment ; the under side brown, grey at the sides. Legs red-
dish brown, the fore tibiae and tarsi darker brown, with black pu-
bescence, the base of all the tibiae whitish, on the middle tibiae the
white extends further ; the basal joint of the middle and posterior
tarsi whitish. Wings brown, with yellowish brown veins and
stigma and an appendix ; the apical band single, broad; the first
second, third, and fifth posterior cells light coloured at their apices ;
the dark spot on the fifth posterior cell (as shown in figure) is only
noticeable in the wing in certain lights. Lengthg mm. The type
is labelled ‘‘ Margherita, 5373. 8.”

Haematopota borneana, 2 , Rondani.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 461 (1875); Bigot, Bull. Soc
Zool. France, xvi, p. 78 (1891).

Length 6—7 mm. @°.

Antennae with the first joint yellowish brown; the second
pitchy blackish with the greater part of the third, whose apex is
black.

Forehead dull brown, with two rather small black spots and
a wide shining ferruginous brown anterior callus. Face and palpi
reddish with two small impressed spots at sides. Thorax with the
scutellum above red, the intermediate stripe and side spots brown-
ish, not very distinct ; pleurae paler coloured. Abdomen at the
base yellowish brown, then black, with white segmentations to the
posterior segments, wings brownish, the costal border towards the
apex browner, white spotted, the spots small, and a white trans-
verse stripe distinct at apex. Halteres with a white stalk and
ferruginous club. Legs with anterior and posterior femora pitchy
black, the intermediate ones yellowish brown ; all the tibiae white
with the apex blackish ; anterior tarsi wholly black, the posterior
ones reddish at base. Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii,
p. 461.

I saw the type in the Museum at Genoa in the spring of Igo9,
it is not in good condition, 64 mm. long. A small species with a
red thorax marked with a broad black median stripe and traces of
lateral ones. Jace dull reddish, convex, no dark spots on it, the

330 Records of the Indian Museum. IAYCo) oe Oe

frontal callus reddish brown, shining transverse, produced in the
middle on posterior border near antennae. Forehead reddish, no
other spots visible. Antennae yellow, the first joint nearly as long
asthe third. Palpi yellow. Wings with the apical band single, the
first rosette distinct.

Haematopota cana, 2 , Walker.

List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, p. 207 (1848) ; Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, xvi, p. 79 (1891); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
XVili, p. I16 (1906).

Body hoary ; head white beneath ; eyes bronze colour ; feelers
black, a little longer than the head; first joint tawny towards the
base; mouth black; palpi hoary, tawny towards the tips ; chest
with four indistinct whitish stripes ; abdomen with a broad brown
stripe on the back; hind borders of the segments pale tawny ;
legs piceous ; shanks (tibiae) tawny, with piceous tips; four hin-
der feet (tarsi) tawny at the base; wings very pale grey, adorned
with numerous colourless segments of circles ; wing ribs and veins
tawny, the latter piceous towards the tips of the wings ; poisers
tawny. Length of the body 34 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

N. Bengal. From Miss Campbell’s collection. Walker, List
Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, p. 207.

Type (female), Northern Bengal, 42, 25 (Lieut. Campbell).

A small yellow-brown species, with large grey spots at the
sides of abdomen and an indistinct median stripe.

The type is in very poor preservation, which makes any des-
cription of it incomplete.

Face grey, no spots; the frontal callus brown, both its borders
somewhat irregular; a small brown spot is situated between the
antennae ; the paired spots are brown, large, oblong, the unpaired
one is small. Forehead grey. Antennae brown, the first joint yel-
lowish, stout, not quite so long as the third; the falfi vellow.
with black pubescence. Thorax blackish, with three grey stripes,
the sides and breast greyish. Abdomen yellowish, darker at the
tip, with large hoary grey spots on the sides; the median stripe
appears incomplete, the hind borders of the segments narrowly
yellow. Legs yellow; the fore coxae very long ; the femora brown-
ish; the fore tibiae brown, yellow at the base: the tarsi brown at
the tips. Wings grey, the veins yellow, with an appendix; the
light rosettes and spots fairly distinct. Length 8 mm. Ricardo,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvili, p. 116.

This type being so deteriorated it is impossible to place it even
with any certainty inthis group. The wings bear some resem-
blance to those of H. voralis, Fabr., the basal cells being largely
pale, the apical band is single lineal, curved towards the apex
where it joins the first small transverse band, which joins the
succeeding one, all these bands forming a nearly continuous line
round the border of wing, no pale openings are visible in the pos-
terior cells, three rosettes are distinct ; only one wing remains.

IgII.| G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidace. 331

Division III.
Group ITI.

Legs not uniform in colour but with rings on the middle tibiae
only, all tibiae white at base.

(A) Apical band of wing double.
Haematopota dissimilis, @ , n. sp.

(Plate xvii, fig. 22.)

In British Museum type (female) and others from Baste, and
Gersoppa, N. Canara, India, 1907 (T. R. Bell).

A species allied to H. bilineata, n. sp., in the wing but distin-
guished from it by the first joint of antennae being cylindrical
hardly incrassate, yellowish or yellowish brown in colour, the frontal
callus is also broader. Tibiae not incrassate, the hind tibiae with
a white-haired ring at the base, the middle tibiae only with typical
rings, in this allied to. atomaria, Walk., but distinguished from it
by the cylindrical antennae and narrow frontal callus. Apical band
of wing double, the upper branch proceeding from the inner bor der,
the low: er and larger one from the outer border. Length 81mm.

Face ashy grey with some short black pubescence, a brown
band is present on upper part, broken up into spots, so that the
ground colour appears yellowish brown, and the spots are dark
brown or black. Palfz with the second joint swollen at base end-
ing in a narrow apex, obscurely reddish, with black pubescence.
Ajiteanae reddish yellow, slender , long,” the first joint fully as long
as the first annulation of third joint, shining with black pubes-
cence, hardly incrassate, the second joint very small cup shaped,
likewise with black pubescence, the third joint slender, only slightly
broader at base, dusky in colour at tip; a large black spot is pres-
ent between the antennae. Forehead brownish, the frontal callus
dark blackish brown, shining, almost straight on both borders.
in the type produced slightly on the upper border, reaching
the eyes anteriorly and posteriorly, occupying in breadth about
a third of the width of forehead; the paired spots large,
black, touching the eyes and the frontal callus, the paired spot
small, triangular. Thorax brown with some yellowish brown
tomentum and short pale pubescence, shoulders with some ashy
grey tomentum. Scutellum similar to thorax. Abdomen choco-
late-brown with narrow grey ‘segmentations, under side similar,
pubescence on dorsum scanty, white on segmentations, elsewhere
black. Legs blackish, the base of fore tibiae whitish and the usual
tings on the middle tibiae reddish yellow or whitish, often indis-
tinct, hind tibiae with only a white ring near base and sometimes
a tuft of white hairs beyond, the white base of fore tibiae is more
correctly a white ring near the base, fore tibiae hardly incrassate,
femora reddish yellow, the basal joint of middle and posterior tarsi
pale. Wings very similar to those of H. bilineata, n.sp., the apical

332 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vier. stv,

band in type has the upper branch proceeding from the inner
border very insignificant consisting of a very short narrow line
not reaching .the anterior branch of the third vein, but in the
other specimens it usually crosses it or at least reaches it, the lower
and larger branch is wide at its base, becoming narrower as it
proceeds, crossing the upper branch of third vein.

(B) Apical band of wing single.

Haematopota atomaria, 9 , Walker.
(Plate xvi ois. 11.)

Proc. Linn. Socs London; 4; p. 112 >1(1856) ;) Ricardo,” Ant
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 117 (1906).

In British Museum coll.

Type (female), Sarawak, Borneo (Wallace), 56, 44, and two
other females from Sarawak, 57, 36.

A small dark species, with brown wings, distinctly marked
with the usual rosettes and spots; the first joint of the antennae
incrassate.

Face grey; two small black spots beneath the antennae ; the
upper part of the face with a brown stripe, which becomes yellow-
ish near the antennae; the palpi yellow, with black pubescence ;
the beard white. Frontal callus pitchy brown, shining, broad,
reaching the eyes, with the posterior border convex, rounded, the
anterior border reaching round the antennae; the paired spots black,
round, reaching the eyes and the frontal callus, with yellow borders.
Forehead brown, yellower on the vertex; the unpaired spot not
present. Antennae blackish ; the first joint dark red, shining, with
black hairs, slightly incrassate, considerably shorter than the third ;
second very small; third broad, ending in a point. Thorax brown
with traces of darker stripes and of short white pubescence; scu-
tellum the same colour ; breast brown. Abdomen brown, with nar-
row greyish borders to the segments, which are broader on the
under side. Legs reddish brown, with black pubescence, which be-
comes fringe-like on the hind legs; the base of the anterior tibiae
white, the middle tibiae with the typical rings, the posterior tibiae
brown at the extreme base, then white and brown on the apical
half. Wings brown, with brown veins and an appendix; the
apical band single; all the posterior cells and apical cell with a
triangular white spot at their openings with the exception of the
fourth posterior cell. Lengthg mm. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Mist (7), xvillp. Lr.

The posterior tibiae are white at base.

Haematopota unizonata, Ricardo.
(Plates ies -12. 132)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvili, p. 118 (1906).
Type (male) from Ceylon, 1892 (Yerbury).

1QII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 333

Type (female) from Hakgala, and three females from Niu-
wara Eliya, Ceylon, 1891 (Yerbury), females from Pundaluoya,
Ceylon, 1890 and 1898, and one female from Galagedara, Ceylon,
1897 (Green).

There is a note by Col. Yerbury on this species, viz., “‘ Very
common at Niuwara Eliya, May 189If.’’

A reddish brown species, with rings on the middle tibiae
only; the other tibiae white at the base; the antennae long,
cylindrical.

Face grey; a yellowish stripe covered with brown dots and
spots reaches from the antennae to the eyes on each side; palpi
yellow, with white pubescence; beard white. Frontal callus dark
brown, shining, concave on the anterior (lower) border, convex on
the posterior (upper) border; the spot between the antennae black,
oblong: the paired spots black, oblong, just reaching the eyes,
with grey borders. Forehead brownish yellow, darker on the
vertex, grey at sides. Antennae long and slender, reddish yellow,
the third joint darker; the first joint not quite so long as the
third, the second small, both with black pubescence. Thorax
reddish brown, the shoulders, two stripes which reach the suture
and end in two spots, the base of thorax and a spot on each side
grey; traces of a short white pubescence on the dorsum; breast
brown with brown pubescence, then grey with white pubescence ;
scutellum reddish brown. Abdomen a redder brown, segments
bordered with narrow whitish bands; pubescence black, white on
the borders of the segments and at the sides; traces of grey spots
on the apical segments; the under side brown, with white borders
to the segments, grey at the sides. Legs dark brown, the middle
tibiae redder, with two white rings, and the base of the tarsi yellow-
ish, as are also the posterior tarsi; the middle femora are
reddish, with white pubescence. Wings brownish, with brown veins
and an appendix, the light markings distinct, with three rosettes,
the apical band single. Length 8mm. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hast. (7),. x<vili,.p. 118.

Distinguished from H, atomaria, Wlk., by the narrower frontal
callus, and by the longer cylindrical first antennal joint.

DIvIsiIon IV.

Legs not uniform in colour but with typical rings on the
middle and posterior tibiae.

Group IV.
The first joint of antennae abnormally large and stout, and
as long as or longer than the third joint.
Haematopota validicornis, 2 , n. sp.

(Plate xvii, fig. 23.)
In Brit. Mus. coll.

334 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vion EVE

Type (female) from Biserat, Siam (Robinson and Annandale) ;
others from Phrapatoon, Siam (Dr. P. G. Woolly); and from
Siam (W. Palmer), :

In Indian Museum females from Biserat, Siam (Robinson and
Annandale).

This and the following species are distinguished by the very
large stout first joint of antennae as long as the third joint. The
antennae in this species are reddish yellow, the face with no black
band but one spot on each side touching the eyes, about half
way between the antennae and the oral opening. Frontal callus
yellowish brown. Thorax with grey stripes stopping short at
suture, two others meeting them from the base. Abdomen black-
ish brown with grey spots. Wings with the apical band single,
broad, legs with the usual rings on tibiae, hind tibiae fringed.
Length 9 mm.

Face greyish, where the dark band is usually apparent it is more
yellowish brown, the black spot irregular in shape, pubescence of
face whitish. Palfi pale yellow with pale hairs at base, and black
pubescence. Antennae reddish yellow, the first joint very large,
incrassate, as broad as the third joint at its widest part, with
black pubescence, the second joint very small with thick black
pubescence, the third joint broad and flattened on its basal annu-
lation with the three last ones forming a small apex. Forehead
greyish with black pubescence, the paired spots touching the eyes
and the frontal callus, almost round in shape. Frontal callus
yellowish brown, shining, almost straight on both borders, and
reaching the eyes on lower border, its outer angles rounded reced-
ing from eyes, no well-marked spot between the antennae but
brown rings surround the base of each antenna. Thorax brown
with short yellowish pubescence, the grey stripes dispersed as in
H, javana, Wied., and the base of the thorax grey. Scutellum
brown with grey tomentum in centre. Abdomen blackish brown,
or reddish brown with ashy grey segmentations and round lateral
spots and a grey median stripe is often apparent. Under side
blackish brown with grey segmentations, Legs blackish brown,
the fore tibiae at base yellowish, the middle and posterior tibiae
brownish, each with two yellowish rings, the tarsi on the basal
joints of middle and posterior pair yellowish, the femora with
black pubescence, thick below, on the hind pair thickest, above.
and below atapex. The fore and hind tibiae slightly incrassate, all
with black pubescence, which is thickest on the hind pair, forming
fringes. Wings brownish, the apical band in type is continuous, cross-
ing the whole width of apex, crescent-shaped, concave towards the
apex, in the other specimens often broken in the middle, the small
white spot above stigma has a dark centre, which is occasionally
absent, another white spot meets it, partly surrounding the ap-
pendix and forming the centre of the first rosette, the second
rosette is distinct, encircling the small transverse vein and apex
of discal cell, the third and fourth rosettes are fairly distinct
below, on the hind border of wing white marks are present in the

IgiI.] G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidac. 335

first, second, third and fifth posterior cells but are small, that in
the first cell being largest, below them short bars of white colour
appear.

Haematopota annandalei, @ , n. sp.

(Plate xvii, fig. 21.)

In Brit Mus. coll.

Type (female) from Govt. Gardens, Shillong, Assam; and
another from Khasi Hills.

In Howlett coll. females from Govt. Gardens, Shillong, and
from Umling, Assam, ‘‘ on cattle.’’

Distinguished by the very stout large first joint of antennae,
differing from H. annandalet by the presence of a black band
on face, and the antennae are shining black, the third joint
is narrower. The apical band of wing is single but a different
shape, being short and curved, not reaching the posterior border.
Frontal callus black, shining. Length 83 mm. (type), other females
7—8 mm.

Face greyish with rather thick long white pubescence, the band
between eyes and antennae a deep black, extending across the face
below antennae, the palpi small, greyish, with white pubescence,
darker at tip. Antennae black shining, the first joint longer than
the third one, very stout along its whole length, the second joint
very small, the third joint much narrower than the first joint, the
first annulation being hardly broader and the last three annuli
only slightly narrower. Forehead a darker grey colour, almost
brown with some grey tomentum, the frontal callus narrow, black
and shining, reaching the eyes on its lower border, above with
rounded angles receding from the eyes, almost straight on both
borders, the paired spots large, black, touching the frontal callus
with their apices, and the eyes with their bases, the unpaired spot
narrow, distinct. Thorax blackish brown with scattered short
yellow pubescence, two grey stripes are apparent ending at the
suture, two similar stripes proceed from the base of thorax
towards them; sides of thorax a little grey. Scutellum same
colour as thorax. Abdomen blackish brown with grey seg-
mentations, round small side spots are visible in some of the
specimens ; under side dark with grey segmentations. Legs black-
ish, the base of fore tibiae and two rings on the other tibiae,
and basal joints of middle and posterior tarsi yellowish or white,
pubescence on femora chiefly black, scanty, a little thicker in pos-
terior pair on whose upper side some white pubescence is visible,
tibiae slightly incrassate on fore and posterior pair, with black
pubescence on the dark partsand white on the pale rings, the hind
tibiae fringed with thicker black hairs, tarsi with black pubescence.
Wings brown with the apical band simple, short, beginning just
above apex of second vein crossing the first branch of third vein
ending just beyond it, it has an outward curve towards the base

! This is perhaps a mistake for va/iditcornis.—Ep,

336 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor <tVi;

of wing and is concave on its apical border, the round white spot
above the stigma is distinct and with no brown centre in the type,
in other specimens it is present as a half circle, three rosettes are
clearly formed and pale spots appear in the apices of the first,
third and fifth posterior cells, and smaller ones occasionally in
the others.

Haematopota pachycera, 2 , Bigot.

Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris (3), ii, p. 206 (1890) ; 7d.
Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xvi, p. 76 (1891); Ricardo," Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist (8), i: p. 59 (1908).

Length 8} mm.

Antennae twice the length of head, yellow, the first joint some-
what incrassate, cylindrical, apex brown ; second joint stout, pyri-
form, compressed, apex brown ; others yellow, small. Palpi, beard
and face dull ashy grey. Forehead ashy grey, at base with a
shining transverse yellow callus, brown at vertex with two frontal
black spots. Thorax ashy grey, with wide indistinct brown stripes ;
scutellum brown, abdominal segments with narrow grey borders,
and side spots irregular in shape, of same colour. Wings almost
black, with white markings. Legs brown, fore tibiae dull white at
base, intermediate and posterior tibiae pale yellow, at base apex
and ring brown.

Antennae at least twice as long as head, yellow, the first joint
cylindrical, rather thick, black at apex, the second shorter, thick,
pyriform, truncated, laterally compressed, likewise black at its
apex, the last joints indistinct and very small, bright yellow ; palpi,
beard and face dirty grey, forehead same shade, with a large red-
dish shining transverse callus situated above the base of antennae,
and with two small black spots at border of eyes ; thorax blackish,
indistinctly striped with grey lines, sides grey; scutellum brown ;
abdomen blackish, border of segments and two series of little in-
distinct spots greyish ; calyptrae and halteres yellowish grey ; wings
blackish with rather extensive white markings and spots; legs
brown, naked, fore tibiae whitish at base, intermediate and poster-
ior ones pale yellow with the base, apex and a median ring
blackish.

Laos, one specimen.

The unusual form of antennae, notwithstanding the general ap-
peavance, seems to authorize the establishment of a new genus for
this and the preceding species. Bigot, Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist.
Nat: Paris: 1690, 11, p. 200:

The following notes were published after I had seen the type
in the Paris Museum :—

This type from Cambodia (the description gives Laos) is also
in the Paris Museum.

This species would come under heading ‘‘ 15’ in my table of
Indian and Ceylon species next to H. lata, Ricardo, from which it
is distinguished by the hind tibiae not being fringed, and the third
joint of the antennae is wider and shorter. It resembles H. rubida,

IQIT. | G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 3
9 Jan

Ricardo, in the antennae. Bigot seems to have overlooked the
second joint, which is very small, and described the third joint as
the second one; the first joint is long, cylindrical, and the third
joint very wide, the basal division being large and swollen, the re-
maining divisions very small. The abdomen is black, with the
segmentations grey ; the two rows of spots mentioned by Bigot are
hardly noticeable. The legs have two rings of light colour on the
middle and posterior tibiae, and the base of the fore tibiae is
yellowish. The wings have two indistinct rosettes. Ricardo, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), i, p. 59.

This species probably belongs to this group with the first joint
of antennae very stout and it is possible that my new species
validicornis is identical, though it is apparently distinguished by
the presence of fringes of hair on hind tibiae, said to be absent in
Bigot’s species ; a further examination of Bigot’s type with regard
to the markings of wing is imperative before coming to a
decision.

Since writing this paper I have received from M. Surcouf of
the Paris Museum a copy of his paper in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. de
Paris, 1909, No. 7, p. 453, in which he establishes a new genus
Potisa for this species and suggests my H. rubida will belong to it
also, but as already remarked I have left this species near H.
stngularvis owing to the peculiar markings of wings. The confor-
mation of the first joint of antennae in these species H. pachy-
cera, validicornts and annandalet hardly seems to justify the estab-
lishment of a new genus divided off from Haematopota, as the
shape of the antennae in Haematopota varies very considerably, but
only in small gradations, while the typical markings of wings and
other characteristics remain the same.

Group V.

The third joint of antennae broad and flattened on its first
annulation, the last three annulations forming a narrow apex; the
first joint incrassate, nearly as long as or longer than the first annu-
lation of the third joint.

This group is allied to the genus Parhaematopota established
by Grunberg (Zool. Anzeig., xxx, p. 360) in 1906 for a new
East African species which he named P. cognata. Speiser in Hy-
men, Dipt., vii, p. 360 (1907), added H. vittata, Loew, to this new
genus [Mr. Austen states this is incorrect, see African Blood-Suck-
ing Flies, p. 122 (1909)] and remarks that H. decora, Wik. (H. dor-
salis, Loew, is now asynonym of this species), and its related species
—differing from other Haematopota species by the peculiar form of
the third antennal joint—form a connecting link with Parhaema-
topota, the establishment of which as a genus is only justified pro-
visionally, in the present imperfect state of our knowledge. It
certainly seems advisable to refrain for the present from creating
new subgenera, and to rest content with grouping allied species

338 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV

together. The figure of the antennae of Parhaematopota is not
unlike those of this group as regards the third joint, but the pro-
duced upper angle of the first joint is not present in these Oriental
species.

(A) Wings with a pale oblique transverse streak and no rosettes.
Haematopota rubida, Ricardo.
(Plate xvii, fig. 18.)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 120 (1906).

Type (female) from Burma, 57, 16 (Mrs. Waring).

An easily distinguished red species, with the hind tibiae in-
crassate ; the hind femora with a white bunch of hairs above and a
fringe of black hairs on the under side.

Face grey, the whole upper part deep black ; the palpi yellow
with black pubescence and white hairs below. Frontal callus shining
brown, protuberant, rounded, the posterior border produced, the
anterior border with a deep incision in the middle, filled by the
black spot usually present between the antennae, which is large
and square with yellow borders; the frontal callus is short, not
reaching the eyes; forehead grey, darker in the centre; the paired
spots are black, small and isolated, the unpaired spot not present.
Antennae are of an unusual form ; the first joint very much incras-
sate and large, nearly as long as the third joint, yellow and shining,
the second very small and narrow, yellow, both joints with black
pubescence ; the third joint very broad, ending in an obtuse point,
reddish yellow, darker at the tip. Thorax reddish brown, with
lighter stripes, darker at the sides; the breast grey, with white
hairs; the scutellum the same colour. Abdomen reddish brown,
with very narrow yellow borders to the segments, darker at the
apex ; the under side yellow, with grey tomentum. Legs reddish
brown ; the anterior and posterior pairs the darkest, the anterior
tibiae white at base, the middle tibiae yellowish brown, the two
yellow rings not well defined; the posterior femora broad, with
the fringe of hairs on the under side black, on the upper side black
on the basal half, on the apical half a tuft of white hairs are pres-
ent; the posterior tibiae very stout and broad, with ill-defined
rings as on the middle pair, and fringed with black hairs above
and below; the basal joints of the middle and posterior tarsi pale
yellow. Wangs reddish brown, the veins yellow, with a long ap-
pendix, the apical band single; the pale streak across the middle
of the wing is very noticeable, and at once distinguishes the
species from H. lata, n.sp. Length 10mm. Ricardo, Ann. Mag.
Nat. -rist. (7) 7 xvill p. 120.

This species in the shape of its antennae is very nearly allied
to my two new species H. validicornis and annandalei, and might
be almost included in that group, but is left for the present here
owing to the similarity of the wing to H. singularis, Ricardo.

IQII.] G. Ricardo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 339

Haematopota singularis, @ , Ricardo.
CPlL xvill,; fig 27.)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), i, p. 58 (1908).

Type (female) from Nhatrang, Annam, 22-x-1905 (Dr. Vassal).

This species I had placed under H. cilifes, Bigot, in my paper
on Haematopota in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii (August
1906), p. 126; but since that was published I have had the oppor-
tunity of examining the type of H. cilipes in the Paris Museum,
and find this is quite a different species, not previously described ;
itis related to H. rubida, Ricardo, from Burma, in the wings
and also in the fringed incrassate hind tibiae, but differs from it in
having all the femora and tibiae fringed, in this resembling H. ci/i-
pes, Bigot, and H. lata, Ricardo, with which it should be placed in
the table on p. 114. It is a handsome small black species with
densely hairy legs, and is immediately noticeable by the pale
streak across the brown wings, which have no rosettes apparent,
thus differing with H. rubida considerably from the other described
species of Haematopota from the Oriental Region. In the shape of
the antennae it resembles H. rubida, with the long incrassate first
joint, the very small second joint, and the broad basal division of
the third joint, the last division being small and short.

Face grey, the whole upper part deep black, the lower half
grey, with white hairs ; the beard and under part of head also with
white hairs. Palft yellow, with short black pubescence and some
longer white hairs. Frontal callus black, shining, narrow, almost
reaching the eyes ; forehead brownish, with grey markings surround-
ing the two black spots and continued across the forehead ; there
is a tuft of white hairs on each side of the forehead on the outer
border of the black spot and reaching the frontal callus; on each
side of the forehead bordering the eyes there is a narrow grey bor-
der of tomentum. Antennae yellow, in shape as described above,
with long black pubescence on the first and second joints ; the third
is bare. Thorax black, with three short grey stripes, the centre
one shortest, none reaching the posterior border; the sides grey ;
the posterior border of thorax is fringed with white hairs; the pu-
bescence on the dorsum black, short, with some white pubescence
on the stripes and on the sides ; above the root of the wings there
is a black tuft of hairs, with some long white hairs below. Scutel-
lum appears yellowish, bordered with a fringe of white pubescence.
Abdomen deep black, the second, third and fourth segments with
white segmentations ; the pubescence black, with white hairs on
the sides of the dorsum of second segment, on the white segmenta-
tions, and on the sides of the first segment, on the sides of the
other segments chiefly black; under side the same, but more
hairy. Legs all with fringes of black hairs, which are least
thick on the middle femora; they are brown in colour, with two
yellow rings on the middle and posterior tibiae, and the base of the
fore tibiae is yellow ; the middle and posterior femora are largely
yellow ; the fore tibiae and femora with wholly black fringes, long

340 Records of the Indian Museum. [Von 7EVe

on each border of the femora;long on the outer border and short
on the inner border of the tibiae; the middle femora with whitish
pubescence forming a scanty fringe on their lower borders, with
some thick black hairs at apex; the middle tibiae with a fringe of
coarse black hairs on each border and white and black pubescence
on the dorsum ; hind femora with very thick black and white pu-
bescence; the hind tibiae broad, flat, with fringes of short black
hairs on their borders and black and white pubescence on the dor-
sum; tarsi with short black pubescence ; the middle and posterior
tarsi are almost wholly yellow. Wings dark brown, the pale streak
is continuous from the round pale spot above the stigma to beyond
the apical cell; the pale markings of the apex and the external
border are so placed that, viewed by the naked eye, a second pale
streak is seen divided from the first by a brown parallel band,
with a few brown markings on it, but no rosettes are apparent.
Length 8 mm.

(B) Wings with no pale oblique transverse streak but with the usual
vosettes apparent.
(a) Apical band of wing double.

Haematopota javana, ~ 2? , Wiedemann.
(Plate xvii, fig. 25.)

Dipt. exot., p. 100(1821); 24., Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, p. 218 (1828) ,
v. d. Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Dipt., 19, pl. i, fig. 12 (1881).

? Haematopota nigra, Wiedemann, Dipt. exot., p. ror (1821).

? Haematopota astatica, Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii,
p. 461 (1875).

Black ; posterior border of thorax, scutellum and segmenta-
tions of abdomen whitish (male); or grey-brownish. Abdomen
with a whitish stripe of spots, segmentations and femora a little
reddish (female) ; wings smoky grey with whitish markings. 4 lines
o7 9. From Java.

Very similar to H. pluvialis.

Male. Antennae ochre-brown; face greyish white, with white
hairs, a deep black spot on each side between the eyes and the
antennae; forehead near the antennae with a black spot. Thorax
black and black-haired, brown at the sides, posterior border and
scutellum whitish haired. Abdomen at the base slightly ochre-
brown; the under side almost wholly reddish ochre-brown. Wings
with a white median band, convex towards the apex, with pale
brownish spots enclosed in it; behind the stigma with an oblique
lambdoidal mark, and with several whitish little lines and spots.
Halteres yellowish with a brown club. Legs alternately banded
yellow and black.

Female. Antennae and frontal callus ochre-brown; face grey
haired, with a deep black spot on each side, another behind the
antennae, and the usual two eye-spots on the forehead. Thorax
brownish grey, sides and three lineal stripes whitish. Abdomen

IQII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 341

somewhat deeper brownish, posterior border of the first segment
more broadly reddish, with a triangular grey-haired spot in the
middle, round which the reddish colour is conspicuous ; second and
third segment with a narrow triangular median, and grey-haired
side spots; the others with only a median spot. Under side grey-
haired with a very broad blackish median stripe and narrow red-
dish segmentations. Markings of the wings hardly different from
those of H. pluvialis. Femora very pale reddish, white haired,
apex brown above ; hind tibiae with three brown bands ; the fore
tibiae brown, only whitish at the base. In Westermann’s collec-
tion. Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, p. 218.

Two males caught in May and July at Rawas and Silago
(Sumatra). ‘The first joint of antennae distinctly thicker than
the following ones, and very shining black at the end. The fa-
cettes of the eyes with the exception of those of the lowermost
third are very large. ‘Tibiae very broad and flat, on each side
with thick black-brown pubescence, which is longer on the poster-
ior pair. The markings on the wings are, according to Wiede-
mann, very distinct ; I will only add that the light band at the
apex is double and that a large square pale spot is present on the
posterior part which lies in the middlemost basal cell and traverses
the middle of the lowest basal cell. V.d. Wulp, Sumatra Exped.
DUPt.5 P19:

. The plate given by Wulp shows the apical band double, and
light markings below the stigma (which is not shown itself).

Bigot in Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1891, p. 74, where he gives
a table of Haematopota species, remarks that he does not include
H. asiatica (Rondani) in it, as the author attributes it to Wiede-
mann, but Bigot cannot find in what paper Wiedemann published
it, neither canI. Probably it is an error of Rondani’s—he gives
the first two lines of the description of ‘‘H. javana,” from Dipt.
exot., p. 100, and then adds a few further particulars. V.d. Wulp,
inhis Cat. Dipt. S. Asia, says ‘‘asiatica” is a lapsus calam. 1
saw the type in the museum at Genoa ; it was in bad condition, but
the face appeared to have no spots, so that it is very probable that
it is not a specimen of H. javana at all.

The following is the description of H. negra, Wiedemann, given
as a synonym by Kertesz in his Cat. Dipt., 1906, on what autho-
rity I do not know, and without an examination of the type it is
impossible to decide :—

Black, the posterior margin of thorax, scutellum and segmen-
tations of abdomen white; wings smoke coloured, with white spots.
Length 4 lines, from Java.

Antennae ochraceous, hypostoma greyish white, white haired
and on each side between the antennae and eyes is a large black
spot; forehead near antennae with a black spot. Thorax black
and black haired, sides brown, the posterior border and the scu-
tellum white haired. Abdomen a little ochraceous at base; the
under side almost wholly reddish ochraceous. Wings with a median
dark band, convex behind, enclosing an obsolete white spot, with

342 Records of the Indian Museum. [V or, IV,

a transverse lambdoidal design beyond the stigma and with many
other white lines and spots. Halteres yellowish, the club brown.
Legs yellow with alternate black bands. Mus. Westermann. Wiede-
mann, Dipt. exot., p. Ior (1821).

In Brit. Mus. coll. a series of females from Darien Tipus,
Federated Malay States (Stanton coll.).

In London School Tropical Medicine coll. females from Jelebu,
Negri Sembilan, Federated Malay States (Stanton); and one from
Federated Malay States (H. C. Pratt).

In Indian Museum males from Pusa, Calcutta, Purneah, Raj-
mahal, and Goalbathan, Bengal; females from Rajmahal (at light
on banks of Ganges), Port Canning, Bhogaon in Purneah district,
Khoolna and Goalbathan, Bengal.

In Howlett coll. males and females from Pusa, and female
from Calcutta ‘‘on cattle.”

In Kertesz coll. a female from Tushai Hills.

These females belong to this species I believe, though Wiede-
mann’s description is wanting in particulars, but the face with the
deep black spots on each side and the similar spot between the
antennae, the ochre-brown frontal callus, the yellowish red an-
tennae, the whitish or greyish markings on base of thorax and on
scutellum besides the usual stripes, and the pale reddish femora
white haired, brown at apex, serve to distinguish the species with
the help of the figure of wing given by v. d. Wulp, to which the
above specimens correspond. ‘The wing appears to the naked eye
distinctly marked with brown and white, the brown colouring
being so disposed as to appear a dark square blotch surrounding
the stigma with another similar one above, separated from it by a
pale interval ; the apical band is double, its lower larger half united
to a pale blotch in the first posterior cell in Wulp’s figure, but in
these specimens it is usually disconnected. Length of specimens
93—I10 mm.

9. face greyish with silvery white pubescence; the large deep
black spots very distinct between the eyes and the antennae, the
centre of face just below antennae is also blackish. Palpz pale
yellow with short black pubescence and some longer white hairs at
base and on upper side. Antennae yellowish red, the first joint a
little incrassate after the base, but not broader than the basal
annulation of third joint, which it about equals in length ; it has
dense black pubescence, as has also the second joint which is ex-
tremely small, the third joint devoid of pubescence, the basal
annulation large, with the three apical annulations very small and
narrow. forehead brownish grey, the two black paired spots large,
not touching the frontal callus which is shining yellowish brown,
barely reaching the eyes, its upper border straight but produced
in the middle, its lower border concave, receiving the black spot
between the antennae; no unpaired spot present or only represented
by a small brown spot. Thorax brownish grey with short pale
fulvous pubescence on its dorsum, the three grey stripes distinct,
narrow, the lateral ones ending in a grey spot at median suture of

TQII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 343

thorax, from the base of thorax other lateral stripes proceed and
the base of thorax is grey, this is only apparent in unrubbed speci-
mens; sides of thorax grey, pubescence whitish, breast grey with
whitish pubescence. Scutellum wholly covered with grey tomentum
and with some short fulvous pubescence. Abdomen not very well
preserved in any of the specimens, blackish or reddish brown,
the first two segments usually reddish, the grey stripe apparent
and the segmentations grey, side spots not always apparent; under
side appears lighter at least at sides. Legs brown, the femora
pale reddish or yellowish, white haired below, but the fore femora
have a fringe of short black hairs; the middle pair has a few at its
apices, and the hind femora have a tuft of thick black hairs at
the apex, thickest on the under side, tibiae with two yellow rings,
the fore tibiae whitish yellowish at base with white hairs, incrassate
on the dark part with fringes of short black hairs, the middle
tibiae with black pubescence chiefly on the dark rings, the poster-
ior tibiae broader with fringes of longer black hairs intermixed
with white hairs on the yellow rings, tarsi blackish, first joint of
hind tarsi pale. Wangs dark brown, with the rosettes not very well
defined, but two fairly distinct ones appear, the apical band is
double, its upper part narrowest, the lower part concave on its
upper border, continued when perfect across the second branch of
third vein joining a white mark in the apex of first posterior cell,
above the stigma is a large white mark consisting of a round white
ring with a dark centre, the upper rosette joins it and encloses the
appendix, the second rosette is nearer the posterior border of wing,
encircling the upper part of discal cell and bases of second and
third posterior cells; below this appear a series of short white
bands reaching the fore border of wing below stigma, and continued
to the anal cell border, and into the basal cells, representing the
third rosette but irregular, forming however a very perceptible
mass of pale colouring, the anal cell has a curved white streak,
and on the posterior border a pale mark appears in the species of
most cells.

#. ‘The specimens from India in Indian Museum are more red-
dish coloured than the females, the abdomen largely reddish yellow,
blackish at apex. Thorax scutellum lighter coloured.

The antennae are wholly reddish yellow, not black at apex of
first joint as v. d. Wulp states is the case with his specimens, the
first joint stouter and shorter than in the female. In the wing
the pale markings in the fourth and fifth posterior segment almost
fill up the basal halves of these cells as shown in Wulp’s figure
which is taken from his male specimens.

(b) Apical band of wing single.
Haematopota assamensis, ?, 1. Sp.
(Plate xviii, fig. 29.)

In British Museum coll. type (female) and others from Nang-
poh, Khasi Hills, Assam (H. Maxwell Lefroy) ; and from Shillong ,

344 Records of the Indian Museum. [Ver ING

Assam (H. Maxwell Lefroy). In Howlett coll. females from
Nangpoh.

This species is very nearly allied to Haematopota javana, Wied.,
but is at once distinguished from it by the apical band of wing
which is single, short; starting from the costal border just above
where the second vein ends, it crosses the anterior branch of
the third vein, curving downwards, and ends just beyond; it is
broad at its base, gradually becoming narrower; a pale indistinct
spot sometimes appears beyond it; the first posterior cell is in some
specimens more largely filled at its apex with white markings.
The frontal callus is black, shining, centre of face with no black
spot. The first joint of antennae not quite so incrassate or so long
and the third joint not quite so wide. The grey stripes of thorax
and grey colour of scutellum is here ashy grey, abdomen blackish
brown with whitish segmentations, only median spots sometimes
apparent on second and third segments, and side spots not present.
The hind tibiae are fringed with black hairs. Length 10 mm.

Haematopota lata, 2 , Ricardo
(Plate xvii, fig. 26.)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvili, p. 121 (1906).

Type (female) from Khasi Hills district, India (Chennell), 1878 ;
five females from N. Chin Hills, Burma, iv-93 (Watson).

A dark brown broad-bodied species distinguished by the broad
hind tibiae fringed with black hairs.

Face grey, with some brown marks below the antennae, the
stripe between the antennae and the eyes yellow, with some brown
dots ; the beard white : the palpi yellow, with white pubescence and
a few black hairs intermixed. Frontal callus brown, shining, nar-
row, reaching the eyes; the anterior border irregular with yellow
edges ; the posterior border nearly straight ; the paired spots black,
large, touching the eyes; the unpaired spot small, bordered
with yellow; forehead grey, yellower on the vertex with short
black pubescence. Antennae very similar to those of H. rubida,
long, robust, yellowish red, darker at the tips with black pubes-
cence ; the first joint shorter than the third, stout, incrassate, the
second very small, the third broad, ending in an obtuse point.
Thorax brown, with a narrow, indistinct, grey median stripe con-
tinued to the scutellum; the side stripes grey, broader, ending
at the suture in triangular spots; the shoulders and _ posterior
border of the thorax grey; a short grey stripe from each side of
the base of the thorax running up to the suture outside the usual
side stripes ; the sides and breast grey, the latter with white hairs,
traces of silvery white pubescence on the dorsum, with some black
pubescence. Scutellum brown, grey on its anterior border. Ab-
domen brown, with distinct greyish white borders to the segments :
the sides of the first four segments grey ; from the fourth segment
large grey spots are apparent on each side; a grey median stripe

IgII. | G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 345

is here indistinct, but apparent on the other specimens ; the pubes-
cence brown, with some white hairs, especially at the sides; under
side grey. Legs yellowish, the fore tibiae white at base, dark
brown on the apical half; the fore tarsi brown, the middle and pos-
terior pale at base; the anterior and middle femora with whitish
pubescence, the hind ones with a fringe of black hairs; the tibiae
yellowish, with a brown ring in the middle and brown at base, thus
appearing as yellow rings on the tibiae; the hind tibiae with a
heavy fringe of black hairs extending two-thirds of the length to
the apex. Wangs greyish, with yellow veins and stigma and a long
appendix ; the apical band single, divided in half, the two upper
rosettes distinct ; in the corner of the wing is a round circle, and
above this a double concave circle extending into the anal cell ;
above the stigma is a small round circle ; the basal half of the first
posterior cell is wholly pale; only the upper part of the third
rosette is distinct. Length 9 mm.

In the females from Burma the wings are browner and the
white markings more numerous at the opening of the cells. Ricardo,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 121 (1906).

This species is distinguished from H. assamensis,n. sp., by the
shape of the first joint of antennae which is much stouter, and as
long as the first annulation of the third joint, whereas in H. assam-
ensis, it is shorter and not muchincrassate. The face has hardly
a trace of black spots and there is no spot between the antennae.

The apical band in the type does not reach across the wing,
but extends only a short way beyond the anterior fork of third
vein, in other specimens it reaches across but is broken in the mid-
dle, and in others it is broader, extending the whole width of apex
of wing.

Haematopota sinensis, ? , 1. sp.
(Pi xvii, tig. 28.)

In Brit. Mus. coll. type (female) and others from Wei Hai
Wei, China (Dr. W. M. Muat), 1907; and two females from
Shanghai (Walker coll.), 1892.

A species distinctly allied tothe Oriental species, distinguished
by the short antennae with the disk-like broad third joint,
on the upper and lower border of which at base appears a percep-
tible fringe of black hairs, an unusual characteristic ; it is allied
to H. assamensis, n. sp., from which it may be distinguished by the
paler coloured wings and by the much broader third antennal
joint; from it and from H. lata, Ricardo, it is also distinguished
by the hind tibiae not being heavily fringed and by the shorter
first antennal joint.

The face has no distinct band, the frontal callus is triangular
in shape, the thorax distinctly striped, and the abdomen with
lateral spots and a medianstripe. Wings with a single apical band
and the fifth posterior cell largely pale on its apical half. Length of
type 9 mm., others from 9—11$ mm.

340 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

Face greyish with white pubescence, a dark brown spot is
present usually, between the antennae and the eyes, but in the
series of specimensis often absent or indistinct, the palpi long and
slender, pale yellow with black pubescence. Antennae reddish
yellow, short, the first joint short, stout, not so long as the first
annulation of the third joint, the second joint very small, with its
upper and lower borders produced to a narrow process crowned
with black hairs, both joints with black pubescence, the third
joint with the first annulation remarkably broad, flattened out,
on its upper border with a distinct angle about half-way up and
distinct black hairs on the upper side nearly the whole length
(these are denuded to a great extent in the type), they are also
visible on the lower border, the three last annulations almost bi-
equal, forming a short apex, some black hairs also visible on them ;
between the antennae a dull brown spot is visible. Forehead
greyish with some black markings. Frontal callus triangular in
shape, its lower margins touching eyes, shining, brown; the
paired spots large, black, not reaching the frontal callus and only
touching the eyes at one point in the middle of their outer border,
the unpaired spot small, round. Thorax brown with three distinct
grey stripes, the outer ones interrupted in the middle, and the
sides also grey, breast brown with grey tomentum. Scutellum
covered with grey tomentum. Abdomen brown, same shade as
thorax, with a narrow median grey tomentose stripe most distinct
on the first three or four segments and with round grey tomentose
lateral spots, pubescence whitish, short, but when not denuded
fairly abundant ; under side brown with grey tomentum and pu-
bescence. Legs pale reddish yellow, the femora with some grey
tomentum, the fore tibiae brownish, hardly incrassate, pale at base,
the middle and posterior tibiae brown with the usual pale
rings, the hind tibiae with no distinct heavy fringes of hair, the
fore tarsi brown, paler at apices, middle and posterior tarsi
more largely pale, the pubescence on femora and pale parts of legs
whitish, otherwise black. Wings pale brown, the stigma darker,
yellowish brown, veins brown, three rosettes distinct, the apical
band single, lineal, starting from a pale blotch at apex of the
second vein and reaching across apex of wing in a sinuous course to
the posterior branch of third vein, the first four posterior cells with
small pale markings at their apices, the fifth with a large pale
irregular-shaped blotch filling up the apex, occupying more than a
third of the whole space of cell, three more pale bands are visible
in the cell towards the base, the small transverse bands at inner
border distinct and regular, in axillary angle the curved pale line
is V-shaped.

Group VI.

Third joint of antennae not very broad at base, the first joint
short, stout or cylindrical, often only half as long as the third joint
or at least never longer than third joint which is usually long and
slender.

IgII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 347

(A) Apical band of wing broad, double, almost filling up the apex
of wing.

Haematopota marginata, o ?,n. sp.
(Plate xviii, fig. 32.) -

In Howlett coll. type (female) and another from Pusa, Bengal,
and another from Tezpore, Assam.

In Indian Museum type (male) and others from Goalbathan,
E. Bengal ; and females from same locality.

A species distinguished by the wide double apical band which
almost reaches the extreme apex of wing, and continues round the
posterior border reaching the second branch of fork of third vein, a
pale band continues from it unbroken round the posterior border
to the end of wing. The female is blackish brown with a grey
median stripe and spots, the frontal callus very narrow, the paired
spots large, a black spot present between eyes but no spots or
band on face. Antennae reddish yellow, the first joint cylindrical,
curved. Male with abdomen yellow at base, blackish at apex, legs
pale yellowish, no rings apparent, the first joint of antennae con-
siderably incrassate. Length male, type 8 mm., others 7$—8 mm. ;
female, type 74 mm., others 7—9 mm.

9. Face grey with hardly any white pubescence. Palfi red-
dish, covered with grey tomentum, and with black pubescence.
Antennae slender, reddish yellow, apex black, the first joint not so
long as the first annulation of the third joint, the second small,
roundish, about one-fourth the length of the first joint, both with
some black pubescence, the third joint long slender, only slightly
broader at base. Forehead blackish brown with lighter circles
round the spots and some grey tomentose marks, the frontal callus
very narrow, shining, blackish brown, its upper border somewhat
curved, on its inner border concave, the band at ends is broader
and produced on its inner border forming almost a half circle ; a
small black spot is present between the antennae; paired spots
large, black, oval, not quite reaching the eyes or the frontal callus.
Thorax blackish brown, with three narrow grey stripes ; scutellum
same colour. Abdomen blackish brown with indistinct grey to-
mentose median stripe and grey tomentose lateral spots ; under side
darker. Legs reddish brown, the pale rings of tibiae yellowish,
not always very distinct, fore tibiae at base yellowish, very slightly
incrassate, posterior tibiae not incrassate, with some black pubes-
cence. Wings brown, the pale markings very numerous, three
rosettes distinct, the small transverse bars on posterior border are
zigzag and almost touch the pale border, stigma very distinct,
dark brown, two zigzag pale stripes cross the axillary angle of
wing, the lower branch of the apical band is very narrow and not
always continued to end of the upper broad part of band.

@. Eyes with the lower third composed of small facets. An-
tewnae yellowish, the first joint very stout, almost as long as the first
annulation of third joint, the second very small, the third joint

348 Records of the Indian Museum. [Von. IV,

slender, only slightly wider at base, the first two joints with black
pubescence ; the black spot between the antennae present and a
small shining yellow frontal callus. Abdomen with the first four
segments reddish yellow, the posterior border of fourth and other
segments blackish. Legs rather paler than in female, and the ring
of tibiae not always apparent. Wungs identical in design, the
small transverse bars smaller, reduced to spots.

This species is allied in the wing to H. pallens, Loew, Neue Bes-
chreib. Europ. Dipt., ii, p. 61 (1871). The six specimens of Loew’s
species in the Brit. Mus. coll. recorded by me in the ‘‘ Annals” (7),
Xviii, p. 96 (1906), are females, not males as erroneously printed ; the
Indian females of my species have the antennae reddish and no
band on the face, whereas in the Algerian specimens the antennae
are blackish, only the third joint being pale yellow, black at apex
and there is a black band on the face broken up into spots. The
Indian males have this band but the first joint of antennae is
wholly yellow, incrassate but less so and shorter than in H. pallens.
The spot between the antennae in both males and females of my
species is small and brown, in the Algerian females it is large and
black.

(B) Apical band of wing double, but not almost filling up the apex
of wing.
(a) Both branches of apical band joined at their base, diver-
ging later.

Haematopota tessellata, 2 , Ricardo.
(Plate xvi, fig. 14.)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 120 (1906).

Type (female), Hot Wells, Trincomalee, 8-xi-g1 (Yerbury),
g2, 192.

A grey species with brown wings, the white markings very
clearly defined, so that the wings have a chequered appearance;
the middle and hind tibiae with rings.

Face grey, only a trace of a brown stripe between the antennae
and the eyes. Frontal callus black, short, not reaching the eyes,
very much produced on the posterior border, ending in a point;
the anterior border almost straight; the paired spots large, black,
not reaching the eyes; the forehead is apparently grey, and no
paired spot visible. Antennae yellow; the third joint dusky, the
first joint incrassate, rather shorter than the third, the second
very short, the third long, tapering to a point. Thorax brown,
with three grey stripes; the shoulders, base, and sides of thorax
grey; a short white pubescence on the dorsum; the breast grey.
Abdomen brown, with rather wide white borders to the segments,
grey spots on the posterior segments, and a faint grey median
stripe. Legs brown, the femora lighter, the middle and posteriot
tibiae with rings, the basal joint of the tarsi of the middle and

IQII. ] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 349

posterior legs whitish. Wings brown, with yellowish brown veins
and an appendix; the apical band double, the openings of the
posterior cells light coloured.

Length 84 mm.

A male from Velverry, Ceylon, 26-x-91 (Yerbury), 92, 192, in
poor preservation, is probably the male of this species. Ricardo,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 120.

The apical band of wing is double, both branches united at
base, diverging later. The first joint of the antennae is as long
as the first annulation of the third joint.

Haematopota brevis, ¢ , Ricardo.
(Plate xvi, fig. 16.)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvili, p. 122 (1906).

Type (female), Kanthalla, Ceylon, 19-x-g0 (Yerbury), 92, 192,
and another female; one female from Velverry, Ceylon, 18-i-91
(Yerbury), 92, 192; two females from Bangalore, Mysore, June 24
(Watson), 95, 28, and type (male) from the same locality.

This species is distinguished from H. cingalensis by the short
first joint of the antennae, and from H. javana, Wied., by the
blackish brown abdomen with white incisions and a mere trace of
a grey stripe.

A brown species, distinguished by its short first antennal joint
and by the rings on the middle and posterior tibiae.

Face grey, with brown pubescence; a dark spot under each
antenna and some darker colour continued to the mouth; the
stripe on each side yellowish, with brown dots and spots; the
beard brown; the palpi yellow, with black pubescence and white
hairs below. Frontal callus yellow-brown, in some specimens
darker in the middle, short, broad, not reaching the eyes, the
anterior border nearly straight, the posterior convex; the spot
between the antennae small, ill-defined, brown. Forehead yellowish
brown, darker on the vertex; the paired spots black, triangular,
the apices touching the frontal callus. Antennae yellowish, densely
covered with grey tomentum, at the apices black; the first joint
short, robust, with black pubescence, the second small, with black
hairs, the third slender, twice as long as the first. Thorax brown,
with short silvery white tomentum, and three grey stripes all
ending in a grey spot, but the median one the longest; the base
of thorax and shoulders grey; scutellum brown, grey on the
posterior border, pubescence at the sides brown; breast reddish
brown. Abdomen the same colour as the thorax, the borders of
the segments whitish, the sides of the first two segments grey;
there is a trace of a grey stripe on the second segment only.
Legs brown-black, the base of the tibiae white; the first joint of
the fore tarsi nearly as long as the four remaining joints, which
are broad and short; the middle and posterior tibiae reddish
brown, with yellow rings; the base of the middle and posterior

350 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOL; EV;

first joint of the tarsi yellow. Wings brownish, the veins
brownish, with an appendix; the apical band double; the openings
of the posterior cells mostly light coloured.

Length 9 mm.

Type (male) differs in the third joint of the antennae being

broader and shorter, the forehead grey, with a large oblong brown
spot. The abdomen is redder brown, with a distinct grey stripe;
the scutellum wholly grey, the fore tarsi not so broad, the wings
and the base of the tarsi more white than yellow, the apical line
of the wing broader. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii,
Dieta 2.
, The short first joint of antennae—shorter than the first
annulation of the third joint—and the triangular shape of the
yellowish frontal callus distinguishes this species from H. tessellata,
Ricardo.

(b) Both branches of apical band separate, starting from op-
posite borders of wing and usually overlapping in the
middle.

Haematopota bilineata, 2, n. sp.
(Plate xviii, fig. 34.)

_ In Brit. Mus. coll. type (female) and another. In Indian
Museum females, all from Igatpuri, Bombay, 2,000 ft. (H.
Maxwell Lefroy).

A species distinguished by the narrow apical band of wing
composed of two short lineal bands, each starting from opposite
sides and overlapping at ends, the lower branch often broken up
into spots, the wing is dark brown, with the pale markings distinct
chiefly as small round spots, four rosettes are clearly outlined.
The first joint of antennae is considerably incrassate. Face with
a band and lower spot. Frontal callus narrow. Paired spots
large, touching eyes and frontal callus. Abdomen brown with
grey segmentations. Length type 7 mm., others 8—9} mm. _ Dis-
tinguished from H. cingalensis, Ricardo, by the shorter incrassate
first antennal joint.

Face grey, the band between antennae and eyes dark brown,
in some specimens partially broken up into spots, an oblong
brown spot is present below. Palpi pale reddish with black pubes-
cence. Antennae dusky reddish, the first two joints shining black,
the first joint incrassate, as long as first annulation of the third
joint, the second very small, cup-shaped, both with black pubes-
cence, the third slender, very little wider at base, and the apex
not very narrow. Frontal callus shining, blackish brown, narrow,
its upper border straight, the lower one concave in centre, a black
spot apparent between the antennae. Paired spots large, black,
oblong, their upper apices touching frontal callus, and their base
reaching eyes, unpaired spot black, small. Thorax brownish
with short yellow pubescence, stripes not apparent (denuded).

IgII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 351

Scutellum similar. Abdomen brown with distinct grey segmenta-
tions. Legs blackish brown, the fore tibiae at base, and the other
tibiae with two rings, yellowish, the base of posterior tarsi paler.
Wings dark brown, with apical band as described, posterior cells
with small pale markings in their apices, the transverse small bands
small, chiefly appearing as spots, the stigma darker brown than the
colouring of wing.

Haematopota cingalensis, ? , Ricardo.
(Plate xvi, fig. 15.)
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 119 (1906).

Type (female), 19th milestone, Candy Road, 1890 (Yerbury) ;
two females from Tamblegum, 1890 (Yerbury); and a serise
of females from Anaradhupura, Ceylon; 1899 (Oliver Bartholo-
mew).

There is a note with Col. Yerbury’s specimens to the effect
that the species is common on the road near Tamblegum in Octo-
ber and November.

This species is distinguished from H. cordigera, Bigot, by the
paired spots not coalescing, by the longer first joint of the an-
tennae, and by the fore legs being lighter in colour.

A dull greyish brown species.

Face grey; an oblong black spot under the antennae, and a
black stripe reaching from the eyes half-way across to the lower
edge of this spot, the colour above the spot being yellowish.
Frontal callus pitchy brown, shining, with a concave fore border,
from which a black spot proceeds to between the antennae; the
posterior border is produced in the middle; the paired spots are
black, large, almost toughing the eyes; the unpaired spot ap-
parent, sometimes indistinct ; forehead yellowish, grey at the sides.
Antennae yellow ; the third joint darker, its last three annulations
dull black; the first joint curved, not quite so long as the third,
the second joint very small. Thorax brown, with three well-marked
grey stripes and four grey spots on its posterior border, the side ones
ending at the suture in a spot; there are traces of short white
pubescence on the dorsum; the breast is grey, with some white
hairs. Abdomen light mahogany-brown or brownish, with light
yellow borders to the segments and a well-marked grey stripe
starting from the second segment; there are also distinct oblong
grey spots on each side, beginning from the third segment ; there
is some short white pubescence, thickest on the yellow borders of
the segments; the under side with grey tomentum. Legs reddish
yellow, the fore tibiae white at base, or rather, with one narrow
white ring on the basal half; the apical half black; the middle
and hind tibiae with well-marked typical whitish rings. Wings
greyish, with a yellowish brown stigma and yellow veins and an
appendix ; the rosettes and markings are distinct ; the apical band
in the type and other specimens is double, but in others the double

352 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.2Vs

branch is only represented by two small spots, as shown in the
photograph. Length 8 mm. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),
Vii, Pp. 119.

The first joint of the antennae is long and cylindrical, nearly
as long as the third joint. Frontal callus narrow.

Dipt. exot., i (1);-p. 167, pl. xix, fis:-3 (1838); V.d. Wulp;
Sumatra Exped. Dipt., 19, pl. i, fig. 13 (1881) ; Ost. Sacken, Ann.
Mus. Civ. Genova, xvi, p. 419 (1882); Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, xvi, p. 75 (1891).

? Haematopota pungens, Doleschall, Naturkand. Tijd. Nederl.
Ind. x, p. 407, pl.-iv, fig. 3-(1856).

Red, Antennae with the first joint elongated, cylindrical.
Legs red, tibiae with white rings. Wings red with white spots
(ole 19, fie.-3)) Vength 4 lines: os

Palpi fawn coloured. Face of a yellowish grey colour. Fore-
head greyish brown, base shining black ; an oval oblique dull black
spot on each side of forehead, near the eyes and contiguous to
the black spot at base. Antennae: the first two joints fawn
coloured; the first one long cylindrical, the third joint wanting.
Thorax fawn coloured; sides with scanty grey tomentum. Abdo-
men fawn coloured. Legs fawn coloured; tarsi brown; anterior
tibiae with a whitish ring at base ; intermediate and posterior tibiae
with two yellowish white rings and apex brownish. Halteres
brown. Wings a rather pale reddish brown, with scattered white
spots; a whitish circle towards the middle of the marginal cell.
From Java Museum. Macq., Dipt. exot., i (1), p. 167.

The ring in the figure of wing has a round white circle on
fore border near stigma and another in the axillary lobe of wing,
the apical band is only represented by small white spots. The
type seen by me in Paris Museum in 1906 is almost destroyed,
only the wings remaining.

Nine females from Grabak, Alahan and Lebong (Sumatra).

The specimen caught at Grabak corresponds the most to
Macquart’s description and figure, owing to its rusty colouring.
All the others are darker, but cannot be specifically divided from
it, as they do not differ in any important characters. Even the
above-mentioned specimen from Grabak has the last segment of
abdomen black-brown, always with pale red-yellow segmentations
which indeed are also apparent on the anterior part of the abdo-
men. ‘The figure furnished by Macquart does not give a very
exact notion of the insect ; the dark, instead of pale, spots on the
wings cause the design to be unlike what it is in reality. The
third antennal joint (which is missing in the specimen described
by Macquart) is one and a half times as long as the first one, and

IQgII.| G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 353

always black ; the short second joint the same and even the first
one at least at the end is darker and very shining, in most speci-
mens wholly black-brown. ‘The pubescence on the face and chin
is whitish. The fore legs are darker than the posterior ones, even
in the palest specimens, mostly black, so that the white base of
the tibiae stands out distinctly. The species can be well identified
by the wings, which are almost wholly of a dark colour, the pale
colouring being for the most part confined to small round points,
which are not present on the border of wing at all; an oblique
series of these points runs through the cubital and basal cells,
and the pale band which is present at the apex of wing in other
species is here hardly outlined by a pair of spots on both sides
of the upper branch of third vein ; the second basal cell is inter-
sected by a pale band, a continuation of pale spots in the first
basal cell, and this band continues strongly curved into the pos-
terior angle of wing. It is not unlikely that Doleschall had a
specimen of this species before him when he described H. pungens
but his remarks are too short to make it possible to decide this
point ; of the wings he only says that they have white spots and
points, and his figure bears witness to the contrary, because it
delineates the rows of points as distinct stripes. As I have al-
ready remarked, not much value can be attached to them; how-
ever they are, on the whole, better than those of Macquart. V. d.
Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Diptera, pl. i, fig. 13, p. 19.

Four females. Mt. Singalang, Sumatra, July 1878 (Beccari).
I determine this species in agreement with Mr. V. d. Wulp who
showed me three closely-allied species from Sumatra, but which
could easily be distinguished by the arrangement of the spots at
the tip ofthe wing. Macquart’s description shows slight discrepan-
cies. H. pungens, Dol. (Java), may be the same species, but the
description is too incomplete. Osten Sacken, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, Xvi, p. 419.

The following is a translation of the description of Haemato-
pota pungens, by Doleschall :—

Red-brown, the abdominal segments with paler segmenta-
tions; eyes brassy brown, wings dark with white spots and
points, legs with indistinct white lines. Length 4 lines.

Numerous in the woods of the mountain Oenarang, and very
troublesome to horses in the rainy season.

The figure given by Doleschall is useless as a means of identti-
fication.

In the British Museum are two females, one from Negri
Sembilan, Malay Peninsula (H. V. Ridley), 1900, and the other from
Kobele, N. Borneo (D. Cater), 1895, which I believe belong to this
species judging from the wings and the rusty or reddish yellow
colour of abdomen, darker at the apex. The wing as figured by
V. d. Wulp does not show the round pale circle above the stigma
or in the axillary lobe of wing, present in Macquart’s type
and figured by him ; in these specimens the one above the stigma
is present, though not forming a perfect circle, the second one is

354 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

absent; the two spots forming the apical band and the small
transverse bars usually formed of two spots continued round the
posterior border of wing, and the absence of any pale markings in
the apices of cell on posterior border of wing distinguish this
species from others; two rosettes are fairly distinct. The frontal
callus is broad, triangular, being produced on its upper border,
the paired spots touch the eyes but not the frontal callus, an
indistinct reddish spot appears between the antennae. The first
joint of antennae is yellowish cylindrical, not quite so long as the
first annulation of the third joint, the second joint yellow, the
third is slender, dusky reddish, but black at apex. Legs: in one
specimen the fore legs are blackish, in the other the same colour
as the remaining ones, v7z., reddish, white at the base in both
specimens.

(D) Apical band of wing single, broad, band-lhke, reaching from
outer to inner border of wing.

Haematopota Iunulata, ? , Macquart.

Dipt. exot. Suppl. iii, p. 175, pl. 1, fig. 6 (1847); V. d. Wulp,
Sumatra Exped. Dipt.. 20, pl. i, fig. 14 (1881); Ost. Sacken, Berlin,
Ent. Zeit., xxvi, p. 97 (1882).

Black. Antennae red at the base. Legs red, tibiae whitish.
Wings brown, spotted with white, with a lunate spot (pl. 1, fig. 6).
Length 4 lines. @.

Palpi brown with white tomentum. Face with white tomen-
tum. Forehead black with scanty grey tomentum ; anterior callus
black; a small dull black spot on each side at border of eyes and
contiguous to the callus. Antennae: first joint fawn coloured,
cylindrical, a little elongated, second and third black; third joint
once and a half as long as the first. Thorax with scanty greyish
tomentum. Abdomen dull brownish black; a little whitish at the
segmentations ; second segment with a dorsal triangular spot of
white tomentum. Femora of a fawn colour inclining to brown;
anterior tibiae incrassate, a little convex on the outer border, an-
terior half white; posterior half black; anterior and posterior
white with black apex (sic) ; tarsi black, first joint of anterior pair
fawn coloured. Wings with white spots and a lunate shaped white
one atapex. From Java, from M. Payen. Macquart, Dipt. exot.
Suppl. iii, p. 175.

One male from Moeara Laboe, and one female from Alahan.

Both agree so nearly with Macquart’s description as regards
the design of the wing that I do not hesitate to ascribe them to
this species ; a male from Silago probably belongs here but is not
in good condition and is set in such a manner that it cannot be
distinctly identified. The male from Moeara Laboe is 8 mm. long ;
the antennae are wholly black or black-brown; the first joint is
little stouter than the following ones, and very shining; the eyes

IQII.] G. Ricardo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 355
g

have tolerably large facets above, below very small ones, the small
triangular forehead is almost wholly occupied by the shining black
frontal callus.

The legs are very dark brown, the fore legs black, except the
basal third of the tibiae which is white ; on the middle tibiae the
white colour extends further, almost three-fourths of the length ;
the hind tibiae are distinctly incrassate, more red-yellow and
only white at the base, on both sides with thick black-brown
fringes of hairs.

The female is somewhat larger and has more wholly black
antennae contrary to Macquart’s account, who described the
female only and called the first antennal joint red-yellow. The
legs are alSo distinctly darker than Macquart’s description would
lead one to believe. The facets of the eyes are wholly very small.
The ground colour of the wings is darker than that of the two
preceding species, especially on the anterior part ; the pale colour-
ing consists of a large quantity of spots which are spread over
almost the whole wing, but are absent at the apex, being there
replaced by a very broad transverse band which is convex on its
discal border, commencing at the apex of the second vein
(radial vein), crossing the upper branch of the third vein and
across the apex of wing, ending in the posterior border of wing
(this is probably the moon-shaped form which was the cause
of the specific name); the pale band intersecting the second
basal cell ends in the posterior angle of wing, curving like a hook
and forming with a pale spot situated on the anal vein a more or
less eye-like form. V.d. Wulp, Sumatra Exped. Diptera, p. 20,
pl. i, fig. FA;

Osten Sacken places the following remarks under the heading

of H. lunulata, Macq. :—

esSpeie

All the specimens before me have the design on the wings like
the above-quoted figure of v. d. Wulp, but some of them have the
antennae reddish, except the latter part of the third joint which is
black ; and at the same time two whitish rings on the hind tibiae ;
the other group of specimens has altogether black antennae and
only one white ring near base of hind tibiae. Neither of them
agrees entirely with Macquart’s description. Osten Sacken, Berlin.
Ents Zett:, xvi, p. 97.

Type in the Paris Museumseen by mein 1906. A smali species.
Frontal callus black, convex, reaching eyes, and the two usual
black spots on forehead present. Legs yellowish with brownrings.
Macquart’s figure shows the apical band (his ‘‘ lunule blanche ’’)
single, crescent-shaped, the same width throughout: v. d. Wulp
figures it as broader and more irregular; in the apices of cells on
posterior border he shows small pale markings, the third posterior
cell appears paler with many white spots, the fourth and fifth and
axillary angle of wing largely paler, only the first rosette at all
distinct. Macquart’s figure is useless except as regards the

356 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vers lve

drawing of the apical band. I have not seen any specimens of
this species in the collections to which I have had access.

Haematopota latifascia, ? , n. sp.
(Plate xvi, fig. 10.)

Type (¢) in Brit. Mus. coll. from Shillong, Assam (H. Max-
well Lefroy).
In Howlett coll. a female from the same locality.

A species distinguished by the broad band-like apical band of
wing extending across the whole breadth of apex of wing, by the
long stout first antennal joint, fully as long as the first annulation
of the third joint, by the black band of face and the narrow frontal!
callus. It differs from H. /wnulata, which it approaches in the shape
of apical band, by the greater length of first antennal joint and by
the presence of the black band on face. Length 9 mm.

Face covered with greyish tomentum, more yellowish brown in
centre, the black band very distinct, reaching across from border
of one eye to the other and extending more than half-way down
the cheeks ; pubescence on face white. Palpi fawn coloured, slen-
der, with black pubescence and some grey tomentum. <Aniennae
reddish yellow, the first joint stout, the same width throughout,
the second one very small, both with black pubescence, the third
joint dusky at apex, the first annulation moderately broad, the
last three narrower; spot between antennae present, blackish.
Forehead brownish, with grey circular markings, the pubescence
black; the frontal callus blackish brown, narrow, almost straight
on both borders, reaching the eyes, the paired spots large, blackish,
almost touching it and contiguous to eyes at one point, unpaired
spot present. Thorax reddish brown, with some reddish yellow
short pubescence, stripes hardly apparent, sides greyish. Scutellum
similar to thorax. Abdomen brown with greyish white segmenta-
tions and some greyish white hairs at sides; under side brown.
Legs blackish brown, the base of fore tibiae, the rings on middle
tibiae, the base and ring of posterior tibiae yellowish white, the
basal joint of middle and posterior tarsi also pale coloured, the fore
tibiae are slightly incrassate, the hind tibiae broad with thick
black fringe of hairs on borders, thickest on the outer one.
Wings brown, with three rosettes clearly outlined, the broad
apical band starts from the junction of the second vein at border
and crosses in an almost straight line to the inner border, which,
commencing from the first posterior cell, has a continuous pale
edging to the axillary angle; this is not quite so continuous in the
second female; the small transverse bars between this and the
rosettes are distinct, each usually taking up the whole breadth of
the cell in which it is situated ; the white spot above the stigma
is conspicuous either as a round white circle or a plain spot;
veins and stigma brown.

IQII. | G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 357

(E) Apical band of wing single, narrow, not band-ltke, reaching from
outer to inner border of wing.

Haematopota fuscifrons, Austen.
(Plate xvii, fig. 17.)
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), i, p. 41z (1908).
Haematopota cordigera @ , Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xvi,

p.- 76 (1891); 7zd., Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 626 (1892) ;
Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 125 (1906).

Antennae yellow, the first joint cylindrical, the third not at
all swollen, blackish toward the apex, about twice as long as the
axis of head: palpi whitish, proboscis brown, face and beard
white ; a large wide shining black spot above the antennae; and
beyond this on the pale ashy grey forehead a large dull black
cordiform spot, vertex brownish ; thorax dull reddish with three
greyish stripes, sides with white tomentum, scutellum chestnut
coloured, greyish in the middle; squamae greyish, halteres pale
yellow; abdomen blackish, and little shining, all the segments
narrowly bordered with white ; femora yellow, the base and apex
brownish, the anterior pair blackish, anterior tibiae black with
the base white and the tarsi black, intermediate and posterior
tibiae with the base, apex and median ring black, white above the
latter and reddish below, their tarsi black, yellow at the base; wings
grey, with numerous whitish spots dispersed in irregular series,
and at the apex a transverse concave straight simple whitish band.

Lengthgmm. Bengal, one specimen. Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool.
France, v, p. 626.

Type from India.

This species is easily distinguished by the colouring of the
forehead, by the cylindrical antennae, and by the rings on the
middle and posterior tibiae.

Face grey, no spots except faint traces of two below the
antennae. Palpi yellow with black pubescence; beard white.
Frontal callus dark brown, shining, reaching the eyes, broad,
bordered in front by a shining yellow narrow band, which is
continued between the antennae instead of the usual black
spot. Forehead grey, with a large brown-black heart-shaped
spot in place of the usual paired spots; it joins the posterior
border of the frontal callus and almost reaches the eyes at the
sides; becoming narrower on its posterior half it is continued to
the vertex as a broad stripe. Awtennae yellow, long, slender, but
not so long as those of the preceding species (H. indiana, Bigot),
the first joint being not much more than half as long as the third,
the second joint short, both with black pubescence ; the third with
the extreme apex dusky. Thorax brown, with grey shoulders
and grey stripes, ending in spots at the suture ; grey spots at the
base ; the sides are also grey, as is the breast which has white
hairs. Scutellwm brown, grey inthe centre. Abdomen dark brown,
with distinct white borders to the segments, but no sign of stripe

358 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

or spots; the underside brown, with grey tomentum. Legs yellow-
ish brown ; the fore tibiae white at base, the middle and posterior
tibiae with the typical rings, and the basal joint of the tarsi
whitish. Wangs pale brown, with brown veins and an appendix:
the apical bandsingle, broad and curved. Length 8mm. Ricardo,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii, p. 125 (1906).

Haematopota fasciata, 2, n. sp.

Type (female) from Howlett collection, Shillong, Assam, and
another in Howlett collection from same locality.

A species allied to H. latifascia, n. sp., but distinguished from
it by the narrower, more irregular apical band, by the first joint
of antennae being less cylindrical but more incrassate or globular,
as long as the first annulation of the third joint, by the band of
face being indistinct, broken up into brown spots, and the hind
tibiae are not incrassate and are less heavily fringed. Length 8 mm.

Face greyish with white pubescence, the band is represented
by an upper and alower brown spot. Pali reddish yellow, slender,
with black pubescence, and some longer white hairs below.
Antennae reddish yellow, the first joint shining, slightly nar-
rower at base, incrassate, almost bare of pubescence, the second
joint small with black hairs, the third joint dull red at base and
then blackish, narrow; the difference between the antennae and
those of the preceding species is not very marked. forehead grey-
ish with black pubescence. Frontal callus blackish brown, narrow,
almost straight on both its borders, spot between antennae
black ; paired spots black, touching eyes and frontal callus; unpaired
spot present. Thorax blackish with short appressed yellowish
hairs, and some grey tomentum. Scutellum similar. Abdomen
reddish brown, redder on basal segments, with distinct pale seg-
mentations clothed with short yellowish hairs which are also
scattered over dorsum, sides with white hairs; under side reddish
yellow. Legs reddish yellow, fore pair blackish, the base of fore
tibiae white, middle and posterior tibiae with faint brown typical
rings which are fairly distinct however on the other female, apical
joints of all tarsi blackish. Wings very similar to those of H.
latijascta, but the apical band is not band-like but narrower and
irregular, reaching across the whole width of wing however or very
nearly so, broadest at its base, the inner border with a less pro-
nounced pale edging.

(F) Apical band of wing single, narrow, not band-like, short, not
veaching from outer to inner border of wing.
Haematopota inconspicua, 9, sp. n.
(Plate xviii, fig. 31.)

In Brit. Mus. coll. ‘Type (female) and another from Igatpuri,
Bombay (presented by H. Maxwell Lefroy). In Indian Museum
temales from same locality and collector (1904).

LOLI. | G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 359

A small species with brown wings, the apical band single,
short, and five distinct small transverse white bars on posterior
border of wing in the submarginal, first, second, third and fourth
posterior cells, distinctly divided from the rosettes and almost
touching the pale marks in the apices of these cells. Frontal callus
black, shining, narrow, reaching the eyes, the paired spots large,
touching it. Antennae reddish yellow, the first joint about half
as long as the third one. Face with narrow black band and a
black spot between the antennae. Abdomen brown with grey
segmentations. Length type 7 mm., the other specimens 63—73
mm.

Face grey with white pubescence, with narrow black or brown
band between eyes and antennae and below on each side touching
eyes a brownish or black spot almost joining or distinct from the
band. Palpi dull reddish yellow with pale pubescence. Anten-
nae dull reddish yellow, the first two joints with black pubes-
cence, the first joint cylindrical, not incrassate. the second
small, round, about a third of the size of the first joint, the third
joint slender, the first annulation a little dilated and broader
than the three last ones. Forehead yellowish grey, broad, the
paired spots large, almost round, not quite touching the eyes on
the frontal callus, the unpaired spot small, round. Frontal callus
black, narrow, a little produced on its upper border ; a black spot
is present between the antennae. Thorax brown with three distinct
yellowish grey stripes interrupted at median suture, base of thorax
with a grey border ; sides of thorax yellowish grey; breast grey.
Scutellum same colour as thorax or morereddish brown. Abdomen
reddish brown with distinct grey segmentations, no spots visible,
pubescence short and fulvous; under side similar. Legs reddish
brown with base of fore tibiae, two rings on middle and posterior
tibiae and basal joints of middle and posterior tarsi yellowish,
the fore tibiae hardly incrassate, pubescence of legs nowhere
thick or noticeable. Wings pale brown, the pale markings very
distinct, the apical band single, short, three rosettes distinct, from
the centre of the lower one situated in the apex of the second
basal cell a curved white line starts, crossing the anal cell into the
axillary angle of wing, reaching the posterior border, produced to a
point in the middle of the axillary angle ; stigma and veins reddish
brown,

Haematopota immaculata, 2, n. sp.
(Plate xviii, fig. 33.)

In Howlett coll. type (female) and others from Kanara, Bom-
bay, and from Bombay.

A species allied to H. inconspicua, n. sp., but distinguished by
its larger size, the greater length of the first joint of antennae (more
than half as long as the third joint), by the absence of any black
spot between the antennae, and of any black band on the face,
though a spot is usually present below on each side. Frontal

360 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vou, EVs

callus is wider and with its borders straight, the paired spots are
smaller and further removed from the frontal callus. Thorax with
no stripes visible as a rule, brown with short fulvous pubescence.
Scutellum similar. Abdomen brown or blackish brown with some
greyish yellow tomentum which in some specimens appears as
lateral spots, but in the type the colour of abdomen is uniform with
some pale yellowish pubescence at sides. Wings very similar to
those of H. inconspicua, n. sp., the apical pand similar, and the
transverse bars near posterior border of wing, but on the border
there are no light markings in the apices of the cells. In all other
respects similar to H. inconspicua, from which however it is very
distinct. Length type 8 mm., others 8—9 mm.

Group VII.

Antennae long and slender, the first joint as long as the second
and third together.

Haematopota cilipes, 2 , Bigot.

Nouv. Archiv. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris (3), ii, p. 205 (1890) ;
1d., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xvi, p. 77 (1891) ; Ricardo, Ann. Mag.
Nat Hist? (8). p57) (god):

Length Ir mm.

Antennae chestnut coloured, elongated, the first segment not
incrassate, as long as all the others taken together, the third joint
at base very much longer than the apical ones together : palpi and
face ashy grey, beard white; forehead black- brown, at the base
shining chestnut coloured, marked with two lateral black spots ;
the whole body black-brown. Thorax ashy grey behind, with
narrow margins, pleurae ashy grey ; calyptrae and halteres brown ;
wings almost black with white markings and spots ; anterior and
posterior tibiae fringed below with thick short black hairs, anterior
legs black, tibiae at base white, intermediate femora and tarsi
dull chestnut coloured, intermediate tibiae pale fulvous, Vase, apex
and median ring brown, posterior legs similarly coloured, femora
above with long white pubescence.

Antennae rather slender, much longer than the head, brownish,
at the base slightly reddish, the first joint narrow, the first annula-
tion of the third joint much longer than the following ones to-
gether; palpi and face grey; beard white; forehead blackish, a
transverse irregular callus above the base of the antennae, shining
red, two black spots near the eyes ; body wholly blackish, with the
posterior border of thorax and of the abdominal segments very nar-
rowly bordered with grey colour ; calyptrae and halteres brownish,
wings blackish with white markings and rather scattered spots ;
anterior and posterior tibiae shortly and densely fringed black ;
anterior legs black, the tibiae whitish at base, intermediate and
posterior legs brownish, the tibiae fawn coloured, black at base
and apex, ornamented with a median black ring, the posterior
femora furnished above with white hairs. Laos I specimen.

TOrr.| G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 361

The conformation of the antennae and in particular the hairi-
ness of the tibiae as well as the posterior femora might establish
this species as a new genus, divided off from the old genus Haema-
topota, which perhaps itself is very little homogeneous. Bigot,
Nouv. Archives Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1890 (3), il, p. 205.

The type came from Laos, a district of Siam, and was seen
by me in the Paris Museum after my paper on Haematopota had
gone to the printers.

It should go in the table published on p. 114 of the Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii (August 1906), under the heading “15"’,
preceding H. lata, Ricardo, thus:—‘‘ Black species, with all the
tibiae densely fringed and the posterior femora with white hairs
on their lower border.’’ The hind tibiae have a very thick black
fringe, and with the white-haired femora should easily distinguish
the species. The antennae are long, the first joint being longer
than the second and third together and is a little incrassate; the
second is very small, the third rather long and slender. The wings
are of the ordinary type and have three distinct rosettes, the
apical band reaching across the apex; the appendix is long. The
frontal callus is large, reddish, with the black paired spots above.
Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 1, p. 57.

UDENOCERA, Ricardo.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xiv, p. 352 (1904).

This genus is nearly related to the two South American genera
Diachlorus, Ost. Sack., and Acanthocera, Macq., and is formed for
a species from Ceylon which bears a general resemblance to the
latter genus, but is distinguished from it by the absence of a tooth
on the third joint of the antennae, which also divides it from
Dichelacera, Macq. It is distinguished from Dziachlorus by the
length of the first joint of the antennae, which is nearly as long
as the third joint, and by the altogether longer slender antennae,
the third joint being cylindrical; the fore tibiae are neither curved
nor broader; these differences, together with the presence of a
tubercular projection situated more than half-way down the face
on which the antennae are placed, seem to justify the formation
of a new genus.

Generic characters.—Antennae long, cylindrical, with no tooth
or projection on the third joint; the first joint is quite two-thirds
the length of the third joint, the second more than half as long
as the first joint, the third joint has the first division as long as
the four last divisions together, the latter being of equal length,
with the exception of the last one, which is a little longer, ending
in a blunt point; they are situated on the lower edge of a protu-
berant tubercle which reaches the eyes on each side and is itself
placed more than half-way down the face; the forehead is long,
gradually narrowing to the vertex. The palpi are Tabanus-like in
shape, ending in an acute point. ‘The abdomen is long and narrow,

362 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.7 IVs

the same width throughout. The wings are longer than the body
and rather large. The legs are long and slender.

Udenocera brunnea, ? , Ricardo.
(Plate xvi, fig. 8.)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xiv, p. 355 (1904).

Three females from Kandy, Ceylon (Yerbury). The type is
numbered 31, 5, 92, the others 18, 5, 92 and 30, 5, 92.

Brown, Face shining brown below the antennae, forming a
triangular convex tubercle, with the apex reaching the proboscis,
and longer than the cheeks; on each side of the face is a brown
shining stripe bordering the eyes for a short distance and then
the facial tubercle to its apex; the cheeks are ashy grey, with long
white hairs. The proboscis short, the palpi nearly as long; the
first joint short, the second stout at its base, curved, ending in a
point, yellow, with black pubescence. The first two joints of the
antennae yellow, with black pubescence, the third black; the
antennal tubercle brown, shining, grey below; the forehead brown,
shining, convex in the middle, with a transverse groove near the
tubercle. Eyes bare, the facets of equal size; on the posterior
border the eyes project beyond the vertex of the forehead.
Thorax brownish, shining, with indistinct linear yellow stripes on
each side, yellow at the sides; the breast brown with black hairs,
then grey with whitish hairs. Scutellum yellow-brown at extreme
base, with yellow pubescence. Abdomen of a uniform brown,
somewhat shining, with brown pubescence, the under side yellowish
at the base. Legs pale yellow, with the femora, apices of tibiae
and apices of all the joints of the tarsi except the first one brown ;
the last joint of the tarsi wholly brown, with pulvilli and claws ;
the pubescence of the legs is yellow on the yellow parts and black
on the brown parts. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish brown,
the fore border and the apex brown; some light spaces are appa-
rent in the brown of the apex; the brown shading extends along
the posterior border faintly into the fourth posterior cell; on one
wing of the type the apical brown is reduced to a shading of the
veins.

Length II mm.

@. Four specimens from Kandy, Ceylon, are evidently the
mates of this species though differing in colouring, being reddish
yellow.

Eyes.—The large facettes occupy two-thirds of the eye, reach-
ing the upper end of frontal triangle. Face ashy grey with some
weak brownish hairs. Beard white. Pa/pi short and stout, yellow
with greyish tomentum and brown hairs. Antennal tubercle not
quite so protuberant as in female. Frontal triangle blackish with
grey tomentum. Thorax bare, chamois-coloured, with a few long
yellowish hairs on dorsum and shorter ones. Scutellum the same,
covered with greyish tomentum. Abdomen reddish yellow, shining,

IQII. ] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 363

darker and narrower at apex, some black short pubescence on
dorsum, with some yellow hairs at the segmentations. Wzngs with
the brown colouring fainter.

The specimen named by Walker Chrysops parallelus, and
referred by me doubtfully to Diachlorus [see Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7), ix, p. 372 (1902)], from Batjan Island (Batchian) (Wal-
lace coll.), may possibly belong to this genus; but the antennae
are wanting, the formation of the forehead, of the antennal tubercle
and face, besides the shape of the abdomen and legs, agrees with
that of the species described above.

NEOTABANUS, gen. nov.

This genus is formed for a species from Ceylon not unlike a
Tabanus species in appearance, but distinguished from any species
of Tabanus known to me by the prominent tubercle below the
forehead where the subcallus is usually situated, bearing the
antennae, and by the narrow forehead with no frontal callus or
other spots visible, the narrowest part of the forehead is at the
vertex. No ocelli present. Hind tibiae with no spurs. Antennae
are J abanus-like, the first two joints short, the third slender with
a very slight angle at base, and composed of five divisions. The
genus therefore belongs to the division Tabaninae, and is allied to
Udenocera, Ricardo, in the possession of the antennal tubercle,
but differs in the shape of antennae.

Neotabanus ceylonicus, ? , n. sp.

Two co-types @ from Pundaluoya, Ceylon.

A species not unlike a Tabanus species, with a blackish thorax
and a brownish abdomen, covered with yellowish grey tomentum
and some scattered pale yellow pubescence. Antennae and legs
yellowish red. Wings hyaline, tinged yellow on the fore border.
Length 12—13 mm.

Face greyish yellow with some greyish tomentum, the cheeks
with long blackish hairs, below and on face some pale yellow hairs
are discernible, face with small foveae on each side below antennae.
Beard pale yellow. Palfi red or yellow with long pubescence,
chiefly black, but whitish on outer sides and at base, the first joint
very small, the second swollen, curved, ending in an obtuse point,
nearly as long as the short proboscis. Antennae reddish, the third
joint black, the first two joints with black pubescence, the first
joint short, stout, nearly as broad as it is long, the second small,
roundish, barely half as long as the first joint, the third slen-
der, slightly wider at base, the last four divisions narrower, the
last division longer than the preceding ones, some black hairs
present at each segmentation. Forehead brownish with black
pubescence, the tubercle projecting above the plane of forehead,
shining reddish brown with traces of grey tomentum, placed below
the eyes, and rounded off below, divided in the middle, so that

364 Records of the Indian Museum. [VorLs ave

each antenna may be said to be surrounded by a tuberculous
base, the forehead is narrow, about three times as long as it is broad
anteriorly above the tubercle, at vertex about half as broad as it
is anteriorly. Thorax blackish brown with traces of grey tomen-
tum, with some appressed yellowish pubescence, and scattered
black hairs on dorsum, thick at sides which with shoulders are
lighter in colour. Scutel/um similar to thorax. Abdomen yellowish
brown with some grey tomentum, with appressed yellowish pubes-
cence and some short black pubescence, sides with yellow hairs ;
under side similar. Legs reddish yellow, pubescence on femora
chiefly yellowish white, yellow and black on tibiae and tarsi.
Wings hyaline with the usual neuration of Tabanus species, short
appendix present, fore border narrowly tinged yellow, veins yellow.

DIACHLORUS, Osten Sacken.
Diachlorus flavipennis, 2? , Macquart.

Dipt. exot. Suppl. iv, p. 339 (1850).

Thorax black. Abdomen red, with the apex brown. Anten-
nae and legs red. Wings yellow, unspotted. Length 44 lines @.
Palpi pale yellow. Face with whitish tomentum, sides shining
black, as well as the forehead. Antennae pale fawn coloured.
Thorax (denuded) shining black, traces of whitish tomentum, a
fawn-colcured spot at base of wings. Abdomen shining (denuded),
rather narrow and elongated ; the three first segments dark fawn
coloured, with a dorsal brown stripe; the four others black with
fawn-coloured segmentations ; under side black with grey tomentum
and fawn-coloured segmentations. Legs fawn coloured ; posterior
femora blackish. Wings a little yellowish, at base and on outer
border yellow ; neuration normal.

From the Philippines. M. Bigot. Macquart, Dipt. exot.

Suppl. iv; p- 339.
Subfamily PANGONINAE.

Hind tibiae with spurs. Ocelli usually present.

The following table is drawn up for those genera only which
are represented in the Oriental Region :—

1. Third joint of antennae with eight or at least seven divi-

sions. Proboscis usually prolonged .. Oe

Third joint of antennae with five divisions. Proboscis
short BP eZ bis phe

2. Proboscis long. First posterior cell of wing open. Eyes
hairy ae : Diatomincura, Rond.

Eyes bare ys Subgenus Corizoneura, Rond.

3. First and second joints of antennae short sine

First and second joints of antennae jong oe -Bh7,

IQLI. | G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 365

4. Face concave in the middle oF aa Wied.
Face not concave in the middle : 5

5. Third joint of antennae with an acute spine on the first
annulation sed .. Gastroxides, Saunders.

Third joint of antennae simple 6

6. Second joint of antennae shorter than the first joint.
Wings usually hyaline Pi Silvius, Meigen.

7. Second joint of antennae as long or nearly as long as the
first joint. Wings usually with a black or brown
design re 2 Chrysops, Meigen.

The genus Mycteromyia, Philippi, is not included in the table
owing to the uncertainty of the genus and of the one species re-
corded from India.

PANGONIA, Latreille.

This genus was subdivided by Rondani into four genera:
Pangonia and Evephopsis with the first posterior cell closed, Dza-
tomineura and Corizoneura with it open. The only genus as yet
represented in the Oriental Region is Corizoneura with two species,
not including the doubtful Pangonia amboinensis, Fabr.

Corizoneura longirostris, Hardwicke.

Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xiv, p. 135, pl. vi, fig. 5—6 (1823)
(Pangonia) ; Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins., ii, p. 621 (1830) (Pangonza) ;
Gay in Griffith’s Cuvier Anim. King., xv, pl. cxiv, fig. 3 (1832)
(Pangoma); Macq., Ann. Soc Entom. France, vi, p. 429, pl. xv,
figs. 20—23 (1837) (Pangonia); Roder, Stett. Entom. Zeitg.,
xlii, p. 384 (1881) (Pangonta); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7), v, pp. 167 and 168 (1900).

Pangoma with yellow hairs, thorax ferruginous, abdomen
black-brown ; margins of segments yellow, wings unspotted (pl.
vi, figs. 5 and 6). Rostrum about twelve times longer than the
head. Antennae approximated at the base, short, consisting of
three pieces, the two lowest of which are very small, the upper
one long, tapering to a point, and composed of eight small articu-
lations. Eyes large, very prominent. Head and thorax very hairy
both above and beneath, longer under the throat ; of a bright yellow
beneath, brownish above. Wings longer than the abdomen, hya-
line ; costal nerves brown. Body black ; the margins of each seg-
ment shining, the sides hairy. Halteres short, having the shafts
yellow and the knobs ovate, black. Length of the insect from the
base of the rostrum to the apex of the abdomen ten lines; and of
the rostrum two inches anda half. Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, xiv, p. 135. Hardwicke’s figure of wing has the first
posterior cell very narrow, but not quite closed at border.

Gay, in Griffith’s Cuvier Anim. Kingdom, xv, p. 696, pl.
cxiv, fig. 3, gives in the figure of P. longirostris the wing with the

366 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOLE AINE

first posterior cell closed and the proboscis nearly three times the
length of the body.

Macquart in Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vi, p. 429, only refers
to the species ina general article on the genus Pangonza.

Roder, after some remarks on the descriptions given by other
authors, more especially by Wiedemann who probably did not
know this species, adds, from a specimen he had from Allahabad,
the following particulars :—

The two first antennal joints are brownish black the third
quite black. The two first furnished on the upper and lower sides
with long black hairs. The long face is covered with yellow tomen |
tum. Palpi yellow. Ocelli absent. The very long proboscis black,
but not two and a half inches long as Wiedemann gives, but only
Ir inch 7 lines; my specimen is only g lines long. The beard on
cheeks and chin is long, yellow, but the forehead clothed with short
black hairs. The thorax has a brown ground colour, covered with
longer pale brown hairs, which are quite pale yellow on the lateral
borders and breast sides, so that two paler stripes thus appear on
the side borders. The scutellum is brown like the thorax and
with the same pubescence. The abdomen is reddish at the sides,
dark brown in the middle, the pubescence is more golden yellow.
Under side of abdomen yellow, becoming brownish towards the
apex. ‘The legs are wholly yellow. The first two joints of fore
tarsi are wider in a peculiar form, the tarsal joints of the fore legs
increasing in length.

On the two hind pair the metatarsus is longer than the other
tarsal joints together, the legs have only very sparse yellow
pubescence. Wings tinged yellowish, the upper fork of the third
vein with an appendix. ‘The first posterior cell is rather narrower
at its apex. Wings longer than the body. Halteres not so short
as Wiedemann gives, with apale stalk and browner head. Rodder,
Stett. Entom. Zeitg., xlii, p. 384.

The males have the prolongation on fore tarsi as in some
African species. R6der mentions it. One or two of the females
have long bristles on these joints. The first posterior cell is closed
in some of the females with a short petiole. Two males, one of
which was wrongly labelled ‘‘ amboinensis, Fabr.,’’ seem a variety
of this species, having no prolongation on the fore tarsi; the
third joint of antennae is bright red, not black. The yellow
colour on the abdomen is more prominent; the face is shining and
dark, with hardly any greyish pubescence.

Hab.—North-West India; Muktesar, North-West Provinces
(Lingard); Thibet (Landor). Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),
Vv, p. 168 (1900).

This species is easily recognized by the very long proboscis,
the first posterior cell of wing is usually open, though it varies
in degree, often being so very narrow that it appears closed at the
border, but is never pedunculated. The males mentioned above
as differing slightly from the typical form will belong to the sub-
species given below.

IQII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 3607

Corizoneura longirostris, Fabr., subsp. varipes, subsp. nov.

The males with no prolongation on the first two joints of fore
tarsi and the females with these joints not at all prolonged cup-like
appear to be a distinct subspecies of C. dongirostris distinguished
by the plain fore tarsi and also by the bright reddish third an-
tennal joint, the first two joints being reddish grey with black
hairs, by the shining reddish brown face, no grey or yellow tomen-
tum covering it, and by the abdomen being usually more largely
reddish yellow, the first three segments being almost wholly so,
with only median blackish spots, the remaining segments blackish
with reddish segmentations covered with short yellow hairs.

Male specimens of this subspecies in Brit. Mus. coll. from
Nepal (Hardwicke bequest); and from Darjiling (G. C. Champion,
1895).

In Indian Museum from Sikhim; Trivandrum, Travancore ;
Sadiya, Assam; Margherita, Assam ; Himalayas.

Corizoneura taprobanes, 2, Walker.

List Dipt. v, Suppl. i, p. 324 (1854) [ Pangonia].

Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), v, p. 167 (1900) ; Pan
goma rufa, @ , Macq., Dipt. exot. Suppl. iv, p. 322 (1850), nomen
bis lectum.

I believe the type of tapvobanes is the same as the species
described by Macquart as P. rufa, but I have not seen this last
type. The species belongs to the subgenus Corizoneura probably,
though Macquart describes his type as having the first posterior cell
closed ; in most of the specimens I have seen it is open, varying
in width, but in two specimens it is so narrow that it might almost
be called closed. Walker’s name must take precedence as Mac-
quart. described another P. vufa from Peru in 1838.

In Brit. Mus. coll. the Walker type 2 from Ceylon (Temple-
ton); others from Karwar, N. Canara, India (Bell) ; Bangalore ;
Nilghiri Hills, 6,000 feet (Hampson); Periyakulam, Kandy and
Trincomalee (where it is stated to be very common), Ceylon
(Yerbury).

In Indian Museum specimens from Bangalore (common),
Arnadi, Melghat, Berar, 1,800 feet (I. H. Burkill) (1908),

Thorax black, with red pubescence. Abdomen red with dor-
sal black spots. Eyes naked. Antennae and legs red. Wings
with the second submarginal cell appendiculated.

Length 6 lines @ , proboscis as long as the body. Palpi brown.
Beard yellow. Face black, with some grey tomentum. Forehead
black, sides with yellowish tomentum ; ocelli present. Antennae
alight fawn colour. Thorax with indistinct bands. Abdomen
fawn coloured ; the first four segments with transverse black spots ;
the three last with black bands on the anterior borders ; segmenta-
tions yellow ; under side wholly of a testaceous fawn colour. Legs
fawn coloured ; coxae brown. Wings reddish, second submarginal
cell with a long appendix ; the first posterior closed.

368 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.TEV?

From Bombay..:;M. Fontanier. Museum. Macq., Dipt. exot.
Suppl. iv, p. 322.

A species with a comparatively short proboscis, about the
length of the whole insect, with a reddish yellow abdomen marked
with median black spots and white or yellowish segmentations on
the apical segments. Thorax blackish with two well-marked
stripes. Antennae and legs reddish yellow. Palpi-with the second
joint shorter than the first (female). Length (without proboscis)
males 14—17 mm., females 13—18 mm.

a. Face black, protuberant, covered more or less with greyish
tomentum, cheeks black but densely covered with greyish yellow
tomentum and with yellow hairs. Palp: brown, the second joint
nearly as long as the first joint, slightly pointed, with short black
hairs, first joint with some longer yellow hairs at its base. Beard
pale yellowish or white. Antennae bright reddish yellow, the first
two joints dull yellowish grey, with some long yellow hairs, the
third joint bare. Forehead covered with yellowish grey tomentum
and with pale pubescence. Eyes not quite contiguous. Tvorax
blackish brown with yellowish sides and two yellowish grey tomen-
tose narrow stripes, these and the whole dorsum with fairly thick
yellow pubescence, sides and breast with yellowish pubescence.
Scutellum blackish brown with a yellowish grey tomentose outer bor-
der and with yellow pubescence. Abdomen pale reddish yellow, the
first segment with a median black spot which extends anteriorly to
the sides, the second and third with broad transverse black marks,
the fourth with a narrower one, the last two almost wholly black,
with whitish grey or yellowish segmentations, on the second and
third these are slightly indicated on the centre, all segmentations
with yellow hairs, which are white on the last two or three, some
scanty black pubescence appears even on the yellow parts and also
on the black parts ; under side paler, only blackish at extreme apex,
segmentations with white hairs. Legs light reddish yellow, coxae
black, posterior tibiae and all tarsi at apex brownish, pubescence
on femora yellowish, elsewhere chiefly black. Wings hyaline, fore
border pale yellowish, veins brown, first posterior cell open.

2. Palpi brown, the first joint long, narrow, about one and a
half times as long as the second joint, which is slightly incrassate
and awl-shaped. Forehead almost twice as broad anteriorly as it
is at vertex, covered with yellowish grey tomentum and with two
distinct brown stripes which start from vertex and reach more
than half-way towards .antennae, pubescence anteriorly black,
posteriorly yellow.

The species is at once distinguished from C. longirostris,
Hardw., by the shorter proboscis which is rarely longer than the
body.

Pangonia amboinensis, Fabr.
Syst. Antl., p. g1 (1805); Latr., Encyclop. Method., viii, p. 704

(ré1n) Wied. Dipt:.exot.,1,"9:53 (182n);eteAuss:: zwetd diss aie
p. 92 (1828) ; Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), p. 167 (1900).

IQrI. | G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 369

Thorax with indistinct stripes ; abdomen above brown; mar-
gins of segments testaceous, white below. Head with ashy grey
pubescence, antennae ferruginous and at apex brown. Thorax
brown with white indistinct stripes. Abdomen brown above, the
segmentations testaceous. Body below pale. Legs testaceous.
Fabr., Syst. Antl., p. or.

Head with ashy grey hairs, its vertex is blackish. Antennae
are fawn coloured. ‘Thorax is blackish almost striped with white.
Abdomen blackish above, the borders of segments of a yellowish
fawn colour, under side of abdomen pale. Legs of a yellowish fawn
colour. The insect was brought from Amboina by M. Labillardiere.
Latr., Encyclop. Méthod., viii, p. 704.

Brown ; thorax with white stripes; abdomen with side spots
and segmentations ferruginous; under side pale red (or chamois
leather coloured). Six lines 9. From Amboina.

Antennae and palpi rusty yellow. Face chamois leather col-
oured. Beard whitish. Thorax with yellow pubescence ; breast
sides mouldy grey coloured. The side spots of abdomen are situa-
ted on the first three segments ; on the others the side borders are
also rusty brown; segmentations with yellow little hairs. Wings
brownish grey. In Fabricius’s coll. Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins., 1,
p- 92.

This species may possibly be the same as Corizoneura rufa or
Corizoneura longivostris, subsp. varipes, but as no mention is made
of the length of the proboscis nor of the first posterior cell of wing
it is impossible to decide without seeing the type or specimens
from further east ; I have seen no specimens of the genus beyond
Malaysia.

RHINOMYZA, Wied.
Rhinomyza fusca, ? , Wiedemann.

Nova Dipt. Gen., 8 (1820) ; 7d., Dipt. exot. 1, 59 (1821); St.
Farg. et Serv., Encyclop. Méthod., x, 544 (1825); Wied., Auss.
zweifl. Ins., i, 104, pl. i, fig. 3 (1828); Jensen, Bullet. Soc. Imp.
Nat. Moscow, iv, 323 (1832) ; Macq., Suites a Buffon, 1, 196 (1834) ;
Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii, 289 (1901).

Brown; base and middle of abdomen rusty yellow; wings
brown with two yellow spots, 6 lines @. From Java. Wiedemann,
Nova Dipt. Gen., p.8. Antennae black; a tooth-like prolonga-
tion at the base of the last joint ; face yellowish brown, concave.
Thorax slightly shining, brown with brown down ; sides of breast
with a yellow spot. First segment of abdomen rusty yellow, in
the middle a little brownish, the second dull brown narrowly
whitish at the base, third and fourth rusty yellow in the middle,
brown at the sides and on posterior borders, the others brownish
black. Wings at extreme base and a median and smaller apical
spot yellowish. Pleurae blackish brown with brown fringes of
hair. Halteres brownish with yellow club. Legs blackish brown.
In Westermann’s collection. Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins., 1, p. 104.

370 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL.? IV:,

The other references are merely copies of the original descrip-
tions, the insect apparently not being known to the authors. It
is unknown to me.

GASTROXIDES, Saunders.

Trans. Entom. Soc. London, iii, p. 59 (1841).

Ditylomyia, Bigot, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), xi, p. 305 (1859).

This last genus was formed for one species from Ceylon, which,
however, on examination proves to be a specimen of Gastvoxides,
Saunders, a genus in the division Pangoninae : see Ricardo, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), vill, pp-2280,; 207.1 (TOOT), .(G carcnn aee
Saunders, /c., pl. v, fig.4; @, Saunders, /.c., etc., should read
thus, not as printed on page 208.)

Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xiv, p. 372.

Gastroxides ater, 7 2 , Saunders.
(Plate xvi, fig. 9.)

‘rans;Mnt., Soc. Loudon; iit, p,, 50.) spl. wv, fA pe See Losey
et iv, p. 23, pl. xiv, fig. 3, # (1847); Loew, Dipt. Stidafrik., p. 15
(1860); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii, p. 298 (1901) ;
et.(7); xiv; p. 372 (1904).

Head transverse, with three ocelli placed in an equilateral
triangle on vertex ; proboscis straight, inclined downwards, about
as long as the head. Antennae rather longer than the head, three-
jointed : first joint cylindrical, twice as long as the second, which
is longer than broad; third joint a little longer than the two first,
with four distinct rings dividing the joint into five divisions, the
first of which is as long as the four following, and produced at the
bases on the superior part into an acute spine pointing forwards,
the four last divisions equal in length. Thorax oval, rather
broader than the head. Abdomen seven-jointed, ovato-conical,
terminating in an acute point. Legs long and slender.

@. Coal-black, hairy; the wings of a black-brown, with a
yellowish irregularly oval spot crossing the middle of the disk,
and a smaller spot of the same nature towards the apex. Expan-
sion I inch, length 4 inch. From Central India. In my own col-
lection.

Obs.—This genus approaches nearest to Tabanus but differs
in having ocelli, in the antennae, and in the shape of abdomen. Its
approach to other genera of the family ‘Tabanidae is also evident,
but it differs from all the genera I am acquainted with, and there-
fore I have made it the type of a new sub-genus under the name
of Gastroxides, in allusion to the shape of the abdomen, which is
unusual in the family to which the insect belongs. Saunders, Trans.
Ent. Soc. London, iii, p. 59.

@. Differs from the female in having the second joint of the
abdomen rufous, and the eyes large and contiguous vertically.

IQII. | G. Ricardo: The Oriental Tabantdae. 371

Head broader than the thorax, semicircular. Face yellowish
brown, with a large, elevated, shining chestnut-brown tubercle in
the centre, extending from the mouth to the base of the antennae.
Region of the mouth black, hairy. Pvroboscis about the length of
the head. Eyes dark rufous brown, large and meeting on the
vertex. Antennae black, rather more slender than in the female,
and having the spine at the base of the terminal joint not so prom-
inent. Thorax orbicular, black, hairy. Wings marked as in the
female. Abdomen black, with the posterior margin of the first
joint, the whole of the second joint, and the anterior margin of
the third joint, bright rufous. Legs black.

Length 4 inch, expansion of wings I inch. From Northern
India. In the collection of Col. Hearsey. Saunders, /. c., iv,
pe2ss. pls xiv; fig.3:

One male from Barrackpore, Calcutta (Rothney), 82, 15; one
male from India (Saunders coll.), 54, 13; one female from Bengal
(Campbell), 42, 25 ; one male (Saunders coll.), 68, 4.

Saunders described and figured both the sexes ; the male type
he mentions as belonging to a Colonel Hearsey, so that it seems
probable that the Museum does not possess the male type, and
certainly not the female type. There are said to be three speci-
mens labelled Saunders coll. in the Oxford Museum, which may
perhaps include the types. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii,
p. 298.

This species is easily distinguished by the presence of a pro-
longation on the third joint of antennae at base. The male is
black, with basal segments of abdomen bright rufous, the female
wholly black, both with plackish brown wings in which two pale
spots are very distinct, the lower one situated at base of second
submarginal cell, extending across the apex of the first basal cell
and base of first posterior cell, occupying the basal half of discal
cell, and the apex of second basal cell and bases of fourth and
fifth posterior cells; the upper one is on the second submarginal
cell round the base of fork of third longitudinal vein extending
into the first posterior cell. ‘There are two females in the Indian
Museum from Calcutta and locality not specified.

Gastroxides ornatus, 2, Bigot.

Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2), xi, p. 305 (1859). [Dutylomyza.]

Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xiv, p. 372 (1904).

The type, by the markings of the wings and the general shape
of the abdomen, bears a general resemblance to Gastroxides ater
(Saunders), the only heretofore known species of the genus. Bigot
mentions the presence of ocelli, but did not note the spines on the
hind tibiae, these two characters dividing the division Pangoninae
from Tabaninae. ‘The antennae have only five rings on the third
joint, not eight or nine as he supposes. In the shape of the head,
the insertion of the antennae, and the presence of the tubercles on
the forehead it resembles G. ater, but is larger and of different
colouring.

372 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

Black, with lighter hind borders to the segments of. the
abdomen.

Face blackish, with grey tomentum, the tumid triangular pro-
~ jection in the middle shining red-brown ; the palpi large, flat, as long
as the proboscis, dark brown with black hairs. Forehead black,
shining, with two prominent tubercles, one situated near the an-
tennae, the other about in the middle of the forehead, neither
reaching the sides ; vertex reddish ; the yellow ocelli are placed on
a brownish, not very prominent tubercle bordered with grey which
is continued along the sides of the forehead. Antennae longer
than the head, red-brown, the long spine or tooth brighter red ;
the first joint stout, long, the second only half as long, both with
black pubescence ; the third joint twice as long as the first, its first
ring as long as the remaining four together, stout, bearing the long
spine at its base, the second ring is the smallest, the third and
fourth about equal, the fifth as long as the last two together. The
hairs below the head are blackish. Thorax reddish brown, with
indistinct grey tomentum and two yellowish stripes; the scutellum
yellowish red ; the breast reddish, with brown tomentum and black
pubescence. Abdomen black, long and pointed; the second seg-
ment widest, the first and third with yellow, the second and
fourth with grey hind borders, the remaining segments black with
some red on the sides; under side black. Legs reddish brown with
black pubescence, the fore femora stout. Wangs dark brown with
clear base; a clear band in the middle crossing the base of the
discal cell and extending to the fifth posterior cell, another on the
apex crossing the fork of the third longitudinal vein ; there is also
a clear space in the anal cell, and the axillary part of the wing is
clear.

Length 18 mm.

Through the kindness of Mr. Verrall this species is now placed
in the British Museum collection with the species for which the
genus Gastroxtdes was formed. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),
Live pa 372.

a”. A male in the Indian Museum coll. from Colombo, and
another in the Brit. Mus. coll. from Henaratgoda, Ceylon (Yerbury),
are apparently males of this species, though the antennal third
joint in both is wanting The colouring of abdomen is different
from that of the female, being reddish with black spots, only black
at the apex. Face with the same tumid red-brown shining middle,
not so protuberant however and confined to middle of face; the
palpi shorter than proboscis, club-shaped. Frontal triangle red-
dish. yes with the large facettes reaching the base of antennae,
bordered posteriorly by a narrow band of the small facettes.
Thorax and scutellum reddish brown, the latter more red on its
posterior border, sides of thorax with black hairs. Abdomen
reddish, shining, on the first three segments, with a median black
spot on each, the second segment narrowly black at sides, the
third segment with a black spot at each side, the fourth segment
black, dull yellow on its posterior border, the remaining ones

IgII.] G. Ricardo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 373

black, sides with black hairs; under side red on basal segments,
then deep black, the abdomen has a flat appearance with a pointed
apex. Legs reddish brown, the femora darker. Wings as in
female. Tength 16 mm.

MYCTEROMYIA, Philippi.

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 712 (1865).

This genus was established by the author for Pangonia conica,
Bigot, from Chili, and Bigot later added other species from Bra-
zil, Cape of Good Hope and one from India. Philippi gives the
chief characteristics as: Head narrower than thorax, elongated
in front. Eyes naked. Ocelli present. Antennal joints rather
longer and narrower than in Panegonia, Palpi biarticulate, the
first joint short, the second elongated, compressed, narrow, the
apex rounded. Legsslender. Wings with first posterior cell closed.
Dr. Lutz in Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. x, 4, p. 62, 5 (1909), remarks
that the genus can only be retained for the Chilian species with
naked eyes, the four Brazilian species described by Bigot having
eyes distinctly pubescent. The description of the Indian species
is too short and inconplete to enable anyone to judge to what
genus it belongs, and I have seen no specimen from India at all
resembling the original description.

Mycteromyia nigrifacies, ? , Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 607 (1892); Ricardo, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), v, p. 99 (1900).

@. Length 20 mm. (without proboscis).

Proboscis and antennae (incomplete) black ; palpi black; fore-
head dull black, face shining black, beard greyish white: thorax
and scutellum dull black; abdomen shining black; squamae and
halteres black; legs black; wings blackish, no appendix to the
fork of third vein. India. One specimen. Bigot, Mem. Soc.
Zool. France, v, p. 607.

SILVIUS, Meigen.

Syst. Beschreib., ii, p. 27 (1820).

Ectenopsis, Macq., Dipt. exot. i, p. 115 (1838).

Mesomyia, Macq., Dipt. exot. Suppl. iv, p. 341 (1850).

Veprius, Rondani, Archiv. per la Zool. Modena, iii, p. 83
(1863).

This genus, characterized by the short first and second joints
of antennae, the second one shorter than the first, and by the
usually hyaline wings, has not hitherto been represented in the
Oriental Region, but a female specimen in the Indian Museum
from Bhura, Naini Tal district, United Provinces, India, is no
doubt a species of Szlvius not unlike in general appearance to the
European species Silvius vituli, Fabr., but distinct.

374 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor

Silvius indianus, 2 , n. sp.

A small reddish yellow species, antennae and face, frontal
callus, palpi and legs yellowish. Wings hyaline, with the fore
border narrowly dark brown. Length 9 mm.

Face greyish yellow, convex in the middle, the sides of this
middle part are shining reddish yellow with a greyish yellow
rather tomentose median stripe, foveae on cheeks distinct, lower
part of face with short white pubescence, some black hairs near the
eyes. Proboscis short. Palpfz reddish yellow, the first joint short,
the second about four times as long, slightly curved, flat, ending
in a point, with some very short black pubescence. Antennae red-
dish yellow, the first two joints yellowish with black pubescence ,the
first joint twice as long as the second one, the third long and slen-
der, very slightly wider at base, blackish on the last four annu-
lations. Forehead greyish yellow, the frontal callus shining red-
dish yellow, heart-shaped, not reaching the eyes, ocelli at vertex
placed on a blackish spot. Thorax blackish but densely covered
with greyish yellow tomentum and pubescence, appearing yellowish.
Scutellum identical. Abdomen more reddish yellow, with a
median short black stripe on the first two segments reaching to
the third segment, pubescence chiefly consists of very short black
hairs ; under side the same. Legs reddish yellow, the apex of fore
tibiae and all tarsi blackish. Wangs hyaline, the costal cell wholly
yellowish brown, the marginal cell the same at its base with a slight
shading at its apex on fore border, the stigma large, dark brown,
the first longitudinal vein thickened, dark brown, the others pale
yellow, all cells open except the apical cell, appendix hardly visible.

CHRYSOPS, Meigen.

Nouvelle Classification, p. 23 (1800); Illiger’s Magazine, ii,
p. 267 (1803).

The species of this genus of the subfamily Pangoninae are
easily recognized by the wings being usually ornamented with a
dark median cross-band, by the shining black tubercles on the face
and forehead, with three ocelli on the vertex, and by the long
antennae, the second joint usually as long or nearly as long as the
first joint. ‘The species are small in size and are not very numer-
ous; in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 372 (1902), I brought
the number up to 20, now reduced by discovery of further syno-
nyms to 16 with 1 new species described, making the total 17. The
following is a list of all the described species and synonyms :—

Curyvysops alter, Rondani.
bifasciata, Macquart = dispar, Fabr.
cincta, Bigot.
clavicrus, Thomson ? = cincta Bigot.
designata, sp. n.
dispar, Fabricius.

IgII.|

|S)

G. Rrcarbo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 375

fasciata, Wiedemann.
fixissima, Walker.
flaviventris, Macquart.
flavocincta, Ricardo.
impar, Rondani= dispar,
indiana, Ricardo.

Fabricius.

tranensts, Bigot = mlokosiewiczi, Bigot.
“igata, Walker = dispar, Fabricius.
lunata, Grey (Haematopota) = dispar, Fabricius.

manilensis, Schiner.

mlokosiewiczi, Bigot.
pellucidus, Fabricius.
rufitarsis, Macquart.

semucirycula, Walker = dispar,

signifer, Walker.
sinensis, Walker.
stimulans, Walker.

Fabricius.

striata, V. d. Wulp (nomen bis lectum) = mloko-

siewiczi, Bigot.

ternunalis, Walker = dispar, Fabricius.

translucens, Macquart.

unizonata, Rondani = fixissima, Walker.

Table of spectes.

Wings with a dark transverse
band and an apical spot

Wings with a dark transverse
band but no apical spot

Wings with a hyaline sinus on
the posterior part of the band,
in the fifth posterior cell

Wings with no hyaline sinus on
the posterior part of the band,
in the fifth posterior cell

Abdomen blackish, yellow at
apex, with grey bands on the
first two segments and a grey
median stripe oe

Abdomen yellowish with black
stripes

Abdomen black, w hitish or yellow:
ish at base

Discal cell hyaline. "Abdomen
with four long black stripes

Discal cell not hyaline

Abdomen with a short black bifid
stripe on the second segment,

often extending to the third or

fourth segment

age

mantlensis, Schiner.

ue i

mlokosiewic2, Bigot.

dispar, Fabr.

376

Io.

Records of the Indian Museum.

Abdomen with a bifid stripe on
the second segment and a net-
work of black markings on the
third segment, leaving only
three yellow spots free

Abdomen whitish on the first four
segments, apex black

Abdomen black, the first two
segments largely yellow, the
second and third segments
with small median yellow
spots. Face yellowish. Apical
border of band of wing Tope
concave

Abdomen black, the second see
ment yellowish on fore border.
Face blackish. Apical border
of band of wing straight :

Small species, abdomen blackish,
the first two segments yellow
anteriorly. Face black

Large robust species. Abdo-
men blackish with paler me-
dian spots, largely yellow on
the basal segments. Face
yellowish. Apical border of
wing irregular

Wings with a clear spot in the
discal cell, first joint of an-
tennae slightly incrassate.
Abdomen blackish with pale
spots

Wings with no clear spot in dis-
cal cell

Band of wing broad throughout.
Abdomen yellow with a black
bifid stripe in the second seg-
ment

Abdomen yellowish yin a Black
band in the middle ‘

Abdomen yellowish with ‘ee
distinct black bands

Abdomen with blackish legs and
PACE i.

Abdomen with yellowish roam
legs and face By

Abdomen with the black bands
narrow : aie

Abdomen darker, the black
bands broader

designata, n. sp.

vufitarsis, Macq.

tvanslucens, Macq.

pellucida, Fabr.

altey, Rondani,.

sinensis, Walker.

stimulans, Walker.

indiana, Ricardo.

fasciata, Wied.
fixissima, Walker.
signifer, Walker.

ctncta, Bigot.

[Vox: IV,

(oa)

IQII.] G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 377

11. Abdomen black with a yellowish
band on the second segment.
Small species ve .. flavocincta, Ricardo.

Norr.—Chrysops flaviventris, Macquart, is not included owing
to the insufficient description. The only species of Chrysops recor-
ded from New Guinea is Chrysops albicinctus, V.d, Wulp (Tijd.
Ent. xi, p. 103,1868), which Osten Sacken in Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova. xvi, p. 418 (1882), remarks may be the same as C. pellu-
cida, Fabr., but if V d. Wulp’s figure of the wing is correct it is
quite distinct from any species of the Oriental Region, the whole
apex of the wing being brownish grey, bearing between it and the
transverse dark band a hyaline streak.

Chrysops manilensis, ¢? , Schiner.

Reise Novara Diptera, p. 104 (1868); Ricardo, Ann. Mag.
Nat . Hist. (7), ix, p- 373 (1902).

Thorax and scutellum black, with slaty grey tomentum, the
former with two other indistinct contiguous pale grey stripes and
on each side a rusty yellow spot; in front of the scutellum
appears a conspicuous band of golden yellow hairs; similar hairs
appear on the rusty yellow spots (perhaps in well-preserved speci-
mens they are spread over the whole thorax). Breast sides blackish,
a yellow callus beneath the base of wings. Abdomen black with
an oblique grey band at the bases of the first two segments,
the second and third segments with a similar coloured median line,
the following segments rusty yellow, the under side chiefly yellow on
the middle, blackish at the base and apex (‘‘ mitte’’ is given in
the original, probably an error). The abdomen is somewhat com-
pressed in both specimens, it may therefore be somewhat different
in design in well-preserved specimens. Head black, the face with
golden yellow pubescence on each side and in the middle, so that
the shining black tubercle takes the shape of a Latin V. Forehead
with yellowish grey tomentum, with a large convex shining black
callus above the antennae, impressed in the middle, and a shining
black spot at vertex. Antennae unusually long and very slender,
the joints almost equal in length, the two basal joints yellowish,
the third brown. Palpi bright red-yellow. Legs red-yellow, the
femora at their extreme bases, and the posterior ones almost
wholly, brown. ‘Tarsi blackish on the last joints. Fore tibiae a
little curved. Wings hyaline, the fore border and a median band
pale brown, the outer border of the latter concave, posteriorly
with a bluntly triangular hyaline incision. The lower margin of
the brown fore border is paler on the other side of the median
band. ‘Two females from Manila. Length 3 lines.

The species could only be compared with Chrysops bifascratus ,

Maeq., but this species has a reddish yellow scutellum and the
markings of the under side of abdomen are different; there can be

378 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

no question of its identity with Chrysops costatus, W., which Walker
takes to be identical with Chrysops bifasciatus, Macq. Chrysobs
costatus is distinguished from both species by the wholly grey
apex of wing. ‘Till now no species of Chrysops has been known
from Manila, and in general few from the continents lying to our
east. Schiner, Reise Novara Diptera, p. 104.

The allusion to Walker’s identification of Chrysops costatus
with the Macquart species is to be found in List Dipt. Brit. Mus.
v, suppl. i, p. 288, and may be disregarded; Chrysops costatus
is a South American species. As I believe Chrysops bifasciatus,
Macq., to be a synonym of Chrysops dispar, Fabr., this species is
probably identical in the wing-markings with this latter, but can
hardly be the same, judging from Schiner’s description of the
abdomen. ‘The species is unknown to me.

Chrysops mlokosiewiczi, 2 , Bigot.

Ann. Soc. Entom. France (5), x, p._146 (1880); Ricardo,
Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 378 (1902).

Chrysops striatus, 2 , V. d. Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum, vii,
p-.79 (1885).

Chrysops ivanensis, 2, Bigot, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v,
p. 602 (1891).

Thorax ashy grey with three brown stripes: abdomen
ochraceous with four black stripes, head yellowish with a shining
black frontal callus, the facial calli shining testaceous ; antennae,
palpi and legs red; apex of antennae black ; wings hyaline; with
the base, the costal border to the apex, and the median band
which does not reach the posterior border, brown. @?. Length
6 mm.

Antennae one and a half as long as the head, almost bare,
reddish yellow, black towards the end; second joint shorter than
the first ; the third one about as long as the other two together.
Front with yellowish grey dust ; the ocellar triangle darker ; above
the antennae a large, shining black knob; face rather prominent
on account of the two large knobs, which are testaceous, very
shining and coherent ; cheeks with yellowish grey dust. Rostrum
fuscous ; palpi reddish yellow. ‘Thorax yellowish cinereous, with
three very distinct fuscous stripes ; scutellum coloured like the
thorax. Abdomen ochraceous, with two black longitudinal bands,
which are interrupted at the segmentations, and moreover with a
less distinct lateral row of blackish spots; under surface of the
abdomen uniform ochraceous, darker towards the end. Legs
reddish yellow; posterior coxae cinereous; tarsi brown; the
tibiae not dilated. Halteres yellowish brown. Wings hyaline,
the base, the costal border and the usual cross-band brown; the
latter extends tili half the breadth of the wing, surrounds the
discal cell, the centre of which remains hyaline, and goes along

TOTTI. | G. Ricardo: The Onental Tabanidae. 379

the posterior cross-vein and the apical portion of the postical
vein. A female specimen from Amoy, China (Buddingh). V. d.
Wulp, Notes Leyden Museum, vii, p. 70.

In Brit. Mus. coll a male and female from Tygosan, Chusan
Archipelago, 1892 (Walker); and a series from Japan, 1909
(Dr. Myajima).

A well-marked species easily distinguished by the four narrow
black stripes on the yellow abdomen and _ by the cross-band of
wing not reaching beyond the fifth longitudinal vein, the posterior
cross-vein and apical portion of the sixth longitudinal vein being
shaded with brown only, the centre of the discal cell is hyaline.
The fece is covered with yellowish tomentum, the sides with shin-
ing testaceous tubercles, and the centre of face over the oral
opening is the same colour; a transverse black shining spot is
present on the lower part of each cheek, not attaining the oral
opening. Forehead with greyish tomentum, darker at vertex, the
frontal callus convex, black and shining, not reaching the eyes.
Under side of abdomen often with medium black markings besides
being darker at the apex. Length of specimens 8-10 mm.

Among the types kindly lent me by Mr Verrall there is one
(? female) specimen with the head wanting, labelled as above and
from the Caucasus, but the specific name is crossed out and
““ gvanensis’’ scribbled underneath ; there is another female speci-
men only labelled ‘‘ N. Persia.’”’ Bigot described one female as
C. mlokostewiczt, from N. Persia or Caucasus, and later two
females from N. Persia as C. tvanensis; apparently he concluded
finally that all were one species, which certainly seems likely
judging from the descriptions: in this case the name mlokositewtczi
would have priority ; it seems nearly related, if not identical,
with a species described by Wulp from Amoy, China, and named by
him C. striatus. On comparison of the two specimens of his species
in the British Museum collection with the Bigot specimens, the
only difference to be seen is the colour of the tubercle above the
antennae, which is nearly wholly reddish in the specimen from
N. Persia, not shining black, as Wulp describes; they are exactly
similar in the wing; the headless specimen has the colouring of
the abdomen more greyish than ochraceous, as in C. striatus.
Considering the distance between the localities, it is perhaps pre-
ferable to keep the species apart for the present, placing, however,
the Bigot species among those of the Oriental Region. Ricardo,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 378 (1902).

There can now be little doubt that the two Bigot species are
the same as Wulp’s species ‘‘ s/vzatus,’ as in the series lately
received from Japan there is one female with the tubercle reddish
yellow. As the name striatus is preoccupied by a species so named
by Osten Sacken from N. America in 1876, the species must
henceforth be known as Chrysops n lokostewiczt, and belongs to
both the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, ranging apparently
from east to west of the Continent.

380 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor LV,

Chrysops dispar, 7 @ , Fabricius.
(Plate xv, fig. 3.)

Ent. Syst. Suppl. 567 (Tabanus) (1798); cd., Syst. Antl.,
p. 112, 5. (§805);' Wied., Dipt. exot:, “—p. 102, 1 (1624) 7d., Auss:
zweifl.” Ins:, 1, Dp. 106) (a828)%" Macq., Dipt. exot. 1 (rn) aepan los
(1838) ; 7d., Suppl. iii, p. 174 (1848); V. d. Wulp, Sumatra Exped.
Dipt., p. 19 (1881); Ost. Sack., Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xvi,
p. 418 (1882); zd., Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., xxvi, p. 97 (1882):
Réder, Ent. Nachricht, xix, p. 234 (1893); Ricardo, Ann. Mag.
Nat: Hist. (7), 1x; p: 374 (902):

Haematopota lunata, 2, Gray, in Griffith’s Cuvier Anim.
Kingdom, xv, p. 696, pl. exiv, fig. 4 (1832).

Chrysops bifasciata, 2 , Macquart, Dipt. exot. (1), 1, p- 161
(1838).

Chrysops ligatus, @ , Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, p. 195
(1848).

Chrysops semicirvculus, 2, Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i,
p. 196 (1848); Ricardo, Ann. Mag: Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 375
(1g02).

Chrysops terminalis, 9 , Walker, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus., i,
p- 195 (1848).

Chrysops tmpar, 2 , Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ Genova, vii,
p. 460 (1875).

Abdomen with the first segment pale; with a black hali-
moon, wings white: with a black band. Antennae testaceous,
the apex dark. Head below the antennae yellow with two large,
raised, ovate, testaceous spots, above the antennae pale, with a
large transverse raised black spot. Thorax ashy grey with sides
yellow. Abdomen brown with the first segment pale, the middle
half-moon-shaped spot brown. Wings white, the costal border
and wide middle band black, the latter at the margin paler with
an ovate white spot. Male with eyes joined, abdomen testaceous,
the first segment however pale with a half-moon-shaped brown
spot.

Habitat.—-E. India. Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl. 567 (Tabanus).

Abdomen with the second segment pale; with a black half-
moon. Wings white with a black band. Habitat in East India.
Babr .oyst; Ant! py rir2> 5,

Antennae ochre brownish with a blackish brown apex. Face
rusty brownish with a paler middle line; cheeks light rusty yellow
with a smooth brown spot ; forehead yellowish ; in the female with
a blackish brown transverse oval tubercle. ‘Thorax brown with two
mouldy grey stripes only separated by a brown line, with golden
yellow pubescence: breast sides brown with a golden stripe under
the base of wings. Scutellum rusty yellow. Abdomen of the male
rusty yellow, the first segment brown in the middle, the second
segment pale, with two brown spots united towards the base of the
segment in a somewhat rounded angle, not resting on the base

IgII.| G. Ricarpo : The Oriental Tabanidae. 381

itself, continued as far as the base of the third segment ; sides of
abdomen brown, in the middle of the under side of abdomen an
abbreviated brown band. Abdomen of the female more brownish,
the first segment pale, the second paler still, almost whitish anteri-
orly, the spots as in the male, but not continued to the third
segment. All segmentations broadly paler, the first brown in the
middle. Wings perfectly hyaline, on the fore border from the base
to the apex, brown, below the cross-veins at the base is a some-
what oblique small inconspicuous band; the larger band has a
deep incision on the inner border. Legs bright rusty yellow. In
Fabricius’s, Westermann’s and my own collection. Wiedemann,
Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, p. 196.

A female specimen from Java in the collection of M. Serville
differs from Wiedemanu’s description by the shining blackness of
the face, with a grey spot on each side; by the grey forehead
with two black calli, by the posterior border of thorax with
golden yellow hairs, by the black scutellum, by the fawn-coloured
legs with black coxae, and also the posterior femora. Macquart,
Dipt: exot. i (1), p. 163:

According to Wiedemann the spot or rather the brown bifid
stripe of the abdomen extends over the second and third segment
of the male, it does not extend beyond the second one in the
female. We have observed five females and two males in which
the stripe is equally present on the second and third segments.
From Java. M. Payen’s collection. Macquart, Dipt. exot. Suppl.
ili, p. 174.

Seven females from Buitenzorg, Java (1875) (Ferrari). The
identification is certain, although there are discrepancies, especi-
ally in the description of the face. Macquart notices the same
differences in Dipt. exot. i, p. 163. Osten Sacken, Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genova, xvi, p. 418. Rd6der, Ent. Nachricht, p. 234, records
the species from Ceylon.

Six females from different places (in Sumatra). The above
specimens differ from the description and from most specimens
from Java by their darker colour, especially by the black
scutellum and the black- brown posterior femora. ‘The posterior
tibiae in this species are broader in their whole length, and each
side with a short fine fringe of hairs. The face is very shining.
V.d. Wulp, Dipt. Sumatra, p. 19.

The figure of Haematopota lunata is evidently that of a
specimen of Chrysops dispar. No description is given. Chrysops
ligatus, Wik., from Bengal is only a rather pale-coloured specimen
with some lighter spaces in the wing-cells. Chrysops semicirculus,
a female in very bad condition, is, I now believe, only a poor
specimen of this species with the black markings of the abdomen
obsolete or almost so. Chrysops terminalis, W1k., is a pale-coloured
specimen with the black bifid stripe not reaching beyond the
second segment, as in Wiedemann’s original description of
Chrysops dispar. Walker identified several specimens as Wiede-
mann’s species and then described his two new species, placing

382 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

them directly after Chrysops dispar in his Catalogue, but I can
see no differences sufficiently marked to justify them being made
distinct species. Chrysops impar, Osten Sacken believed to be
the same as the Wiedemann species, after seeing the type (see
Berlin. Ent. Zeit., xxvi, p. 97), an opinion with which I agree, having
also seen the type, which has the abdomen however entirely black
after the third segment, and the frontal callus is deeply incised
posteriorly a peculiarity I have not seen in any other specimens,
but there are very few specimens in the collections I have had
access to, from Borneo, whence Rondani’s came.

The type of Chrysops bifasciata, Macquart, I have seen in the
Paris Museum and believe it to be a specimen of Chrysops dispar
though the black stripes on abdomen are of unusual length, ex-
tending to the end of the abdomen, which I have not observed in
any other specimens from India or elsewhere. Macquart’s type
is from Bengal. His description of the antennae is incorrect,
they are almost wholly yellowish, a little darker on the second
and third joints, not ‘‘ black, red at the base.”

The species varies a little, chiefly in the colour of the scutellum
which ranges from reddish to reddish brown or nearly black.
The /egs are usually testaceous or yellowish but the posterior
femora are sometimes brownish or blackish, the coxae are also
darker in some specimens ‘The forehead is greyish or yellowish.
The abdominal stripe beginning on the second segment is continued
to the base of the segment or to the base of the third and occa-
sionally reaches the fourth segment. It is an easily distinguished
species, with a yellowish abdomen, the bifid stripe always distinct,
and a dark narrow band on the posterior border of the firstsegment.
The thorax in well-preserved specimens has golden yellow pubes
cence at the sides and base. The face and cheeks yellowish
brownish in the centre with the exception of a narrow yellow line
and with two black stripe-like spots on the lower part of cheeks.
Wings with a brown fore border and transverse band, chiefly
incised on its outer border. Length from 8—11r mm.

In the British Museum are specimens from Ceylon (Yerbury,
Green) ; Nepal (Hardwicke bequest); Bangalore (Watson) ; Moul-
mein, K. India (Clark); Singapore and Penang (Ridley); Ran-
goon; Annam; Hongkong (Bowring) ; Java; Sumatra.

In Indian Museum coll. from Balighai, near Puri, Orissa;
Kulattupuzha, W. base of W. Ghats, Travancore ; Nedumangad,
to miles N. E. of Trivandrum, Travancore; Morapai, S. Bengal ;
Bukit Besar, Patani States, Siam; I have also identified speci-
mens from Formosa. On one of the specimens from Ceylon Col.
Yerbury has the following note: ‘‘ Common and generally distri-
buted. ‘Tormentscattle. The scutellum and pilose stripe on the
pleurae in life bright gamboge yellow.”

[Flies of this common species conceal themselves during the
day on the lower surface of the leaves of shrubs, becoming active
towards evening. I found thespecies exceedingly common at Bali-
shai in October.—N. ANNANDALE. |

IQII. | G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 383

Chrysops designata, @ o,sp.n.
(Plate xv slice Te)

Type female from Sarah, Nepal, 24-xi-o8, in Indian Museum
coll. and another from Yunnan, W. China; type male from Jaulasal,
Naini Tal district.

@. Abdomen yellowish, marked with black on the first
three segments, bearing only three yellow spots on the third
segment. Wings with cross-band and apical spot, the former
with a well-marked sinus on posterior border, its outer border
irregular. Antennae long, cylindrical. Length 9 mm.

Face yellowish, the facial tubercles shining, blackish brown,
reaching the oral opening but bearing a large yellow stripe in the
centre of face, lower part of cheeks black, with yellow hairs.
Palpi reddish yellow with scanty yellowish pubescence. Antennac
long, cylindrical, the first joint a little longer than the second one,
reddish yellow with black pubescence, the second and_ third
blackish, the second with black pubescence, the third joint the
longest of the three but barely as long as the first two joints
together. Forehead same colour as face with yellow pubes-
cence, the frontal callus shining, blackish brown, transverse, not
reaching the eyes, with an impressed line in the centre and slightly
produced toward the antennae, ocelli visible at vertex which
is not darker in colour. Thorax blackish brown, with a very
broad yellowish grey tomentose median stripe divided in two by
a narrow brown line, sides yellowish clothed with bright yellow
pubescence, which is also present on the dorsum as short scanty
pubescence. Scutellum yellowish grey, blackish in the centre but
probably this is due to denudation, with darker pubescence.
Abdomen yellowish, paler yellow on the first two segments, on the
following segments more reddish yellow, with the apical slightly
darker, pubescence yellowish, thick on the apical segments; the
black markings consist of a narrow band on the posterior border
of first segment widening in the centre into a broad median spot
reaching the anterior border, with concave sides, on the second
segment of the ordinary chevron-like black spots meeting on the
anterior border, with likewise a narrow band on the posterior bor-
der, on the third segment the black chevron-like spots are present
but broader, not meeting on the anterior border, the sides and pos-
terior border have black bands, so that the yellow colour remains
as three large spots, the middle one irregularly triangular, the side
ones oblong, large, on the fourth segment two small black triangular
spots with their apices pointing downwards are present on the
anterior border which is also blackish at the sides; under side
wholly yellow. Legs reddish yellow, the coxae, femora and apical
joints of tarsi blackish. Wangs hyaline with brown fore border
reaching the apex, at base extending slightly into the basal cells,
and with a brown cross-band which reaches the anal cell; the
fifth posterior cell is largely hyaline, the lower border of band
almost straight not extending into the basal cells, its upper border

384 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor IV,

irregular, produced towards the base of fork of third longitudinal
vein and again at the fourth posterior cell; the apical spot is
narrow, the same width throughout, reaching exactly to the centre
of apex of wing.

». Smaller than the female, measuring 8 mm.

Palpt blackish. First joint of antennae nearly the same
length as the second, both darker in colour. Eyes join between
the frontal triangle and the ocelligerous tubercle. Thorax with a
wide median black stripe bordered by a_ yellow stripe, black
bevond; sides yellow with a black stripe, pubescence yellow,
golden yellow on the sides. Scutellum black. Abdomen similar
to that of female with the exception of the first segment which is
wholly black, only pale yellow on the sides, the black spots on
second segment are larger and leave only a small yellow dot in
their centre, the middle yellow spot on the two following segments
is smaller ; under side yellow, black at apex. Legs black, only the
middle femora and first joint of middle and posterior tarsi pale
vellow.

Chrysops rufitarsis, ~, Macquart.

Dipt. exot Suppl. 111, p. 174 (1847) ; Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7),-1x, p. 373 (1902).

Thorax black. Abdomen white, at the base and apex black.
Wings at the base, costal border and band brown. Length 4 lines, ~.

Palpi brown. Face yellowish white with two shining black
callosities. Forehead black. Antennae slender ; first joint hairy,
dark testaceous ; the two others black. Thorax with blue reflec-
tions, a spot of yellowish white hairs in front of the wings ; scutel-
lum black. Abdomen: first segment black, yellowish white on its
posterior border, second and third the same white colour ; the
second with a small triangular spot resting on the anterior border ;
the fourth on the anterior part white, sinuous, and posteriorly
black, the fifth, sixth and seventh black ; under side as the dorsum.
Legs black ; tibiae dilated, a little rounded on the outside, the
posterior ones lightly ciliated; tarsi fawn coloured, the anterior
ones black ; the two last joints of the intermediate and posterior
pair black. Wings hyaline ; the cross-band hollowed out on its in-
terior border ; veins pale, normal. From Java. Monsieur Payen’s
collection. Macquart, Dipt. exot. Suppl. iii, p. 174.

This type is unknown to me, but there is a male from Burma
in the Brit. Mus. coll. which may perhaps belong to this species
though there is no sign of a black spot on the second segment, the
abdomen being almost silvery white or very pale yellow, black at
base and apex. ‘The colouring of the large facial tubercles is red-
dish brown, of the antennae chiefly reddish yellow, of the /egs
more reddish brown than black ; the tibiae are all incrassate. Wings
with a faint large hyaline sinus on posterior border, apical spot
reaching apex uniform in width, apical border of band slightly
concave.

IgII.| G. Ricardo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 385

Chrysops translucens, 2 , Macquart.

Dipt. exot. (I), i, p. 162 (1838); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7), ix, p. 375 (1902).

Black. Abdomen with the first and second segment white
pellucid at the base. Femora brown, red below; tarsi red. Wings
with a black band, excised on the interior border. Length 4 lines.

Palpi brownish. Face pale fawn coloured, shining ; sides and
cheeks shining black, with a spot of grey tomentum at the border
ofthe eyes. Forehead denuded, entirely shining black. Antennae:
first joint bare, pale fawn coloured, of ordinary length ; the second
bare, same length as the first, brownish fawn coloured ; the third
wanting Thorax denuded, shining black; a triangular spot of
golden yellow hairs in front of the wings. Abdomen: first seg-
ment transparent white, black on its posterior border, a little nar-
rowed in the middle, reduced to nothing on the outer borders ;
second silvery white with a large triangular black spot on the
posterior border in the middle of which is a small dorsal white
spot, transparent and triangular; the third shining black with a
small dorsal white band, following that of the second segment, the
others shining black ; under side : the first two segments transparent
white, the second black on its outer borders. Femora brown-
ish black above, posterior ones black ; tibiae brown, rather stout ;
anterior tarsi brown; base of the first joint fawn coloured, inter-
mediate and posterior ones fawn coloured ; the last joints brown.
Halteres black. Wings hyaline; the outer border narrow, reach-
ing the apex ; a little spot near the base and a cross-band brown;
this latter hollowed out in the middle of the fifth posterior cell.
From Java. Monsieur Serville’s collection. ‘This species is nearly
related to Chrysops pellucidus, Fabr. and Wied., of which perhaps
itis only a variety, but the latter differs in particular by the
antennae being 1} lines long (though the third joint is wanting in
C. translucens, they could not attain this length), by the abdomen
and by the black legs. Macquart, Dipt. exot. (1), i, p. 162.

One female from Kuala Lumpur (H. C. Pratt). Presented to
Brit. Mus. coll. by London School Tropical Medicine.

From a comparison of this specimen with the male and
female specimens of Chrysops pellucida, Fabr.,in Brit. Mus. coll. the
distinctions between the two species ¢ranslucens, Macq., and pellu-
cida, Fabr., appear well marked. The face in Chrysops translucens is
yellowish with a black spot on each side below antennae, the sides
of face bordering the median line yellowish brown shining, becom-
ing biackish over the oral opening, base of cheeks black. Forehead
black, with broad band of grey tomentum below the frontal callus,
which appears transverse, its anterior border sinuous, reaching
the eyes. Antennae yellowish, not bare, the second one browner
and the dark pubescence thicker. Abdomen distinguished at once
from the Fabrician species by the white base of the first segment,
and by the presence of the whitish or yellowish spots on second
and third segment, as described by Macquart, conspicuous in the

386 Records of the Indian Museum: [VonsIV,

middle of the black colouring. Legs brownish, the anterior femora
yellowish, the anterior tibiae curved and slightly incrassate, the
posterior ones broad, all with short fringes of black pubescence,
most conspicuous on the hind pair, tarsi pale yellowish on first
joint and at base of other joints. Wangs similar to those of Chry-
sops pellucida. Wength about 8 mm.

Chrysops pellucida, Fabr. .
(Plate xv, fig:-2:)

Syst. Antl., 113, 11 (1805) ; Wied., Dipt. exot., 107, 8 (1821) ;
id.,, Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, p. 206 (1828) ; Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7)5,1x;-p.373) 902).

Black, with the second segment of the abdomen at its base
white, pellucid. Wings white: band black. Habitat Tranquebar
(S: Eo India):

‘In size and general appearance related to Chrysops dispar, of
which itis perhaps only a variety. Antennae cylindrical, black,
almost as long as the body. Head and thorax black, unspotted.
Abdomen black, with the second segment at the base white, pel-
lucid, which colour extends to the sides. Wings white; the wide
middle cross-band black, paler at the border with a white spot.
Legs black, tibiae compressed. Fabr., Syst. Antl., p. 113.

Black, the second segment of the abdomen white pellucid ;
wings with a black band, excised on the interior margin. 3
Himes <9 +

Undoubtedly a distinct species from Chrysops dispar. An-
tennae yellowish at the base; their length hardly more than 14
lines, and therefore the Fabrician text is hardly to be understood,
unless he intended not to include the head. Head grey haired.
Calli black. Thorax black, with golden yellow haired sides;
breast sides blackish, with a golden yellow stripe under the root
of wings. The transparent white part of the second segment of
abdomen slopes downwards on both sides almost to the hind bor-
der, so that a black triangular spot remains. The outer border of
the wings black to the apex. In the legs the knees and base of tarsi
are yellowish. In the Royal Museum and also a mutilated speci-
men in the Fabrician collection. Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins., i, p. 206.

In the Indian Museum coll. there is a male from Trichinopoly,
S. E. India, which exactly fits the above description. The length
of antennae given by Fabricius as nearly equal to that of the body
must be an error.

@. Eyes brown with some blackish markings. Ocelligerous
tubercle very prominent, blackish. Frontal triangle biack covered
with grey tomentum. Jace black covered with dense grey tomen-
tum, in the middle below the antennae is a large shining black
tubercle and a small black spot on each side, the lower part of
face below also black; pubescence in lower part of face whitish.
Palpi small, blackish, with black hairs. Antennae long, slender,

IQII. | G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 387

about as long as the head and thorax together, first joint yellowish
with pale hairs, its extreme apex and the second joint are obscure
reddish with darker hairs, both joints about the same length, the
third joint a little longer and blackish. Thorax black with some
golden yellow hairs on its posterior borders, and a stripe of the
same coloured hairs running across the root of wings at sides ;
breast black with some grey tomentum. Scutellum black, shining.
Abdomen black, the second segment pellucid, whitish, on its an-
terior border, the black posterior border produced in the middle
as a triangular spot which attains the posterior border of first seg-
ment; under side yellowish on first two segments, then black.
Legs black, the first two joints and part of the third one of
middle and posterior tarsi pale yellow, all the tibiae slightly in-
crassate, pubescence black. Wings hyaline, brown at base, and
along fore border to the apex, the transverse brown band deeply
incised in posterior margin, so that the fifth posterior cell is
almost hyaline. Length 8 mm.

There is a female in the Brit. Mus. coll. from unknown local-
ity very much damaged which however is no doubt a specimen
of this species.

Chrysops alter, 2 , Rondani.

Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 44 (1875); Ricardo, Ann. Mag.
IN Peet ists (7),.1% D. 27 3( LG02):

Female length 5 mm. From Sarawak, Borneo.

Antennae with the first joint reddish, the two following
dusky black. Forehead in the middle narrowly greyish, with a
very large anterior callus which is subrotund, shining black,
taking up almost the whole width of forehead. Palpi reddish.
Face shining black, at the sides narrowly and under the antennae
pale pollinose. Thorax with scutellum black, the sides and the
pleurae under the root of the wings yellow haired. Calyptra and
halteres black. Wings with the base luteous; the costal border
brown, the apex with a paler expanded brown colour; the black-
ish band is beyond the middle of wing, posteriorly narrower.
Legs: the anterior legs blackish, with the exception of the base of
femora which are pale testaceous, the intermediate femora, the
extreme apex of tibiae and the tarsi pale testaceous, the tibiae
blackish; the posterior legs black, with a subapical ring of the
femora, the apex of the tibiae and the tarsi luteous testaceous.
Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 44.

Type 2 in Genoa Museum was seen by me. It is a small
species, the face wholly black, shining, convex, the frontal callus
black, large, reaching the eyes, a narrow grey band divides it from
the vertex. Antennae yellow. Abdomen which is in a bad state
appears black, the first segment yellow anteriorly, and the second
segment has a yellow band on its anterior border. Wings with
one band, and the apex narrowly dark.

Length 54 mm.

388 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

This species must be nearly alliea to Chrysops pellucida, with
the face black, and to Chrysops translucens, with the first segment
yellow anteriorly. Rondani omitted to describe the abdomen,
which is now hard to distinguish as to colouring.

Chrysops sinensis, 9 7, Walker.
(Plate xv, fig. 6.)

Dipt. Saund., i, p. 453 (1856); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist (7) ..15 P1772 902)-

In Brit. Mus. coll.

Type (female) labelled ‘‘China.’’ Male from Haining,
Chekiang, China, 1893 (Walker).

In Indian Museum coll. females from Hankow, China.

Specimens from Formosa were sent me some time ago by
Dr. Kertesz for identification and proved to be this species, which
is distinct from any species belonging to the Palaearctic Region
and so far has not been found north of the Oriental Region
boundary.

A large robust-looking blackish species with the first two
segments of abdomen largely yellow, and sometimes the remaining
segments appear more yellow than black, with black median
oblique spots, or the abdomen appears blackish with median grey
triangular spots. Thorax black with distinct yellowish stripes.
Wings with a cross-band and apical spot, the former irregular
on its outer border becoming narrower as it approaches the fifth
posterior cell. Face, legs and antennae yellowish. Length type
and others 10o—11 mm.

2. ace yellowish, the facial callosities reaching the oral
opening are shining, tawny, cheeks with a small black spot on
lower part near eyes and below blackish. Palpi tawny, rather
bare and shining. Antennae tawny, the third joint blackish, the
first two joints about equal in length, with very few yellowish
hairs, the first joint slightly incrassate, the third as long as the
first two joints together. Forehead covered with greyish yellow
tomentum, the frontal callus large, protuberant, transverse, not
reaching the eyes, vertex with the three ocelli blackish. Thorax
black, somewhat shining, with two well-marked median grey
tomentose stripes, sides with greyish yellow tomentum, breast
black with some grey tomentum. Scutellum black. Abdomen in
this species appears variable in colouring, in the type blackish, the
first two segments largely yellow, the second segment with only
two chevron-like black spots not quite joining above, their bases
resting on the posterior border, the remaining segments blackish
with narrow yellowish or yellowish grey borders expanding in the
middle to triangular spots, and with traces of a yellow spot on
each side of the third segment; in another specimen the yellow
colour is more greyish and on the posterior segments is more
extended leaving only black spots very similar to those in the

IQII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 389

second segment but not converging so much towards each other,
the scattered pubescence on all the specimens yellowish. Legs
reddish yellow, knees darker, base of hind femora blackish.
Wings with the usual band and apical spot; the shape of the
former is somewhat peculiar, projecting on its outer border towards,
but not attaining, the fork of the third vein; in the first posterior
cellit becomes concave, then slightly convex tillit reaches the fifth
posterior cell, where the sinus is not very marked, and follows the
fifth vein; it is narrow in width, only filling the discal cell, not
encroaching on the basal cells at all, and filling the fourth
posterior about half-way up; the basal cells have only dark shad-
ing at their extreme base; the apical spot is the same width
throughout, only crossing the anterior branch of the third vein at
its apex.

@. Similar. Eyes with the upper haif composed of larger
facets. Abdomen in one specimen has the first segment almost
entirely black, and the rest of abdomen reddish yellow with black
oblique spots on each side, surrounding the grey triangular spots.
Wings similar, centre of discal cell sometimes paler.

Chrysops stimulans, o , Walker.
(Plate xv, fig. 5.)

Dipt. Saund., i, p. 73 (1850); ¢d., List. Dipt. v, Suppl. i,
p. 265 (1854); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 376
(1902).

Type (male) from East India, Saunders coll.; two males and
one female from Pusa, Bengal, in Mr. Howlett’s coll

A small blackish species, the female lighter in colouring,
easily distinguished by the markings of the wings, having a round
clear spot in the discal cell in the middle of the dark cross-band
and a narrow apical spot in the inner border of which is a clear
small oblong spot reaching the anterior branch of the third vein.
Male with a black abdomen, marked with three spots on each of
the anterior segments, the female with the abdomen greyish and
two median united spots on the second and third segments.
Length of males 6—8 mm., female 8 mm.

@. Face covered with grey tomentum, the facial tubercles
black shining, reaching the oral opening leaving the centre of the
face with a broad grey stripe, a black, narrow spot on each lower
cheek reaching from the eyes to the oral opening, pubescence
below pale yellow. Palpfi yellowish brown with black pubes-
cence. Antennae blackish brown, the first joint slightly incrassate
with black pubescence, the second and third joints cylindrical, with
less pubescence, the first two joints are about equal in length, the
third a little longer than either. Frontal triangle grey, sub-
triangular. Eyes only meeting at one point beyond, vertex large
with the ocelli distinct. Thorax blackish with grey tomentum
Sometimes appearing as stripes and with black pubescence.

390 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

Scutellum black. Abdomen black, on the second segment appears
a large pale vellowish almost square spot and a minute triangular
greyish spot in centre on posterior border, on third and fourth
segments appear three small triangular greyish spots situated on
the posterior borders of segments; under side black with yellow
spots. Legs black, the middle tibiae yellow, black at extreme apex,
pubescence of legs black. Wungs hyaline with a dark brown
base, costal border reaching to the apex, and a median band, the
brown colouring at base extends beyond the middle of both basal
cells, leaving a narrow hyaline band between them and the cross-
band which is broad extending into the apical cell, becoming
paler in the fifth posterior cell, its upper border irregular, at the
base of branches of third vein it is produced, reaching towards the
apical spot and thus giving rise to the clear spot or incision men-
tioned above: the apical spot extends over the anterior branch of
third vein.

2. Facial black tubercles are smaller. Forehead covered
with grey tomentum, the frontal tubercle black, transverse, but
small, not reaching eyes. Thorax grey with three very distinct
black stripes. Scutellum identical. Abdomen greyish, the two
black spots uniting in centre on first and second segments well
marked, on third segment appears a zigzag black band on its
anterior border, and on following segments a small ill-defined
black spot on each side of median line; the abdomen of the only
female specimen is not in very good preservation; under side
greyish with black markings. Legs yellow, knees and tarsi black-
ish. Wangs similar to those of male.

The male from Persian Gulf mentioned in Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7), ix, p. 376, appears a different species, the abdomen
having only median grey spots ; it is probably a new species.

This Walker species bears a strong resemblance to the
Palaearctic species Chrysops punctifera, Loew, récorded from Syria,
in the wing-markings and in the abdominal markings, especially
of the male, but it is distinguished by the slightly incrassate first
joint of antennae, and larger frontal triangle in the male, and also
in the female by the more greyish colour of the abdomen.

Chrysops indiana, o 2 , Ricardo.

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 379 (1902).

One male from Nilghiri Hills, 88, 112 (Hampson).

One female from Khasi Hills district, India, 96, 135
(Chennell, 1878).

A species allied to C. dispar, Fabr., but in the wing approach-
ing C. fasciatus, Wied.; it is larger and more robust than
C. dispar, Fabr.

Yellow, with a black bifid stripe on the second segment,
enclosing a small, almost round, yellow spot, but the black does
not join on the posterior border.

IQIt. | G. Rrcarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 391

@ @ (types). Face yellow, with yellow hairs on the cen-
tral stripe and at the sides. Antennae long and slender, nearly
equal in length to the head and thorax, all the joints about equal
in length; yellow, the third joint darker, the first clothed with
long black hairs, the second with shorter ones, the third bare.
Palpi yellow. Thorax and scutellum brownish, with yellow pubes-
cence, thicker at the sides, the breast the same colour. Abdomen
light yellow, the second segment paler; the first segment with a
natrow black band on the posterior border, the second with
a black stripe which begins in the centre and then divides, send-
ing out a branch on each side reaching to the hind border, and
there extending outwards till it ends in a point; a small, yellow,
oblong spot is thus left in the middle, surrounded by the black,
excepting on its posterior border ; the black stripes are continued
very faintly on the third segment; the sides of abdomen have
short black pubescence; the under side yellow, with three faint
brown stripes on the third segment. Legs yellowish brown, with
short black pubescence; the tibiae dilated, especially the anterior
and middle pairs. Wings clear, with brown colouring at the
extreme base only filling the basal cells one-third of their length,
continued along the fore border to the apex, and as a transverse
band which attains the posterior border just contiguous to the
anal cell; it is a little fainter in colouring in the fifth posterior
cell; its apical border is straight, also the inner one as far as the
anal cell.

Length 113 mm.

The female is identical.

Chrysops fasciata, ¢, Wiedemann.
(Plate xv, fig. 7.)

WMipi -eXOt 1. “Oa £03 (1S2L) +04... uss. zwelll.. Pns:, 1 p.-198
(1828); Doles., Natuurkund. Tijd. Nederl. Ind., xvii, p. 84 (1858) ;
Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 375 (1902).

Thorax black; abdomen at the base white, in the middle
black, with the apex ochraceous; wings at the base, costal border
and band brown. 4} lines, @ , from Java.

Antennae brown, the last joint deep black at apex, face
golden yellow with a brownish black triangular tubercle. Thorax
with golden yellow tomentum; breast sides with thick golden
yellow silky pubescence. Abdomen with the first two segments
white, the last one black on its posterior border, the third black
with ochre-brown median and side spots, which do not attain the
side border, the fourth and fifth ochre-brown with black side
borders, the sixth and seventh wholly ochre-brown. Wings very
hyaline, the usual band hardly incised in the inuer border, Legs
brown, femora darker, the tarsal joints at base very pale, the fore
tibiae and tarsal joints at base blackish; the posterior tibiae fringed
with black hairs. In Westermann’s collection. Wiedemann, Auss.
zweifl. ‘Ins., i, p. 198.

392 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

Doleschall records this species from Amboina. In Brit. Mus.
coll. a female from Malay States (H. C. Pratt), presented by
London School of Tropical Medicine; and two females from Ross
Island, Andaman Islands, May 1904 (Col. Bingham). In Indian
Museum coll. a female from Assam and another from Sibsagar,
Assam.

In London School of Tropical Medicine coll. a female from
Sarawak, Borneo (A. R. Wellington).

A species with the abdomen pale yellow at base, black in the
middle and reddish yellow at apex. Legs and face blackish.
Wings with the dark cross-band hardly incised on inner border
though sometimes paler.

Length 8}—12 mm.

Face yellowish or golden yellow, with the middle of face
shining black having only a short yellow median stripe below the
antennae, base of cheeks shining black. Beard yellow. Palpi
yellowish red, smooth, long and pointed with some black hairs.
Antennae yellowish, cylindrical, the second joint browner with
thicker pubescence, the third joint black except at base, longer.
Forehead black with a broad band of yellowor grey tomentum, the
frontal callus large, reaching eyes, protuberant. Thorax black, with
golden yellow pubescence at sides and on posterior border, and
with pale yellow appressed pubescence on dorsum. Scutellum
blackish.

Abdomen with the first two segments pale yellowish, the first
segment black beneath the scutellum, the second segment with a
narrow posterior black border, the third segment blackish some-
times with obscure yellowish or reddish markings, the remaining
segments reddish yellow. Legs blackish brown, the fore t biae
black, swollen, the middle and posterior tibiae almost wholly pale
yellow, the posterior femora incrassate with fringes of black hairs,
pubescence of legs wholly black. Wangs with a large broad trans-
verse band, broadly brown on costal border to apex and at base
brown, the band with almost straight borders, not incised on
posterior border though sometimes paler in the filth posterior cell,
reaching to the anal cell, the apex of which it entirely fills.

Chrysops fixissima, @ , Walker.

Proc. Jinnt Sockvsi -p: 112 (1850). Ricarco =, AnaseMetes
Nat. Hast: (7); -15 0: 37 0u(rae2):

Chrysops unizonatus, Rondani, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii,
Pp. 459 (1873); Ost. Sacken, Berlin. Ent. Zeit., xxvi, p. 97 (1882).

The type is not to be found in the British Museum collection,
but only the variety. Cclonel Yerbury has a note on one of the
specimens to the effect that the species is ‘‘ Rare.”’

Type (var., female) from Sarawak, 68, 4 (Saunders).

Two trom Sandakan, Brit. N. Borneo, 98, 38 (D. Cator), and
one, from same locality, 95, 134; one from Singapore, 96, 114

IgII.] G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 393

(Flower); one from Sarawak, 56, 14 (Saunders); two from ‘Trin-
comalee, 2, 10 g0O—-10, 9, 91 (Yerbury).

Walker describes the var. ‘‘ with two bands, one black, the
other brown.” I should rather describe it as having one black
band only, on the posterior border of the second segment. It is
related to C. fasciata, but distinguished from it by the facial
tubercle being yellowish brown, becoming black only at its upper
corners ; thelegsare also paler. The species described by Rondani
as C. unizonatus is a synonym of this, and not of C. signifer,
Walker, as suggested by Osten Sacken, who states that the face in
the Rondani species is yellow, which agrees with the colouring
of the face of this species (see Osten Sacken, in Berlin. Ent. Zeit.,
XXvi, p. 97). Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 376.

Length of type 11 mm., of others g—11} mm.

When further material is available, this species may prove to
be only a subform or identical with Chrysofs fasciata, Wied.,
the abdomen with only one black band on the posterior border of
second segment and the more largely yellow colouring of the face
appearing the only differences.

Chrysops signifer, ~, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, v, p. 276, 1861; Ricardo, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 376 (1902).

There is only the type, a male, in Brit. Mus. coll. from
Batchian, but Osten Sacken records males and females from the
Philippines and states they vary very much in size. Ost. Sacken,
Berlin. Ent. Zeit., xxvi, p-'97, 1882.

The species is distinguished from Chrysops fixissima and
fasciata by the shape of the second band on the third segment,
which is not present in Chrysops fixissima and Chrysops fasciata,
in this species it is concave in the middle, neither of the bands
reach the sides, but the third and fourth segments are bordered
with a narrow black stripe. Legs in the type are yellowish brown,
the hind pair darker, tibiae slightly incrassate. Wings as in
Chrysops fasciata.

Length of type 9} mm.

Chrysops cincta, Bigot.

Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v, p. 602 (1892); Ricardo, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 378 (1902).

? Chrysops clavicrus, Thomson, Eugen. Resa, Dipt., p. 452
(1868); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 373 (1902).

Antennae as long as the head and thorax together, black, the
first segment (joint) pale yellow, the second the same length,
palpi whitish yellow; face and forehead covered with a yellowish
tomentum, under the antennae a heart-shaped spot, an oval callus
at base of forehead, another transverse one at vertex, all shining
black; thorax black, a little yellowish down at the sides:

394 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

scutellum black; abdomen black, the segments very narrowly
bordered with yellowish white, a large band of the same colour at
base of second segment; coxae black, femora reddish, the posterior
ones black exteriorly, tibiae dilated, reddish, blackish exteriorly,
tarsi reddish with the apex blackish; squamae greyish, club of
halteres brown; wings whitish, blackish exteriorly, from the base to
the apex included, with a large median cross-band of the same
colour. PhilippineIslands. One specimen. Bigot, Mem.Soc. Zool.
France, v, p. 602.

I have examined the type (female) from the Philippines lent
me by Mr. Verrall; it is darker than the three other species with
black bands, and the yellow colour of the ahdomen is not
diaphanous; it is nearly allied to C. fascratus, Wied., and
C. stgnifer, Wik., but the abdomen is darker and the black bands
broader.

I believe it to be the same as C. clavicrus, Thomson, from
Malacca; and if this proves to be correct, Bigot’s name must
be sunk.

The original description may be amended thus :—

Face black, yellow at the sides, and with a central short
yellow stripe. Abdomen with the first segment pale yellow anda
narrow black posterior border; the second is pale yellow on its
anterior border; the black band posteriorly is nearly equal in
width to the yellow colour; the third segment is almost wholly
black, with only a narrow yellow border anteriorly; the two black
bands join at the sides, but the second band is entirely straight
on its posterior border, thus differing from C. szgnifer, WIk.,
which is deeply indented in the centre; the fourth, fifth, sixth
and seventh segments are reddish yellow, with obscure black
square spots in the centre of the fourth and fifth. The wings are
clear, dark at the base and along the fore border to the apex,
and with the usual transverse band which extends to the posterior
border. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 378.

Black. Antennae, head and palpi yellow, legs brown, anterior
femora and tarsi testaceous, anterior tibiae club-shaped, fusiform ;
wings hyaline, with the marginal border and an oblique median
band brown. Abdomen at apex brownish, at base honey-yellow,
pellucid, with black median band.

9. Length 10mm. Malacca.

Related to Chrysops rufitarsis, Macquart, Dipt. exot. Suppl.
iii, p. 174, with the anterior tibiae club-shaped, but in the
colouring of the abdomen and with the median band of wing not
incised, distinct. Head almost hemispherical, the width of thorax,
the large eyes bare, ocelli placed on a triangular callus, forehead
golden haired, with a large shining callus above the antennae; face
golden haired, the facial tubercle sub-protuberant, heart-shaped,
shining, the cheeks golden haired, proboscis deflexed, length of
the head brown-black; palpi yellowish, deflexed, conical, awl-
shaped. Antennae as long as the head and thorax, porrect,
filiform, with very short black hairs, separated at the base, black,

IQII.] G. Ricardo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 395

the first joint yellow, the second equal in length, lineal, the third
one and a half longer than the second, 5 ringed. ‘Thorax sub-
glabrous, golden haired at sides and beneath wings; black, at the
base above scutellum golden haired, scutellum large, transverse-
triangular. Halteres dull yellow, the large club black. Wings
with the fore border widely brown, and the band brown, narrower
before the base, elsewhere wide, transverse, passing behind the
middle of discal cell.

Abdomen with fine yellow pubescence, subopaque, the first
segment pellucid yellow with a narrow band before the apex, the
second yellow, denuded, posteriorly black, the third with the black
part wider, with a narrow yellow basal part, fourth, fifth and
sixth brown, the fourth with an obsolete discai brown spot;
under side brown, at the base yellow, the fourth segment with a
biown median spot. Breast black, a little shining, with fine
scanty pubescence. Legs with fine short brown pubescence,
anterior coxae dull testaceous, brown at apex, the posterior ones
black, femora brown, the anterior pair dull testaceous, anterior
tibiae stout, club-shaped, brown, the intermediate ones less stout,
dull testaceous, brown in the middle, posterior femora brown,
tarsi yellow with the apex brown. Thomson, Eugen. Resa, Dip-
tera prt452:

This latter description is given here with a few unnecessary
particulars omitted, as I believe it to be the same species as
Bigot described.

Chrysops flavocincta, @ , Ricardo.
(Plate sy; tise A.)

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 380 (1902).

Type (female) and another female from Khasi Hills, Assam,
97, 82 (Heyne) ; two females from North Khasi Hills, lower ran-
ges, 96, 135 (1878, Chennell); one female from Sarawak, 56, 44
(Wallace) ; one female from Trincomalee, 54 (Yerbury).

Black. Abdomen with a yellow band on the anterior half of
the second segment.

Face black, shining, with a grey tomentose stripe just below
the antennae and an obscure yellowish spot where the usual stripe
begins; a line of grey tomentum divides the cheeks from the
upper part of the face; forehead with the usual black tubercles,
which are large, a narrow band of grey tomentum divides them.
Antennae rather long, yellow, the second and third joints darker ;
the first two joints pubescent, the third bare, Palpfi yellow.
Thorax black and shining, with traces of a broad grey stripe, some
white pubescence on the dorsum and on the posterior border, and
yellow hairs at the sides. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, with
some white pubescence, with a yellow band on the anterior half
of the first two segments; that on the second is widest and

396 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

concave in the middle, becoming broader at the sides; the under
side yellow at the base and black on the apex. Legs black, the an-
terior and middle femora and the middle and posterior tarsi yellow.
Wings clear, the dark colouring hardly perceptible at the extreme
base ; along the fore border it is narrow and only reaches the band,
the apex being quite clear ; the band hardly attains the hind bor-
der and becomes paler in the fourth posterior cell, only just con-
tinuing into the fifth; in some of the specimens it does not reach
beyond the fourth and never attains the anal cell ; it is straight on
both its borders.

Length 8} mm.

One of the specimens from Borneo does not measure more
than 64 mm. Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, p. 380.

In Indian Museum coll. are females of this pretty little species
from Pallode, 20 miles N. E. of Trivandrum, Maddathorai, west
base of W. Ghats, all in Travancore. The greyish stripe or band
below the antennae and a narrow border between the eyes and the
facial tubercles are in some otf these specimens almost golden yel-
low. The species is easily recognized by the long cylindrical
antennae, all the joints about equal in length, the black shining
face, and the attenuated band of wings usually not attaining the
fifth posterior cell, its outer border is rather concave in these
specimens.

[This species, which is very common on the west side of the
W. Ghats in Travancore in November, resembles C. dispar (p. 382)
in habits —N. ANNANDALE. |

Chrysops flaviventris, ? , Macquart.

Dipt. exot. Suppl. i, p. 172 (1845); Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7), ix, Pp. 373 (1902).

Thorax black. Abdomen yellow with a spot and the apex
black. Legsred. Wings with margin and band brown. Length
33 lines, 2.

1, Related to C. tvanslucens. Face shining black, the upper part
fawn coloured. Forehead brownish black, shining. Antennae
wanting. Thorax shining black, with a large spot of fawn-coloured
tomeutum in front of the wings and prolonged below; scutellum
black, bordered with testaceous colour. Abdomen pale yellow,
the second segment with a blackish chevron, the last one black.
Posterior femora brown. Wings on posterior border and the
cross incised band brownish. From India. M. Bigot’s collection,
Macquart, Dipt. exot. i, p. 172.

This type is unknown to me. From the description it is not
clear whether an apical spot is present on the wing, but as it is
said to be related to C. tvanslucens, Fabr., which possesses one, it
may be assumed to have one. From the description it might
possibly be a specimen of Chrysops dispar, Fabr., with the black
stripe almost obsolete. It is not included in the table.

IQgIt. | G. Ricarpo: The Oriental Tabanidae. 397

Chrysops flavipes, Meig.

Klass., i, p. 159, pl. ix, fig. 13 (1804); Villen, Ann. Soc. En-
tom. France, Ixxiv, p. 310 (1905).

Chrysops perspicillaris, Loew, Neue Beitr., iv, p. 25 (1856) ; 7d.,
Verh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, viii p. 633 (1858); Schiner, Fauna
Aust. Dipt., i, p. 41 (1862) ; Gobert, Mem. Soc. Linn. Nord France,
1881, p. 48 (1881); Pand., Revue d’Entom., ii, p. 226 (1883);
Griff., Boll. Mus. Zool. et Anat. comp. Torino, x, No. 218 (1895) ;
Ricardo, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ix, pp. 426, 430 (1902).

One female from Baluchistan in Indian Museum coll. rather
pale in colouring but identical with the species described by Loew,
now stated by Villen to be identical with the Meigen type of C.
flavipes seen by him in the Paris Museum. ‘The species is widely
distributed, being recorded from Central and South Europe, N.
Africa and Asia Minor.

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Page
365, 374
alter, Rond. et 8 O7aA
cincta, Bigot 393
designata, Ric. 383 |

Haematopota, Meig.

Page

Haematopota cilipes, Bigot 360
cingalensis, Ric. 351

cingulata, Wied. 326

dissimiliss Rice f.- 331

fasciata, Ric. 358

dispar, Fabr. es OOn|
fasciata, Wied. 56 Bu
fixissima, Wlk. 392 |
flavipes, Meig. 397
flaviventris, Macq. 396 |
flavocincta, Ric. Jo. -Sho)3 |
indiana, Ric. S06. Shex0)
manilensis, Schiner .. 377
mlokosiewiczi, Bigot 378 |
pellucida, Fabr. 386
rufitarsis, Macq. 384.
signifer, Wlk. eS OS
sinensis, WIk. 388
stimulans, W1k. 389 |
translucens, Macq. 385 |
364, 365 |
longirostris, Hardw. 365 |
taprobanes, Wlk. .. 367 |
varipes subsp., Ric. 367
321, 364 |
flavipennis, Macq. .. 364
364, 365
365, 370
ater, Saund. Se) SV)
ornatus, Bigot 3714
So0 ee
annandalei, Ric. 335
assamensis, Ric. 343
atomaria, WIk... 332 |
bilineata, Ric. .. 350
borneana, Rond, 329
brevis, Ric. 349
cana, WIk. 330

fuscifrons, Austen 357

immaculata, Ric. 359

inconspicua, Ric. 358

indiana, Bigot .. 328

irrorata, Macq... 352

javana, Wied. 340

lata Rict 344

latifascia, Ric. .. 356

limbata, Bigot .. 325

lunulata, Macq. 354

marginata, Ric. 347

pachycera, Bigot 336

punctifera, Bigot 327

roralis, Fabr. 323

rubida, Ric. 338

sinensis, Ric. 345

singularis, Ric... 339

tessellata, Ric.. 348

unizonata, Ric. . 332

validicornis, Ric. 333

| Mycteromyia, Phil. 365, 373
nigrifacies, Bigot 373

Neotabanus, Ric. .. 321, 363
ceylonicus, Ric. .. 363
| Pangonia, Latr. : a. 28g 05
amboinensis, Fabr. .. 368
Rhinomyza, Wied. .. 365, 369
fusca, Wied. OO

Silvius, Meig. ae 365, 373
indianus, Ric. re sy ie!
Udenocera, Ric. 321, 361

brunnea, Ric.

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PART VII.—TABANIDAE.
By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

The Tabanidae sent me for identification by Dr. Annandale
are few in number, comprising the following species :—

TABANUS, Linné

Tabanus orientis, Walker. Two females from Man Hsien.

Tabanus monotaeniatus, Bigot. Two females from the
same locality, rather smaller in size than usual, the abdomen
being narrower, and reddish in colour.

HAEMATOPOTA, Meigen.

Haematopota lata, Ricardo. Four females from Man Hsien.

CHRYSOPS, Meigen.

Chrysops mlokosiewiczi, Bigot (Chrysops striatus, Wulp).
A series of females from between Teagvueh and Tali Fu (J. Coggin
Brown). The frontal callus is reddish yellow, not black. This
species has a wide distribution in the Palaearctic and Oriental
Regions, being recorded from China, Japan and Persia.

Chrysops designata, Ricardo (p. 383, anfea). One female.

For references to these species see Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. iv,
No. vi, IQII, containing a revision of the species of Tabanus
from the Oriental Region, and the same publication, vol. iv, No.
viii, for species of Chrysops and other genera of Tabanidae.

1 The previous papers of this series appeared in Rec. Ind. Mus., v, p. 193
(1910), and vi, pp. 13 and 215 (1911).

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a

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walt «oh lov woltmoidur oniss s8t Dow poi gat T Sede ahi

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eae ue 7 ee oe ost of fswasgge: Sorma ehhh te amgnd, svoraetey anti ae
iter 218, Bae ey ate sive Pach loi gey oO
od p T ae)

2
i
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% =
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} ~ x = Pisin © =
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= 7 ay a7 ie a | 7
‘i iT - ee ee ore” ae - _ ieee

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.

1.—Chrysops designata.

Zi 9
Star 2)
ieee oa)
ear a)
o— 29

icra + BS)

pellucida.
dispar.
flavocincta.
stimulans.
sinensis.
fasciata.

EK eC

+a Ve

mec id= Mus. Vol. IV, rorr. Piste

CHRYSOPS,

H.G. Herring. Bemrose.L*4, Derby.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.

8.—Udenocera brunnea.
9.—Gastroxtdes ater.
10.—Haematopota latifascia.

II.— Br atomaria.
2 BS unmizonata, o.
13.— i unizonata, @ «
14.— » tessellata.
15.— i. cingalensts,

to. ae brevis.

ZV
Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. IV, fort. Plate

UDENOCERA , GASTROXIDES, HAEMATOPOTA.

H.G Herring. Bemrose.L4, Derby.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

. 17.—Haematopota fuscifrons.
18.— i rubida.
19.— re indiana.
20.— ; punctifera.
21.— a annandalet.
22.— Me dissimilis.
23.— validicornts.
24.— voralis.
25.— : javana.

6.— lata.

“<3 Vain a

Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. IV, rorr. Plate #.

HABRMATOPOTA.
H.G. Herring. Bemrose.Lt4, Derby.

" 1 ‘ ny } yi "
ef Hy sm "
} we avs ie} i

ngs we =
wht
ay
<

7.328029

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.

27
5 B= e sinensts.
See: coal <5 assamensis.
ae OO sess * tvrorata.
eet Siac inconspicua.
iA oe en >» marginata.
ie. 33-5 ss tmmaculata.
BS ABA the aa sy bilineata.

Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. IV, Iori. ; Plate +.

own, I ee seo ee

HAEMATOPOTA.

H.G. Herring. Bemrose.L4,Derb

- Culicidae and Corethridae in the Indian Museum. Mdscellanea :—Measurements
of the skeletons of two large Indian elephants in the Indian Museum. The
young of Aclurus fulgens.. Some Batrachia recently added to the collection of
the Indian Museum. Breeding habits of Tylototriton verrucosus. The occurrence
of Rhinodon tvpicus at the head of the Bay of Bengal. Note on Ephydatia
meyent (Carter).

Part IV.—Aquatic animals from Tibet, I. Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian
Museum, I. Indian Psychodidae. A new species of mouse from the Madura
District, Madras. Some Cleridae of the Indian Museum. The Fauna of Brackish
Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, XII. A new species of Saw-Fish captured
off the Burma Coast. A new Sting Ray of the genus Tvygon from the Bay of
Bengal. New Microlepidoptera from India and Burma. Chrysomelid Beetles in
the Indian Museum. Six new Cicindelinae from the Oriental Region. A new
Slug from Tibet.

Part V.—Revision of the Oriental Leptidae. Revised and annotated Catalogue of
Oriental Bombylidae.

Vol. III, 1909.

Part I.—The races of Indian rats.

Part II.—¥reshwater Sponges, X. Aquatic animals from Tibet, II. Some amphibious
Cockroaches. Quelques nouvelles Cécidomyies des Indes. New land and marine
_ shells from Ceylon and §. India. Two new species of Cavanx from the Bay of
Bengal. Some little known Indian Ophidia. Some forms of Dipsadomorphus.

A pelagic Sea-Anemone without tentacles. Rhynchota Malayana, II.

Part III.—The Neuroptera in the Indian Museum. New Indian Leptidae and Bom-
bylidae. The Trichoptera in the Indian Museum. New species and varieties
of Freshwater Crabs, I—3. Lizards from Travancore. Three new Cicindelinae
from Borneo. The relation between fertility and normality in Rats. A
Barnacle of the genus Scalpellum from Malaysia. The Hemipterous family
Polyctenidae: Freshwater Sponges, XI. Two new shells from S. India. A
new genus of Phylactolaematous Polyzoa. Miscellanea :—Major Wall on some
forms of Dipsadomorphus. Notes on Indian Batrachia. Notes on Indian Fresh-
water Fish. Field notes on Indian Insects. The habits of Indian King-Crabs.
The rate of growth in Conchoderma and Lepas. Large colonies of Hislopia lacus-
tvis. Byrvanchiocerianthus imperatory von der Kiiste von Oman und Baluchistan,

Pavt IV.—A_ minute Hymenopterous insect from Calcutta. The Insect Fauna of

Tirhut, No. 1. New species of Botia and Nemachilus. New Oriental Sepsinae.

A new species of Hvedericella from Indian lakes. New-species and varieties of

freshwater crabs, 4. Some new or little known Mygalomorph spiders from the
Oriental region and Australasia. :

Vol. IV, 1910-1911.

No. I.—Second report on the collection of Culicidae in the Indian Museum.

Nos. II and III.—The Indian species of Papataci Fly (Phlebotomus). Taxonomic
values in Culicidae.

No. IV.—Revision of the Oriental blood-sucking Muscidae.
No. V.—A new arrangement of the Indian Anophelinae.

"No. VI.—A revision of the species of Tabanus from the Oriental Region, including

notes on species from surrounding countries.

No. VII.—New Oriental Nemocera. Miscellanea :—Synonymy in Corethrinae.
Indian Phlebotomt.

Vol. V, 1910.

Part I.—The Hydroids of the Indian Museum, I. Freshwater Sponges, XII. New
Shells in the Indian Museum from Burma, Siam and the Bay of Bengal. Mate
rials for a revision of the Phylactolaematous Polyzoa of India. Studies on the
aquatic Oligochaeta of the Punjab. An undescribed Burmese Frog allied to Rana
tigrina. Miscellanea :—The occurrence of Vultur monachus in Calcutta. An
albino Owl. ‘‘ Matla bengalensis’’ ; a correction.

Pavt II.—Description d’Ophiures nouvelles provenant des derniéres campagnes de
‘‘l’Investigator’’ dans 1l’Océan Indien. Description d’Holothuries nouvelles
appartenant au Musée Indien. The races of Indian rats, II, A new species of
Scalpellum from the Andaman sea. Five new species of marine shells from the
Bay of Bengal. Fish from India and Persia.

t a r te
= ihe Ay Spry

Paints (se:

ieee rie A ae

At
“

4
4
wf

Pavt IIJ.—A new genus of Psychodid Diptera from the Himalayas and Travancore.
The Indian barnacles of the subgenus Smilium, with remarks on the classification
of the genus Scalpellum. A subspecies of Scutigerella unguiculata, Hansen, found
in Calcutta. The distribution of the Oriental Scolopendridae. Decapoda in
the Indian Museum, I. A new species of Nemachilus from Northern India.
The larvae of Tovorhynchites immisericors, Wik. A South Indian frog allied
to Rana corrugata of Ceylon. Contributions to the fauna of Yunnan,
Introduction and Part I. Miscellanea :—The Darjiling skink (Lygosoma sikkim-
ense). Cockroaches as predatory insects. Note on Aedeomyia squammipenna,
Arribalzaga. Named specimens of Chrysomelidae in the Indian Museum, Two
barnacles of the genus Dichelaspis new to Indian seas. Slugs from the Eastern
Himalayas.

Pavt IV.—Indian Microlepidoptera. Some aquatic oligochaete worms commensal in
Spongilla carteri. Bothrioneurum tris, Beddard. Nudibranchs from the Indian
Museum. The classification of the Potamonidae (Telphusidae). Catalogue of the
pheasants, peafowl, jungle fowl and spur fowl in the Indian Museum. Species of
Palaemon from South India. Alluaudella himalayensis, a new species of degener-
ate (d') cockroach, with an account of the venation found in the genera Cardax
and Alluaudella. Rhynchota Malayana, III.

Vol.oVi) 1919.

Pavt I.—A Rhizocephalous Crustacean from fresh water and on some specimens of
the order from Indian seas. Decapoda in the Indian Museum, I]. Contri-
butions to the fauna of Yunnan, Parts II to V. Pedipalpi in the Indian
Museum, I and II. Six new species of shells from Bengal and Madras. Mis-
cellanea :—Fleas from India and China. Flies found associated with cattle in
the neighbourhood of Calcutta. Mosquito sucked by a midge. Large egg laid
by a beetle.

Pavt II.—Some sponges associated with gregarious molluscs of the family Vermetidae.
Aquatic animals from Tibet, III. Cyprinidae from Tibet and the Chumbi Valley,
with a description of a new species of Gymnocypris. New species and varieties
of Crustacea Stomatopoda in the Indian Museum. The development of some
Indian Ascalaphidae and Myrmeleonidae. Miscellanea :—The occurrence of
Dactylopius cityi, Risso, in the Himalayas, Note on Aquatic Rhynchota.

Pavt III,—Nouveaux Chironomides de |’ Indian Museum de Calcutta.

Pavi IV.—Indian Isopods. Systematic notes on the Ctenostomatous Polyzoa of
fresh water. Some aquatic Oligochaeta in the Indian Museum. Contributions
to the fauna of Yunnan, Part VI. Asiatic species of Crustacea Anostraca in the
Indian Museum. Freshwater sponges, XIII. Méscellanea:—Synonymy in
Corethrinae. The distribution of the different forms of the genus Jb/a.

Other Publications edited and sold by the Superintendent of the India
Museum (also obtainable from Messrs. Friedlander & Sohn) issued
by the Director of the Royal Indian Marine,

Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. ‘‘ Investigator ’’ 1892. Fishes, Plates I to VIE

_ Crustacea, Plates I to V, 1894. Fishes, Plates VII to XIII. Crustacea, Plates VI to VIII. Ech

- inoderma, Plates I to ida 1895. Echinoderma, Plates IV and V. Fishes, Plates XIV to XVI,

ag Crustacea, Plates IX to XV, 1896. Crustacea, Plates XVI to XXVII, 1897. Fishes, Plate XVII,

_ Crustacea, Plates XXVIII to XXXII. Mollusca, Plates I to VI, 1898. Fishes, Plates XVIII to

XXIV. Crustacea, Plates XXXIII to XXXV. Mollusca, Plates VII and VIII, 1899. Fishes,

_. Plates XXV and XXVI. Crustacea, Plates XXXVI to XLV, 1900. Fishes, Plates XXVII to

p XXXV. Crustacea, Plates XLVI to XLVIII. Index, Part I, 1901. Crustacea, Plates XLIX

to LV. Mollusca, Plates IX to XIII, 1902. Crustacea, Plates LVI to LXVII. -Crustacea, Plates

_LXVIII to LXXVIL. Fishes, Plates XXXVI to XXXVIII, 1905. Crustacea (Malacostraca), Plates

BeEXXVII to LXXIX. Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates I and II. Mollusca, Plates XIV to

XVIII, 1907. Fishes, Plates XXXIX to XLIII. Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates III to V.

_ Mollusca, Plates XTX and XX, 1908.—Re. 1 per plate. Mollusca, Plates XXI to XXIII, 1909.—
As. 8 Be ‘plate.

“3
“y

RECORDS
of the

INDIAN MUSEUM |

Vol. I, 1907.

Part I1.—Contributions to the Fauna of the Arabian Sea. Heimiptera and Hymenup-

tera from the Himalayas. Indian Freshwater Entomostraca. The Fauna oi
Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, I—III. A Sporozoon from the
heart of a Cow. Miscellanea :—The appendicular skeleton of the Dugong. An
egg laid in captivity by a Goshawk. Melanic specimens of Barbus ticto. Two
barnacles new to Indian seas. Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles from Port
Canning. Anopheles larvae in brackish water. Mosquitoes from Kumaon.
Peculiar habit of an earthworm. :

Part II.—Revision of the Oriental Stratiomyidae. An Oligochaete Worm allied to

Chaetogaster. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, IV.
A Polyzoon from the Himalayas. Batrachia, Reptiles and Fish from Nepal and
the Western Himalayas. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal, V. Oriental Diptera, I and II. Miscellanea :—Gecko verticillatus in
Calcutta. The distribution of Kachuga sylhetensis. ‘The distribution of Bufo
andersont. Note on Rutilia nitens. Some Indian Cerambycidae. Some Indian
Hemiptera. A preoccupied specific name in Macrothyixv. An enemy of certain
Pearl Oysters in the Persian Gulf. The distribution in India of the African snail,
Achatina fulica. Statoblasts from the surface of a Himalayan pond. Notes on
Hislopia lacustris.

Part III.—Marine Polyzoa in the Indian Museum. ‘The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at

Parvt IV.—Nudiclava monocanthi, the type of a new genus of Hydroids parasitic on

Fish. Three new Nycteribiidae from India. Annotated Catalogue of Oriental
Culicidae. Oriental Diptera, IV. Freshwater Sponges, VI, VII. A new Cyprinid
Fish of the genus Danio from Upper Burma. Miscellanea :—A colour variety of
Typhlops braminus. Reptiles and a Batrachian from an island in the Chilka
Lake, Orissa. ; ;

Vol. II, 1908-1909.

Part I.—Retirement of Lieut.-Col. Aleock. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port

Canning, Lower Bengal, VII. A new Dictyonine Sponge from the Indian Ocean.
Freshwater Sponges, VIII. Remarkable cases of variation, I. A new species of
Lizard of the genus Salea, from Assam. ‘The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port
Canning, Lower Bengal, ‘VII. A new Cavernicolous Phasgonurid from Lower
Siam. New species of Marine and Freshwater Shells in the Indian Museum
Oriental Syrphidae, I. A new variety of Spongilla loricata. Oriental Diptera, V.
Miscellanea : ~Remarks on Simotes splendidus. Corrections to No. IV of ‘‘ Notes
on Oriental Diptera.’’ The Isopod genus Tachaea. The habits of the Amphipod.
Quadrivisio bengalensis. New varieties of Nanina berlangeyi and Corbicula
fiuminalis. Recent additions to the Entozoa in the Indian Museum. A sub-
fossil polyzoon from Calcutta. Corrections as to the identity of Indian Phylac-
tolaemata. A peculiar form of Euglena.

Part II,—Gordiens du Musée Indien. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning,

Lower Bengal, IX. A new species of Danio from Lower Burma. Rhynchota
Malayana, I. Cimex rvotundatus, Signoret. Freshwater Sponges, IX. Fruit
Bats inhabiting the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos. A new species of Sun-
Bird obtained near Darjiling. Three Indian Phylactolaemata. Two new species
of Hagle-Rays (Myliobatidae). A new species of the genus Sesayma, Say., from
the Andaman Islands. New species of and, Marine, and Freshwater Shells from
the Andaman Islands.

Part III.—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Leiter Bengal, X, XI.

Oriental Solifugae. The difference between the Takin (Budorcas) from the Mishmi
Hills and that from Tibet. Cavridina nilotica (Roux) and its varieties. A new
species of Chavaxves !rom the Bhutan Frontier. First report on the collection of

X. ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF ORIENTAL
CULICIDAE—SUPPLEMENT.

By E. BRUNETTI.

Almost immediately after the publication of my ‘‘ Annotated
Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae ’’ ' I obtained access to a copy of
the fourth volume of Mr. Theobald’s Monograph on this family,
and to Mons. Blanchard’s copious work, ‘‘ Les Moustiques.”” Sub-
sequent to these is a very lengthy and valuable paper on the
Culicidae of the Malay States by Dr. G. F. Leicester (with a preface
by Mr. C. W Daniels, Director of the Institute for Medical Re
search) published by that Institution.? Also a long paper by Mr.
‘Theobald (‘‘ 2nd Revort on the Indian Museum Culicidae ”’).?

I have also received a copy from Miss Ludlow of her thesis on
the mosquitoes of the Philippines. The very consilerable list of
additions and corrections of importance relating to Or ental species
gleaned even from these five works alone render a supplement to
my catalogue imperative, and the information contained in the
present paper is mainly derived from these sources with the inclu-
sion of the 5th volume of Theobald’s Monograph recently issued.

The splitting of genera and species still continues to such
extremes as to invoke the severe deprecation of more than one
systematic dipterologist, more e pecially in th> case of groups
higher than genera, of which, none of those recentlv erected in this
family approach in zoological value groups of similar rank in the
other families of Diptera.

I have dealt elsewhere* with the quest’on of taxonomic
values in Culicidae, and therefore need not recanitulate here any
observations that apply only to nomenclature. In that paper was
mentioned that in addition to the vast accessions in generic rank
proposed by the new school of culicid students, new methods were
adopted in presenting to others the results of their labours, and
though I feel ill fitted to condemn or criticize, it does not seem
entively out of place to sugzest that, in as many particulars as
possible the generally accepted rules of zoological literature should
be adhered to.

Mr. Theobald’s methol in his Mo 1egravh of placing the
author’s name after the quotation insteal of hefore it, renters it
rather awkward to follow the data presented in this unusual

1 Rec Ind. Mus , i, 297—377 (1907).
or aie from the Institute for Medical Research, Federated Malay States,
vol. iii.
3 Rec Ind Mus., iv, 1—33 (1910).
* ** Taxonomic values in Culicidae.’’ Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, §3 (1910).

404 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Wor. iV

manner. Another serious inconvenience in referring to this author’s
work is the index, where the genera themselves are alphabetically
arranged, all the species of each genus forming a separate alpha-
betical list under each generic name. ‘This plan is still retained
even in the fifth volume. So, unless the student knows to which
genus this author refers each species, he has to search the whole
index. A single alphabetical list of specific names as is given in
the valuable Catalogue of Diptera by Kertesz would have much
facilitated reference, and the genus of each could have been entered
in a second column.

In Blanchard’s otherwise admirable work he adopts a very
laborious method of quoting merely a reference date and letter
(1g01a, 1902a, 1902b, etc.) for each paper of each author, thus
necessitating an examination of his list of papers (given at the end
of the book) every time a quotation is desired. The amount of
additional and unnecessary labour entailed by this double reference
is enormous.

The habit of authors on Culicidae of allowing the female to
take precedence of the male is in absolute defiance of zoological
rule, and it is to be regretted that Dr. Leicester in his great paper
on the Malay species, has continued this practice, even though he
had before him males of the greater number of the species dealt
with.

In connection with this question it is well to mertion the case
of the Anopheline mosquito known as cut/licifacies, Giles.

Giles originally described under that name, what afterwards
proved to be two distinct species (namely, his ~ is now known as
turkhudz, Liston, and his 9 as culicifacies, Giles).

Now, in accordance with the strict rules of zoological litera-
ture, as I have always understood them, in such a case the name
of the species is invariably retained for the ~, and a new name
provided for the 2. This being so, the name culicifacies should
have been retained for the male (now called turkhudi), and the
female (still known as culicifacies) renamed. However, to avoid
further confusion the synonymy was not altered in my catalogue
nor in the present supplement, but it seems advisable to call
attention to the fact and to protest against the 2 taking prece-
dence of the ~ in such cases.

A brief review of the recently published works on Culicidae
may now be made.

Mr. Theobald’s 4th volume (Monog. Culicidae World) contains
notes (p. I) on the growing of Lemna minor, L. arrhiza and other
duckweeds, on the surface of all unavoidable collections of water
as a preventive against the breeding of mosquitoes. Mr. Green
notes that they breed freely in the flowers of Heliconia brasiliensis.

On p. 3 Mr. Theobald gives a list of the species that are
known to be agents of infection. On p. 6 he gives Prof. Felt’s
table for the identification of culicid larvae ; on p. 11, Dr. Dyar’s
grouping and formation of genera by @ genitalia. As a criticism
on the classification by larvae, Mr. Theobald remarks (referring to

1912. | E. BrunET?I1: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 405

Messrs. Dyar and Knab’s paper, in which only 3 sub-families are
recognized ,—Anophelinae, Culicinae and Sabethinae), ‘‘ all other
genera of Anophelinae are sunk as synonyms of Anopheles, but
the authors raise one species—barbert of Coquillett, a species so
close to bifurcatus that it is hardly separable—to generic rank,
calling it Coelodiazests.”’

Mr. Theobald mentions their plates of portions of the larvae
as being valuable for future work. On p. 14 Theobald mentions
Coquillett’s classification of the family on adult characters, on
p- 15 the proposed separation of Corethra and Mochlonyx from
Culicidae, to form a separate family. Dr. Lutz’s classification is
given on p. 15 followed by a modification of it by Theobald on
p. 17; the latter writer being in favour of the separation of
Corethva. The further notes of interest in Mr. Theobald’s work
are mentioned under the genera and species to which they apply.

In the 5th volume of his Monograph of the Culicidae Mr.
Theobald reviews all the species included in the previous volumes.
It is a huge work of over 600 pages, illustrated by 261 text-figures
and six plates of wings, and contains descriptions of 2I new
genera and 392 new species.

It contains apparently lists of all known species in each genus
(except those purposely excluded for given reasons) and presents
them in tabular form.

It is satisfactory to see the author deploring the brief nature
of some authors’ description of their species, ‘‘ wholly inadequate
for correct diagnosis,’’ and as certainly leading to much confusion
and increased synonymy. He also, rightly enough, objects to new
genera and species being created on larvae of which the adult
forms are unknown, and he emphasizes this objection by ignoring
the species thus erected by Messrs. Dyar and Knab on American
and West Indian forms.

It is curious that Theobald makes no reference either to the
voluminous monograph on the Malayan Culicidae published by Dr.
Leicester, nor does he apparently notice any of that author’s very
numerous new species, mostly described from bred specimens.

In one or two cases he quotes verbatim descriptions of species
by other authors without notifying from which region of the globe
they come.

Blanchard in his ‘‘ Moustiques”’ (1905) devotes chap. 1 to the
position of the Culicidae, chap. ii to the morphology and anatomy
of the family, and chap. iii to their metamorphoses and habits.
Notes on mosquito parasites occur on pp 132-135. A long chapter
of nearly 300 pages, illustrated by 120 figures, is devoted to the
systematic description of genera and species. Chapter v treats of
the medical aspect, chap. vi of methods of prevention of attack
and of extermination, and chap. vii of their collection, preserva-
tion, breeding and mounting. An appendix giving recently des-
cribed species a very complete bibliographical catalogue, and a
copious index to the whole work completes the volume, which
totals 673 pages. On p. 390 he givesa key to the new genera

406 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

contained in the 3rd volume of Theobald’s * Monograph which
appeared whilst Blanchard’s work was in the press.

Miss Ludlow’s paper on the connection between malaria and
the occutrence of various species of mosquitoes in the Philippines
contains very extensive information respecting their distribution.

Many of the species appear widely distributed, Myzomyia
ludlowit being reported from no less than 42 different localities
in these Islands, M. indefinita from 26, M rossi, vanus, pseudo-
harbirostris, funestus and barbirostris from ten or more localities
each, besides other species from a lesser number of localities each.

She notes that it is probable that some species may pass
through the dry season as adults, hibernating amongst the dry
vegetation, and also notes that in localities where the rainy season
advances gradually, the Anophelinae are more numerous and exist
in considerable numbers throughout a good part of the dry season,
whereas in localities where the rainy season is introduced by very
excessive and constant deluges they are markedly less in numbers,
presumably by the breeding places of the insects in their earlier
stages being washed away.

“Four Anophelinae, funesta, barbivostris, fuliginosus, and
ludloww . . . seem likely to be acting as hosts for the malarial
parasite in the Philippines, and concerning Stegomyia calopus Mg.(=
S. fasciata F.), Culex fatigans W., and Mansonia uniformis Theob..,
there are too few data to judge if they be carriers of disease’’
(Ludlow). Regarding Stegomyia fasciata, the acknowledged sole
carrier of yellow fever, this author significantly remarks: ‘‘ Yellow
fever has so far never been present in the Philippines. The wide
distribution of S. calopus (= S. fasciata F.) is, however, very
suggestive taken in connection with the building of the Panama
Canal, as to the result likely to follow, should vellow-fever-infected
mosquitoes or patients in the proper stage of the disease reach the
Islands.”

Mr. G. F. Leicester in his important and extensive paper on
* The Culicidae of Malaya”’ devotes over 250 pages to fully redes-
cribing the mosquitoes of this region, including nearly a hundred
new species. In his preface he notes that the 3rd volume of
Theobald’s Monograph appeared just before the publication of his
own work and that an appendix will be necessary, involving some
changes of nomenclature, and that a further paper on the larval
characters may eventually follow.

In this paper he devotes 14 pages to the breeding grounds of
mosquitoes with some notes on collecting and preserving them,
but although he seems to have bred a great number of the species
and fully described numbers of them from long series of fresh
specimens he gives no definite dates of appearance.

A further report by Theobald on the Indian Museum Culicidae
(the 2nd) has recently been issued! in which four new genera
and twenty-one new species are described. It has appeared

1 Rec, Ind. Mus., iv, 1—33 (1910).

1912.] E. BrRuNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 407

unnecessary to copy the whole of the data supplied in this author’s
paper (which is easily accessible) in cases of very common or
widely distributed species, especially if the localities therein given
are already in my Catalogue.

In such cases the species are reported in this paper as ** com-
mon throughout India,’’ etc., as easy reference can be made to
exact details.

Major S. P. James in ‘‘ A new arrangement of the Indian
Anophelinae”’ (Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 95—109) criticizes the evanescent
nature of Anopheline genera, noting that if maculipennis, Mg., be
the type of Anophcles, s. s., there is no Indian species of the genus.
He divides the Indian Anophelina into two groups, those with.
and those without abdominal scales. Of the Ist group he admits 4
genera—WNeostethopheles, gen. nov. (pl. i), with attkenz, James, as
type; Myzomyia, Blanch. (pl. i), with culicifacies, Giles, as type ;
Patagiamyia, gen. nov. (pl. i), type gzgas, Giles ; and Pyretophorus,
Blanch. (pl. i), with palestinensis, Theob., as ‘‘ type example.”’!

In the 2nd group he gives these genera: Nyssorhynchus, Blanch.
(pl. ii), type maculatus, ‘Theob.; Myzorhynchus, Blanch. (pl iv),
type barbirostris, V.Wulp; Cellia, Theob (pl. iii), type pzlcherrima.
Theob.; Neocellia, Theob. (pl. ii1), type endica, Theob.; Aldrichia,
Theob., type error, Theob.; Nyssomvzomyia, gen. nov. (pl. ii), type
vOSS11, Giles - Christophersia, gen. nov. (pl. iv), type hallit.

The two new genera proposed, Neostethopheles and Pata-
giamyia, are not admitted in the present Catalogue, as my manu-
script was practically completed when these genera were set up, and
also because it is quite evident that the workers in mosquitoes are
further off than ever from any definite agreement amongst them-
selves as to either the number or the limits of the genera to be
recognized.” The third genus proposed by James—Christophersia—
is acknowledzed here as it comprises one species only, which has
not previously been located in any other genus.

In the 2nd edition of Messrs. James and Liston’s ‘‘ A Mono-
graph of the Anopheline Mosquitoes of India’’ a good deal of
additional matter is introduced. Their classification into Mega-
rhinae, Limatinae, Anophelinae, Aedinae and Culicinae need not
be criticised here. Their suggestion (p. 15) to make use of the
botanical terms to describe the different shapes of the scales seems
an excellent one, asthe terms now used are ambiguous and have
not the same meaning for every author. Collecting and mounting
are detailed, but it is certainly time that the method of using

} The true generic type is costalis but has not been seen by James, and, as
he remarks, the theracic scales mav be different. In any case hewever castalés
must still rema‘n the tvpe of the genus,

2 In the ‘‘ Bulletin of Entomological Research” for Mav tori Mr J. W. W.
Stephens calmly announces that ‘ A caref] examination with a pocket 'ens (1!)
should enabl: you to state almost with certainty whether or no all the Anophe-
lines you have caught are of the same species.’’ Yet those who have studied
them for years are, as stated, still very much at variance as to specific limits.

408 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOL. Ven

cardboard discs should be abolished and neatly cut blocks of pith
be substituted.! +

The authors’ suggestion (p. 17) to ignore the legitimate claims
of priority, cannot, of course, be sustained. One feature of this
work is that the descriptions are drawn up without reference to
sex, applying presumably to both, except where, here and there,
a character is noted as present in one sex only.

It is extraordinary how specialists in mosquitoes continue to
wrongly name the veins, and especially what they call ‘‘ cross-
veins.”

In James and Liston’s work, the longitudinal veins are cor-
rectly designated, but they speak of the short basal section of the
2nd longitudinal vein (before it takes its longitudinal course) as a
cross-vein (the ‘‘ marginal’’). It is nothing of the sort, the mar-
ginal cross-vein not being present in the Culicidae at all: and in
those families in which it does occur it is always in the distal half
of the wing.

Again, James and Liston’s ‘‘ supernumerary cross vein’’ is
merely the basal section of the 3rd longitudinal vein, and cer-
tainly not a cross-vein at all.

Their ‘‘ mid cross-vein’’ may be thus called though ‘‘ anterior ”
cross-vein is the more correct term; and the posterior cross-vein
they have happily correctly recognized.

The subcostal cross-vein of James and Liston is not this
vein at all, but the humeral cross-vein, the subcostal cross-vein not
being present in the Culicidae, and in those families in which it
does occur it joins the auxiliary and Ist longitudinal veins. There
are only three cross-veins in Culicidae—the humeral, anterior
and posterior.

In speaking of the cells, James and Liston say that the ‘‘ areas
enclosed between these branches ” (7.e., of the forked longitudinal
veins, the 2nd and 4th) “‘ have received names ”’ (mentioning only
the Ist submarginal, 2nd posterior and ‘‘ anal ’’ cells) but continue
by cheerfully ignoring all the other cells as ‘‘ for our present pur-
pose they need not be mentioned ’’!

Moreover, they are wrong again in their ‘‘ anal’’ cell, which
is really the ‘‘ 4th posterior’ cell. The anal cell is always behind
or posterior to the 5th longitudinal vein, or the hinder branch of
it when this vein is forked.

Perhaps Theobald is most to blame for these errors, as being
the pioneer of a false terminology. ‘This author’s ‘‘ supernumerary
cross-vein’’ is merely the basal section of the 3rd longitudinal
vein. He also figures the somewhat similar section of the 2nd
longitudinal vein as a cross-vein, but gives it no title, either in

; : The method I adopt for mounting all very small Diptera is to thrust the
minute pin through the right side of the thorax, immediately below the dorsum,
at such an angle that the point emerges from the left side immediately above or
between the legs. It is then possible to view the greater part of both the dorsal
and side surfaces without removing the specimen from the cabinet.

19gt2.] EE. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 409

the explanation of the figure (Monog., i, p. 18) or in the accom-.
panying letter-press. 7

In the hope that it may be of service to those who have not
sufficiently mastered the terminology of the veins in Diptera the
present figure is offered, with the correct names of the veins
appended.

Colonel A. Alcock has recently published a paper on the
classification of the Culicidae,! in which he deplores the undue
rank apportioned to mere groups of species in this family, and
recognizes Corethrinae as certainly belonging here, but follows

Terminology of venation in Culicidac.

C costa. a_ costal cell.

S.C sub-costal or auxiliary vein. b_ sub-costal cell.

1 Ist longitudinal vein. c marginal cell.

2 2nd do. d_ ist sub-marginal cell.
The two branches are termed the e 2nd do.
anterior (or upper) and posterior f 1st posterior cell.
(or lower) branch respectively. g 2nd do.

3. 3rd longitudinal vein, h 3rd do.

4 4th do. {oe 4th do,

(The branches named as in the k anal cell.
2nd vein.) 1 axillary cell.
5 5th longitudinal vein. m_ st basal cell.
(The branches named as in the n 2nd do.

2nd and 4th veins.)

6th longitudinal vein.

humeral cross-vein.

anterior (or ‘‘ mid,’’ or ‘‘ small ’’)
cross-vein.?

posterior (or ‘* hinder ’’ or ‘‘ large’’)
cross-vein. ?

SHO

the practice of other authors in instituting new terms by propos-
ing the establishment of four sections: (1) Megalorhini (=the Mega-
rhinae of Theobald), (2) Epialurgi (evolved from “ ague fever ’’
and ‘‘ work,”’ this group representing the Anophelinae of authors),
(3) Culicales (— Culicinae, Heptaphlebomyinae, Dinoceratinae,
Aedinae and Uranotaeniinae of Theobald), (4) Metanototricha

1 «* Remarks on the classification of the Culicidae, with particular reference
to the constitution of the genus Anopheles,’’ Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist. (8), viii,
No. 44, p. 240 (August I9I!1).

2 All three sets of terms have been used by good dipterologists but anterior
and posterior are eminently the best fitted for permanent adoption since these -
relative positions are constant in all wings in which both cross-veins are present,
whereas the other terms are sometimes inappropriate.

410 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL IV;

(= Trichoprosoponinae, Dendromyinae, Limatinae ot Theobald),
‘ this group being entirely conventional.”’ !

One of the most valuable points in the paper is the recognti-
tion of most of the so-called ‘‘ genera ”’ as sub-genera only.

I have endeavoured to retain the sequence of genera as
near as possible to that followed in my Catalogue, for there is as
yet, apparently no uniform agreement as to the disposition of
many of the genera, even into the so called sub-families.

Several genera admittedly hold intermediate positions, which
clearly supports the contention that the less the number of genera
in Culicidae, the more zoologically correct the classification. Res-
pecting the value of the so-called species the present writer offers
no opinion, but as authors are already speaking of ‘‘ Culex so-and-
so, and its allies,’’ it is reasonable to conclude that considerable
doubt exists still as to specific limits, and that the opinion ex-
pressed four years ago in the introduction to my Catalogue
that ‘‘a few more years careful study of the family is more likely
to result in the reduction than otherwise of the total number of
what today are regarded as distinct species’’ seems within posst-
bility of realization.

Four new ‘‘ generic’’ names are proposed in the present paper
for names already preoccupied, and it is significant as showing how
little culicidologists concern themselves with dipterological litera-
ture. that three out of these five names should have been pre-
viously used in the order Diptera itself ! ?

Other names are so similar to long previously established
ones that confusion is at least probable. Such are Popfea, Ludlow,
closely resembling Poppfea, Stal. (1567), in Hemiptera; whilst two
other recently established genera (non-Oriental) bear names re-
matkably sim lar to others long established in other divisions of
the animal kingdom. ‘These are Carrollia, Lutz, practically pre-
occupied by Carvollia, Gray (1838), in Mammalia, and by Carolia,
Cantr (1837), in Mollusca; also Ankvlorhynchus, Lutz, preoccu-
pied by Ancylorhynchus, Schonh. (1836), in Coleoptera.

Miss Ludlow has emended her generic name Calvertia to
Calvertina (Can. Ent., xli, 234), it being preoccupied by Warren
in Lepidoptera.

There also exist two other very similarly named genera Calver-
tius, Sharp, in Coleoptera and Calveria, Carp., in Echinodermata.

During two tours made by me, one round the Punjab and
north-western part of India in tg05 and one round the far east
in 1906, I collectela certain number of Culicidae but paid no
espe-ial attention to their capture or preservation, with the result
that the condition of the specimens renders them practically

1 Col. Alcock now accepts for these groups the more appropriate names
“* Megalorhinina,’’ ** Anophelina,’’ ‘‘ Culicina’’ and *‘ Metanototrichina ’’ (Bull
Ent. Res., ii, p. 241, 1911).

2 A ff h instance was included :n the original MS of this paper — Aldvichsa,
Theob. (preoccupied in Bombylid ie by Coquillett)—but in his last volume Theobald
alters it 10 Aldvichinella This genus (Aldyichia) made another instance of
ignored preoccupation in Diptera !

¥91z.} EE. BRUNETTI: Catalogue o} Oriental Culicidae. 411

valueless for the cabinet. Mr. Theobald, however, most generously
‘ooked tnrough them and suggested the identity of a certain num-
ber of the more easily recognized species, and the data referring
to these are included in the present paper, mainly for the sake of
recording the localities. These species are Myzomyza rossi, Giles ;
Myzorhynchus sinensis, Wied. ; Desvotdya obturbans, Wk. ; Theo-
baldiomyia (nom. nov. for Leucomyra) gelidus, Theob.; Culex
fatigans, Wied. ; concolor, R. Des. ; tigripes, Grandpré ; impellens,
Wlk. ; microannulatus, Theob. ; sericeus, Theob.; Mansonia annu-
lipes, Wik. ; and Stegomyta fasctata, Fab.

ADDLTIONS| COLE LIST OF “LITERATURE .ON
ORIENTAL CULICIDAE.

Adie, Major, 1904. Indian Medical Gazette, xxxix, June, No. 6.

Aitken, E. H., ryo2 ‘‘ Notes ona Tour in the North Canara
District of India in search of Mosquitoes,’’ Journ. Trop.
Med., v, 325—327 ; 341—343-

Alcock, Col. A., 1911 (August). ‘‘ Remarks on the classification
of the Culicidae, with particular reference to the genus
Anopheles,” Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), viii, No. 44, p. 240.

Annandale, Dr. N., 1g11. ‘‘A new genus of short- beaked Gnats
from Ceylon,’’ Spol. Zeyl., vii, 197.

Blanchard, R.,1905. ‘‘ Les Moustiques; historie naturelle et medi-
cale ’’’ (673 pp.). (Containsa very complete bibliography.)

Brunetti, E., 1909 ‘‘ Oriental Culicidae’’ (reply to criticism of
my catalogue), Can. Ent., xli 121.

Id., 1910. ‘‘ Taxonomic values in Culicidae,’’ Rec. Ind. Mus.,
IV, 53-

Id., 1911. ‘‘Synonymy in Corethrinae,’’ loc. ctt., iv, 317.

Id., 1911. ‘‘ Further notes on Synonymy in Corethrinae,’’ doc.
Cit NA 227

Dyar, Dr., 1905. A paper on the grouping of genera by the o
genitalia, in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, No 1.

Dyar and Knab, 1906. ‘‘ The larvae of Culicidae classified as
independent organisms,’’ Journ. New York Ent. Soc.,
Xiv, 169—2_0.

Id., 1907. ‘‘ On the classification of the Mosquitoes,’’? Can. Ent..,
MAKI, 47:

Id., 1908. ‘‘ Notes on Mosquito work,’’ Can. Ent., xl, 309. (This
is a short critical article on classification.)

Eysell, Dr. Adolf, 1905. ‘‘ Sind die Culiciden eine Familie ? ’’
Archiv. fur Schiffs und Tropen Hygiene, ix 51—55.

Felt, Prof., 1905. Bull. 97, Entom. 24, Divis. Entom. New York
State Mus., 445.

Ficalbi, 1896. The ‘‘ Revisione,’’ etc., quoted in my catalogue is
from the Boll. d. Soc. Ent. Ital., vol. xxi, e¢ seg. (1888
et seq.), 300 pp., 4 plates.

Giles, G. M., 1900. ‘‘ Species of Anopheles in Shanghai and
Java,’’ Brit. Med. Journ., 1, 485.

412 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

Giles, G. M., Igor. *‘* Notes on Indian Mosquitoes,’’ Journ. Trop.
Med., iv, 159.

Id., tgo1. **A plea for the collective investigation of Indian
Culicidae,’’ Journ. Bom. Nat. His. Soc., xiii; 592.

Id., 1903. ** Note on Mansonia anopheloides,’’ Journ. Trop. Med. ,
Vi 5320:

Id.. 1904. ‘* A revision of the Anophelinae,’’ being the rst Supp.

to the 2nd Ed. of “ A Handbook of Gnats or Mosquitoes.”
London, 47 pp., 8vo.

[d., 1904 (Dec.). ** Notes on some collections of mosquitoes, etc.,
received from the Philippine Islands and Angola, with
some incidental remarks upon classification.”’

Id., 1904 (Dec.). ** Notes on some collections of mosquitoes re-
ceived from abroad,’’ Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 365—3609.

Grinberg, K.. 1907. ‘‘ Die Blutsaugenden Dipteren.’’ Jena.

James, S. P., Igt0 (Nov. 18th). ‘‘ A new arrangement of the

Indian Anophelinae,’’ Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 95.
James and Liston, r911. ‘‘ A Monograph of the Anopheline Mos-
quitoes of India.” Calcutta. .
Knab, F., 1907. ‘‘ Culicid characters,’’ Can. Ent., xxxix, 349.

Laveran, 1901. ‘‘ Sur les culicides provenant de Hanoi’’ (Tonkin),
Comp. Rend., liii, ggr.

Id., tg01. “* Sur les culicides provenant de Haut-Tonkin,’’ loc.
cit., 993.

Lebredo, M., 1904. ‘‘Some observations on the anatomy of mos-
quitoes,’’ Revista de medicine tropicale.. Havana.

Leicester, G. F., 1908. ‘‘ Notes on the Culicidae of Malaya,’’ pub-
lished in Studies from the Institute of Medical Research,
Kuala Lumpur, vol. iii, with prefatory notes by C. W.
Daniels, and followed by (in the same volume, which
contains papers by other authors bearing on the malarial
aspect) another paper by Daniels containing notes on the
mosquitoes on the eastern side of the Malay Peninsula.

Liston, W. G., rgo01. ‘‘ The distribution of Anopheles in Ellichpur
Cantonment, State of Berar,’ Ind. Med. Gaz., xxxvi,
I29—132, and Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 164.

Id., 1901. ‘* A year’s experience of the habits of Anopheles in El
lichpur,’’ Ind. Med. Gaz., xxxvi, 361—366 and 441—443.

Id., 1902. ‘‘ Classification of Anopheles in India,” Journ. Trop.
Med., v, 146.

Ludlow, 1902 (Aug. 23rd). ‘‘ Description of a new Anopheles,”’
Journ. Am. Med. Assoc.

Id., 1902 (Sept.). ‘*‘ Two Philippine mosquitoes,’ Journ. New
York Ent Sock, x. 127:

Id., 1902 (Sept.). ‘‘ Notes on Culex annulatus,’’ Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc.

Id., 1905. ‘‘ Mosquito Notes,’’ No. 3, Can Ent., xxxvii, 94 and
129; No. 4, loc. cit., 385, and (1906) xxxvili, 132 (con-
cluded). :

Id., 1906. Id., No.5, .loe: (cit xxxvan, (367, and (1907) meexxixg
129 (continued), and 413 (concluded).

1912. ] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Onental Culicrdae. 413

Ludlow, 1908. ‘‘ Mosquito Notes,’’ No. 6, loc. cit., xl, 32, 50, 331.
Id., 1908 (Nov.). ‘‘ The Mosquitoes of the Philippine Islands.”’
Washington University.

Id., 1909. *‘ Mosquito comment,’’ Can. Ent., xli, 21.

Id., id. ‘*‘ New Philippine Mosquitoes,” loc. cit., 97.

Id., id. ‘‘ Mosquito observations,”’ loc. ctt., 233.

Id., id. ‘* Anopheles perplexens,’’ loc. cit., 293.

Lutz, 1904. ‘‘ Mosquitos do Brazil.”

Mitchell, Miss Evelyn Groesbeeck, 1907. ‘* The classification of
the Culicidae,’’ Can. Ent., xxxix, 198.

Page, H., 1906. ‘‘ Malaria and Mosquitoes at Lucena Barracks,
Philippine Is,’’ Journ. Assoc. Milit. Surg., xix, 65—76.

Peryassa, Dr. Antonio Goncalves. 1908. ‘‘Os Culicideos do
Brazil.’’ Rio de Janeiro, 400 pp., 26 plates.

Ross. Major Ronald, 1899. ‘‘ Life history of the parasites of
malaria,’ Nature, lx, 322—324.

Id., 1900 (Mar. 29). ‘‘ Malaria and Mosquitoes,”’ Joc. cit., 1xi
522—527.

Theobald, F. V., 1905. ‘* New Culicidae from India, Africa, Bri-
tish Guiana and Australia,’’ Journ. Econ. Biol., i, pl. i.

Id., 1907. ** Monograph of the Culicidae,”’ iv, Brit. Mus., London.

Td., 1908. ‘‘ First report on the collection of Culicidae and Core-
thridae in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, with descriptions
of new genera and species,’’ Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 287—302.

Id., 1909. ‘‘ Second report, zd. id. id.,”’ Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, I—33.

Id., 1910. ‘‘ Monograph of the Culicidae,’’ vol. v, 646 pp., 5 plates,
British Museum, London.

Williston, S.W.,1906. ‘‘ The classification of the Culicidae,”’ Can.
Ent., xxxviii, 384.1

N.6b.—To my catalogue, the following addition should be
made on p. 302, line 13, after the word ‘‘ sufficient ”’ :—

‘“ Coquillett in 1906 (Tech. Sc., ii, Bureau of Entom, U. S.
Dept. Agric.) sinks Aedeomyinae and Haemagoginae in Culicinae,
retaining Anophelinae, Megarhininae, Psorophorinae, Culicinae,
Deinoceratinae, Uranotaeniinae and Trichoprosoponinae.”’

ADDITIONS TO LIST OF LOCALITIES.

Berars .. Central India.

Bukit Kutu .. 3,400 ft., Federated Malay States.

Chittagong .. Eastern Bengal.

Cochin State .. south India.

Deccan 7. Ania.

Deesa .. West Central India.

Dehra Dun .. Foot of Mussoorie Hills (W. Himalayas).

Jugra .. Onthe Langat River, on a solitary hill
(1,000 ft.), Federated Malay States.

Kangra Valley .. 4,500—4,800ft., Punjab (W. Himalayas).

1 Not relating to Oriental species, but a severe criticism of present-day
taxonomy in this family.

414

Records of the Indian Museum.

Kawkareik
Klang
Kumaon

Laguna
Lake Chilka
Luzon

Maddathorai
Mandalay
Manipur
Mindanao
Moulmein
Pallode

Pangkor Laut
Phagu of
Port Swettenham
Puri

Raub

Rizal +55
Shasthancotta ..
Shencotta
Soerabaya
Sukwani
Tayabas
Thaumaspur
‘*The Gap”

Theog
Travancore
Trivandrum
Ukhrul

Ulu Gombak
Ulu Klang

[VOL Iv:

Base of Dawna Hills, Tenasserim, Lower
Burma.

On the Klang River, Federated Malay
States.

In Western Himalayas, embracing Naini
Tal and Bhim Tal.

One of the Philippines.

Orissa, east coast India.

The principal island in the Philippines,
containing Manila.

Travancore State, South India.

Upper Burma.

6,400 ft., Assam.

Oue of the Philippines.

Tenasserim, Lower Burma.

Travancore State, South India.

Malay Peninsula.

9,000 ft., near Simla.

Selangor, Federated Malay States.

Coast town in Orissa.

Federated Malay States (Pahang).

One of the Philippines.

Travancore State, South India.

City at eastern extremity of Java.

Nepal near Bengal frontier.

One of the Philippines.

Nepal (Terai, base of Himalayas).

Pass between Selangor and Pahang, Fede-

rated Malay States.

Near Simla.

State in Scuth India.

Capital of Travancore State, South India.

6,400 ft., Manipur State, Assam.

13 miles from Kuala Lumpur, Selangor.

Near Kuala Lumpur.

CATALOGUE.
CULICIDAE.

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES.—Blanch., Moust., r5r (tab. gen.
in Culicidae).

Sub-Family ANOPHELINAE.

App. ReF.—Blanch., Moust., 157 (sub-fam. chars.).
Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 22 (tab. genera),
24 (list of known spp.—16+1 uncertain), 25
(tab. known spp.).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 18 (tab. genera).

1Q12. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 415

ANOPHELES, Meig.

App. Rer.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, Ig.
James and Liston, Monog. Anoph. Mosq. Ind.,
2nd Ed., 4o.

N.B.—Col. Alcock recognizes seven groups—which he regards
as sub-genera only—covering all the species of the Anophelinae,
which according to him should all be comprised in a single genus.
These sub-genera are, Christya, Arribalzagia, Myzomyia, Ano-
pheles, Myzorhynchus, Nyssorhynchus and Chagasia. ‘Two quota-
tions verbatinu appear advisable: ‘‘ For the sake of convenience
the species that compose the genus may be grouped in sub-genera
according to the following table; but the groups, though they
can be defined with sufficient precision, grade into one another.”’

Atl these considerations justify the conclusion that
the so- -called ‘ genera’ of the proposed ‘ sub-family ’ Anophelinae
cannot be separately focussed as distinct generic conceptions, but
must all be merged in one generalization.’’ In the sub-genus
Anopheles, Alcock includes Stethomyta, Theob., Neostethopheles,
James, Patagiamyia, James, and Cvclolepidopteron grabhami,
Theob.

A. aconita, Don. (aconittus).

Removed here trom Mvzomvia by Theobold (Monog., v) saying
that Donitz says (Zeits. fur Hygiene, xliti, 233) that A. jormosaensis,
Tsuzuki, from North Formosa is only a variety of aconita, and
proposes to change the name (t!nnecessarily) to cohaesa. It trans-
mits malaria. James and Liston put it in their new genus Neostetho-
pheles.

A. aitkenii, James in Theob.
ADDITIONAL LOcALiIty.—Meenglas, Dooars, Jalpaiguri, 9-viti-
07 (Wallich], a » and @ in Indian Museu n the only specimens
seen by Theobald since describing the species.
A. barianensis, James, IQII.
Monog. Anoph. Mosq. Ind., 2nd Ed., 70.
Loc.-- Murree Hills, Punjab (7,000 ft.). Taken by Assistant
Surgeon J. L. Wredden.
A. dthali, Patton.
Now referred by Theobald to Myzomyta.

A. formosaensis, Jsuzuki, 1902.

Archiv. f. Schiffs u. Tropen Hygiene, vi, 289.

I am still in doubt as to what is meant by this specific name,
not being able to consult the original descriptions. Apparently

416 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vox. IV,

there are two species of the same name by the same author from
North and South Formosa respectively, the former being synony-
mous with aconita, Don. (according to Donitz himself, who suggests
renaming it var. cohaesa), and the latter being apparently specifi-
cally distinct, as Theobald (Monog., v, 84) quotes it as ‘* formosa-
ensis II,’’ though he is unable to place it generically.

A. farmosus, Ludl., 1909.
Can Ent ssxli.22- 9);

Theob., Monog., Culic., v, 8, 2.

Miss Ludlow notes (Mosq. Phil. Is., 10) the above species as
shortly to be described, the description appearing in due course as
quoted above. She says it is the only species in the Philippines
belonging to Anopheles (s. strv.). Theobald has not seen it and
suggests it may not be Anopheles.

From Benguet, Ph. Is., March 1908.

A. gigas, Giles.

App. REer.—Blanch., Moust., 184 (Myzomyra 1d.).
App. Loc.—Ceylon [E. E. Green]; Deesa, W. Centr. India
[Maj. Nurse].

N.B. —This is made the type of James and Liston’s new genus
Patagiamyta.

A. immaculatus, Theob.

Type in British Museum.

A. lindsayi, Giles.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., i169.

App. Loc.—Dehra Dun (Mussoorie Hills, foot) [Thomson];
Ferozepore (Punjab) [Maj. Nurse}.

Type in British Museum.

var. maculata, Theob., I1gto.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, I.

‘‘ A very distinct variety.” Kurseong (5,000 ft.), 5-vii-o8, a
perfect 2 [Annandale]. Type in Indian Museum.

A, simlensis, James and Liston, IgIt.
Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd Ed., 41.

This species, with gigas, Giles, and lindesayi, Giles, is placed
by the authors in their new genus Patagiamyia, but as this genus
is not admitted in this Catalogue, simlensis is referred to Anopheles.

1912. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Orienta! Culicidae. 417

A. treacherii, Leices., 1908.

Culic. Malaya, 19, 7 9.

N.B.—Described from a series bred from larvae taken in hill-
side streams in jungle. Amongst the notes the author says:
‘* This species is widely distributed in the Peninsula. . . . ° It
is a blood sucker; it will not breed in captivity. and the larvae,
unless mature, usually die.’’

A. wellcomei, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 33 2.
Described from several 2 2, all slightly damaged.
Type in British Museum.

PATAGIAMYIA, James, roto.
Rec. Ind. Mus.; iv, 98.

James and Liston, Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd Ed., 41.

This genus is not adopted in the present Catalogue. James
and Liston make gigas, Giles, the type species, the other Indian
species being lindsayi, Giles, and szmlensis, James. all herein
referred to Anopheles.

NEOMYZOMYIA, ‘Theob., 1910.
Monog. Culic., v, 29.
N. elegans, James in Theob.

Anopheles elegans, James and Liston, Anoph. Mosq. Ind., 82.

Myzomyia id., Theob., Monog. Culic., iii, 51.

Pyretophorus id., id., op. cit., iv, 77.

Theobald redescribes the species in vol. v, 30, 7 2 with two
figs. of the 2 wing, giving other details.

Locs.—Karwar (Bombay Presid.) [Coghzl/]; Andaman Is. | Ray
White|, Meenglas, Jalpaiguri [Wallich}.

N. leucophyrus, Don.

Nyssorhynchus id., Blanch., Moust., 213, 2 .

Myzomyta td., Leices., Culic. Malaya, 28, 7 @.

N.B.—The latter author describes both sexes (the @ for the
first time) from a large series bred from larvae from water in open
bamboos in jungle. ‘The species is wholly sylvan, and is removed
to this genus by Theobald (Monog., v, 44).

MYZOMYIA, Blanch.

App. ReErs.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 41 (list of known
species—20), 42 (table of spp.).

418 Records of the Indian Museum. [VorL. IV,

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 23, o &.
James and Liston, Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India,
2nd Ed., 40.
N.B.—Col. Alcock sinks Neomyzomvia, Theob., Pyretophorus,
Blanch., and Nvssomyzomyia, James, in Myzomyza.

M. albirostris, Theob.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 23, 7 2.

Type in British Museum.

N.B.—Leicester savs that the larva occurs in small running
streams with grassy edges. It is a blood sucker, and is easily
identified when fresh by the parti-coloured proboscis.

In bungalows, Kuala Lumpur.

M. annularis, Wulp.

I can glean no further information about this species, the type
of which, described from Java, should be in the Leyden Museu.n.
Theobald does not mention it in his 5th volume.

M. azriki, Patton.

App. Rrer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 27, # 2, figs.o 2 palpi
and palmate hair.

M. christophersi, Theob.

Admitted as a good species by this author (Monog., v) who
adds the following localities : Sylhet, 2-v-5 [Ha//]; Kangra Valley ;
Meenglas, Jalpaiguri, 13-vii-o7 [Wallich|; Calcutta, 2 2 2
| Alcock}.

M. culicifacies, Giles.

App. Rrer.—Blanch., Moust., 182, 2.

Theob., Monog. Culic., ii, 309 ; ili, 39 ; iv, 51; v,
25.

App. Locs—Mandalay, ~ 2 in bathroom, 13—14-ili-08
| Annandale|; Lucknow, 21-i-08 [Hdgart] ; Deesa| Nurse]; Enuur,
Goa. Bombay, Secunderabad, Aurangibad (Hyderabad State),
Deccan (all in India and all ¢. Theobald).

Type in British Museum.

N.B—This varies greatly in size. I do not know what
Blanchard’s @ of this species is. In the introduction to this paper
some remarks are made as to the name of this species.

M. deceptor, Don.

Theobald removes it here from its vague position in ‘‘ A no-
pheles’’ (Monog. Culic., v) and adds Trincomalee, Ceylon [Green],
as a locality.

1912.] EE. Brunerti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 419

M. dthali, Patton.
Also referred here from ‘‘ Anopheles ’’’ by Theobald (Monog., v).

M. elegans, James.

Referred to Neomyzomyta.

M. funesta, Giles.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 180,7 2.

N.B.—In his 4th volume Mr. Theobald definitely confirms
kumasti, Chalmers, as synonymous with M. funesta, Giles, and
remarks that it has not yet been found in India.

Miss Ludlow records this species from Samar, Laguna, Pan-
gasinan, Pampanga, Tayabas, Mindanao, Sciassi, Rizal, and other
localities in the Philippine Islands, where it appears to occur all
the year round except during March and April.

““ A proven host of the malarial parasite in Africa, with a
moderate distribution in the Philippines ; is always taken where
malaria is present or prevalent’’ (Ludlow).

The types of the varieties uwmbrosa and sub-umbrosa are in
the British Museum.

M. indefinita, Ludl., 1904.
M. rossii var. indefinita, Ludl., Can. Ent., xxxvi, 299.

App. Rrer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 47.

N.B.—Now accepted as a good species, although at one time
considered intermediate between vossii and Judlowtt, Miss
Ludlow records it from all parts (26 different localities) of the
Philippines, where it occurs all the year round. This author says,
“‘ Never the subject of experiment, though widely distributed,
taken in large numbers, and present during malarial outbreaks ;
does not occur alone in a sufficient number of stations to be indi-
cative, and its ability as host must be left in doubt.”

Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

M. jehafi, Patton.

App. RrF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 22, figs. of w ? palpi and
palmate hair.

M. leptomeres, Theob.

Giles, in his ‘‘ Revision of the Anophelina ” (1904) thinks this
= Anopheles pictus, Lw. (1845), but Theobald (Monog., iv, 124,
and v, 29) says that his (Theobald’s) species is nothing like Loew's
description.

Type in British Museum,

420 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vior,SiVE

M. leucophyrus, Don.

Removed to Neomyzomyia.

M. listoni, Liston.

App. Re¥F.—Myzomyta christopherst, Theob. Blanch., Moust.,
183.
App. Loc.—Kangra Valley (Punjab, 4,800 ft.), May, June,
July [Dudgeon]; Berars (Centr. India) ; Ceylon [Green].

Under the name christophersit, Theob., Mr. Theobald (Rec.
Ind. Mus., iv, 2) gives the localities Sylhet, 2-v-05 [Hall]; and
Jalpaiguri, 13-viii-o7 [Wallich].

N.B.—Mr. Theobald (Monog., iv, 51) sinks this name for his
own chyristopherst, and remarks, ‘‘ The name /istont was used by
Giles for a large variety of culicifacies, so Liston’s name cannot
stand.”

Even if the variety referred to is sufficiently distinct to be
considered as such, and constant enough to be accorded a name
(and Mr. Theobald does not rank it as such), there is no reason
why the name should not be given elsewhere to a distinct species.

Liston’s description holds priority. In describing the species,
I take it that he considered he was describing the species named
after him by Giles (U/stonz, Giles, 1901, Ent. Month. Mag., xxxvii,
197); therefore now that the error is discovered, and it is known
to be a different species, the name should surely be retained,
Capt. Liston’s mistake absolving him from being considered to
have purposely named the species after himself.

M. ludlowi, Theob.

Apparently occurs all the year round all over the Philippines
from the long list of dates and localities afforded by Miss Ludlow,
who records it from forty different places in these Islands. Also
found in the Malay States. ‘‘ Never a subject of experiment,
appears coincident with malaria in the Philippines, and seems
likely to be connected with its transmission ’’ (Ludlow).

However, in a footnote (Mosq. Phil. Is., p. 30) she adds that
since writing her paper, two articles have appeared, by Capt.
Ashburn and Lieut. Craig, and by C. S. Banks, the results of the
investigation of the first authors being against the probability of
malaria being actually spread by this insect; whilst the last
author proves at least its capability by actual experiments of
transmitting the disease.

James and Liston desire to place this species in their new
genus Nyssomyzomyta.

Type in British Museum.

M. punctulata, Don.
Removed by Theobald to Cellia.

IgI2. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 421

M. punctulata, James and List.

This is not claimed to be a new species, and the only infer-
ence is that it is Donitz’s species redescribed, though why these
authors rele@gate the name to themselves is certainly not obvious.

MI. rosisi, Giles.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 178, 7 @, fig. 162, wing; 163,
transverse veins.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 25, 7 2.

N.B.—In Monog., iv, errata, Mr. Theobald says “‘ This species
has been found on recent microscopic examination to belong to a
distinct genus from Myzomyia, owing to the peculiar squamose
characters of the thorax. The genus is being described by Mr.
Rothnell as Pseudomyzomyia.”

I have seen no description anywhere of this proposed genus
Pseudomyzomyia and Theobald does not mention it in his Monog.,
vol. v. James and Liston (Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd
Ed., 44) propose to erect the name Nyssomyzomyza in its place,
for the reception of vossii, ludlowi, Theob., and punctulata,
‘“‘ James and List.,’’ but for reasons previously stated the genus is
not recognized here. Anyway, should Pseudomyzomyia actually
have been published anywhere and cover the same set of species
it is impossible to throw out the genus at James and Liston’s
desire for the purpose of adopting a new name of their own.

Theobald, in his “‘rst Rep. Ind. Mus. Coll. Culic.’’ (Rec. Ind.
Mus., ii, 287), retains the species in Myzomyia without comment
and in his 2nd Report does so also.

Leicester (Culic. Malaya) says the larvae occur in any small
collections of stagnant water near houses, giving as localities,
Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Penang, Klang, and notes that its
only affinity in Malaya is albirostiris.

Miss Ludlow records it from the Philippines nearly all the
year round, saying ‘‘ Doubted as a host in India; has a moderate
distribution, is taken infrequently and in small numbers in the
Philippines, and its connection with malaria is not indicated.”

App. Locs.—Laguna, Mindanao, Albay, Pangasinan, Tayabas,
Pampanga, Batangas, Bulacan, Bataan, Cavite, Rizal [all Phil.
Is. ¢. Ludlow]. Calcutta apparently all the year round; I have
taken it there in April, June, July and August.

In the Indian Museum collection [¢. Theob. | from Purt,
Ganjam lake district, Travancore State (several localities, taken by
Dr. Annandale, 5—25-xi-o8) ; Ferozepore, Chittagong [Had/], and
on board ship ten miles off Coconada, Madras coast, 17-iv-08
[Paiva]; Lucknow, 4-ix-05 [Brunettt].

Theobald adds ‘‘ one example from Calcutta, quite typical.
was labelled stating that it was determined by Giles as Anopheles
costalis, he does not mention this in his handbook.”’

Mr. Green says this species is probably the malaria carrier in
parts of Ceylon, especially the Batticaloa district.

422 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOE.-EY¥-

In his last volume Mr. Theobald gives a long list of localities
from Indian Museum specimens, showing it to be found in India
practically all the year round, rarest in February and March,
occurring frequently in houses and public conveyances.

He adds as localities: Trincomalee, Ceylon, 14—28-i-07 ;
T-ii-o7 ; 1-x-07 [all Green] ; Phrapatoon, Siam, 18—29-i-07 ; Ig—29-
iii-o7 ; viii and ix-o6 [all Dv. P. G. Woolley]; Chittagong, 19-ix-08 ;
21-ix-08 ; 5-vii ; 8-vili [all Hall).

Type in British Museum.

M. tessellata, Theob.
Tvpe in British Museum.

M. thorntoni, Ludlow.

App. Loc.—Philippines (August, ¢. Theob.); Mindanao, Pangas-
inan, Tayabas, Pampanga, Samar, Rizal (all Phil. Is., Feb. and
May to November, ¢. Ludlow).

M. turkhudi, Liston.

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 183.

App. Loc.—Aurangabad (Hyderabad State, India).

N.B.—Tvpe in British Museum,

Mr. Theobald’s description of the ~ was drawn up from Giles’s
type, which at that time was considered to be the @ of culicifactes,
Giles, and which was first described as such by both Giles and by
Theobald.

Vide note in introduction on Myzomyia culicifacies.

NYSSOMYZOMYIA, James.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, ror.

James and Liston, Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd Ed., 43.

Proposed by the above authors for the three species rossiz,
Giles, /udlow:, Theob., and punctulata, ‘‘ James and List. ,” and their
suggestion is that it takes the place of the genus Pseudomyzomyia,
a genus spoken of by Mr. Theobald, but apparently never
described.

The three species in question are retained here under Myzo-
myia (I presume their punctulata is identical with Donitz’s
species).

. NEOSTETHOPHELES, James, rgro.

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 98.

James and Liston, Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd Ed., 4o.

I have not adopted this genus, with others erected in the
above work, but these authors place two species only in it, aitkeni,
James, and culiciformis, James and Liston.

1912.] EE. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 423

STETHOMYIA, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic , iv, 59, and v, 35 (tab. of 4
known spp.).

N.B.—Messts. James and Liston in their latest work suggest
the abolition of this genus.!

S. culiciformis, James and Liston.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 62 (J. and L.’s descr.
copied).

N.6.—He doubttfully retains (even in vol. v) the species in
this genus. The ~ is mentioned once or twice in the description,
but it is not definitely stated that this description applies to both
sexes.

Placed in their new genus Neostethopheles by James and
Liston.

S. fragilis, Theob.

Type in British Museum.

S. pallida, Ludlow.

Recorded by this author from Pampanga (Phil. Is.), Sept.
1905.
PYRETOPHORUS, Blanch.

App. REeF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 63 (list of species), 64
(tab. of spp.).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 37.
James and Liston, Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India,
end Wd: -Ar-
N.B.—In vol. v Theobald quotes Howardina, not Howardia,
as his reference in Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181. I cannot say which
is correct.

P. elegans, James.

Removed to Neomyzomyta.

P. freerae, Banks.
Theobald (Monog., v, 43) thinks from the description that

this may be a Nyssorhynchus. Only the imperfect type specimen
seems known.

P. minimus, Theob.
App. Rrer.—Blanch., Moust., 188, 2 , fig. 169 (wing and trans

verse veins).

1 Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd Ed., p. 39.

424 Records of the Indian Museum. _ [Vor. IV,

N.B.—Its place in this genus is uncertain, owing to the bad
condition of the type. Giles places it here; Blanchard says,
“near Myzomyia funesta.”’

P. nigrifasciatus, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 65,2.

From India, taken by Major Nurse at Peshin in April.
Resembles Myzomyia turkhudi, Liston. Also occurs in Cyprus.
Type in British Museum.

P. nursei, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 66, 2.

Taken by Major Nurse at Quetta in November, a unique
specimen resembling nigrifasctatus.
Type in British Museum.

P. watsonii, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 38,2.

A single 2 taken by Dr. Watson in jungle a few miles from
Klang.

MY ZORHYNCHUS, Blanch.

App. Rer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 81 (list and table of
the 16 known species).

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 29.

N.B.—Theobald thinks it probable that malaria contracted
in the open is generally accountable to species of this genus.

One Japanese species (s7wensts) has been shown by Tsuzuki
to carry malarial parasites in Japan. Col. Alcock embodies
Lophoscelomyia, Theob., in Myzorhynchus.

M. albotaeniatus, Theob.

App. REF.—alboannulatus, James and Liston, Anoph. Mosq.
Ind: SE:

ADD. Syn.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 34,2.

N.B.—\Warvae in pools near Kuala Iumpur, and in pools at
Port Swettenham within tidal influence, and with a salinity of
2‘8 per 1,000:

Type in British Museum.

M. barbirostris, V. Wulp.

App. RreF.—Blanch., Moust., 197.

1912.] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue.of Oriental Culicidae. 425

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 33, 72.

App. Locs.—Calcutta, December, 1 2 [Ind. Mus. coll.]; Pam-
pasinan, Daraga, Tayabas, Mindanao, Bataan, Nueva Kcija,
Rizal, Siassi, Pampanga (all Phil,-Is.,;, Feb.;’ March, June to
December) [¢. Ludlow]; Kuala Iumpur (in bungalows), Klang
(in jungle) [¢. Letcester] ; Phrapatoon, Siam, 24-iii-07 [Dr. Woolley] ;
Nedumangad, 10 miles N.E. of Trivandrum, S. India, 14-xi-08
[Annandale]; Assam, 15-i-07 [Hall]; Chittagong, 15-viii-o8 [| Hall];
Andaman Is. (1908) [Ray White] ; Digoel (in Amsterdam Museum),
and taken on the New Guinea Expedition [all ¢. Theob.].

Type in Leyden Museum.

N.B.—Dr. Leicester says the larva can be found in any
large open water, and adds, ‘‘ The larva described by Theobald
in vol. iii is, in my opinion, the larva sinensis and not barbirostris.”
Theobald says malarial parasites can develop in this species but
rarely do so in nature. The larvae of the true form live in dark
pools of all depths, with or without vegetation.

M. minutus, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 87.

App. Syn.—Anoph. nigerrimus, Giles, in James and Liston’s
(1900) Anoph. Mosq. India, 79, 2 , col. pl. iii (full insect).

App. Loc.—Kuala Lumpur [Durham].

Type in British Museum according to Theobald’s 5th volume,
but he previously informed me that it was lost.

N.B.—‘ The larvae are usually found in deep shady pools,
containing grass and water-weed, at some distance from habita-
tions, and the adults are seldom met with in houses’’ (James and
Liston);

The larval characters given by these authors (loc. czt., p. 81)
refer to the present species and not to the true nzgerrimus, Giles, a
species which is quite distinct, but which has been confused with
minutus.

The embryos of Filaria bancrofti can develop in this species.

M. nigerrimus, Giles.
Abb. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 197.
Type in British Museum.
M. peditaeniatus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 31,07 .

Described from a large series bred from larvae, which occur
in any large collection of water, if not very stagnant, in the
Malay Peninsula.

420 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vous TV,

M. philippinensis, Ludl.

Removed to Nyssorhynchus.

M. pseudobarbirostris, Ludlow.

App. Rrer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 83, 2.

N.B.—Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

Closely allied to barbivostris, Wulp.

Miss Ludlow records it from Marinduque, Mindanao, Ambos
Camarines, Pangasinan, Bulacan, Tayabas, Cavite and Rizal,
all in the Philippines, appearing apparently from May to October.

M. separatus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 36 (sex not mentioned).

Bred by the author from larvae from large collections of
water in the open near Kuala Lumpur. ‘‘ It may be a variety of
sinensis.’

WI. sinensis, W.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 190, 2 , fig. 170 (wing scales).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 30,0 2.

ADD. Syn.—Anoph. plumiger, Don., Ins. Borse, Jan. rgor.

Anoph, jesoensis, ‘Tsuzuki, 1902, Centr. fiir Bakteriol., xxxi,
703.
App. Locs.—Hong-Kong, Malacca, Java, Sumatra [all ¢.
Blanchard] ; Calcutta, vi, vii, viii, 1908, in bathrooms at Museum
[Annandale]; at light on board steamers at Damukdia Ghat,
R. Ganges [Annandale] ; Sylhet, i, ii, v, vi, vii [Hall] ; Manipur
(6,400 ft.), vili-o8 [Pettigrew]; Ferozepore [Adie]; Maddathorai,
r¢-ix-0g [Annandale] (all in Ind. Mus. coll., identified by Theobald) ;
Jolo (September) and Rizal (August), Phil. Is. [¢. Ludlow];
Shanghai, 8—10-v-06, in ditch [Brunett?].

Theobald adds the following localities in his vol. v : Phrapa-
toon, Siam, vili, ix [Dv. Woolley] ; Pampanga, Angeles, Ph. Is.
|Whitmore]; West Lake, Hankow [Cornford]; Ukhrul, Manipur
(6,400 it.), vilt-o8, 20—26-1-03 , 23-ii-05, 27-v-00, 4——7-vi-05 [ Petti-
grew]; Sylhet, 13-1-03, 13-1-04, 24-vii-o8 [Hal/] ; Ferozepore[A die] ;
Calcutta, 9-vi-08, vili-o8, 28-vii and g-vi-o8 [Annandale]; Madda-
thorai, S. India, 18-ix-08 [Annandale].

N.B.—Dr. Leicester says, ‘‘larvae taken in ponds and road-
side ditches, both in town and country.”’

Miss Ludlow reports, ‘“‘ a proven host in India; has been
taken at too few stations to show that it affects markedly the
malarial conditions of the Islands’’ (Philippines). Dr. Leicester
includes under this specific name, vanus, Wlk.

Respecting pseudopictus, Grassi (a European species), Theo-
bald still (Monog., iv, 87) considered it distinct from sinensis, W..,

1912.] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 427

with pictus, Ficalbi, for a synonym, but in vol. v he suppresses
this synonym. Amongst the uncertain species ranked under ‘‘ Ano-
pheles ” he places ‘‘pictus, Lw.’’ He gives no further information
about his Myzomyta indiensts.

M. sinensis has been studied in Japan, where it has been
found to transmit malaria. It is very variable.

M. umbrosus, Theob.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 35,2.

He notes only one example, from jungle near Kuala Lumpur,
*< very like barbirostris.”

Type in British Museum.

M. vanus, Wk.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 196,77 2 .

App. Locs.—China [#¢. Theobald] ; Celebes [¢. Walker]; Java,
Malacca [¢. Blanchard]; Calcutta, Oct., Nov., Dec., common in
last two months; Port Canning [¢. Theob., Ind. Mus. coll.j;; Albay,
Laguna, Pangasinan, Bulacan, Tayabas, Manila, Cavite, Bataan,
Nueva Ecija, Rizal (all Phil. Is., April, and from June to Janu-
ary) [¢. Ludlow]; Dondra, Ceylon, 4-xii-o7 [Green]; Galle, Ceylon,
8 xii-07 [Green].

Type in British Museum.

N.B.—Dr. Leicester considers vanus synonymous with sinen-
sts, W., but Theobald in his latest volume keeps them distinct.

LOPHOSCELOMYIA, Theob.

App. RreF.—Giles, I9g04, Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 366 (Lopho-
myta).
Blanch., 1905, Moust., 635.
Theob., 1907, Monog., iv, 91,07 ?.
Leices., 1908, Culic. Malaya, 21.

N.b6.—In his monograph (iv, 92) Mr. Theobald redescribes,
and says that the name was spelt correctly at the erection of the
genus (Entom., Jan., 1904). In the Genera Insectorum (Fasc. 26)
he spells it Lophocelomyia.

L. asiatica, Leices.

App. RrEF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 92,7 2.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 21,7 9.

‘‘Lophomyia asiatica Theob. MS.,’’ in Giles (1904), Jour.
Trop. Med., vii, 366.

App. Locs.—Malaysia, according to Leicester, who says it
breeds exclusively in pools of water in bamboo, adding that those
bred in captivity will not bite.

428 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

NYSSORHYNCHUS, Blanch.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 202.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 39.
James and List., Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India,

and Ed., 43.
Laverania, Theob., 1902 Journ. Trop. Med., ii,
181.

N.B.—In this genus Col. Alcock sinks Neocellia, Theob., Cellia,
Theob., Calvertina, Ludl., and Christophersia, James.

N. fuliginosus, Giles.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 205, fig. 179a, normal wing,
179), wing of var. pallida.

App. Locs.—Calcutta, 15-vii-o8, 12-viii-o8, at light in house
[Annandale]; Balighai, near Puri, 23—24-x-08, ‘‘ numerous in old
wells, resting by day’ [Annandale]; Ferozepore, numerous [ Adie] ;
Deesa [Nurse]; Ceylon [Green, Major Manders, Chalmers]; Ellich-
pur in April, Calcutta, December, at light; Bombay, Java, Sumatra
[all ¢. Blanchard]; Pangasinan, Tayabas, Guimaris Is., Albay,
Rizal, Cavite, all Phil. Is. [¢. Ludlow].

N.B.—Capt. James has found that tertian, quartan and malig-
nant tertian parasites will develop in this species artificially, but
says it has not yet been found naturally infected (v. James, Sci.
Mem. Ind., new. ser., No. 2, p. 39).

Major Adie has found the sporozoits in wild fuliginosus (Ind.
Med. Gaz., xxxvili, July 7, 1903).

Theobald (Monog., iv, 99) notes a variety from Chingelput
(S. India).

Miss Ludlow says, ‘‘ Questioned as a host in India; hasa
moderate distribution taken infrequently in small numbers in the
Philippines, and its connection with malaria is not indicated.”

This species appears to have several varieties, a form occur-
ring in the Punjab all the winter (Adie, Ind. Med. Gaz., xxxviii,
July 7, 1903 and Jan. 4, 1905); this variety flourishing from the
middle of November till the end of April, whereas in that part of
India, the typical form flourishes from the middle of March to
the beginning of June.

Theobald’s variety pallida has been considered a good species
by Giles, but the former author states that it is not so (Monog.,
iv, 100).

N. indiensis, Theob., 1903.
Monog. Culic., iii, 99.

Anoph. id., James and Liston (non Giles), Anoph. Mosq. Ind.,
95, plate 2, figs.

1912. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 429

This form, previously regarded as a variety of maculipalpis,
Giles, is raised by Theobald (Monog. Culic., iv, 98) to the rank of
a species (vide N. maculipalpis, post.).

Type in British Museum.

N.B.—Theobald (Monog., v) restricts the localities of this form
to the Central Provinces of India, Nagpur, Goa, Karwar, Travan-
core.

N. jamesii, Theob.

App. REeF.—Blanch., Moust., 206.

App. Locs.—Calcutta, 5-vili-o8 [Annandale]; Shamnagar,
Bengal, 3-viii-05 [Gourlay].

Type in British Museum.

N. karwari, James in Theob.

ApD. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 39,7 2.
N.B.—\atvae taken at Jugra and near Kuala Lumpur, in

the grassy edges of slowly flowing streams.
Type in British Museum.

N. maculatus, Theob.

App. REer.—Blanch., Moust., 207, 7 @ , fig. 180 (wing).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 41, ~ 2 (copies Theobald’s
description, not having seen the species).
App. Locs.—Nara Ghat, Nepal, near Bengal frontier, 25—
26-ii-08 ; Thamaspur, Bengal frontier, 18 and 20-11-08, 7 2.
N.B.—This species is the type of the genus and the type was
described as in Dr. Rees’s collection, but Mr. Theobald informs
me that it is in the British Museum.

N. maculipalpis, Theob.

N.B.—The variety indiensis is now raised to the rank of a
species (vide supra). In my catalogue, therefore, delete the locali-
ties Nagpur, Karwar, Goa and Travancore, all of which relate to
indiensts.

N. nivipes, Theob.

ADD. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, tor, 2 .
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 44, 7 @.

N B.—Bred from larvae in small collections of water in the
open near Kuala Lumpur, Klang, etc. Dr. Leicester describes the
species from a long series of both sexes.

Type in British Museum.

430 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOESnV,

N. philippinensis, Lud.

App. ReF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 103, ?.

App. Locs.—Pangasinan, Tayabas, Abra, Rizal, Pampanga
(all Phil. Is.), where it occurs all the year round except from Feb-
ruary to May.

Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

N.B.—Theobald says (Monog., iv, 104), allied to mivipes,
Theob., may be a variety of it. The species has been referred by
Giles to Pyretophorus but Theobald (loc. cit., v, 63) retains it here.

N. pseudowillmori, Theob., rgro.
Monog. Culic., v, 65,9.

From Meenglas, Jalpaiguri, 13-vii-o7 [Wallich].
Type in Indian Museum. Perhaps a var. of w7llmori.

N. stephensi, Liston.

App. Re¥F.—Blanch., Moust., 2ro.

App. Locs.—Calcutta (Museum gardens), 15-vii-o8 [Annan-
dale]; Phil. Is. (¢. Miss Ludlow in Can. Ent , xli, 234).

This was removed to Neocellia but Theobald replaces it here
in his vol. v, where see p. 20 for notes.

N. theobaldi, Giles.

Erratum.—Correct p. 300 to 299 in my reference to Giles’
Handb., 2nd Ed.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 210.

App. Locs.—Benguet (Phil. Is.), March, April, November.

N.B.—Miss Ludlow says ‘‘ a proven host in India; has been
taken at only one station (referring to the Philippines), and can-
not be held responsible for much of the transmission of malaria.”

N. willmori, James.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 42,7 2.

Has been placed in Neocellia but Theobald (Monog., v) again
refers it here, and adds Ceylon, Pundaluoya, July—‘‘ known as
the instep-biting mosquito’’ [Green]; Malay States and Meenglas,
Jalpaiguri, 13-vii-o7 [Wallich], to the localities.

N.B.—Dr. Leicester says the larvae live in hill streams in
jungle near Kuala Lumpur, Jugra and elsewhere, and only records
the adult from a hut in Ula Gombak.

Type in the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India,

1gI2. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 431

KERTESZIA, Theob., 1905.
Ann. Mus. Hung., iii, 66.
Monog. Culic., iv, 117.
Intermediate between Nyssorhynchus and Cellia.
N.B.—Col. Alcock sinks Kerteszia in Arribalzagia , Theob.

K. megregori, Banks, 1910.
Phil. Journ. Sci., iv, 548, 0.

Loc.—Basilan, Ph. Is. (Type No. 6666), Entomological Collec-
tion, Bureau of Science, Manila.

CHRISTOPHERSIA, James.

Paludism, vol. i, 33 (July 1910) (nom. nud.). Rec. Ind.
Mus!,’iv, 103 (descr.).

C. halli, James, rgro.

Paludism, vol. i, 33. Plate: figs. of palpi, thorax (dorsal and
lateral), abdomen (dorsal, lateral and ventral) and hind leg.

James and List., Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd Ed., 123.

Loc.—Sylhet (Assam), February, June, July and December
[Li-Col. Hall}.

Type in Indian Museum.

CELLIA, Theob.

ADD. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 104, 105 (list and tab.
known spp.).
Blanch., Moust., 214.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 46.

C. flava, Ludlow, 1908.
Can, Ent... <l, 32%.a7

Described from four examples from Tayabas (Phil. Is.), Sep-
tember 1907 ; incorrectly quoted Tayubar in original description,
corrected by author, Joc. cit., 52.

Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

C, kochi, Don

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust. 208 (Nvssorhynchus).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 46,7 @.
App. Locs.—Kuala Lumpur, xi, 1902 [Durham]; Singapore.
N.b.—Widely distributed in the Malay Peninsula, more
abundant in the vicinity of houses, breeding in roadside puddles
or any pool of water in the open.

432 Records of the Indian Museum. { VoL. iV,

C. pulcherrima, Theob.

App. RreF.—Blanch., Moust., 215, 2.

App. Loc.—Kokand (Turkestan) [¢. Univ. Coll. Helsingfors] :
Lahore.

Type 2 in British Museum, @ apparently still unknown.

C. punctulata, Don.

Anopheles id.; Myzomyia id. ; auct.

Nyssorhynchus td, Blanch., Moust., 208.

Anoph. tessellatum, 'Theob., Monog. Culic., 1, 175 (wom. nud).

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 27,7 92.

App. Locs.—Kuala Lumpur, Klang (at both places in
bungalow) [¢. Leicester]; Sumatra, Borneo, Taiping, Papua.

N.B.—‘‘ It proves to be a Cellia and not a Myzomyra, as it ap-
peared from Donitz’s description. Blanchard erroneously placed
it in Nyssorhynchus”’ (Theob., Monog., iv, 109).

James and Liston (Monog. Anoph. Mosq. India, 2nd Ed.) des-
cribe and figure parts of a ‘‘ punctulata James and Liston,’ under
their proposed new genus Nyssomyzomyia without any reference
to Donitz’s species of this name. ‘The species cannot be taken
from Donitz’s credit if the two are identical, and, if not, two spe-
cies with the same name cannot co-exist in the same genus.

NEOCELLIA, Theob.

Monog. Culic,, iv, III, 7 2.

N. dudgeoni, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 112, 2.
Loc.—Kangra Valley (4,500 ft.), June, July [Dudgeon}.
Described from several ? ¢.
Type in British Museum.
N. indica, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, I11,¢7 9.

Loc.—Dehra Dun (foot of Mussoorie Hills), February, March.
Described from I~” and 32 9.
Type in British Museum.

N. intermedia, Rothwell, 1907.
Entomologist, Feb. 1907, 2 .

Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 115, 2; v, 73, 7 2, fig. 20, wing’.
Loc.—Deesa (W. Centr. India), January, August.
Type in British Museum.

1912.] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Ortental Culicidae. 433

The @ described by Theobald (v, 73) from Ferozepore, India
(18 # @ and 109 ? ¢ taken by Adie).

ALDRICHINELLA, Theob., rgro.

Monog. Culic., v, 77, nom. nov. for
Aldrichia, Theob., 1903.

Aldrichia has been preoccupied by Coquillett in Bombylidae
since 1894 (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xxi, 93), so Theobald has just
forestalled me in renaming it by proposing Aldrichinella.

In James and Liston’s new edition the correction is not
made.

The type (A. error, a unique specimen) was in the British
Museum, but has subsequently been broken. Col. Alcock, how-
ever, says it is not a good species at all, being a Myzomyia rossit,
Giles, with the abdomen of some different species attached.

BIRONELLA, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 120, 7; fig. # wing,
pe 122)

B. gracilis, Theob.

N.B.—The ¢& being unknown, Mr. Theobald judges this genus
to belong to the Anophelina, but some details of its characteristics
make him uncertain as to which subfamily should really in-
clude it.

Type in Hungarian Museum.

CALVERTINA, Ludlow, 1909.

Can, Ent., xli, 234, emen. from Calvertia, Ludl., loc. cit., 22.

C. lineata, Ludlow, 1908.
Can. Ent., xl, 50 (Chagasia id.).

Calvertia lineata, Ludl.

Calvertina id., Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 77.

N.B.—Described first under Chagasia, Calvertia was erected
for it, but this is preoccupied by Warren in Lepidoptera and by
Calvertius, Sharp, in Coleoptera ; there is also a Calveria, Carp., in
Echinoderma.,

The species described from a single perfect specimen of which
the author does not state the sex. From Pangasinan (Phil. Is.)
in August. Its position here is uncertain, and it may be better
placed near Pyretophorus.

434 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

‘* ANOPHELES,”’ sensu lato.
‘* Anopheles’”’ arabiensis, Patton.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 81, @ 2 , fig. 34, o @
palpi.

N.B.—Theobald seems vague in his opinion on this. From
damaged 2 @ sent him by the author of the species, he considered
them identical with A. wellcomei, Theob., but Patton had already
sent the species to Dr. Stephens, who compared it with the type
of wellcomei and pronounced them distinct. In vol. v, 82, Theo-
bald says: ‘‘ it is certainly not an Anopheles,’ and immediately
after he says a damaged specimen sent him by Patton could not
be separated from wellcomei, Theob. In his last volume he puts
the species under ‘‘ Anopheles.”

‘* Anopheles ”’ culiciformis, Cogill.

Theobald confesses inability to trace this species.

‘* Anopheles ’’ deceptor, Don.
Removed to Myzomyva.

‘* Anopheles ”’ pictus, Lw., 1845.
Dipt. Beit.;“Poseny py.

Theobald still (Monog. Culic., iv) thinks this the same as
Grassi’s pseudopictus, but defers a definite opinion until he can
compare specimens from Rhodes (Asia Minor). Dr. Thin records
it from Haut Tonkin and Harioi. ‘‘In both cases M. sinensis is
evidently referred to as an allied species’’ (Theob., Monog.
Culic., iv, 124). Theobald also says here that Giles is wrong in
considering Myzomyia leptomeres, Theob., as a synonym of ictus.

** Anopheles”’ subpictus, Grassi.
This species cannot be traced.

‘* Anopheles ’’ vincenti Laveran.

Evratum.—My ‘‘ correction’’ of Theobald’s quotation of date
and volume (1gor and lili) is an error, as both his references are
correct; yet in vol. v, 84, he perpetuates my previous error as
regards the volume by quoting xxiil.

‘* Sub-Family MEGARHININAE.”

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 218, figs. 184-185.
Dr. Leicester (Culic. Malaya, 48) is averse to the subdivi-
sion of this ‘‘ sub-family ’? of Theobald, and observes that though

1912.) E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Onental Culicidae. 435

the Culicidae may be divided into four sub-families, principally
on the comparative length of the palpi in the sexes, the division
is an arbitrary and not a natural one, and from his observations
I entirely agree with him. Blanchard (Moust., 218-219, figs. 184-
185) gives an extensive account of the characters of this group.

MEGARHINUS, Rob. Desv.

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 220, 221 (tab. of all spp.).
Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 128 (tab. of spp.):;
v, 96 (tab. of spp.).

N.B.—Theobald says (loc. cit., v, 95) the genus is not Orien-
tal, being only found in North and South America and the West
Indies.

M. amboinensis, Dol.
M. lewaldii, Ludlow.
M. minimus, Theob.
M. splendens, W.

The first two are definitely referred to Toxorhynchites, the
last two probably belong there also.

TOXORHYNCHITES, Theob.

Type of genus. T. brevipalpis, Theob., from Natal.
App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 59.

T. amboinensis, Dol. (Megarhinus).

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 266,07 @.

T. argenteotarsis, Ludlow, 1906.
Can Ent, sxseviitsi307 79.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 100, 2.

Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

Described from 5? ¢ from Margosatubig, Mindanao, Phil.
Is., June and July. Is near spectosus, Skuse, and marshalli, Theob.

T. gilesii, Theob.

Monog. Culic., 1, 227, % 2 ; note op. cit., V, 99.

Described originally as distinct, it was relegated to a syno-
nym of zmmisericors, but is reinstated.

Iocs.—Sikhim, Sylhet, 7-vi-05; 13-vii-o5 [Hall]; Calcutta,
Ceylon, Upper Burma, Singapore [/inlayson'.

436 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOLE. LV,

T. immisericors, Wlk.

App. ReF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 4, 9; v, 97.
Blanch., Moust., 230,07.

App. Locs.—Calcutta (Museum gardens and zoological gar-
dens), i, vi, vii, viii; Bhim Tal(W. Himal.), 19g—22-x-06 [all
Annandale] ; Aijal (3,600 ft.), Lushai Hills, 24-1v-04 ; Sylhet, 5-v-05 ;
Chittagong, 3-ix-08 ; Peradeniya, Ceylon (1,600 ft.), 24-xii-07, bota-
nical gardens, not uncommon, and Pundaluoya, Ceylon (4,000 ft.)
[Green and Bainbrigge Fletcher]; Andaman Is., 19-vi-08, 8-vii-08
[Ray White].

Also from Sikhim, Burma, Malacca, Trincomalee Hot Wells,
Macassar, Mysore, North Ceram, Waigiou.

N.B.—Theobald says that his figure of the pupa (Monog.
Culic., iii, 123, fig. 67) is not quite correct. He also describes
the 2 (Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 4), and says that the type (o) in the
British Mus. is in bad condition.

Mr. E. E. Green gives the life-history (with a plate) of this
species (Spol. Zeyl., ii, pt. viii, 159 to 164) (1905). He says the
larvae prey first on those of their own race before proceeding to
devour those of other species, and that he does not know of the
adult biting. Females were kept alive for eleven days on sliced
bananas.

Mr. C. A. Paiva gives a very interesting account of the habits
of the larva (Rec. Ind. Mus., v, 187) from personal observations
and experiments. It iscommon in the outskirts of Calcutta during
June and July in earthen pots. He finds that the larva will
devour that of any other species if present before attacking those
of its own kind, whereas Mr. E. E. Green thought it ate its own
species first. They are sluggish and remain at the surface of the
water, seizing other larvae as they come within reach. A curious
thing is that the larvae of other species actually attack the
immisericors larvae, seizing their abdominal bristles from behind.
Stegomyia fasctata the carrier of yellow fever is greedily devoured
by I. immisericors larva, which renders it a valuable ally in
destroying the former in the event of that disease being introduced
into India, the more so as the adult is not known to bite man.

N.B.—Megarhinus gilesit, Theob., and subultfer, Dol., to be
eliminated from synonymy, as both are now regarded as good
species belonging to Toxorhynchites.

T. inornatus, WIk.
App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 223,07 ?.
Type o 2 in British Museum.
Loc.—Papua.
T. javaensis, Theob., I9II.
Tijd: v. Enee lives233 90.

Java, aunique 2. Type in Amsterdam Museum.

1g12.] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Orvental Culicidae. 437

T. leicesteri, Theob.
Evratum.—1804 is given for 1904 in my catalogue, p. 325.
App. REF.—Theéob., Monog. Culic., iv, 142,72.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 59,7 2.

App. Locs.—Papua.

N.B.—Leicester says that the colours fade so much after
death as to make identification very difficult, and says the larvae
are found in bamboos.

T. lewaldii, Ludlow (Megarhinus).

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 139, (Miss Ludlow’s
description copied), adding ‘‘ may be a Toxorhynchites.”’
Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

N.B.—lWarvae taken on April Ist hatched on the roth.

T. metallicus, Leices.

Erratum.—In my catalogue correct metallica to metallicus.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 61,7 2.

N.B.—Leicester says it is bred from bamboo and also that in
the adult the colours fade quickly. ‘‘I have not taken the adult
of this mosquito; it is entirely sylvan and fairly widely distri-
buted in the Peninsula ”’ (Leicester).

Theobald also notes the rapid fading of colours after death,
especially in the abdominal bands of the? .

T. minimus, Theob. (Megarhinus).

App. REeF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 138, # (full descrip-
tion).

The author originally suggested it might be a Toxorhynchites,
and noted its small size.

Type in British Museum.

T.splendens, W. (Megarhinus).

App. Rrer.—Blanch., Moust., 225 (Megarhinus).

N.B.—I expect one of the more recently described species
will eventually prove to be synonymous with this.

T. subulifer, Dol., 1857.
Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xiv, 382 (Megarhinus).

Theob., Monog. Culic., 1, 242.

Amboina. For a time considered synonymous with ?7se-
vicors, in which case Doleschall’s name has the priority over
Walker’s.

438 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

TEROMYIA, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 49.

Leicester says in the above reference ‘‘ nov. gen.,’’ yet adds
‘“TIn Theobald’s Monograph it is stated that in members of this
genus there are no upright scales on the head.’

He adds, ‘“‘ Five species are here described, and they are all
apparently new species, though quasiferox may prove to be merely
a variety of M. ferox, or immisericors.’’

T. acaudata, Leices., 1908.
LOCsICi.5 49,012.

The examples from which this species was described were
obtained by Dr. Finlayson of Singapore, all of them being bred
from larvae found in pitcher plants in the neighbourhood of
Singapore. The author notes that the colours fade very con-
siderably after death.

T. ater, Daniels, 1908.

Studies from Instit for Medic. Research (Fed. Malay States),
lii, 205,07 2.

““ Notes on the Mosquitoes on the river and coast district
of the Eastern side of the Peninsula.’’

N.B.—This is issued as a succeeding paper to Dr. Leicester’s
elaborate Monograph on the ‘“‘ Culicidae of Malaya,’’ with con-
tinuous pagination.

Bred from larvae found in the pitcher plant Nepfenthes raffle-
stana, on the east coast of Pahang.

T. funestus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 58, o.

‘* Described from one @ bred from a pupa taken in a bamboo
jungle 6 miles from Kuala Lumpur. A very funereal looking mos-
quito ; some of the more beautiful colours are only seen with a
lens ’’ (Leicester).

T. magnificus, Leices., 1908.

Culic. Malaya, 54,7 2.

‘Bred from larvae obtained from the water collected in
living bamboos, which had been pierced by an insect borer, the
only entrance to the water being through the small hole thus
made.’’ Leicester compares his new species with splendens and
notes minor differences, but it must be remembered that at
the time Wiedemann wrote, the limited number of known species
made unnecessary the lengthy and detailed descriptions required
in the present state of our knowledge.

1912.] EE. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicrdae. 439

T. quasiferox, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 51,7 @.

It seems advisable here to quote the author.

‘“Mr. Theobald, to whom a specimen of this mosquito was
sent, suggests that it is probably Megarhinus imm¢sericors, first
described by Walker, and in his recently published vol. iti, he has
placed M. tmmisericors in the genus Toxorhynchites.

‘“* He does not seem to have described the female.

‘* Tf this is zmmisericors, I am at a loss to understand how it
can be placed in the genus Toxorhynchites, as the palpi are
distinctly five-jointed. As mentioned in the remarks on the
generic characters, I do not think the separation of Toxorhyn-
chites from Megarhinus is based merely on the palpi, though this
is the only character given by Theobald, but even on that ground
alone, this mosquito would be excluded. It now comes in
LTeromyia.’”’

Leicester adds that it probably breeds in the pitcher plant.

T. raris, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 56,¢.

‘* Described from a @ bred from a white larva taken in.
water collected in a bamboo in the jungle at Ula Klang.
It is a very distinct species ’’ (I,eicester).

Apparently rare and very near magntficus.

WORCESTERIA, Banks.

Theobald (Monog. Culic., v, 110) says this genus, erected on
minute difference in the palpi, is not valid and comes within reach

of Toxorhynchites.
Sub-Family CULICINAE.

App. Rrers.—Mr. Theobald (Monog. Culic., iv, 147) tabulates

3 genera, mentioning that others have been
subsequently described.

Blanchard (Moust., 231) gives the sub-family
characteristics. ,

Leicester (Culic. Malaya, 64) includes, after his
notes on the sub-family, a table of all the
known genera up to 1905, though many of
them had not then been found in Malaya.

Col. Alcock divides this sub-family, which he
designates Culicales, into groups of genera
(sub-genera, presumably) as follows: the
Culex, Stegomyia, Aedes, Uranotaenia, Psoro-
phora and Mucidus groups. Under these
respective headings are given in this cata-
logue the so-called ‘‘ genera’? embodied in
each.

440 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.L. IV,

MUCIDUS, Theob.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 69.

Col. Alcock includes under his ‘‘ genera of the Mucidus type ”’
Mansonia, Blanch., Mansonioides, Theob., Etorilepidomyia, Theob.
(is this the same as Eftorleptiomyta ?), Orthopodomyta, Theob.,
Aedimyia, Theob., Finlayia, Theob. He considers this group of
sub-genera or species links the Culicinae with the Anophelinac.

M. laniger, Wied. (Culex 7d.).

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 244, 2.
Type in Wiedemann’s collection.

M. mucidus, Karsch.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 69,7 2.

Redescribed by Leicester from a @ and 2? bred from larva
taken in marshy ground near a patch of jungle near Kuala
Lumpur.

Banks has recorded it from the Philippines.

M. scatophagoides, Theob.

App. REFr.—Blanch., Moust., 245, 2.

App. Loc.—Bauria, Bengal, 17-vili-o7 [Tyrie]; Damukdia
Ghat, E. Bengal, 22-viii-o7; Purnea, 5-viii-o7 [Paiva]; all in
Indian Museum.

Type in British Museum.

EKRINOMYIA, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 71.

The author says, “‘ between Culex and Mucidus, the larva
very near Megarhinus.”’

E. aureostriata, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 71,0 @.

Described from 4 ~~ and 3 2 2 taken as pupae ina small
hole in marshy ground at Klang.

BLANCHARDIOMYIA, mihi, nom. nov.

Syn.—Desvoidya, Blanch., preoccupied.
App. Rrer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 163 (table of the 4
known species).
Blanch., Moust., 265.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 74.

1912.]| KE. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Cultcidae. 441

N.B.—‘* Desvoidya”’ was a nom. nov. for Armigeres, Theob.,
practically preoccupied by Hartmann in 1840—1842 (Armiger) in
Mollusca. Ss

Moreover Desvoidia, Meade, Ent. Month. Mag., xxvill, 179
(1892), in Tachinidae antedates Blanchard’s genus, for which
1 propose the title Blanchardiomyia. I should consider it, with
other ‘‘ genera ” in this family, at most a sub-genus.

B. apicalis, Theob., Igto.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 5,2.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 143,2.

Described from a single perfect 2? from Balighai near Puri,
Orissa, taken by Dr. Annandale, 24-x-08. In the Indian Mu-
seum.

B. aureolineata, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 79, °.

‘“ A very distinct Desvoidya; described from a series bred
from larvae found in water collected in the shells of a fruit in
jungle at Ampang.” Leicester in a footnote says ‘‘ The descrip-
tion of the ~ will be found on the slip at the end under Addenda.”’
However, in my copy of his work there is no such slip.

B. fusca, Theob.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 78, 2 , near ‘‘ obturbans
and panalectros.”

App. Locs —Sylhet, March to June [Lt.-Col. Hall]; Wushai
Hills, Assam, August [Macleod]; Calcutta, May, and August to
December [all Indian Museum f¢. Theobald |.

Type in British Museum.

N.B.—In vol. v Theobald says that he previously erro-
neously placed this species as a variety of obturbans : in that
volume he considers it a good species.

He previously stated, ‘‘ all variations in colour between the
true obturbans of Walker, and the fusca of Theobald, seen in these
specimens, and hence the latter species is sunk as a variety.”’

B. joloensis, Ludlow.
Mr. Theobald (Monog. Culic., iv, 165) admits this as a good
species.
Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.
B. jugraensis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 77, 7 ¢.

‘‘ Larvae in bamboo in Ampang jungle, and water collected
in a fallen leaf in jungle at Jugra; also on the East Coast and

442 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoEatV,

elsewhere. I have received specimens from Borneo ’’ (Leicester).
Near obturbans, Wik.
B. obturbans, WIk.

Evvratum.—The reference to Walker’s Culex ventralis (synony-
mous with obturbans) should be Jour. Linn. Soc., iv, 91 (1860).

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 266,7 ?.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 75,07 2 (with notes on
varietal forms).

Locs.—Naini Tal [Gzles] ; Sylhet | Hal/] ; Lushai Hills, Assam ;
Madras [Cornwall|; Travancore [James]; Behar, Bengal [Green| ;
Mozufferpur, India; Selangor, 28-x-99 | Butler]; Singapore, 25-
viii-99 ; Perak [Wray]; Madulsima, Ceylon, 26-ix-07 [Green] ; Sema-
rang, Java, 1, il,-iii, 1904 and viii-o5 [Jacobson]; Waria Riv.,
Brit., Papua [Dr. Fleming Jones]; Amboina; Celebes; Mysol ;
Waigiou ; North Ceram ; Tinghai, Formosa; West lake, Hankow,
China, 28-viii-o7 [Cornford| ; Foochow [ Rennie].

Theobald (Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 4) gives the following data for
this species and “‘ varieties ” from specimens in the Indian Museum.

Sukna, I-viii-o8, in deep jungle, Kurseong, 5-vii-o8 [both
Annandale]; Calcutta, i, iii, vil, x, xii, Rajmahal, Bengal, 31-vii-07
| Hodgart] ; Trivandrum, 14-xi-08 [Annandale].

Taken by me in Calcutta, I11—25-iii-o8 ; 12-iv-08 ; 8-viii-07 ;
all in bedrooms ; Meerut, 25-iv-05 ; Batavia, 27-vi-06 to 9-vii-06.

Type in the British Museum.

N.B.—Mr. Theobald mentions this species being bred in a
tumbler of water in the Indian Museum by Mr. Tipper of the
Geological Survey of India. Miss Ludlow has recorded it from
the Philippines. It breeds freely in the flowers of Heliconia brasi-
hiensis. ‘‘ Bred from large larvae from under overhanging rock,
in a deep pool of a clear running stream.’’

B. panalectros, Giles.

(Armigeres panalectoros, Giles, in Theob., Monog., ii, 317.)

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 266, 7 (pamnalectros).

App. Loc.—Semarang, Java, vill-05.

N.B.—Theobald (Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 5) notes that the co-
type ‘‘ is nothing but an immature, large Culex fatigans, Wied.,
with distinct abdominal banding.’’

BREVIRHYNCHUS. Theob., 1908.
Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 293. Monog. Culic., v, 144.

B. annulipalpis, Theob., rgio.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 6,2. Monog. Culic., v, 148.

App. Loc.—Maddathorai, 16-xi-o8 [Annandale].
Described from a single perfect @ in the Indian Museum.
Theobald erroneously quotes 1903 as date of capture.

19i2.] EE. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 443

B. apicalis, Theob., rgro.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 7, 2. Monog. Culic., v, 149.

Described from a single @ in the Indian Museum collection
from Sylhet, 26-vii-05 [ Lt.-Col. Hall).

B. magnus, Theob., 1908.

Rec.-Ind.. Mus., 1i, 293, 7 9: iv, pl.i, wing, pl. iii, wing
scales. |
Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 145, 7 @, fig. 51 wing, 52 hea ,
side view of abdominal segments.
Types (one ~ and one @ only) in Indian Museum collection.
‘* A most marked and beautiful species ; easily told by the quaint
proboscis and abdominal markings ’’ (Theobald).
Locs.—Sylhet, May [Z¢.-Col. Hall]; Sukna, 1-vi1-08, in thick
jungle [Annandale]; Maddathorai, S. India, 17-xi-08 [ Annandale. |

QUASISTEGOMYIA, Theob., 1906.
2nd Rep. Gordon Coll. Well. Labs., p. 69.
Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 165.

Q. gardneri, Ludlow.

Removed here from Stegomyta by Theobald (Monog. Culic.,
iv, 170).

App. Locs.—Pampanga (Phil Is.) [Whitmore]: Mindoro,
Bulacao, Phil. Is.

N.B.—Miss Ludlow (Mosq. Phil. Is., 10) put this species in
Pseudostegomyia, admitting subsequently to Theobald that it was
a purely clerical error, intending it for Quasistegomyia.

Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

KINGIA, Theob., roro.
Monog. Culic., v, 135.
K. annandalei, Theob., rgro.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 10 (Stegomyia id.).

One 2 from Sukna (500 {t.), vii-o8 [Annandale].
Type in Indian Museum.

STEGOMYIA, Theob.

Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 170 (list known spp. I9),—I71
(table of spp.). :

444 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL TVs

App. Rrer.—Blanch., Moust., 247 (generic characters), fig. 194
(larva), p. 248 (table of species).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 81, with table of Malayan
species.
N.B.—Col. Alcock includes Brevirhynchus, Theob., and Har-
pagomyia, Theob., in his ‘‘ genera of the Stegomyia type.”

S. albipes, Theob., Igro.

RecsindyMuseAve Eh. oe
Monog. Culic., v, 169, @.
Described from a perfect @ in the Indian Museum taken by
Dr. Annandale at Maddathorai, 17-xi-08.

S. albolateralis, Theob.

Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 289, 2; iv, pl. i, wing, pl. iii, wing scales.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 179, fig. 67, wing.

Loc.—Sylhet, September [Hal/|; Lushai Hills, Assam, in
July.

Both in the Indian Museum, from five 2 ? in which collec-
tion the description was drawn up.

Type in Indian Museum.

S. amesii, Ludlow.

App. ReFr.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 191 (Miss Ludlow’s
description copied).

App. Locs.—Oras, Samar, Tacloban, Leyte, Twin Peaks,
Banquet Luzon [all t. Theobald].

N.B.—Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

S. annandalei, Theob., 1gto.
Rec. inds Mus: av. 105-2:

Described froma single perfect @ taken by Dr. Annandale
at Sukna, vii-o8. In Indian Museum. Near minutissvma.

S. annulirostris, Theob.

App. Re¥F.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 173.
Type in British Museum. From Peradeniya, Ceylon.

S. argenteomaculata, Theob., 1907.
Monog, Culic., iv, 184, 2

Described from two 2? @ (not in good condition). An easily
recognized species.

1912.) EE. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 445

Loc.—Narcondam Isles (Bay of Bengal), 80 miles from Anda-
mans and Nicobars ; taken by G. Rogers.
Type in the British Museum.

S. assamensis, Theob., 1908.

Rees Inds Mus: 11,290, 9 .

Monog. Culic., v, 174, 2.

Theobald says ‘‘ described from a single @,’’ in the Indian
Museum collection, but gives two localities, Sylhet [Hal/] and
Pallode, South India. The former is dated 13-iv-05, the other
one 15-x1-08 [Annandale].

Type in Indian Museum.

S. aurostriata, Banks, 1900.
Phil. Jour. Sci., i, 995.

No sex is given, either by Banks or Theobald, who (Monog.,
v, 181) recopies the description with the note that it is clearly a
distinct species.

Loc.—Negros Occidental, Phil. Is., Mt. Siya Siya, Canlaon
Volcano (760 metres), 24-vi-06.

Type in the entomological collection, Bureau of Science
Manila.

S. brevipalpis, Giles.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 264, 7 9.

N.B.—This author says the species is ‘“‘ Like a Simulium ;”’
which does not agree with Theobald’s expression ‘‘a_ typical
Culex.’’

S. crassipes, V. Wulp.
App. ReFr.—Blanch., Moust., 250, ?.

S. desmotes. Giles, 1904.
Journ: Trop; Med: vii, 367,49;

Received by Giles from ‘the Philippines: Theobald places it
doubtfully here.
Type in British Museum.

S. dissimilis, Leices, 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 91, 7 2.

Described from a series bred from water in the hollow of a
tree in Ampang jungle. Distinct from all other Stegomyias by the
gold-scaled mesonotum in the 7.

446 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOE. ahve

S. fasciata, F.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 85,0 9.

App. Locs.—Ceylon [Green]; Garvet, Java [Prof. Marlett],
Soekaboemi, Java; Celebes, Siam, Perak, Malay Ports, Papua,
Batavia.

It occurs in Calcutta in January, and from May to October (not
so common as scutellaris) ; Lucknow, November ; Purnea, August
[Paiva]; Lushai Hills [Macleod]; Puri, 18—19-i-09; Mandalay,
I2-iii-08 ; Rangoon, 25-ii-08, in house, biting by day ; common on
board ship, Bay of Bengal, between mouth of Hooghly River and
Rangoon, 22—23-ii-08. I have taken it in Calcutta, i, vi, vii,
viii, ix, in bedrooms and other places and in the hotel at Lucknow,
7-vili-05 ; Madras Town, 31-x-08 [Hodgart]; on board ship off
Coconada, 15-iv-08 [Paiva], and Bhim Tal (4,500 ft.) in September.

Miss Ludlow recordsit under the name calopus, M. (Mosq. Phil.
Is., 33), from a very long series of localities in the Philippines
where it occurs all the year round.

N.6.—Although Blanchard and Coquillett assume the syno-
nymy of calopus, Mg., Mr. Theobald doubts its identity with
fasciata, F. (Monog., iv, 177).

Owing to Villiers in 1789 adopting the specific name fascrata
for a Culex, Mr. Theobald fears a change in the name of this well-
known species may be necessary. Meigen described a fasctata in
1805, which Theobald adds as a synonym

Meigen’s calopus (1818) is next on the list, but its identity
with fasciata, F., appears uncertain. The next name identified
with the species is frater, Rob. Desv., and Theobald thinks that
this is the name that may have to be adopted.

However, as Villiers’s description is unintelligible, and the
type has long ago ceased to exist, he proposes to abolish Villier’s
species and retain the name fasciata, F., for this species. This,-as
he says, will save endless confusion.

Anyway if Villiers’s description is useless and his type des-
troyed, there is no reason to assume the species was not a true
Culex, in which case the question of synonymy drops. Moreover,
the Kertesz catalogue does not mention this species of Villiers
at all.

This species is the sole carrier of yellow fever.

Mr. Howard says ‘‘ we may expect to find this species every-
where in the moist tropical zone, or at all events, when intro-
duced at any point within the low moist tropics it may be
expected to establish itself.”’

In Malaysia the species seems to be confined to the ports.
Leicester notes that the larvae are found in bathroom tubs in
houses at Klang, Singapore, Penang, Pangkor-Haut and other
places. He notes the dense scaling on the clypeus, which, he says,
no previous writer has noted, and also mentions the variety
luctensis as occurring in Malaysia.

Should the identity of fasctata, F., with ‘calopus, Mg., be

1912. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culictdae. 447

proved, the species also occurs in South Europe, North, West
and East Africa, Madagascar, Palestine, Tahiti and New Caledonia.
Theobald records the typical form from Khartoum, the Nile,
Greece and Cyprus.

S. fusca, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 92,7 2.

‘¢ A small species bred from larvae from water in leaves of
an atap palm in mangrove swamp at Port Swettenham. Adult a
blood sucker, and common in jungle where atap palms occur ’
(Leicester).

S. gardneri, Ludlow.

Removed to Quasistegomyia by Theobald (Monog., iv, 170).

S. gracilis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 81, 7.

Larva found in water in bamboos. Adults numerous in
bamboo jungle.

S. imitator, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 89, 2.
“Described from 2 2 @ from jungle 5 miles from Kuala
Lumpur,’ which is apparently its only locality.
S. leucomeres, Giles, 1904.
Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 367, @.

Loc.—Phil. Is. Type in British Museum.

Banks records it from Pampanga, but Theobald says the
species is an uncertain one, the type being in bad condition, but
probably a Stegomyia.

S. mediopunctata, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 187, @.
Type in British Museum.

S. microptera, Giles.

App. RreF.—Blanch., Moust., 263.

This author adds ‘‘ N. W. Prov. India’’; in houses during
the rains ; at one time referred by Giles to Wyeomyia.

Theobald (Monog., v, 607, Appendix) says, ‘‘ Type appears
to be lost.’’

448 Records of the Indian Museum. hVOL AY.

S. minutissima, Theob., 1910.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 9, 2; v, 168, 2, fig. 61, wing.

N.B.—Though the o sign prefaces the description of the
species, apparently only the @ is known.
Type in Indian Museum.

S. nivea, Ludlow.

Referred to Scutomyia.

S. periskelata, Giles.

App. RreF.—Blanch., Moust., 264.

N.B.—Theobald says (Monog., v, 155) that he does not under-
stand this species, which is placed here provisionally. The type
is notin the British Museum. Further on (loc. cit., 607, App.) he
suggests that the name of the species should be dropped.

S. perplexa, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 83, 7 @.

Described from one ~ and several @ @ from jungle near
Kuala Lumpur in May, October and November. The autho:
seems uncertain of its true position in this genus as it has affinities
with Scutomyia, and he suggests it may be a hybrid.

S. pipersalata, Giles.

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 264,07 2.
Theobald (Monog., v, 607, App.) is doubtful if a
Stegomyia.

Type in British Museum.

S. pseudonivea, Theob.

App. ReF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 188, 2; v, 176, 0, fig.

64, head.
Type o in British Museum, type @ in Hungarian Museum

Four of each sex were taken by Lowis in the Andamans.
S. punctolateralis, Theob.
Type in British Museum.

S. scutellaris, W1k.

App. RreFr.—Blanch., Moust., 257,c.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 86,7 2.

I9I2.] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Cultcidae. 449

App. Loc.—Sylhet, April [Had/]; Lushai Hills, May to July
[Macleod]; Manipur, July [Gourlay|; Calcutta, March, July to
October, common during the hot weather in the rains, disappear
ing in winter, active by day; Katihar, N. Bengal, October
[Paiva]; Purnea, viii, ix [Paiva]; near Puri, x-0o8; Lucknow,
4-iv-05 [Brunetti] ; Sukna, I—2-vii-08 ; Mandalay, ii, iii-o8 ; Bhim
Tal, breeds in hollow trees in jungle, ix-o6; Trivandrum, 14-xi-08 ;
Maddathorai, 18-x-08 [all Annandale]; Madras Town, 30-x-08
[Hodgart]; Shahjahanpur [Giles]; Victoria gardens, Colombo,
26-iv-08 [Paiva]; Singapore, 21-vi-06 [Brunettt].

Sarawak, Papua generally, Upper Burma, Foochow, Hankow,
21—28-vi, Seychelles, Mauritius, Pitcairn Is., Honolulu.

All the above specimens identified by Theobald are in the
Indian Museum.

I have taken it in Calcutta as late in the year as I0-xi-04.

Type in the British Museum.

N.B.—The species breeds freely in the flowers of Heliconia
brasiliensis. Dr. Barker says that at Sarawak it is abundant in
the neighbouring thick undergrowth, but that it seldom enters
houses in the daytime, and not at all at night. Common in Cal-
cutta in hot weather and rains, disappears in winter. Is the most
abundant species in Mauritius.

Dr. Leicester notes in his description of the species, one or
two points not mentioned by Theobald, adding that the insect
breeds as freely in bath tubs as in the jungle.

Sub-species samarensis, Ludlow.

Theobold retains this (Monog., iv and v) as a variety of
scutellaris, Wlk., and disputes Banks’s suggestion that possibly
intergradations may occur between scutellaris and fasciata.

Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

““S. albopictus,’’ Skuse.

Definitely accepted as synonymous with scutellarts.

S. sexlineata, Theob.

Further corroboration of the identity of the Philippine Island
specimens received from Banks, with this species, described from
Trinidad.

Type in British Museum.

S. striocrura, Giles, 1904.

No sex is mentioned, the fype is not in the British Museum,
and Theobald is doubtful of its specific validity.

450 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voev ing

S. thomsoni, Theob.

App. Rer.—Monog. Culic., iv, 174.
From N. W. Prov. India. Tye in British Museum.

S. tripunctata, Theob., 1908.

Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 288, 2; iv, pl. i, wing, pl. iii,
wing scales; v, 182, fig. 68, wing.

Loc.—Lushai Hills, Assam, 6-vi-04 [| Macleod}.

N.B.—Described from two ? 92 , very near S. amesiz, Ludlow.
Type in Indian Museum.

S. w-alba, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 180, 2 , fig. 151 (head,
thorax, femur).

PSEUDOSKUSEA, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culie "iv. 192,07 o-
P. multiplex, Theob.

App. RreF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 192,0.
Removed here by Theobald from Skusea.
Type in Hungarian Museum.

P. nigrotarsis, Ludlow, 1908.
Cans Ets ext 52 aor

Loc.—Infanta, Tayabas (Phil. Is.), October, a unique speci-
men.

SKUSEA, Theob.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 416. °

In Monog., iv, 542, Theobald definitely places this genus in
Aedinae and retains it there in vol. v, but in view of possible
further alterations in the sequence of genera in this family, I
prefer to retain the order adopted in my previous catalogue, as
near as possible, merely for the sake of convenience.

Leicester (Culic. Malaya, 117) says, ‘‘ This genus was origin-
ally placed im the sub-family Aedeomyinae by Theobald in vol. iii
of his Monograph, and my genus Amauromyia!' exactly corres-
ponds to it, but in the Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 26 (1905), Theo-
bald has transferred Skusea to the Culicinae, as the 7 @ have
long palpi. ‘The genus is unrepresented in Malaya.’’

1 IT can find no reference to this genus.

IQI2. | E. BRuNneEtTt1: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 451

S. culiciformis, Theob.

App. REF.-—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 546, 2 , fig. 251 wing @.

S. diurna, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv,547, 2. The type was
bred by Dr. Durham in September.
Type in British Museum.

S. funerea, Theob., var. ornata, Theob.

App. Rer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 542, fig. 248 wing 2.
Type in Hungarian Museum.

S. mediofasciata, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 544, 0% 9 , fig. 249, wing 2 , 250,
@ genitalia, pl. vii, wing scales 2.
pl. ix, ¢ genitalia.
Syn. Pseudoskusea mediolineata, Ludlow (¢. Ludl., Can. Ent.,

xl, 332).
Loc.—-India [Christophers]. Described from I7 3 @ 2. Very

neat Skusea funerea, Theob. Miss Ludlow says it has been received
from the Philippines. Theobald does not give mediolineata as
synonymous with his medzofasciata in vol. v.

Type in British Museum.

S. pseudodiurna, Theob., 1g10.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 32, o.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 491, @.
A unique specimen ; in the Indian Museum, from Sukna, I-vii-

08 [Annandale]. Very near S. diurna.

S. pseudomediofasciata, Theob., 1gIo.
Monog. Culic., v, 489, 0.

From Peradeniya and Hakgala, Ceylon, iti and iv, 1907

[Green].
Type in British Museum.

S. uniformis, Theob., Igfo.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 33, 2.

Theob., Monog, Culic., v, 491, 2.
Type in the Indian Museum ; a unique specimen trom Pallode,

S. India, 15-xi-08 [Annandale }.

452 Records of the Indian Muscum. [Vox. IV,

SCUTOMYIA, Theob.

App. ReF.—Theobald, Monog. Culic., iv, 196, 197 (short
description and tabulation of the only known
five species).

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 105.

S. albolineata, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 197, 2.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 105,07 ?.
N.B.—Nothing is said by Theobald as to Giles’s species of
this name (vide my Catalogue, p. 336).
Type in British Museum.

S. nivea, Ludlow.

App. RErF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 87,7 2°.

Leicester described from a series of adults and some bred
from bamboo water in jungle. ‘‘ Entirely sylvan, although ap-
pearing in houses close to jungle, fairly common, and a_ vicious
biter.”

Type said to be in the Army Medical Museum, Washington,
but Theobald says (Monog., v, 203) it has been given by Miss
Ludlow to the British Museum.

S. notoscripta, Skuse.
App. REF.—-Theob., Monog. Culic., i, 286, @ , fig. 84 (wing
2), fig. 85 (wing scales); ili, 145.
Blanch, Moust., 257,0 ° .
App. Locs.—Muiria, Seleo, Berlinhafen, Friedrich-Wilhelms-
hafen (all Papua) and Ins. Graget [all locs. ¢. Biro].
“India” is given by Theobald as doubtful, although Giles
reports it from that country.
S. notoscripta, sub-species samarensis, Ludlow.

Also occurs at Kuranda, Queensland, taken by Dr. Bancroft.

S. sugens, W.
App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 256, 2.

LEICESTERIOMYIA, mihi, nom. noy.!

Syn. Chaetomyia, VWeices., Culic. Malaya, 100, 1908 (preoccu-
pied).

} The present name is suggested merely as a substitute for Chaetomyta, but
it must be understood that I do not consider it as of generic rank, any more than
the great majority of the so-called ‘‘ genera ’’ in this family.

Igi2. | E. BRuNE?Tt1: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 453

’

Near ‘‘ Desvotdya’
in bamboo water.

and Leicesterta ; purely sylvan, and breeds

N.B.—The generic name Chaetomyia being preoccupied in
Tachinidae by Brauer and Berganstamm,! I propose Leicesterio-
myia as a nomen noyum.

Gi flavas Leices. Fas:
Culiec. Malaya, 101,07 9.

Described from a series bred from larvae from bamboo water
and in cocoanut shells in jungle in Malaysia. Sylvan, a vicious
day biter.

DASYMYIA, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 102.

‘There is no mosquito this species could possibly be mis-
taken for,’ the author adding that it might be found to belong
to the Aedeomyina, and notes its affinity to Mimomyia.

D. fusca, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 102, 7 9.

Aco in jungle five miles from Kuala Lumpur, and a 9? in
bungalow at Bukit Kutu. Appears to have affinities with Stego-
mytia, Scutomyia, Uranotaenia, Etorleptiomyia and Mimomyra.

CONOPOMYIA, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 113.

Copious notes on this genus are given by this author, who is
uncertain where to place it, and as to whether it belongs to the
Culicinae or Aedeomyinae. I therefore leave it here where he
temporarily places it.

C. aurea, Leices., 1908.
LOG Cis EIG.. oF °9..

Described from one @ (taken in a bungalow in Kuala Lum-
pur) and one @ , in jungle at Raub.

C. hybrida, Leices., 1908.
Boer cu., 115, 7 2.

Described from a series. A @ from a bungalow in Kuala
Lumpur and other 7 #7 anda @ sent to Leicester by Dr. Finlay-
son of Singapore.

1 Denk. Ak. Wien., lviii, 311 (1892).

454 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

C. metallica, Leices., 1908.
LOC CHAAEET R= opOhs

Described from a series from larvae from marshy ground near
Kuala Lumpur and elsewhere.

PSEUDOCARROLLIA, ‘Theob , 1910.

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 12, near Carrollia, Lutz.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 186.

P. lophoventralis, Theob., 1gro.

Rec: Ind. Mus:5 ive-t3,.09 ¢. > Monog, Culie- v7 186..0"-

Described from a single perfect 2 taken by Mr. Paiva at
Purnea, Bengal, 6-viii-o7, resting on the under side of a leaf of a
lichi tree during the day.

Type in Indian Museum.

)

LEICESTERIA, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob.. Monog. Culic., iv, 201.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 94.

L. annulitarsis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya,99, 7 @.

Apparently sylvan and local in jungle 5 miles from Kuala
Lumpur ; quite a distinct species, a bamboo breeder ; only one ¢.

L. apicalis, Theob., 1908.

Rec. Ind. Mus., i, ZOL GOs ive epliel, wins,
pl. 111, wing scales.
Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 213, 7 2, fig. 86, wing.

Described from one ~ and two 2 2: ‘‘ two hatched from

larvae and one caught.” Lushai Hills, Assam (1,500 ft.), May
| Macleod}.

Types in Indian Museum.

L. cingulata, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 97, @.

Described from three @ 2 ‘(April and June), of which one
was bred from a larva from bamboo in jungle five miles from
Kuala Lumpur.

A vicious biter, but apparently very local.

1g12. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culictdae. 45

L. dolichocephala, Leices., 1908, em. mihi.
Culic. Malaya, 95, 7 ¢ (dolicocephala).

In jungle round Kuala Lumpur and at Bukit Kutu, probably
a bamboo breeder, a vicious biter in daytime and at sunset.

L. longipalpis, Leices., in Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 201, 7 9°.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 94, 7 2.
Types in British Museum.

HULECOETOMYIA, heob., 1907.

App. RreF.—Monog. Culic., iv, 220 (Hulecoeteomyia).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 107.

H. fluviatilis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, ili, a 9.

Very near jugraensis and frilineata, the larva, however, is
quite distinct. Probably rare, as it has only been found in one
locality, Ulu Gombak jungle, 13 miles from Kuala Lumpur.

H. jugraensis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 109, 7 2 [Helecoeicomyia td., lapsus).

Described from a series bred from water in fallen leaves in
jungle at Jugra. Very near H. trilineata, Leices., but the larvae are
quite different. J,eicester adds: *‘ the name ¢rilineata is an unfor-
tunate one, as there are really seven distinct lines on H. trilineata
whereas in H. jugraensis there are only three.’’

H. pseudotaeniata, Giles.

App. Rre¥F.—Blanch., Moust., 261, °@.
Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 222, describes o@ for
first time, fig. 89, wing, 90, head o@, gr,

genitalia o.

Ieicester says it will breed in small collections of rain water
near houses. Theobald (Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 291) mentions 3 7 @
and2 2? 2 ‘‘hatched 29-vili-o4’’ from Tungleh (? ) in the Lushai
Hills.

Also recorded from Dehra Dun by Thomson.

Banks records it from the Philippines.

H. trilineata, Leices., in Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 220, 7 °@.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 107, 7 @.

456 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. IV,

App. Loc.—Kurseong, 3-vii-o8 [Annandale]; Bukit Kutu
(May), Bamboo jungle 5 miles from Kuala Lumpur, April, May,
July, October, December; Ulu Gombak, 13 miles from Kuala
Lumpur (both ¢. Lezcester).

The slightly damaged types came from the former jungle.

Leicester says it is a very distinct species, a bamboo breeder,
not common, quite sylvan and a blood sucker.

PHAGOMYIA, Theob.
P. gubernatoris, Giles.

App. RreF.—Blanch., Moust., 261, 2 (Stegomyta).

HOWARDINA. Theob.
App. ReF.—Blanch., Moust., 415.

H. chrysolineata, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 218, 2, pl. i, wing scales, °.

A unique ? from Peradeniya, Ceylon [Green].
Type in British Museum.

H. greeni, Theob.

App. Rre¥F.—Blanch., Moust., 416.
Type in British Museum.

H. himalayana, Giles, 1904.
Journ. Trop. Med. (1904), 384, ¢@.

Loc.—Naini Tal {in August}, bred. Giles puts it doubtfully
here and Theobald states that Mr. Carter suggests, after examining
the type, that it would be better placed in Pseudohowardina.

PSEUDOHOWARDINA, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 223, 2.

P. chrysoscuta, Theob., 1907.
Op. ctt., v, 228, 2 , fig. 94, wing.

A unique specimen from Peradeniya, iv-07 [Green].
Type in British Museum.

CULICIOMYIA, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 227, 7 92, pl. ili, wing scales °.

LOuz: | KE. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 457

C. annulata, Theob., 1907.

Loc.—Kuching, Sarawak [Dr. barker|; taken in company
with C. inosnata, Theob. ‘‘ Looks like a small Culex piptens.’’
Type in British Museum.

C. annuloabdominalis, Theob., rgro.

Monog. Culic., v, 236, 7 @, fig. 102, head occiput, 103, head.
Loc. —Peradeniya and Hakgala, Ceylon, i and v-07 [Green].
Tvpe in British Museum.

C. ceylonica, Theob., 1907.
Op. ctt., 236, 7 @, fig. 70, wing, ¢.

Described from a perfect 7 and 2 from Peradeniya and
Maskeliya, Ceylon (February and April) [Greev].
Type in British Museum.

C. inornata, Theob., 1907.
%

Loc. cit., 227, 7 2, fig. 61, head scales, 62, wing ? , 63, 7

genitals.

1oc.—Kuching, Sarawak | Dy. Barker|, in a house, November.
Type in British Museum.

N.B.—Miss Ludlow records it from the Philippines (Can.
Bit. -xli, Oi):

C. minutissima, Theob., 1907.
EGCACi.; 235.02"

Lovc.—Peradeniya, Ceylon, February [Green].
Tvpe in British Museum.

. . s -
C. nigerrima, Theob., 1gto.
Monog. Culic., v, 233, @ , fig. 100, wing.

A pertect unique specimen from Trincomalee, Ceylon, taken
October 1907 by Green.
Type in British Museum.

C. ‘pulla, Theob.

App. REr.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 232, fig. 66, head
scales.

Removed here from Culex.

Type in British Museum.

458 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL aie

NEOMACLEAYA, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 238, °.

N. indica, Theob., 1907.
Loe "cits, 238) 42%

Loc.—India [Christophers]. ‘* At first sight resembles Skusea
funerea Theob.’’ Philippines [¢. Ludlow]. Woodlands, Cevlon,
Q-x-07.

Type in British Museum.

Var. simplex, Theob.

Reéc: Ind’ Mus. 2017 "9":
Loc.—Sylhet, June [Hall]. A single @. Type in Indian
Museum.

DANIELSIA, Theob.

App. REF.—-Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 240.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 117.
N.b.—It may be noted that there is a Daniela, Koch, 1891,
in Coelenterata.

D. albotaeniata, Leices., in Theob.

App. REF.—Theob.,: Monog. Culic:, iv, 241, + 9. fg. 72
(cephalic and scutellar adornment).
Weices, (Culics Malaya 117,507 12

Leicester describes it in the above work from a series bred
from larvae from bamboo water. Sylvan, a vicious day biter.

LEPIDOTOMYIA, Theob., 1905

REFs.—Gen. Insect., Fasc., 26, p. 22.

Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 249.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 132.

Ervratum.—Delete line 3, p. 339 of my Catalogue.

N.B.—‘* An error has occurred here. The Lefidotomyza ot
Theobald, in his paper on the Hungarian Museum Culicidae, re-
ferred to the genus Reedomyia, Ludlow, to which the species
Lepidotomyia alboscutellata Theob., belongs. The true Lepidotomyza
contains only one species, magna Theob., and comes very near
Danielsta’’ (Theobald).

Leicester, however, in his Culicidae of Malaya (p. 132) retains
alboscutellata in Lepidotomyia without comment.

Type in British Museum.

1912.] E. BRuNET?II: Catalogue of Ortental Culicidae. 459

L. magna, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 250, 7 @?.

Described from two perfect specimens ; a true Lepidotomyza.
Recorded from Bombay, I9-viii-o2, by James. Tye in British
Museum.

L. taeniata, Leices., 1908.
Culic: Malaya, 133, 07:2.

Described from a large series bred from larvae taken in water
collected in ruts in a jungle waggon track. ‘The only time this
author has seen the larvae.

THEOBALDIA, Nev. Lemaire.

Theobaldinella, Blanch., 1905, Moust , 390, nom. nov. (gen.
chars. given).

N.B.—Blanchard changed the name from Theobaldia to Theo-
baldinella on account of Theobaldius of Neville in Mollusca ; but
Mr. Theobald retains the spelling as originally written. which in
accordance with zoological ruJes is permissible.

T. annulata, Schrk.
Beitr. zur. Naturgesch.. 97 (1776).

App. REF.—Culex annulatus, Blanch., Moust.. 280. 7 @,
fig. 206, ungues and genitalia, fig. 207, adult larva.

Apparently a hill species. lanchard records it from 4,000 ft.

(Brianon, France), also from 8,000 feet in Mexico (Durango
State).

T. spathipalpis, Rond.

App. Rrer.—Theob., Monog. Culic , iv, 276 (larva described).
Blanch., Moust., 283, 7 @ , fig. 209. ungues and
genitals.

N.6.—-Blanchard says that Ficalbi thinks the adult does not
bite, but lives on plant juices. The larva has been found during
winter { ? in Sardinia). Blanchard thinks it may carry ‘‘ undulat-
ing’’ fever in Malta, adding that, at least in Gibraltar, where it
abounds, it is infested by a microbe closely resembling Micrococcus
melitensis.

PECOMYIA, Theob.

Geitonomyia, Leices., 1908, Culic. Malaya, 134.

P. caeca, Theob. (Culex td.).

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 305, 2 (Culex id.),
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 135, 7 9 (Geitonomyia id.)
App. Locs.—-Fed. Malay States (Ipoh-Parak}, Philippines

460 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VorE.-Dvs

N.B.—Re-described by Leicester from a series bred from
larvae in water in pools and waggon tracks at Ulu Klang near
Kuala Lumpur.

‘** As the scutellar scaling and the palpi are quite distinct from
those of a Culex, I have no hesitation in placing this mosquito in
a separate genus ” (Leicester) However, Leicester had probably
overlooked Theobald’s genus Pecomyza, to which the latter author
referred this species (Monog. Culic., iv, 268, fig. 86, wing 2. pl. i,
wing scales @ }).

Tvpe in British Museum.

P. maculata, Theob.

App. RrEF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 266, 7 2; figs. 82,
83, 84, 2 wings.
Type in British Museum.

PARDOMYIA, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 280.

P. aurantia, Theob., 1907.
DL OCNCUiaS 2005 Or

Loc. —Kuching (Sarawak), November [Dr. Barker]. Received
also from Kuala Lumpur. TJ ve in British Museum.

P. quadripunctis, Ludlow.

No reference to the description of this species is given, of
which Theobald (Monog., v, 608) copies the original description
It is from Parang, Mindanao (Phil. Is.}, Oct. 26.

PSEUDOGRAHAMIA, Theob.
P. aureoventer, Theob., 1910.
Rec dndyMus iv 270 oS
Monog. Culic., v, 551, 2.

A unique ¢ , at present in the British Museum.
Pallode (Travancore. S. India), 16-xi-08 [Annandale |.

PSEUDOGRABHAMIA, Theob.
P. maculata, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob:, Monog. Culic:, iv, 314, @ 2%, fig. 10g
wing @.
Id., Journ..<Bom. Nat: Bist..90¢:, xvi, 2447075 2

Igi2.] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 461

App. Loc.—Madras Town, 30-x-o08 [Hodgart, Ind. Mus.].
Type in British Museum.

GRABHAMIA, Theob.

App. RE¥F.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 284 (list of known
sp.), 285 (table of leg bands).
Blanen..)Moust.,. 396, oc 9.

N.B.—Feltidia, a genus by Dr. Dyar, for some American
species, is an absolute synonym of Grabhamia, being founded on
jamaciensis, the very species which is the type of Grabhamia.

G. ambigua, Theob.

Type in British Museum.

G. ochracea, Theob.

App. Rt¥r.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 300.
Described from two perfect 2? @.
Type in British Museum.

G. spenceri, Theob.

7 ype in British Museum.

G. sollicitans, WIk.

App. RreF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 291 (life-history notes),
figs. 97-98 (larval characters}.

N.B.—As in that work Mr. Theobald makes no further men-
tion of the Formosan example, on which the species was intro-
duced into my Catalogue, it should be, pro fem., eliminated from
the list of Oriental species.

G. taeniarostris, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 299, 2.

Loc.—Peradeniya, January [Green |.

Type in British Museum.

CULICADA, Felt., 1904.
Mosq. of New York State, App. p. 39Ib.

Theob., Journ. Econ, Biol. (1905), i, 26
Id., Monog. Culic., iv, 318.

462 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOEAEV,

C. eruthrosops, Theob., 1910.
Monog. Culic., v, 299, 2 , fig. 140, wing.

Trincomalee, Ceylon, xi, 1900.
7 vpe in British Museum.

C. minuta, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 338, 2.

Loc.—India [Christophers|. Described from a perfect ?.
Type in British Museum.

C. suknaensis, Theob., 1910.
RecInd. Mus., ‘vi;21, 12).

Monog. Culic., v, 297, @ , fig. 139, wing.

Described from four perfect 2 @ from Sukna, I—2-vii-o08
[Annandale|. Near C. ntpponit, Theob. The specimens were
taken in dense jungle. and bit during the day.

Type in Indian Museum.

THEOBALDIOMYIA, mihi, nom. nov.

Syn. Leucomyta, Theob., 1907, Monog. Culic., iv, 372, pl. ix,
y genitalia.
Type of genus (=sub-genus ¢t. miht), Culex gelidus, Theob.
N.B.—Leucomyia is preoccupied in 1892 by Brauer and
Bergenstamm in Sarcophaginae (Denk. Ak. Wien., lviii, 368).
I therefore propose the name Theobaldiomyia, with the view that
the group represents, at most, a sub-genus

T. argentea, Ludlow.

Taentorhynchus argenteus, Ludlow.
Td. rd., Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 487, 9
‘copies Miss Ludlow’s descr.}; v, 426, fig. Ig1, wing.
Described from several taken by Dr. Whitmore in September
at Angeles (Pampanga, Phil. Is.).
Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

N.B.—In vol. v ‘Theobald says that Miss Ludlow informs
him that it is a Leucomyra.

T. gelidus, Theob. (Leucomyia).

App. Rrer.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 147, 7 @ |Leucomyia].

App. Locs.—Calcutta, August; Calcutta, 6-x-o04 [ Brunett7] ;
Rajshahi, E. Bengal, 1—6-ii-o7; Rangoon, 25-ii-08 ; Travancore
and Cochin States, xi-o8 [Annandale]; Purnea, ix-x [Paiva];

1912. | E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 463

Madras Town, 30—31-x-08 [Hodgart|; Maskeliya, Ceylon (April)
[Green].

N.B.—Leicester re-describes the @ from a long series bred
from pools and taken in bungalows at Kuala Lumpur. He notes
that Theobald classes this species with those with an unbanded
proboscis instead of with the banded ones. He says the o has
not before been described, but Theobald did so at the time of
establishing Leucomyia.

Type in British Museum.

T. gelidus, var. bipunctata, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 374, 7 (Leucomyta id. 1d.}.
Loc.—India [Mai. Aldrich]; Sarawak [Dr. Barker}.

T. gelidus, var. cuneata, Theob.

Evratum.-—My reference to the original description of this form
is incorrect, as it should be, Theob., 1901, Monog. Culic., ii, 22.

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 316, @.

App. Locs.—Balighai, near Puri, 23-x-08, at light; Calcutta,
Aug. to Dec., ‘‘ not uncommon in houses and at light, and in the
open, on shrubs and in railway carriages; Travancore State, 5
and 19-xi-08 [all A nnandale| ; Calcutta, 6-x-04 [ Brunetti|; Katihar,
Bhogaon, ix, x; Purnea, viii, x [Paiva]; Sylhet (May) [Hal/]; and
between Bolpore and Rampore Haut, Bengal, in August in railway
carriage [Paiva]; western base of W. Ghats, Travancore, 19-xi-08
[Annandale|; Malabar, 4-xi-o8 [Annandale]; Madras, 30-x-08 ;
Pangasinan (Ph. Is.).

T. sinensis, Theob.

(L gelhida, var. sinensis, Theob.).

Theobald (Rec Ind. Mus., iv, 20) raises this variety to
specific rank, and adds the locality Balighai, near Puri, 23-x-08,
at light [ Annandale}.

T. (2?) whitmorei, Giles.

See Taeniorhynchus, td.

LOPHOCERATOMYIA. Theob.
App. Rer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 471 (generic notes).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 119.
L. bicornuta, Theob., gto.
Rec. Ind. Mus... iv, 25.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 412, o, fig. 178 antennal organs,
179 wing, 180 genitalia, 181 head, 182 antennal organs in profile.

464 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOLSGEV,
Type in Indian Museum. A single (dissected) male from
Kawkareik, base of Dawna Hills, 4-i1i-08 [Annandale].

Closely related to fraudatrix, Theob.

L. brevipalpis, Theob.

Monog. Culic., iv, 477, @, fig. 12 @ proboscis, palpus, basal

antennal segment, antennal organs, ungues.
App. REF.—Leices. Culic. Malaya, 129 (copies Theobald’s des-

cription, as h> has not seen the species in Malaysia).

L. eminentia, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 131, o.
Described from a single ~ from jungle near Kuala Lumpur.
‘Very distinct and easily recognised.’

L. fraudatrix, Theob.

or fig. 208

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 474, oN
palpi, 209 wing @ , 210 antennal organs o~, 211 wings o,

Type in Hungarian Museum.

L. mammilifer, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 128, o& @.

Described from a series of o” o™ and one ? bred from larvae

from pools in jungle near Kuala Lumpur and at Raub.
A somewhat distinct species, according to the author.

L. minor, Leices., 1908.
OG Cia T2ZONI HN?
Described froma series bred from bamboo water. Sylvan,

and the smallest of the Ma'ayan species, and dull coloured.

I. niger, eices.,. 1906,
LOC ICU AZ 2 as
Described from a series from larvae from ponds at Kuala
Lumpur.
L. rubithoracis, Leices., 1908.
LOcecti 5 STEOR ae: 12%,

Described from a series from ponds in Kuala Iumpur.
Easily known by its brilliant red thorax,

1912. | E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Cultcidae. 465

L. sylvestris, Leices., 1908.
POCNClE 25. (Qe.

Bred from larvae from still ponds in Malayan jungle.

L. taeniata, Leices., 1908.
TOG: CU X27 Agen:

._ Bred from larvae from ponds in the open near Kuala Lumpur
and Klang. A very distinct species.

L. uniformis, Theob.

App. REeF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 473, @ 9.
Id., Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., xvi, 245.
Type in British Museum.

L. variata, Leices., 1908.
Culic)Malaya.a2r. 0 9.

Described from a large series bred from larvae mostly found
in small ponds and puddles in swamps and ponds.

RADIOCULEX, Theob., 1908.

Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 295.
Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 192.

R. clavipalpus, Theob., 1908.

Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 295, 7 2, iv, pl. i, wing, pl. 11, head.

iheob:, -Monoge. Culic:, v, 193, 'o 2.

Loc.—Calcutta, Nov. and Dec. ; and onein July ; Berhampur
(Murshidabad Distr.}, Bengal, 1-i-o8 jl/oyd|; Katihar, 4—5-x-08
[Paiva]; Rangoon, 25-ii-o8 [A nnandale|; Vaikam Coast of Travan-
core State, 5-xi-08 [ Annandale}. Common inbrushwood in the cold
weather in Calcutta.

N.B.—‘‘ Described from a long series, some taken at light,

. the marked black shiny thorax with the clear-cut yellow

area on it, and the quaint marginal cell will at once identify it”
(Theob.).

Tvpe in Indian Museum, co-types in British Museum,

CULEX, L.

For sub-division of even the restricted genus Culex, wide
Theobald (Monog. Culic., iv, 387). Blanchard divides the genus
into nine sections (Moust., 269) and arranges the groups of species
in further analytical tables, one for each section, incorporating

466 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

the specific descriptions in the tables. - Theobald (vol. v) admits
nearly 200.

Leicester also (Culic. Malaya, 138) divides the Malayan species
into groups, in an analytical table.

C. albolineatus, Giles.

7 vpe in British Museum.

C. albopleura, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 456, 2.

Loc.—India [Christophers}. Described from a perfect unique
specimen.
Tvpe in British Museum.

C. albus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 148, @.

One 2 from a bungalow at Kuala Lumpur.

Calis; Theobs, 1903.
Monog. Culic., iit
Loc.—Christmas Island.

N.B.—Described from a series bred by Dr. Durham from
larvae from salt pools. Miss Ludlow says it occurs in the Philip-
pines.

Type in British Museum.

1 Oba iieetregh Neigh

C. angulatus, Theob. (angulata emend.).

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 362, @.

C. annuliferus, Ludlow.

See /udlowi, Blanch., nom. nov., annuliferus being pre-
occupied.

C. annulioris, Theob., ror.
Monog: Culiesi1; 371,.-2%.
N.B.—Described froma single @ from Mashonaland, but it
has since been found to occur in the Philippines.
C. annulus, Theob.

App. RreF.—Blanch., Moust., 293, 2 .

Leices., Culic. Malaya (reproduces Theobald’s description of
thei"),

IgI2. | E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 467

C. arabiensis, Patton, 1905.
Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., xvi, 633, 7 2.

In the crater, Aden.

N.B.—Not, correctly speaking, within the Oriental Region,
but included because I included Patton’s species from Arabia in
my Catalogue.

C. argentinotus, Banks, IgIo.
Phil. }outneocl,, 1V,.547, 2.2.

Loc.—Rizal (Phil. Is.). Types 7 2 (No. 11,460) in the ento-
mological collection, Bureau of Science, Manila.

L. auratus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 153, 2.

One of the largest species of Culex; a vicious biter ; some
affinity with C. occidentalis and C. flavifrons.

C. aureostriatus, Dol.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 310 @.
ce

N.B.—Blanchard gives Tokio as well as Amboina, in
houses ”’ as localities, but the species is not included as Japanese
in the recent Palaearctic catalogue. Theobald in his last volume
stili retains it doubtfully in Culex.

Cy biro:, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 390, 7 9%, fig. 165,
wing o, 164, wing 92.

Described from 3 7 @ and3 2 @. Tyfein the Hungarian
Museum.

Gcaecus, Iheopb:

Type in British Museum.

C. cantans, Meig.
Erratum.—Delete my note about C. maculatus, Mg., in my
Catalogue.
C. christophersi, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 453, 7 @.

Loc.—India [Christophers]. Described from rt @ and several
aeor
Type in British Museum.

468 Kecoras of the Indian Museum. [Vou. IV,

C. concolor, R. Desv.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 365, 7 9.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 154, 7 9.

App. Locs.—Sylhet, ii, iv, v, xi [Hall]; Manipur, viii
[Gourlay|; Calcutta, I-viii-o7; 6-x-04; 4-xi-o6 [all Brunetti];
ili, vi, vil, vili, ix, x, xi; Port Canning; Purnea, 4—6-viii-07
[Pawa]; Damukdia Ghat (N. Bengal), vii; Lucknow, 4-ix-05
Brunetti]; Kulattupuzha (Travancore), Ig-xi-o8, in bungalows
[Annandale]; Samarang [Jacobson]; Phrapatoon, Siam, viii-o6
{Woolley}; Andaman Is. [Ray White]; also in the Straits, Burma,
and China.

Leicester says, ‘‘ Fairly abundant in Malay Peninsula, very
variable, larvae in stagnant pools, stable tanks or drainage.”

Theobald observes that Giles erroneously refers it (‘‘ Journ.
Trop. Med.,’’ 1904, p. 383) to Taeniorhynchus.

C, fatigans, W.

App. Syn.-—Desvotdea panalectros, Giles; ¢.. Theob., Rec.
Ind. Mus., iv, 5.

ADD. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, pl. xvi (larval chars.).

Blanch., Moust., 353, 7 2, fig. 230 @ 92 (as pungens),
231 2,232 head o» @ (anxifer), 233 adult larva and
nymph (pungens), 234 head of larva above and below
(pungens).

Leices.,, Culic: Malaya, 157,10 (2).

App. Locs.—In the Rec. Ind. Mus. (ii, 298) Theobald gives a
long list of dates and localities from specimens in the Indian
Museum collection, and adds a further list in Rec. Ind. Mus.,
IV LZ:

Between the two reports nearly all parts of India are repre-
sented by this common species, with specimens from Nepal, Man-
dalay, Rangoon, Moulmein, Manipur; Soerabaya, Java, 16—25-
vii-06 [Brunetti|, Manila, 10—16-iii-06 [Brunetti], and at sea be-
tween the mouth of the Hooghly River and Rangoon, 22—~23-11-08
[Annandale].

Personally, I have taken it in Calcutta in February, March,
April, July, October, November and December ; Meerut 25-iv-05
(common in bedroom), Lucknow 7-vill-05, 4-ix 05, 2-xil-04, in bed-
rooms and at the old Residency, Agra 28-iii-o5, Rangoon 24-x1i-04
to 3-105 ‘common in bedroom), 9-ii-06, Penang 3—S-viti-06,
Singapore 2I-vi-06, Batavia 27-vi and 9-vii-06, Soerabaya 16—25-
vii-o6 common, Shanghai 16—25-vii-o6, where it was literally
swarming in a ditch in front of a hedge facing the west ; Hankow
22~-206-iv-06, Manila 10—1r16-iii-o6. Nearly all the specimens are
in inferior condition, and were named by Mr. Theobald.

Theobald in his 5th volume adds the following localities :—

Phrapatocn, Siam, 1018-1; 19-iii; 30-xil-07; viii and xi-06
[Dr. Woolley]; Sarawak. Outside the East it has a very wide
range, Japan, Natal, Mombasa, Pemba Is. (E. Africa) ; Zanzibar,

IgI2.| E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 469

Soudan, Egypt, British Central Africa, Senegambia, Mauritius,
Seychelles, Australia, Fiji, and the southern part of North America.

N.B.—-Both Theobald and Blanchard consider the species iden-
tical with pungens, W., and this latter name being given first by
Wiedemann, although on the same page, should perhaps be
adopted. Inthe absence of absolute certainty of identification and
on account of the confusion that would be caused by the change,
neither author adopts pungens. It is doubtful if the type of
pungens still exists in any state sufficiently good to decide so close
a point of identity.

Moreover, my own personal opinion, not as a culicidologist
but as being fairly intimate with the magnificent work done by
Wiedemann, is that that author must have had two distinct
species before him, for he certainly would not have regarded such
minute differences as specific, as are to-day delighted in by the
workers in Culicidae.

In a paper just published by Mr. F. W. Edwards! fatigans,
W., is sunk (with some species of Theobald’s) as a synonym of
pipiens, Ll. If the two are identical it is very strange no previous
author has ascertained it.

The species carries Filariasis.

Miss Ludlow’s tables show that it is common in all parts of
the Philippines all the year round.

Leicester says it occurs in houses all over the Malay Peninsula,
the larva breeding in any small collection of water near houses.

C, fatigans, var. trilineatus, Theob.

Admitted as a good species.

C, foochowensis, Theob.
App. Rrer.—Blanch., Moust., 344, # 2 (fouchowensts).
Type in British Museum.
C. fragilis, Ludlow.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 424, 7 2.
App. Locs.—Oras (Samar, Phil. Is.}, Aug. 6th [¢. Ludlow].

N.B.—Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

C. fuscanus, Wied.

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 275.

C. fuscocephalus, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 420, 9.

Loc.—Peradeniya, March and September [Green]; Hakgala,
Ceylon, 5-xi-07 (Green) ; Pallode, 15-xi-o8 [Annandale |.

! Bulletin of Entomological Research, ii, 262 (Oct. 1911).

470 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voz. IV,

Described from 2 @ @.
Type in British Museum.

C. graminis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 158, @ 9.

Described from a large series from larvae from open bamboo
in jungle ; sylvan species.

C. gnophodes, Theob.

App. REF.—Leicester copies Theobald’s description, ? .
Type in British Museum.

C. halifaxii, Theob., 1903.

Placed with uncertainty here, only one specimen known
(Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 350). Tvpe in British Museum.

C. hirsuteron, Theob.

Type in British Museum.

C. impellens, Wk.

ADD. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 294, @.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 142 (copies Theobald’s
description).

App. Locs.—-A long list from specimens in the Indian Museum
(Theob., Monog. Culic.,iv, 15). Thaumaspur, Nepal, 1o—14-ii-08,
Sukwani, 15—16-1i-08 ; Moulmein, Peb.; Mandalay, 11—12-iii-08 ;
Rangoon, 24—25-1i-08 ; Lucknow, 21-iv-07 [all three Annandale] ;
Chittagong, 26-vii-08 [Hall]. Sukna, in deep jungle; Puri, x-o8,
common; Port Canning, 9-x-08, also several localities in Travan-
core and Cochin States collected 4—25-xi-08, all taken by Dr.
Annandale.

Calcutta, I-ili-vi to ix; on board ship 5 miles off Alleppey,
Malabar Coast, 4-v-08 [Paiva]. Also taken by me in Calcutta
(bedroom), I-iv-08; 10-11-07, June, July: Lucknow, 7-viii-05 ;
Rangoon, 24-xii-94 to 3-1-05, and Batavia, 27-vi-06 to 9-vii-06.

C. imprimens, WIk.
App. ReF.—Blanch., Moust., 306.
Type (remnant) in British Museum.
C. infula, Theob.

ADD. ReF.—Blanch., Moust., 298, ?.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 146 (copies Theobald’s
description).
Type in British Museum.

1912. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 471

C. japonicus, Theob.

Theobald (in vol. v, 391) admits this species from Tokio and
Ceylon, making the latter a distinct variety which he terms ceylon-
ica. The types of both forms are in the British Museum. He
places ceylonica doubtfully in Culex, eliminates aureostriatus. Dol.,
from the synonymy, placing the latter separately and doubtfully

in Culex.
C. longifurcatus, Theob.

See pseudolongifurcatus, Theob., nom. nov.

C. longipalpis, V. Wulp.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 318, @.
N.B.—This author correctly notes that although Van der
Wulp says the palpi have only two joints, that author shows four

in his figure.
C. longipes, Theob.

See macropus, Blanch., nom. nov.

C, loricatus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, I51, @.

One ¢ taken in bungalow at Kuala Lumpur. Very distinct.

C. ludlowi, Blanch., nom. nov.

Syn. C. annuliferus, Ludlow, 1903 (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,

it, FAT),
App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 388, 7 @.
App. Loc.—Mangarin and Dagupan (Phil. Is.), Feb. to April.

N.B.—The species was described from 234 7 o@ and 28 @ 9.
but many were in bad condition. Blanchard renames the species,
annuliferus being preoccupied by Em. Blanchard in 1852 for a
species from Chili.

C. luteola, Theob., rgro.
Monog. Culic., v, 378, ¢.
Peradeniya, x-1900. A single perfect 2, in the British
Museum. A very distinct species.
C. luteolateralis, Theob.

The genus Bankstella, Theob., is established for this species,

472 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou IV,

C. macropus, Blanch., nom. nov. (1905).
Comp. Rend., lili, 1045.

Blanch., Moust., 327.
For longipes, Theob., preoccupied.
Type in British Museum, a unique specimen from Singapore.

C. mediolineatus, Theob.

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 369, 2.
Type in British Museum.

C. microannulatus, Theob.

App. Syn.—C. volandi, D’Emm. de Ch., Ann. Trop. Med. et
Par., ii, No. 3, 259 [1908].

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 292, 7 @.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 140, ~7 9.

App. Locs. —Calcutta, July to November, common; Purnea,
August ; Gopkuda Is., Lake Chilka, August ; Sylhet, i, ii, iv, v,
xi, xii; between Bolpore and Rampore Haut, Bengal, August, in
railway carriage [all ¢. Theob. in Ind. Mus.}.

N.B.—Weicester describes it from a series sent him by Dr.
Finlayson from Singapore, mostly taken in houses. I have only
taken it once, in Calcutta, I—10-viii-o8. Green has taken it at
Trincomalee and Hakgala, Ceylon, 24-viii to 9-ix-o7. It occurs
in Mauritius.

Type in British Museum.

C. mimeticus, Noé.

App. RreF.—Blanch., Moust., 271, 7 @.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 139, 7 2.

App. Loc.—Lushai Hills, r-vi-o4, one 2 [Macleod]; Theog,
Simla district, 2-v-o7, one @ [Annandale]; Thaumaspur, Nepal,
18—20-ii-08, one @ ; Peradeniya, 17-ix-07 [Green].

N.B.—Weicester says he describes the o for the first time,
but this is not so. He says it occurs in any roadside pool or
marshy ground. Blanchard notes its occurrence in Italy and
Palestine, also Malacca.

C. minimus, Leices., 1908.

Culic. Malaya, 160, 7 @.

Described from a series bred trom larvae from mud holes full
of water, in swampy ground in Kuala Lumpur.

16124 E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 473.

C. minor, Theob., 1908. .
Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 298, 7 9? ; iv, pl. 1, wing.

Monog. Culic., v, 363, ¢ 2, fig. 150, wing. {
App. Locs.—Sylhet [Hall]: Lushai Hills. June, July [Mac-
leod|; Calcutta, December [ Annandale].

N.B.—Described from 3 ¢ @ and 2 9 @ in the Ind. Mus.
coll. ‘A very small obscure species, easily told by its unbanded
abdomen.’’

Type in Indian Museum.

C. multimaculosus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 155, 7 2

Described partly from jungle examples and partly from larvae
from roadside ditches.

C. nigricephalus, Leices., 1908 (emend. mihi).
Culic. Malaya, 149, 7 @ (nigricephala).

Bred from paddy swamps near Batu Gajah by Dr. Daniels.

C. pallidostriatus, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 410, o 9, fig. 175, wing o.

Loc.—Peradeniya, December [Green]; India [Christophers.
Described from 2 7 @ anda @°.
Type in British Museum.

C. pallidothorax, Theob.

EKmend. by Theob. in Monog., iv, 446, from pallidithorax.
ADD. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 446, 7 @
‘* Something like C. fatigans, Wied.’’
Type in British Museum.

C. parascelos, Theob., tgro,

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 18, @.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 379.

Described from 2 ¢ 2? from Madras Town, 30-x-08 [Hodgart].
A very marked species.

Type in Indian Museum.

C. perplexus, Leices., 1905.

Culic. Malaya, 150, 7 9.

Bred from larvae from marshy edges of lake near Kuala
Lumput.

474 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE.sEV;

C. pettigrewii, Theob., rgro.
Recwitid? Mus. av, 5s -

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 351, 2.

A perfect ¢@- from Ukhrul, Manipur. viii-o8, taken by the
Rev. W. P. Pettigrew.

In the Indian Museum.

C. pseudolongifurcatus, Theob., nom. nov., Igro.
Monog. Culic., v, 366.

A new name for his /ongifurcaius (Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 19, ~ 2),
that name being preoccupied by Becker in 1903. Described from

I 7 and 2 ¢ 2 from Dahawangahary Hill, Bengal—Nepalese
Frontier, 16-ii-08.
Type in the Indian Museum.

C. pseudostenoetrus, Theob., 1g1o.
Monog. Culic., v, 343, 2, fig. 154 wing.

Two @ @ from Hakgala, Ceylon, v and viii, 1907 [Green].
Whereabouts of type not mentioned.

C. pulchriventer, Giles.

ADD. REF.— Blanch., Moust., 338, 7 @.
Type in British Museum.

C. pullus, Theob.

Removed to Culiciomyta.

C. quasipipiens, Theo! .

ADD. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 344, @ .
Type in British Museum.

C. quasiunivittatus, Theob

Type in British Museum.

C. reesii, Theob.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 361, 7 ¢.

C. rizali, Banks.

Theobald (Monog., v, 391) notes on its differences from japo-
nicus, to which it is closely allied. He puts it doubtfully here.

1912.] EE. Brunerri: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 47

C. sepositus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 152, 2.

A single @ from jungle near Kuala Lumpur. Very distinct.

C. sericeus, Theob.

ApD. REF.—Blanch., Moust.. 362, °

App. Locs.—Taken by me at Meerut, India, 25-iv-05, Luck-
now (the Residency), 2 xii-04; Rangoon, 24-xii-04 to 3-1-05, in
bedroom ; Shanghai, 8—r10-v-06, inditch. The specimens identified
by Theobald with some doubt owing to their rubbed condition.

C. sitiens, Wied.

App. REF,—Blanch., Moust., 293, °.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 143, 7 @.
App. Locs.—Blanchard adds Sumatra, Celebes, Malacca ;
Theobald adds Calcutta—Aug. and Sept. Philippines (¢. Ludlow).
Leicester describes it from a series bred from marshy ground
and from adults taken in the bungalows in the Malay Peninsula.

C. stenoetrus, Theob , 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 395, @.

1oc.—Maskeliya, Ceylon, April [Green].
Type in British Museum.

C. taytayensis, Banks, Ig1o.
Phil. Journ. Sci., iv, 545, @ 2.

Loc.—Rizal (Ph. Is.). Type 7 2 in entomological collec-
tion, Bureau of Science, Manila. Bred from larvae from the water
ot the esteros.

C. tigripes, Grand. et Char.

App. Locs.—Manipur (bungalow), August [Gourlay|; Sylhet,
ii, iv, v-xii-04 [Hall]; Mandalay, 11-11-08 [ Annandale]; Calcutta,
July to November ; Damukdia Ghat [Riv. Ganges, E. Bengal),
July; Port Canning, Dec.; Kurseong, 4-viii-o8. I took it in
Calcutta, Aug. 1908 and Dec 1905; Kirindi, 20-xio8; Weligama,
'3-i-08 ; Dondra, 28-iv-o8. and Mandulsima, 14-xii-o8 (all four in
Ceylon). Also occurs in South, Central and West Africa.

The larvae are carnivorous and cannibalistic. Patton found
it at Aden in a tank of rain water feeding on C. fatigans larvae.

Theobald describes three varieties, none being Oriental.

C. tipuliformis, Theob.

App. Locs.—Blanch., Moust., 363, 2.
Type in British Museum.

476 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

C. trilineatus, Theob., 1gor.
Monog; Culic., ii, 159, 2.

Blanch., Moust., 330, 2.

Loc.—Thayetmyo, Upper Burma. First regarded as a variety
of fatigans. Theobald admits it (Monog., v, 359) as distinct.

Type, a unique specimen, in the British Museum.

C. trimaculatus, Theob

Type in Hungarian Museum.

C. tritaeniorhynchus, Giles.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 294, 7 @?.
Type in British Museum, from Madras.

C. uncus, Theob.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 350, 2.
Type in British Museum.

C. uniformis, Leices., 190s.
Culic. Malaya, 159, ¢.

Two @ ¢ from marshy ground near Batu Gajah. Very near
C. virtdis. :
C. univittatus, Theob.

App. RE¥F.—Blanch., Moust., 321, 2.
Type in British Museum.

C. vagans, Wied.

App. Rrer.—Blanch., Moust., 304, 9 (Foochow).
Theob., Ree: Ind, Mus:; iv 14-0 += Monog. Culic. v1 347.0%
Theobald describes the ~ of this species, as the present

example referred to (Madras Town, 31-x-08, Hodgart) is the only
one of this species he has seen. It is in the Indian Museum.

C. viridiventer, Giles.

ADD. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 346, 7 @. ‘The 2 is said not
to bite.
Type in British Museum.

C. vishnui, Theob.
App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 292, 7 2.
Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 387, 7, fig. 162, wing
?; 163, o genitalia; pl. v, wing scales, ¢.

1g12.] E. BRuNET?II: Catalogue of Oriental Cultcidae. 477

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 141, ~ @ (description of
@ copied from Theobald).

App. Locs.—Sylhet, Jan. and Feb. [Hall]; Port Canning,
July ; Gopkuda Is., August; Lake Chilka, August; Ferozepore,
Punjab (Adie).

Leicester has taken one 2 from jungle near Kuala Lumpur

Type in British Museum.

BANKSIELLA, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 468.

B. luteolateralis, Theob., 1gor.
Monog. Culic., 11, 71 (Culex 2d.).

App. REeF.—Blanch., Moust., 278, 7 2.
eices |; Culic. Malaya, 160% ‘or.
Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 469, °

N.B.—Banksiella Giemuced for this species, which, origi-
nally described from the Soudan, has been recorded by Theobald
from Sylhet, 23-xi-04 and 5-x-04, taken by Lieut.-Col. Hall, and now
in the Indian Museum. Leicester describes it from larvae from the
margins of small pools in grounds of the Institute of Medical Re-
search at Kuala Lumpur. Taken there also in the adult stage.
Occurs in several parts of Africa, where it varies considerably.

Type in British Museum.

TRICHOPRONOMYIA, Theob.
App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 479.

Ds panel Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 479 o,. fig. 213a,
apex of proboscis; b, scales; fig. 214, wing o.

TRICHORHYNCHOMYIA, mihi., nom. nov.

Syn. Trvichorhynchus, Theob.

App. Rer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 270.

Comes between the Stegomyian group and true Culex (Theo-
bald).

N.B.—Trichorhynchus was preoccupied as far back as 1887
by Balbiani in Protozoa. The above name is therefore suggested
in its place, with the presumption that it only represents a sub-
genus, at most.

T. fuscus, Theob.
ADD. Rer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv; 270, @.

Evratum.—In my catalogue ‘‘a single perfect @’’ is an error
for 9.

478 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

Type in British Museum, according to Theobald (loc. cit., vol.
v), but in a previous letter to me he says in the ‘‘ Hungarian
Museum.”

PSEUDOTHEOBALDIA, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic:, iv, 271.

P. niveitaea, taai Theob., 1907.
Loc. ctt., 272, fig. 87, » genitalia; 88, wing o.

Loc.—Dehra Dun, February, March [Thomson].
Described from two perfect 7 o.

Theog, Simla district, 2-v-07 [Annandale].

Type in British Museum.

TAENIORHYNCHUS, Arrib.

App. REeF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 483 generic and egg
notes.
Blanch. Moust., 381, fig. 244 generic chars. 7 9;
table of spp. p. 383.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 163 table of six Malay
spp.
T. ager, Giles.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 385, 7 @.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 168, 7 2. Recorded from
Kuala Lumpur, and Westlake, Hankow, 27-v1-07
| Cornford}.

App. Locs.—Sylhet, Jan. to May [Hall]; Miss Ludlow says
it has been recorded from the Philippines. Calcutta, 2-11-08 ;
Balighai, near Puri, 26-x-08 ; Mandalay, 12-11-08 ; Pallode, S. India,
14-xi-08 ; Kerumadi (S. end of Vembanaad Lake, Travancore
State), 6-xi-08 [all Annandale}.

N.B.—Weicester describes it from a large series bred from
larvae from water at marshy edges of lakes, and entangled in
floating green weed at the sides of a running stream.

T. argenteus, Ludlow.

Removed to Theobaldiomyia, nom. nov. for Leucomyia.

T. (2) aureosquammatus, Ludlow, 1909.
Can Ent., xli, 234, @ |!

Theob., T (?) aureosquamata (lapsus ?) Monog., v, 425.
Loc.—Parang, Mindanao (Phil. Is.), December.
Tvpe in Army Medical Museum, Washington

|! Theobald (Monog., v) erroneously quotes the page as Iol.

1912.| E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 479

T. aurites, Theob.
T. brevicellulus, Theob.

Both referred to Chrysoconops.
Type of latter in British Museum.

T. confinnis, Arrib., 1891.
Dipt. Argent. La Plata, 49.

Theob., Monog. Culic., ili, 289.
Recorded from Chaca, Formosa, possibly incorrectiy, as it is
a South American species.

T. conopas, Frnfid.

Referred to Chrysoconops.

T. domesticus, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 169, 7 ¢.

Described from a series bred from larvae, and from adults
from bungalow at Kuala Lumpur and elsewhere.

T. epidesmus, Theob., 1910.
Rec. Ind. Mus , iv, 22-9.

Theob., Monog, Culic., v, 429, 2.
Described from a single perfect 2 in the Indian Museum
taken by Mr. Paiva at Bhogaon, Bengal, 2-x-o8.

T. lineatopennis, Ludlow.
App. RrrF.—-Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 489, ?.

N.B.—The types (in the Army Medical Museum, Washington)
were labelled ‘‘ inside screens of screened houses,’’ Sept. 13, I4.

T. luteoabdominalis, Theob., gro.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 23 @.
Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 423.

A single perfect @ from Katihar, Purnea (Bengal), 5-x-08
[Paiva]. Very near T. epidesmus.
Type in Indian Museum.

T. ochraceus, Theob.

Referred to Chrysoconops.

480 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOL: iV,

T. pagei, Ludlow, 7 @.

Given in Theobald’s vol. v, 618, without reference to author’s
description, which is copied verbatim.
From Parang, Mindanao, Phil. Is., Oct. 27.

T. tenax, Theob.

App. REeF.—Blanch., Moust., 386, @.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 167, @.

App. Locs.—Sylhet, March to June [Hal/]; Manipur, August
[Gourlay|; Balighai, near Puri, 23-x-08, at light, one @ [Anunan-
dale}.

N.B.—Leicester describes from one 9 taken ina bungalow at
Kuala Lumpur.

Type in British Museum.

T. tenax, var. ocellata, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 488, @.

Loc.—Kuching (Sarawak, Borneo), November [Dr. Barker}.
This form apparently also occurs in China (v. Theob., Monog., iii,
259).

N.B.—There isa var. maculipes, Theob. (Monog., iv, 488), from
African localities (White Nile, etc., v, pl. iv, wing scales), and one
termed maculipes arabiensis by Patton found in the Aden Hinter-
land.

Tvpe in British Museum.

T. whitmorei, Giles.

Theobald says (Monog., v, 431) that Mr. Carter has examined
the type and reports it a distinct ‘‘ Leucomyia.’? See Thec-
baldiomyta.

Type in British Museum.

CHRYSOCONOPS, Goeldi.

Os. Mosq. no Para, I14.
Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 491.

C. aurites, Theob.

Removed here from Taentorhynchus.

App. Loc.—Kuala Lumpur, 10-xi-o2 and 25-v-02 [Durham].
Miss Ludlow says it has occurred in the Philippines.

7 ype in British Museum.

1912.] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 481

C. brevicellulus, Theob.
Removed here from Taeniorhynchus.

ADD. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 389, 7 @.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 163, 7 92.

App. Loc.—Ceylon [Green]; Sylhet, Saugar, Manipur Haut
(Feb., May, June), Manipur, Aug. [Gourlay]; Calcutta, August;
Philippines (¢. Lud/., Can. Ent., xli, 234).

Leicester describes from a large series taken in bungalows at
Kuala Lumpur. He says the & is described for the first time,
but Blanchard antedates him.

Type in the British Museum.

C. conopas, Frnfld.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 387, 2 (conopus).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 166, 9.
N.6.—Blanchard spells it conopus, but Theobald reverts to
the original spelling. Miss Iudlow says it has been recorded from
the Philippines. Leicester describes from a single @ from Klang
jungle, saying it is a very distinct and easily recognized species.

C. ochraceus, Theob.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 164.

Described from specimens taken in bungalows at Kuala Lum-
pur.

Referred here from Taeniorhynchus by Theobald.

Type in British Museum.

C. pygmaeus, Theob., 1908.
Rec. Ind: Mus. i. 300, 2.

Loc. ctt., iv, 25, @ pl. i, wing, pl. ili wing scales: Monog.
Culic., v, 435, 7 @, fig. 192 wing, 193 head @, 194 genitalia o,
195 wing @.

Described from a single perfect 2 from Sylhet [Hal/].

The @ described later, from examples from Purnea, Raj-
mahal, and Calcutta in July and August.

Type » 2 in Indian Museum, co-fype @ in British Museum.

Dr. Annandale says the eyes of the @ are iridescent in life.

MANSONIA, Blancl

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 375, generic chars. ~ 2.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, I71.

482 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

M. annulata, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 174, 9.

Described from examples from bungalows at Kuala Lumpur
and elsewhere near rivers. Near uniformis.

M. annulifera, Theob.

ApD. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 380, ?.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 174, @ (copies Theobald’s
description).

App. Locs.—Sylhet, May, June [Hall]; Manipur [Gourlay] ;
Calcutta, Aug. and Dec.; Port Canning, Dec. [Annandale]; Pur-
neah, Oct. ; Bhogaon, 7-vili-og [both Bengal, and Paiva].

N.B.—At one time placed by Theobald in Mansoniotdes:!

Type in British Museum.

M. annulipes, Wlk.

App. Syn.—Mansonia nero, Dol., t. Blanch., Moust., 380, ¢@.

ADD. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 172, 7 @.

This latter author describes both sexes from a series taken in
jungle near Klang, Kuala Iumpur, Port Swettenham and Jugra.

Very local, troublesome in jungle; probably a river breeder,
according to Leicester.

I took one in Calcutta, 6-x-04.

Type in British Museum.

M. arabica, Giles, 1905.
Journ. Trop. Med., May 1906, 130.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 451.
Loc.—Isle of Barham, North Arabia.
N.B.—Properly speaking, should not be included in Oriental
lists.
M. chrysogona, Knab, 1909 (November).
Entom. News Philad., xx, 386, 7 @.

‘“Chrysoconopas aurites,”’ Ludlow.

Described from one ~ and two ? @? from Parang, Mindanao
(Phil. Is.), 31-v-06.

Type (cat. No. 12,626) in United States National Museum.

In describing this species Miss Ludlow was under the impres-
sion she had Taeniorhynchus aurites, Theob., before her (¢. Kab).

M. seguini, Laveran (Panopliies 1d.).

Blanchard admits this species asa good one (Moust., 380, @ ),
from Hanoi, Tonkin, taken in the military hospital during the

1 ** First Rep. on Culic. in Ind. Mus. ColJ.,’> Rec. Ind. Mus., ii, 287—302
(1908).

Ig12.] E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culictdae, 483

fever season (July to September), where it was found to suck
blood. ‘Theobald (Monog. Culic., iv) notes that he has seen no ex-
ample of the species, and that from the description he considered
it identical with wntformis.

In the ‘‘ Genera Insectorum” the name seguwini is not men-
tioned. Theobald’s latest suggestion is ‘‘ close to, if not, wniformis,
Theob.”

”

M. septempunctata, Theob.

App. Rer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 494, ?.
Closely related to WM. annulipes, W1k.

M. uniformis, Theob.

App. REF,—Blanch, Moust., 379, 2.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 171, @ 9.

App. Locs.—Sylhet 1, ii, ili, v, vi, vii, xii [Hall]; Mani-
pur, June and Sept.,in stable and bungalow; Gopkuda Is.,
Lake Chilka, August; Bhogaon, 30-ix-o8 and Oct.; Katihar, Oct.
[both Paiva]: Balighai, near Puri, 23-x-08; Travancore and Cochin
States, 19-xi-o8 and 4-xi o8, ‘‘ very common in bungalows;’’ Cal-
cutta, 2-vii-07; Rangoon, 25-11-08 [all Annandale]; Kuala Lumpur.

N.B.— Leicester says it isin some parts of Kuala Lumpur the
most troublesome mosquito after C. fatigans, W. He describes the
@ for the first time. He has only bred one example of the species ;
from a larva taken in a swamp.

Very common throughout the Philippines all the year round,
according to Miss Ludlow’s extensive tables, though she notes it is
much more abundant during the winter.

It is recorded from many parts of Africa, also Madagascar
and Australia, and it is a very variable species.

Tvpe in British Museum.

MANSONIOIDES, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 498. ‘‘ closely related to Mansonia.’’

M. annulifera, Theob.

Replaced in Mansonia.

M. septemguttata, Theob., 1907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 499, 2 , figs. 226, 227 wings @.

Loc.—Sarawak [ Dr. Barker].
Type in British Museum.

484 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. IV,

ETIORLEPTIOMYIA, Theob.

Syn. O’Reillia, Ludl., 1905. Can. Ent., xxxvii, Ior.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv. 505.

Leices., Culic. Malaya, 178 (‘‘ position undetermined”’).

Spelt Etorleptiomyia originally and placed in Corethrinae, but
Theobald now considers it ‘‘undoubtedly culicid,’’ though the
proboscis is characterised as very weak.

E. completiva, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 178, o.

Leicester thinks that the unique specimen sent him by Dr.
Finlayson of Singapore, and from which this description was
drawn up, represents the ~ of some species of this genus.
Theobald only describes the ? of his genus.

E. [uzonensis, Ludl.

App. REF —Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 506, @.
Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

MELANOCONION, Theob.

App. RreF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 507, further generic
notes.
Glen Herrick, Ent. News Philad. (1905), p. 282.
Blanch., Moust., 395, 7 2.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 136.

M. juxtapallidiceps, Theob., rgto.
Monog. Culic., v, 456, @.

A single @ inthe British Museum, from Trincomalee, Ceylon,
taken by Green, Oct. 1907.

M. ornatus, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 508 @ , fig. 231 wing °.

M. pallidiceps, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 509 @.

M. uniformis, Theob.

App. ReF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 136, 7 @.

Redescribed by Leicester from bred examples from hollow
bamboo and other jungle trees. Probably entirely sylvan. Leices-
ter notes that his present description corrects some errors in his

IgI2. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 485
previous one sent to Mr. Theobald for publication in ‘‘ The Entomo-
logist.’’

OCULEOMYIA, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 515.

O. fulleri, Ludl., 1909
Cane Bate, xii, 975. 9.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 478 @ (Ludlow’s descr. copied).
Loc.—Parang, Mindanao, Phil. Is., October.

N.B.—Miss TL,udlow spells the genus Oculiomyza.

O. sarawakii, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic.,iv, 515 @ , fig. 236, head and @ haltere; 237,
wing 2; pl. vi, wing scales 9°.
Loc.—Sarawak [Dr. Barker}. Described from a unique speci-
men.
Type in British Museum.

POPEA, Ludlow.

This genus is now placed by Theobald (Monog., iv) between
Leicesteria and Howardina. It is, by the way, almost preoccupied
by Poppea, Stal., 1867, in Hemiptera.

P. lutea, Ludlow.

Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

RACHIONOTOMYIA, ‘Theob.

App. REF.—-Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 518.
In this volume Theobald places this genus next to Oculeomyia

R. ceylonensis, Theob

ADD. REF.—-Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 518, @.
Type in British Museum.

FINLAYA, Theob.

App. RerF.—Blanch., Moust., 415.

N.B.—Mr. Theobald (Monog., iv) considers this genus and
Orthohbodomyia as intermediate between Culicinae and Aedinae.

F. aranetana, Banks.

Loc.—Negros Occidental, Phil. Is., 17—24-vi-1g06

486 Records of the Indian Museum. (VoL. IV,

F. poicilia, Theob.

App. Rrer.—Blanch., Moust., 415.

N.B.—Theobald notes that the figure of wing scales on
page 283 (Monog., ili) is slightly incorrect, and shows a corrected
wing in vol. iv, 520, fig. 238, with other notes. Papuan specimens
differ a little from Malayan ones. The species is recorded from
N. Queensland by Dr. Bancroft.

Type in British Museum.

ORTHOPODOMYIA, Theob.

App. Rrer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 527.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 175.
Theobald admits this as intermediate between Culicinae and
‘ Aedinae.”’ Leicester (Joc. cit.) notes its affinities with Aedeo-

myinae.
O. albipes, Leices. in Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 527, 7 @.
Leices.,, Culick Malaya, 1760517024:
Leicester describes in above work from a long series bred from
larvae from bamboos. Sylvan, probably not a blood-sucker.
Type in British Museum.

Of maculata, Mheobss 19x0:
Rec. dards. 1visn2G., e orn

Monog. Culic., v, 473, &.
A single »: Indian Museum, from Maddathorai, 17-xi-08
[| Annandale).
O. maculipes, Theob., 1gro.

Monog. Culic., v, 470, fig. 208 head @ , 209 wing, 210
wing @ (2 error for o~).

Loc.—Andaman Is., 22-vii-o8 [Lowis and Ray White]; Pera-
deniya, Ceylon, 5-vii-og [Green]; Maddathorai, S. India, 17-x1-08
[Annandale].

Tvpe @ Indian Museum, ? British Museum.

O. nigritarsis, var.

Leicester notes (Culic. Malaya, 177) a new variety of this
species, stating its affinities with O. albifes, but I have found no
mention of any species of the nate of nzgritarsis.

The specimen was taken in the hollow of a tree on a small
island, Pangkor-Haut, by Dr. Daniels.

REEDOMYIA, Ludlow.

Syn. Lepidotomyia, Theob., Ann. Mus. Hung, ili, 80.
App. REF.—Reedomyta, id., Monog. Culic., iv, 257, 7 2.

1g912.]} E. Bruner: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 487

N.B.—Theobald (l.c., iv, 249) notes that his Lepzdotomyza in
Ann. Mus. Hung., iii, referred to, and is a synonym of Reedomyta.

His second genus under this name stands good, with at pres-
ent four Oriental species.

R. alboscutellata, Theob.

Removed here from ‘‘ Leptdotomyra.”’
App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 261 ? , fig. 80 wing @.
Leices , Culic. Malaya, 132, 7 2 (Lepidotomyza id.).

The latter author redescribes it from a series of adults from
jungle near Kuala Lumpur, and from bred specimens from larvae
from a jungle pool. Theobald spells this species alboscutella in
vol. v, 257; presumably in error.

Type in Hungarian Museum.

R. lowisii, Theob., 1910.

Monog. Culic., v, 257, 7 @; fig. 121 ¢ head, 122 wing,
123 head o , 124 wing o.
Loc.—Andaman Isles [Lows and Ray White]; Galle, Ceylon,
6-iv-07 [Bainbrigge Fletcher].
Type in British Museum.

R. niveoscutellata, Theob.

ADD. REF.—Theob.
fore ungues.

Resembles Culex pipiens. Miss Iudlow says it has been
recorded from the Philippines.

Tvpe in British Museum.

Monog. Culic., iv, 259, 7 @ ; fig. 79 @

’

R. pampangensis, Ludlow.

App. ReF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 258, 2.
Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

Sub.-Family AEDEOM YINAE.

App. Rers.—Aedeinae, Blanch., Moust., 398 (table of genera)

Aedinae, Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 537.

Aedeomyinae, Leices., Culic. Malaya, I8o.

Leicester gives notes on sub-family, also table of genera, in
which he includes Deinocerites, Theob., Aedeomyia, Theob., Aedes,
Mg., Atoretomyia, Leices., gen. nov., Acalleomyia, Leices., gen.
nov., Verrallina, Theob., Mimomyia, Theob., Uranotaenia, Theob..,!
Ficallia, Theob., Hodgesia, Theob., Zeugnomyta, Leices., gen. nov.,

' Incorrectly attributed to Theobald instead of Arribalzaga,

488 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

Colonemyia, Leices., gen. nov., Topomyza, Leices., gen. nov., Haema-
gogus, Theob., Skeivomyza, Leices., gen. nov. Several of these genera
are not represented in the East.

Inhis ‘‘ genera of the Aedes type’ Col. Alcock sinks Mimomyta,
Theob., and Pseudoskusea, Theob.

SKUSEA, Theob.

By some authors referred to this sub-family, but herein it is
retained in its position in my Catalogue.

LEPTOSOMATOMYIA, Theob.

Evratum.—In my reference to this genus (Cat., p. 362) change
Dp: S0-to pe mo:

L. lateralis, . Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 548 7 ; fig. 252, head,
scutelium ungues &

The type is partly dissected. I am uncertain whether it
reposes in the British Museum or the Hungarian Museum.

AEDEOMYIA, Theob.

App. RrF.—Blanch., Moust., 403, ~ @ , fig. 255, var. generic
chars.
eices, Culic: Malaya. rom
This author says he cannot agree with Theobald in the rela-
tionship of this genus to Aedes. ‘‘Even the = palpi, the only
point of agreement, are very different from those in Aedes.’’

A. catasticta, Knab, 1909.

Ent. News Philad., xx (November), 387, ?.

He only describes the 2 , apparently, but he must have had
both sexes present as, in comparing it with A. sguamitpenna, Arrib..,
he says ‘‘the @ genitalia of the two species show specific differ-
ences: «

A. squamipenna, Arrib.

(Aedeomyia squammipenna, Theob., Monog., vol. ii, ¢. Leices.)

App. REF.

Blauch.. Moust., 404. 9 (squamtpennts).
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 182, @ 2 (squammtpenna).

App. Locs.—Example; taken occasionally during the year in
bungalows at Kuala Lumpur; Calcutta, at ight, November; base
of Dawna Hills, 2-iti-08 [Annandale]; at light at sea, 4 miles off
Tuticorin, 25-v-08 [ Parva].

N .B.—Weicester reverses the correct quotation of this species,
making it appear asif Arribalzaga’s name was a synonym, whereas
the species was first described by him.

1912. | E. Brunerrt: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 489

PSEUDOGRAHAMIA, Theob., rgto.

Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 26, near Grahamia, Theob.

P. aureoventer, Theob., 1gto.'
boexcil, 275. 2 .

Loc.—Pallode, Travancore State, S. India, 16-xi-08, a single ?
[Annandale].

‘“A very marked and beautiful species which cannot be con-
fused with any other culicid.’’

N.B.—Care must be taken to avoid confusion through the
similarity of these generic names, Grahamia, Pseudograhamia, Grab-
hamia and Pseudograbhamia.

SQUAMOMYIA, ‘'Theob., IQI0.
Ree. Inds. Mus; 1v,-28.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 529.

S. inornata, Theob., 1910.
Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 28, 7.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v. 529, &.
Described from a single ~ in the Indian Museum from the
Dawna Hills (2—3 000 ft.), 2 or 3-iii-08 [Annandale ,.

AEDES, Mg.

App. REeF.—Blanch., Moust., 399,77 @.
Leices. , Culic. Malaya, 183.

‘This genus is closely related to Culex and Melanoconion on
the one hand, and less so to Atovetomyia amongst the Aedeomyinae.
In fact, nothing could better show how unscientific is a classifica-
tion based on palpi, than that genera so closely related as Culex,
Melanoconion and Aedes should be placed in different families ”’
(Leicester).

N.B.—-Leicester, I hope, means ‘‘ sub-families. ”’

A. butleri, Theob.

N.B.—In his Monog., iii, 295, Theobald created the genus
Verralina for Aedes butleri and two other species; and Blanchard
(Moust., 417) retains the genus, but in the ‘‘ Genera Insectorum ”
Theobald does not mention it, referring butlert to the *‘ uncertain
‘position ”’ section of the species of Aedes.

Type in British Museum.

| This species has inadvertently been dealt with before, see p. 460. The
mistake was discovered too late for correction in the text.—Ed.

490 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL. IV

A. malaya, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 184,°¢?.

Bred from larvae from pond in Kuala Lumpur.

A. nigrescens, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 540, fig. 246 wing 2, 247 o genitals,
pl. vi, wing scales @.

Loc —Castle Rock (Canara Dist., S.-West India), Jan. to
March.

‘A very small species, looking like a Melanoconion’’ (Theob.).
Type in British Museum.

AIORETOMYIA, Leices., 1908.

Culic. Malaya, 185. ‘‘ Near Verrallina and Howardina.”

A. aedes, Leices., 1908.
(LOGIC. COR ore

One o& bred from a larva from a pond in Kuala Lumpur, the
species doubtfully referred by the author to this genus.

A. ostentatio, Leices., 1008.
OG RCIL A elOGk ee

Described from a series of 2 92, some from larvae from a
jungle pool, and some taken as adults. Sylvan species, a vicious
day biter.

A. perdita, Leices., 1908.
EOC MEU OZ oe
Description drawn up from recollection from a single ~ taken
at midday in jungle five miles from Kuala Lumpur.
The tv£e is lost.
A. singularis, Leices., 190%.
LOCC SO. ors

A single # from a bungalow in Kuala Lumpur.

A. taeniata, Leices., 1908.
EOC RCIEG OOD

Two @ @ only taken at midday in jungle near Kuala Lumpur.

1912. ] E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 491

A. varietas, Leices., 1908.
LOCK Ctt., T8554 2%.

Fairly common in Malayan jungle, where the @ bites viciously.
Occurs at Kuala Lumpur, Ulu Gombak, Pangkor Haut and Klang.
Leicester only bred one example, a ~.

AGAEEEBOMYIA, Weices., 1908.
EDC. 6tl_. TOA:

A. obscura, Leices., 1908, emend. mihi.
Loc. ctt., 194, & @ (obscurus).

No notes or dates are given.

VERRALLINA, Theob.; 1903.
Monog. Culic., iii, 295.
ADD. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 196.

V. butleri, Theob.
(Aedes. id.) Theob., Monog. Culic., ii, 230

App. Re¥F.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 196, 7 2.

The o@ described for the first time. The commonest mosquito
in the mangrove swamps; not unlike Stegomyia fusca, Weices. :
larva living in brackish pools in mangrove swamps.

N.B.—Al\though Theobald created Verrallina for this species,
he ignores the genus in the ‘‘ Genera Insectorum,”’ placing butleri
in the ‘‘uncertain position ’’ section of Aedes. But in vol. v he
replaces it in the present genus

Type in British Museum.

V. fragilis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 199, o@.

A sylvan species in jungle near Kuala Lumpur.
N.B.—Possibly the same species as malayi; if so, the name

fragilis must stand.
V. imitator, Leices., 1908.
EGeaciis 201, 9 .

Two 2? ¢ from jungle five miles from Kuala Lumpur.
Types rather damaged, but distinct.

492 Records of the Indian Museum [Vor. IV,

V. indecorabilis, Leices.

, 1908.
Loc.-ctt.,

ZOO Or Sie

Bred from larvae from small jungle pool near Kuala Lumpur.
Very near zmitator.

Wi malayi, Leices., 1908.
Loe. cit. Oo ree
One ¢ in jungle ten miles from Kuala Lumpu
? 2 of fragilis (Leicester).

V. virilis, Leices., 1908.
OG. Cite, MOF

One o& from jungle a few miles from Kuala Lumpur
Near V. malayi

BOLBODEOMYIA, Theob., 1910

Ree: Inds Mus. av oi.

B. complex, Theob
I FASC:

5, IQLO.

SS Slite ieaacee

Monog. Culic.,

o, 255 wing @.
Loc.—Dawna Hills

V, 581, 7 @, fig. 253 @& genitalia, 254 wing
, 2—3,000 ft., I— 3-11-08 [ Annandale].
Types (a unique pair) in Indian Wereere

N.B.—There is a Bolbodimyia by Bigot, 1892, in Tabanidae
(Wien. Ent. Zeit., xi, 162).

MIMOMYIA, Theob.

REF.—Blanch., Moust.
IGeIces::

ADD. Moust., 419.
Culic. Malaya

a, 202; notes, apparently
criticising its place in this sub-family

M. chamberlaini, Ludlow
Vide Ludlowia.

M. minuta, Theob., 1908.

Rec. Ind. Mus.
Theob., Loc. cit., iv, 30, 2 ; pl. i wing, pl. 111 wing scales
Id., Monog. Culic., v, 531, o 9, fig. 226 wing.
Locs.—Sylhet, 27-xi-o4 [Hall]; Calcutta,
4-vili-07 [| Annandale].

Types in British Museum.

Sites Oiectore

30-vii and 3 or

1Q12. | FE. BRuNnET?I1: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 493

RUNCHOMYIA, Theob.

Syn. Binotta, Blanch., 1904 (Archiv. de Parasit , viii, 478).
Blanchard’s name, suggested, on account of alleged preoccu-
pation (Rhynchomyia, R. Des., in Muscinae), cannot stand, the names
not being identical.

R. philippinensis, Giles.

App. Rer.—Theob. , Monog. Culic., v, 555 (copies Giles’s descr.).

Type in British Museum. Theobald has not seen it, but says
that Banks says ‘‘ this species is identical with Uvanotaenia
nitidoventer Giles, but both are incorrectly placed as to genera.”’
Mr. Carter also thinks the present species neither a Runchomvyia
nor a Uvanotaeni«.

LU DLOWIA, Theob:, 2907.
Monog. Culic., iv, 193, o.

Established for Mimomvyia chamberlaint, Iadlow, also to
comprise a Soudanese species.

L. chamberlaini, Ludlow.
(Mimomyra td., Ludlow.)
App. REF.—Theob., Moiiog. Culic., iv, 194, 7 (Miss Ludlow’s
description copied).

N.B.—This author adds that since vol. iv of his Monograph
went to press Miss Ludlow has sent him a description of the @.
Type in British Museum.

L. minima, Ludlow, 1907.
Can Hit, .cx xis gare an 12.

Theob.
description).
Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

, Monog. Culic., v, Ig1, 7 2 (copies Miss Ludlow’s

ANISOCHELEOMYIA, Theob.

App. REeF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 570.

A. alboannulata, Theob.
App, RreF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 573, o, fig. 267 wing
@: pl. vii wing scales 9
N.B.—Type (unique) in British Museum. ‘* The species is a
very beautiful and marked one, and cannot be confused with any
other ” (Theob.).

494 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. IV,

A. albitarsis, Ludlow.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 576, 9 (Miss Ludlow’s
description copied).

N.B.—Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington. Theo-
bald thinks its place in this genus doubtful.

FICALBIA, Theob:

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 418.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 228.

F. longirostris, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malava, 228, 7 ¢.

Bred from larvae from stagnant water at Kuala Klang in
January ; a very distinct species. Apparently slightly aberrant.

F. minima, Theob.

App. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 418

N.B.—First placed in Uvanotaenia, then referred here.

As Theobald (Monog., v) retains a species of this name under
both genera, it is left here for the present.

Type in British Museum.

F. simplex, Theob.
ADD. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 418.
Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 541, 2 , fig. 235 wing.

App. Loc.—Two ¢@ @ from Trincomalee, xi-1906 {Green|}.
Type in British Museum.

PSEUDOURANOTAENIA, Theob., 1905.
Journ. Econ. Biol.,; i, 33.

Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 566, fig. 262 (p. 567) wing o.

P. parangensis, Ludl., 1909.
Can Ents xii 249.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 524 (copies Miss Ludlow’s descrip-
tion).
Loc.—Parang, Mindanao (Phil. Is.).

P. triangulata, Lud!., 1908.

Can-wlnt. oxi 331 oe

Theob., Monog. Culic., v
tion).
I1oc.—Reine Regente, Mindanao (Phil. Is.) ; February.

525 (copies Miss Ludlow’s descrip-

1g12.]| E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 495

URANOTAENIA, Arrib.

App. Rer.—Blanch., Moust., 406, @ @ generic chars.
Leices.. Culic. Malaya, 203 (genus incorrectly
attributed to Theobald).
Table of 18 new Malayan species.

U. argyrotarsis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 214, 7 @.

Described from series bred from larvae from a pool in a patch
of jungle five miles from Kuala Lumpur, and one adult on surface
of same pool. Very distinct.

UW? atra, Cheob-
App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 563, 2 .

U. bicolor, Leices., 1908
Culic. Malaya, 225, 7” @.

Bred from larvae from the marshy edges of a jungle stream
in Kuala Lumpur. Leicester has not captured the adult, which
is the largest Malay species after maxima.

U. bimaculata, Leices., 1908.
L0G. c1t., 226, 9x

Fairly common in damp places of jungle at ‘‘ The Gap,”’
Kuala Lumpur, the only place it seems to occur at.

U. bimaculiala, Leices., 1908.
Lotscit., 208. a 3 .

The o from Raub jungle; the @ described from a series
caught over jungle pools (presumably at Kuala Lumpur). Near
untmaculiala.

U. caeruleocephala, ‘heob., var. lateralis, Ludlow.

In vol. v Theobald makes it a species.

U. campestris, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 212, 7 2°.

Very near Verrallina pygmaea, Theob. Captured on swampy
ground.

406 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor aayE

U. cancer, Leices., 1908.
LOC. Ct, 2n5,on Oe

Abundant in crab holes at Port Swettenham, and among
Nepah paims at that place, and Klang. larvae in crab holes or
stagnant pools. Male very distinct.

U. ceylonica, Theob., 1910.
Monog. Culic., v, 503, 2 , fig. 213 wing.

Loc.—Galle, Ceylon, 10-iv-07 | Bainbrigge Fletcher].
Type (a unique specimen) in British Museum.

UW: fusca, Veices., 1608:
Culic. Malaya, 227, 7 @.

Described from a series bred from larvae from a pool at
Sungei Limbing, Malay Peninsula, taken by Dr. Daniels.

U. lateralis, Ludl.

Phil. Journ: Scix 4. .coo:
Syn. U. caeruleocephala, Th., var. lateralis, Ludl. Mosq. Phil.
Ses palo:

U. longirostris, Leices., 1908.
IBOGS Che ODE 7e oe

Only one specimen knowr, bred from a pupa taken in a pond
(presumably at Kuala Lumpur).

U. lutescens, Leices., 1908.
Loc. Cit..222

A bamboo sylvan breeder, Leicester has not taken the adult
form. Presumably from Kuala Lumpur.

U. maculipleura, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 223, °.

Only one specimen known, taken by a jungle stream six
miles from Kuala Lumpur.

U. malayi, Theob.

ADD. REF.—Blanch., Moust., 410.
Type in British Museum.

1gI2.| E. BRuNE?TII: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 497

U. maxima, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya;.221, 2%

Described from specimens taken at ‘‘ The Gap.’’ Selangor.
The largest Malay species. Dr. Leicester possesses a ” which may
be that of this species.

U. micans, Leices., 1908.
oc. Cit. 200. ar 9:
Described from a series taken on marsh land, Malaysia.
U. minima, Uheob:
See Ficalbia 1d.
U. modesta, Leices., 1908.
Culic: Malayay 2718, vo" 2.
Described from a series bred from larvae from water in a
hollow tree in Ampang jungle.
U. nitidoventer, Giles.

See Runchomyia philippinensts.

Wiaenivea,eices. 1908:
LOG Ct... 2EL, 0".
Only one specimen known, taken by Dr. Leicester in his
bungalow at Kuala Lumpur.
U. nivipleura, Leices., 1908.
FOC: (Cita. 2G. os.

Described from a single pair: o@ taken by Leicester at ‘* The

> . .
Gap,” Selangor, @ sent by Dr. Finlayson, bred from a larva in
a pitcher plant at Singapore.

U. powelli, Iudl., 1909
Cana) nites aiinee ss, 42.

Theob., Monog. Culic., v, 519, ?.
The locality is given as Yayabas (Phil. Is.), which is probably
a misprint for Tayabas. January.

U. testacea, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 560, 2 , fig 258 wing @.
App. Loc.—Base of Dawna Hills, 4-iii-o8 [Annandale]; Phil.
Is. [¢, Ludlow].

498 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoLz TVs,

U. trilineata, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 204, 2

I,arvae found in quiet pools, adults in neighbourhood of jungle
pools. The only species in Malaysia with a banded proboscis.

U. unilineata, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 220; 7 9.

In jungle close to water, Leicester has found females full of
blood. Malaysia.

U. unimaculata, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 210, 2.

Near water in jungle, Malaysia. oo unknown.

ZEUGNOMYIA, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 231.

Links Uranotaenta to Colonemyta and Skeiromyia, and thence
to Wvyeomyia.

Z. gracilis, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 232, 7 @.

Faitly common in certain localities, especially October to
December ; a vicious biter. Occurs all the year sparsely at Jugra
and Kuala Lumpur. Larvae in water in fallen leaves, feeding on
other larvae. (Lezcester).

COLONEMYIA, Leices., 1908.

Culic. Malaya, 233.

C. caeruleocephala, Leices., 1908.
LOC NCE eS ae OF,

Described from a series of both sexes bred from larvae from
bamboo water at Bukit Kutu and Ulu Klang (Malaysia).

C. hybrida, Leices., 1908.
Woenctt @e2a7
One 2 at Bukit Kutu; quite distinct.

1912.] E. Brunerri: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 499

C. mendacis, Daniels, 1908.

Studies from Instit. for Med. Research (Fed. Malay States),
iii, 266, 7-2.

‘* Notes on the Mosquitoes on the river and coast district of
the eastern side of the Peninsula,’? C. W. Daniels.

N.B.—Sequential to Leicester’s paper.

Bred from larvae from pitcher plants on East Coast, Malay
Peninsula.

TOPOMYIA, Leices:, 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 238.

Very near Zeugnomyta and Colonemyta.

T. argyropalpis, Leices., 1908.
0c. tis, 242) oF 2%

A unique o from a stream at “‘ The Gap,”’ Selangor, in April.
The unique 2 by a jungle stream five miles from Kuala Lumpur
in March.

T. argyroventralis, Leices., 1908.
Loc. ctt., 240, 7 Q.

Described from 2 7 @ and a series of @ @ from ‘‘ The Gap,”’
Selangor, near jungle streams. Possibly the two sexes described
under this name by Leicester are not of the same species, but
T. tipuliformis may be the real ~. (Leicester.)

N.B.—If this should prove the case, the name must stand
for the o@ according to zoological precedent, and ‘“‘ argyroven-
tralis@”’? be sunk as the 2 of ‘‘ tepuliformis;’’ the present sug-
gested o& of argyroventralis being either renamed or allowed to
retain that specific name.

T. decorabilis, Leices., 1908.
Loc. ctt., 239, 2

One o@ and @ at ‘‘ The Gap,’’ Selangor, in jungle.

T. durbitans, Leices., 1908.
Bore 240, 2.,

A unique 2 from ‘‘ The Gap ”’ in May.

T. gracilis, Leices., 1908.
Loc. ctt., 244, oo.

‘*The Gap, ’’ Selangor, May.

500 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOrL.sIvsS

T. minor, Leices., 1908.
Lockctie 236,019".

In jungle near Kuala Lumpur near streams. Both sexes,
when settled, have a habit of dancing up and down like certain
Tipulidae.

T. nigra, Leices., 1908.
OCCt 2A 5 oe

Near jungle streams at Ampang, six miles from Kuala Lumpur,
May.
T. rubithoracis, Leices., 1908.

Loc. ciut., 243, 7 &.

Described from two @ o@ and a series of 2? 2.

T. tipuliformis, Leices., 1908.
LOC. Cts, 2AF, Oe

Several ~ @ near a stream in ‘“‘ The Gap’”’ jungle, and in the
dried bed of a stream at Raub. Leicester suggests that this may
be the o of ‘‘ vubithorax’’ (; lapsus). He also previously suggests
it is the same as argvroventralis (vide note under argyroventralts).

Abdomen very thin, longer proportionately than in any other
species of the family, and in general appearance closely resembling
several species of Tipulidae.

SKEIROMYIA, Leices., 1908.

Culic. Malaya, 248.

S. fusca, Weices:, 1906;
LOE. Ctt.5 ZAGA NC). @.

Leicester has not seen the adult, except when bred, from
larvae, which are common in bamboo.

HODGESIA, Theob.

App. REF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 229.

N.B.—To the generic definition, Leicester proposes to add
‘antennae pilose in @ and @?.’’

H. malayi, Leices., 1908.
Culie; Malaya, 23n8 oo

Described from a series bred from jungle pools near Kuala
Lumpur.

1912.] E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 501

H. quasisanguinae, Leices., 1908,
oe. cit. 230, 2% .

In jungle near Kuala Lumpur; a vicious biter,

H. sanguinea, Theob.

Type in British Museum.

WYEOMYIA, Theob.

App. RrEF.—Leices., Culic. Malaya, 250.

N.B.—Leicester admits a sub-family Wyeomyinae, with the
following genera: Wyeomyia Theob., Phoniomyta Theob., Dendro-
myia Theob., Runchomyia Theob., Sabethes, Sabethoides, Goeldia,
Limatus, Malaya, Leices., all gen. nov. ; giving a table of them,
several however not being Malayan.

W. aranoides, Theob.
App. REeF.—Blanch., Moust., 425.
Type in British Museum.
W. funerea, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 252, 2.

A unique @ from jungle six miles from Kuala Lumpur.

W. greenii, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 596.
Blanch., Moust., 423.
App. Loc.—Peradeniya [Green].

N.B.—Mr. Theobald omitted this spectes from the ‘* Genera
Insectorum’’ but mentions it, as above, for a good species.
Type in British Museum.

W. metallica, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 251, ?.

A unique @ in bungalow at Bukit Kutu, Malaysia.

W. nepenthicola, Banks, IgIo.
Phil Journ. sci. iv, 550, 7 ¢.

Loc.— Benguet, Trinidad (Phil. Is.}. Bred from larvae in
pitchers of Nepenthes alata, Bl.

Type # @ (No. 8159) in entomological coll., Bureau of
Science, Manila.

502 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor IV,

PHONIOMYIA, Theob.

Evratum.—“ Vol. ii’’ is a misprint for vol. ili in my Catalogue ,
p. 365.
App. REeF.—Blanch., Moust., 425.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 253.

N.B.—The name of this genus is likely to be confounded with
Phonomyia established in Tachinidae by Brauer and Bergenstamm
in 1894.

P. bimaculipes, Theob.
App. Rer.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 600, @.
‘A very distinct and beautiful species ” (Theob.).
P. caeruleocephala, Theob., rgto.

Monog. Culic., v, 577, 7 @ , fig. 252 wing.
Loc.—Hakgala, Ceylon, iii-o7 [Green].
Types, a unique pair, in British Museum.

-P. indica, Theob.

App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic.,iv,601, 7, fig. 275 wing @.

Redescribing the species in this volume, the author repeats,
“‘Described from a perfect o,’ and again makes no direct
reference to the @, yet he figures a wing marked @. Is this in
error ?

In vol. v he says simply that the ¢yfe is from Singapore.

Leicester records a ~ and two 2 2 from jungle, six miles
from Kuala Lumpur.

POLYLEPIDOMYIA, Theob.
App. REeF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 625.

P. argenteiventris, Theob.
App. REF.—Theob., Monog. Culic., iv, 625, fig. 292 wing @.
N.B.—The tyfes were taken November and December 1892.

DENDROMYIA, Theob., 1903.
Monog. Culic., ili, 313.
Blanch., Moust., 426.
Leices., Culic. Malaya, 254.
Syn. Heinzmannia, Ludlow.

N.b.—Heinzmannia is sunk for Dendromyia. Mr. Theobald
says (Monog., iv, 603) that, due to some error of his in writing to

1912.]| E. Brunert1: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 503

Miss Ludlow, she founded her genus on a species which is an un-
doubted Dendromyia.
D. achaetae, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 257, 2:

Described from a single example; genitalia very concealed,
and sexes very alike in this genus.

D. aureochaeta Leices., 1908.
EE OGwOth. 255; 9
A series of @ 2 taken by day in jungle near Kuala Lumpur
in April and May.
D. communis, Leices., 1908.
Loc. ctt., 254, 2.

Described from one ~ and a series of 9 2 from ‘‘ The Gap,”
Selangor.

D. scintillans, Ludlow.
(Heinzmannia id., id.)

This species was described from a perfect 2 , except that the
antennae are missing.
Type in Army Medical Museum, Washington.

PHILODENDROMYIA, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 623.

P. barkeri, Theob., 1907.

Monog. Culic., iv, 623, @ , fig. 289 head, scutellum, palpus o ,
fig. 290 wing o , pl. vii, wing scales @.

Loc.—Sarawak, in July [Dr. Barker]. Described from two
¢ & taken in a house.
Type in British Museum.

MALAYA, Leices., 1908.
Culic. Malaya, 258.

M. genurostris, Leices., 1908.
Loc. cit., 258, o.

Taken by Dr. Daniels in bungalow in Malay Peninsula.

504 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. IV,

HARPAGOMYIA, Melj., 1900.
Tijd. voor. Ent., lii, 165.

N.B.—The author places this simply in ‘‘ Aedeinae,’’ without
any more definite note as to its exact position, so I place it here at
the end of this sub-family.

H. splendens, Meij., 1909.
Tijdav. Ent? lit, 167, °0 9 “pli x, 1 —on(vare figs):
Loc.—Java.

N.B.—The author notes that this mosquito is eaten by the
widely distributed ant Crematogaster difformis, Smith.

Sub-Family CORETHRINAE.

Corethyva and its allies form a sub-family of Culicidae, and
cannot morphologically be separated from this family. The
absence of a biting mouth, and the absence of scales on the body
are quite secondary characters.

Moreover, the discovery in Ceylon quite recently by Major
MacDougall, R.A.M.C., of a new genus which Dr. Annandale has
described as Ramcta! irrevocably links together, on account of its
undeniably intermediate nature, the two groups Culicinae and
Corethrinae. The short, feeble proboscis and absence of scales on
the head, body and legs approximate it to the Corethrinae, the
presence of scales on the distal half of all the longitudinal veins
connects it with the Culicinae. T'wo peculiarities of venation
distinguish it: the Ist longitudinal vein ends soon after the
middle of the wing, running parallel to the auxiliary vein, instead
of reaching the distal margin as in both Culicinae and Corethrinae,
in this peculiarity resembling Phlebotomus ; and, secondly, the 2nd
longitudinal vein begins almost in a line with the origin of the 3rd
and comparatively close to it instead of some distance before it, as in
both Culicinae and Corethrinae. Only the male is known, but the
larva and pupa were also obtained and from the characters of
these Dr. Annandale considers its total affinities lie mainly with
the Corethrinae.

Two short papers of mine® thoroughly: investigate the syno-
nymy of Corethra, Mg., Sayomyia, Coq., and Chaoborus, Lichten-
stein, with the result that it is found that no species of Corethra,
Mg., occurs in the East, the genus being apparently restricted to
two or three European species. The genus Sayomyza is antedated
by Lichtenstein’s Chaoborus, as admitted by Coquillett himself,
and both aszatica, Giles, and cornfordi, Theob., certainly belong here,

1 Thus named, by special request of Major MacDougall, after the Royal
Army Medical Corps.

2 ** Synonymy in Corethrinae,’’ Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 317, and vi, 227.

1912. | E. BRUNETTI: Catalogue of Oriental Culicidae. 505
whilst there can be no reasonable doubt that mantlensis, Sch., is
also congeneric.
RAMCIA, Annandale, fort.
Spolia Zeyl., vii, pt. xxviii, p. 187 (Aug., Ig1T),

R. inepta, Annandale, IgIr.

Spolia Zeyl., vii, pt. xxviii, p. 189, fig. (p. 188) and plate giving,
larva, pupa, wing, and other characters.
Type in the possession of Major A. J. MacDougall, R.A.M.C.

CHAOBORUS, Lichtenstein, 1800.
Syns. Sayomyta, Coq. ‘‘ Corethra’’ Auct.

C. asiatica, Giles.

App. Locs.—Calcutta Zoological Gardens, May, July, August,
‘*common, resting on damp walls during daytime and flying to
light at night’? [Annandale]; also occurs in Calcutta, Septem-
ber, November and December; Sibpur (near Calcutta), August ;
Katihar, Purnea District, at light.

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Acalleomyia Leices. 56
acaudata Leices.
achaetae Leices.

aconita Don. (aconitus)
Aedeomyia Theob.
AEDEOMYIINAE Leices.
aedes Leices.

Aedes Mg.

AEDINAE Theob.

ager Giles

Aioretomyia Leices.
aitkenii James in Theob.
albipes Leices. in Theob.
albipes Theob.
albirostris Theob.
albitarsis Ludl.
alboannulata Theob.

alboannulatus James and List.

albolateralis Theob.
albolineata Theob.
albolineatus Giles
albopictus Skuse
albopleura Theob.
alboscutellata Theob.

albotaeniata Leices. in Theob.

albotaeniatus Theob.
albus Leices.
Aldrichia Theob.
Aldrichinella Theob.
alis Theob.
Amauromyia Leices,
ambigua Theob.
amboinensis Doles.
amesii Ludl.
angulata Theob.
Anisochelecmyia Theob.
annandalei Theob.
annandaiei Theob.
annularis Wulp
annulata Leices
annulata Theob.
annulata Theob.
annulatus Blanch. (Culex)
annulifera Theob.
annuliferus Ludl.
anuulioris Theob.
annulipalpis Theob.
annulipes W1k.
annulirostris Theob.
annulitarsis Leices.
annuloabdominalis Theob.
annulus Theob.
Anopheles Mg. s. lato.
; ids idoes. Str.
ANOPHELINAE
apicalis Theob.

Teromyia
Dendromyia
Anopheles

= AEDINAE
Aioretomyia

Taeniorhynchus

Anopheles
Orthopodomyia
Stegomyia ais
Myzomyia nit
Anisocheleomyia
id. ots os
=Myzorhynchus albotaeniatus
Theob.
Stegomyia
Scutomyia
Culex ..
=Stegomyia scutellaris Wik.
Culex 56
Reedomyia
Danielsia
Myzorhynchus
Culex ..
=Aldrichirella ©

Culex ; ‘ ;

Grabhamia cit
Toxorhynchites ..
Stegomyia 3¢
Culex sa

Kingia ee
Stegomyia
Myzomyia ;
Mansonia =f aie
Culiciomyia % <U
Trichopronomyia

Theobaldia

Mansonia

Culex

Brevirhynchus

Mansonia

Stegomyia

Leicesteria

Culiciomyia

Culex

Blanchardiomyia (Desvoidya) ..

508 Index.

apicalis Theob. ee 36
apicalis Theob. as a
arabica Giles a 55
arabiensis Patton

arabiensis Patton F

aranetana Banks ails

aranoides Theob.

argentea Ludl. (Taenio. argenteus)
argenteiventris Theob. Se
argenteomaculata Theob.

argenteotarsis Ludl.

argenteus Ludl.

argentinotus Banks oe
argyropalpis Leices.

argyrotarsis Leices. 5c ore
argyroventralis Leices. 3 oe
Armigey Hartmann

Armigeves Theob.

asiatica Giles

asiatica Leices.

assamensis Theob.

ater Daniels are a
atra Theob.

aurantia Theob. bs ate
auratus Leices. a ays

aurea Leices.

aureochaeta Leices.

aureolineata Theob.

aureosquammatus Ludl. ae
aureostriata Leices. Sg ate
aureostriatus Doles. a6 we
aureoventer Theob. ne

aurites Ludl. (Chrysoconops)

aurites Theob. oe
aurostriata Banks

auxifer

azriki Patton

Banksiella Theob. oe oO
barbirostris v. Wulp Bie
barianensis James Ac

barkeri Theob. aS

bicolor Leices. i

bicornuta Theob.

bimaculata Leices. & <
bimaculiala Leices. oe oe
bimaculipes Theob.

Binotia Blanch. ae
bipunctata Theob. ae

biroi Theob.

Bironella Theob. Be aC

Blanchavdiomyia Brun. nom. nov. for
Desvoidya. ae oie

Bolbodeomyia Theob. Xe 50

brevicellulus Theob. ;

brevipalpis Giles

brevipalpis Theob.

Brevirhynchus Theob.

butleri Theob. 20 ote

butleri Theob. ate 56

Page
Brevirhynchus ae we 443
Leicesteria or be élgul
Mansonia oe ve AOL
** Anopheles ”’ ss oa 434)
Culex oe 467
Finlaya ai 485
Wyeomyia 56 501
Theobaldiomyia .. e402
Polylepidomyia .. sie 502
Stegomyia ine -- 444
Toxorhynchites ye 435
Theobaldiomyia (Leucomyia),
argentea Sc eeOz
Culex 467
Topomyia 499
Uranotaenia 495
Topomyia 499
v. Blanchardiomyia _ 441
id. : 441
Chaoborus 505
Lophoscelomyia 427
Stegomyia 445
Teromyia 438
Uranotaenia 495
Pardomyia 460
Culex. 407
Conopomyia 453
Dendromyia set 1503
Blanchardiomyia (Desvoidya). AAT
Taeniorhynchus 478
Ekrinomyia 440
Culex 467
Pseudograhainia see 400
=Mansonia chrysogona Knab.. 482
Chrysoconops 479
Stegomyia 445
=Culex fatigans We 468
Myzomyia : 418
*
ae 477
Myzorhynchus 424
Anopheles be 415
Philodendromyia 503
Uranotaenia : 495
Lophoceratomyia .. 463
Uranotaenia 495
id. 5c 495
Phoniomyia S502
=Runchomyia Theob. =. 4 498
var, aa pane gem eee
gelidus : 7403
Culex .. 467
SC 433
Sc 440
5 5 492
Chrysoconops : 481
Stegomyia. te 445
Lophoceratomyia 464
Toxorhynchites 435
4c 442
Aedes 489
Verrallina 491

caeca Theob.

caecus Theob.
caeruleocephala Leices.
caeruleocephala Theob.
caeruleocephala Theob.
calopus Mg.

Calvertia Ludl.
Calvertina Ludl.
campestris Leices.
cancer Leices.

cantans Mg.

Carrollia Lutz
catasticta Knab.

Cellia Theob,
ceylonensis Theob.
ceylonica Theob.
ceylonica Theob,
Chactomyia Leices.
Chagasia Cruz
Chaoborus Lichtenstein.
chamberlaini Ludl.
christophersi Theob.
christophersi Theob.
Christophersia James.
Chrysoconops Goeldi.

Chrysoconopas aurites Ludl. |

chrysogona Knab.
chrysolineata Theob.
chrysoscuta Theob.
cingulata [eices.
clavipalpis Theob.
cohaesa
Colonemyia Leices.
communis Leices.
completiva Leices.
complex Theob.
concolor Rob. Desy.
confinis Arrib.
conopas Frnfld.
Conopomyia Leices.
Corethva Mg.
CORETHRINAE.
crassipes v. Wulp.
Culex L.

Culicada Felt.
culicifacies Giles
culiciformis Cogill

culiciformis James and List.

culiciformis Theob.
CULICINAE.
Culictomyia Theob.
cuneata Theob.

Danielsia Theob.
Dasymyia Leices.
deceptor Don.
decorabilis Leices.
Dendromyta Theob.
desmotes Giles
Desvoidya Blanch.
dissimilis Leices.
diurna Theob.
dolichocephala Leices.
domesticus Leices.
dthali Patton .

Index.

-“-

Peconiyia ar
Culex aC
Colonemyia
Uranotaenia Ac
Phoniomyia

=Stegomyia fasciata
v. Calvertina

Uranotaenia
id. ae
Culex” 7 FP,

Aedeomyia

Rachionotomyia
Culiciomyia :
Uranotaenia a
v. Leicesteriomyia ..
v. Calvertina

Ludlowia
Culex
Myzomyia

=Mansonia chrysogona Knab ..

Mansonia. ei
Howardina sts
Pseudohowardina ..
Leicesteria
Radioculex

var. Anoph. formosaensis

Dendromyia ats
Etorleptiomyia sje
Bolbodeomyia

Culex
Taeniorhynchus
Chrysoconops

Stegomyia

Myzomyia

«* Anopheles ”’
Stethomyia

Skusea oe

Var. of ‘Theobaldiomyia (Leuco-

myia) gelida

Myzomyia
Topomyia

Stegomyia

—Blanchardiomyia nom. nov. Ae

Stegomyia

Skusea

Leicesteria
Taeniorhynchus
Myzomyia és

510

dudgeoni Theob.
durbitans Leices.

Ekrinomyia Leices.

elegans James

eminentia Leices.

epidesmus Theob.

error Theob. o6
eruthrosops Theob. ee
Etiovleptiomyia Theob. ae

fasciata F. are o%
fatigans W. Se

Ficalbia Theob.

Finlaya Theob.

flava Leices.

flava Ludl.

fluviatilis Leices.

foochowensis Theob. Be
formosaensis Tsuz. Ae iG
formosus Ludl. Pe se
fragilis Leices. oye ste
fragilis Ludl.

fragilis Theob.

frater R. Desv. ..

fraudatrix Theob,

freerae Banks

fuliginosus Giles

fulleri Ludl.

funerea Leices. ae
funerea Theob. var. ornata Theob.
funesta Giles

funesta Leices.

fusca Leices.

fusca Theob.

fuscanus W.

fuscocephalus Theob.

fuscus Theob.

gardneri Ludl.
Gettonomyta Leices.
gelidus Theob.

id. id. var. cuneata Theob.
id. id. var. sinensis id.
genurostris Leices. ;
gigas Giles

gilesii Theob.
gnophodes Theob.
gracilis Leices.
gracilis Leices.
gracilis Leices.
gracilis Theob.
Grabhamia Theob,
graminis Leices.
greenii Theob.
greenii Theob.
gubernatoris Giles

Index.

Neocellia
Topomyia

Neomyzomyia :

Lophoceratomyia ..

Taeniorhynchus

Culicada

Aldrichinella es

Stegomyia

Culex é

Verrallina
Culex

Stethomyia Ai
=Steg. fasciata F. .

Lophoceratomyia
Pyretophorus
Nyssorhynchus
Oculeomyia
Wyeomyia
Skusea
Myzomyia
Teromyia
Dasymyia
Skeiromyia
Stegomyia
Uranotaenia

Leicesteriomyia (Chaetomyia) ..
Cellia bo
Hulecoetom yia :
Culex ;
Anopheles
Anopheles

Blanchardiomyia (Desvoidya) i

Culex
Culex

Trichorhynchomyia

Quasistegomyia
= Pecomyia Theob.

Theobaldiomyia (Le

id.
id.

Malaya

Anopheles
Toxorhynchites

Culex
Stegomyia
Topomyia
Zeugnomyia
Bironella

Culex

Howardina
Wyeomyia
Phagomyia

ucomyia)
id.

id.

halifaxii Theob.
halli James
Harpagomyta Meij.
Heinemannia Ludl.
himalayana Giles
hirsuteron Theob.
Hodgesia Theob.
Howardina Theob.
Hulecoetomyia Theob.
hybrida Leices.
hybrida Leices.

imitator Leices.
imitator Leices.
immaculatus Theob.
immisericors WIk.
impellens WIk.
imprimens WIk.
indecorabilis Leices.
indefinita Ludl.
indica Theob.

indica Theob.

indica Theob. var. simplex Theob.
indica Theob.
indiensis Theob.
inepta Annandale
infula Theob.
inornata Theob.
inornata Theob.
inornatus WI1k.
intermedia Rothwell

jamesii Theob.
japonicus Theob.
jehafi Patton

joloensis Ludl.
jugraensis Leices.
jugraensis Leices.
juxtapallidiceps Theob.

karwari James

Kerteszia Theob.

Kingia Theob.

kochi Don.

kumasi Chalmers (Anopheles)

laniger W.

lateralis Ludl.

lateralis Theob.

Letcesteria Theob.

leicesteri Theob.

Leicesteriomyia Brun. nom, nov.

Leptdotomyia Theob. (I)

Lepidotomyia Theob. (11)

leptomeres Theob.

Leptosomatomyia Theob.

leucomeres Giles.

Leucomyia Theob.

leucophyrus Don,

lewaldii Ludl.

lindsayi Giles.
ide 1d.

var. maculata Theob.

Index.

Culex St oe
Christophersia mC aie

= —Dendromyia Theob.
Howardina
Culex

Colonemyia
Conopomyia

Stegomyia
Verrallina
Anopheles
Toxorhynchites
Culex Sy

id. ie
Verrallina ve
Myzomyia 56
Neocellia
Neomacleaya

id.

Phoniomyia are
Nyssorhynchus Sc Sc
Ramcia ate ve
Culex
Culiciomyia
Squamomyia
Toxorhynchites
Neocellia

Nyssorhynchus

Culex

Myzomyia ae

Blanchardiomyia (Desv oidya) ..
id. id.

Hulecoetomyia

Melanoconion

Nyssorhynchus

Cellia

=Myzomyia funesta, Giles

Mucidus
Uranotaenia
Leptosomatomyia ..

Toxorhynchites _
for Chaetomyita Leices
= Se Ludi.

Myzomy ja

Stegomyia
=Theobaldiomyia mihi nom. nov.
Neomyzomyia
‘Yoxorhynchites
Anopheles
id.

512

lineata Ludl. ..
lineatopennis Ludl.

listoni List.

longifurcatus Theob. ne
longipalpis Leices, in Theob.
longipalpis Wulp. :
longipes Theob.

longirostris Leices.
longirostris Leices.
Lophoceratomyia Theob.
Lophomyia Giles
Lophoscelomyia Theob.
lophoventralis Theob.
loricatus Leices.

lowisii Theob.

ludlowi Blanch.

ludlowi Theob. is
Ludlowia Theob.

lutea Ludl. 2
luteoabdominalis Theob.
luteola Theob.

luteolateralis Theob.
luteolateralis Theob. a
lutescens Leices. oe
luzonensis Ludl.

macropus Blanch.
maculata Theob.
maculata Theob.
maculata Theob.
maculata Theob.
maculatus Theob.
maculipalpis Theob.
maculipes Theob.
maculipes Theob.
maculipes arabiensis Patton. .
maculipleura Leices.
magna Tkeob
magnifica Leices.
magnus Theob.
Malaya Leices.

malayi Leices.

malayi Theob.
mammilifer Leices.
Mansonia Blanch.
Mansonioides Theob.
maxima Leices.
megtegori Banks
mediofasciata Theob.
mediolineatus Theob.
mediopunctata Theob.
MEGARHINAE (MEGARHININAE)
Megarhinus Rob. Desv.
Melanoconion Theob.
mendacis Daniels.
metallica Leices.
metallica Leices.
metallicus Leices.
micans Leices.
microannulatus Theob.
microptera Giles
mimeticus Noé
Mimomyia Theob.

Index.

Calvertina ae
Taeniorhynchus .. 50
Myzomyia ao
v. Culex pseudolongifurcatus a0
Leicesteria xc

Culex

v. Culex macropus Blanch.
Ficalbia she
Uranotaenia

= Lophoscelomyia 1 “Theob.
Pseudocarrollia

Culex
Reedomyia

nom. nov. for Cale annuliferus

Ludl.
Myzomyia

Popea
Taeniorhynchus
Culex 9¢
Banksiella

Culex 0
Uranotaenia ate
Etiorleptiomyia

nom. nov. for C. longipes Theob.

Orthopodomyia
Pecomyia 2
Pseudograbhamia ..
var. Anoph. lindsayi Giles
Nyssorhynchus

id. 50
Orthopodomyia ..
var. Taenio. tenax
var. id. id.
Uranotaenia
Lepidotomyia
Teromyia
Brevirhynchus

Aedes

Hodgesia
Verrallina
Uranotaenia
Lophoceratomyia

Uranotaenia
Kertezia
Skusea
Culex
Stegomyia

Colonemyia
Conopomyia
Wyeomyia
Toxorhynchites
Uranotaenia
Culex
Stegomyia
Culex

minima Ludl. (Mimomyia)
minima Theob.

minimus Leices.

minimus Theob.

minor Leices.

minor Theob.

minuta Theob.

minutissima Theob.
minutissima Theob. até
minutus Theob.

modesta Leices.

Mucidus Theob. ae
mucidus Karsch. we
multimaculosus Leices.
multiplex Theob.

Myzomyia Blanch.
Myzorhynchus Blanch.

Neocellia Theob.
Neomacleaya Theob.
Neomyzomyia Theob.

Neostethopheles James and List.

nepenthicola Banks
nero Doles. (Mansonia)
niger Leices.
nigerrima Theob.
nigerrimus Giles

nigra Leices.
nigrescens Theob.
nigricephalus Leices.
nigrifasciatus Theob.
nigritarsis (auct. ?) var.
nigrotarsis Ludl.
nitidoventer Giles
nivea Leices.

nivea Ludl.
niveoscutellata Theob.
niveitaeniata Theob.
nivipes Theob.
nivipleura Leices.
notoscripta Skuse
nursei Theob.
Nyssomyzomyia James
Nyssorhynchus Blanch

obscura Leices.
obturbans WIk.
ocellata Theob.

ochracea Theob. aie
ochraceus Theob.

Oculeomyia Theob. ac
O’ keillia Tudl. fe
ornata Theob.

ornatus Theob.
Orthopodomyia Theob.
ostentatio Leices.

pagei Ludl,
pallida Ludi. ‘
pallidiceps Theob.

Ludlowia

Ficalbia

Culex Ne ae
Toxorhynchites .. oe
Pyretophorus

Lophoceratomyia .. :
Topomyia 30 st
Culex

Mimomyia

Culicada

Culiciomyia

Stegomyia

Myzorhynchus

Uranotaenia

Mucidus ;
Culex are
Pseudoskusea Se

Wyeomyia
M. annulipes WIk. .
Lophoceratomyia . ee
Culiciomyia ;
Myzorhynchus we a
Topomyia ae SC
Aedes
Culex
Pyretophorus
Orthopodomyia
Pseudoskusea
Uranotaenia

id.
Scutomyia
Reedomyia
Pseudotheobaldia ..
Nyssorhynchus Be
Uranotaenia AG
Scutomyia
Pyretophorus

Acalleomyia

Blanchardiomyia (Desvoidya)

var. of Taeniorhynchus tenax
Theob.

Grabhamia

Chrysoconops

= Etiorleptiomyia Theob.
var. of Skusea funerea Theob...
Melanoconion

Aioretomyia
*

Taeniorhynchus ..
Stethomyia
Melanoconion

514

pallidostriatus Theob.
pallidothorax Theob.
pampangensis Ludl.

panalectros Giles (‘* Desvoidea ”’)

parangensis Ludl.

parascelos Theob

Pardomyia Theob.
Patagiamvia James

Pecomyia Theob.
peditaeniatus Leices.

perdita Leices.

periskelata Giles

perplexa Leices.

perplexus Leices.

pettigrewii Theob.
Phagomyia Theob. a6
philippinensis Ludl. “Je
philippinensis Giles :
Philodendromyia Theob.

Phoniomyia Theob. 50

pictus Lw. one a0
pipersalata Giles

plumiger Don. (Anoph.)
poicilia Theob.
Polylepidomyia Theob.

Popea Ludl.

powelli Ludl. ;
pseudobarbirostris Ludl.
Pseudocarvollia Theob.
pseudodiurna Theob. oie
Pseudograbhamia Theob.. ..
Pseudograhamia Theob
Pseudohowardina Theob.
pseudolongifurcatus Theob.
pseudomediofasciata Theob.
pseudonivea Theob.
pseudopictus Grassi ae
Pseudoskusea Theob_ - ore
pseudostenoetrus Theob.
pseudotaeniata Giles
Pseudotheobaldia Theob.
Pseuaouranotaenia Theob.
pseudowillmori Theob.
pulcherrima Theob.
pulchriventer Giles

pulla Theob.

pullus Theob. (Culex)
punctolateralis Theob
puuctulata Don.

punctulata ‘+ James and List.’?

pungens R. Desv
pyginaeus Theob. sti
Pyretophorus Blanch.

quadripuuctis Ludl.
quasiferox Leices.
quasipipiens Theob.
ouasisanguinae Leices.
Quasistegomyta Theob.
quasiunivittatus Theob,

Rachionotomyia Theob.
Radioculex Theob.
Ramcia Annandale
ratis Leices.

Culex ; 30
id. ais

Reedomyia

=Culex fatigans Ww.

Pseudouranotaenia

Culex

Myzorhynchus
Aioretomyia
Stegomyia
Stegomyia
Culex

Culex

N yssorhynchus
Runchomyia

«* Anopheles ”’ 50
Stegomyia

=Myzorhynchus sinensis W:
Finlaya Ae

Uranotaenia
Myzorhynchus

Skusea i

nom. nov. for Culex longifurcatus 474

Skusea .
Stegomyia
Myzcrhynchus
Culex
Hulecoetomyia

Nyssorhynchus
Cellia

Culex

Culiciomyia
=Culiciomyia pulla
Stegomyia

Cellia

Myzomyia

= Culex fatigans W.
Chrysoconops

Pardomyvia
Teromyia
Culex
Hodgesia

Culex

Teromyia

456

451

* Index, 515

Page
Reedomyia Lud. “ip ise wa ae AGO
reesii Theob.- ate he Culex oe ae AZ 4:
rizali Banks ak fs id. 474
rolandi D’Emm.d.Ch. -.. ee — Culex microannulatus Theob. 472
rossii Giles .. Myzomyia Si ne ace
rubithoracis Leices. as Fe Lophoceratomyia .. See. (ey!
tubithoracis Leices. ae .. Topomyia a SOO
Runchomyia Theob. 2 ae are bea) 408
ne * *
samarensis Ludl. ae .. sub. sp. Scutomyia notoscripta 452
samarensis Ludl. ; 7 Subesp. precmyiae scutellaris Wik. 449
sanguinea Theob, oA -. Hodgesia ee SOL
sarawaki Theob. = .. Oculeomyia is vet 405
Sayomyia Coq. x. ss ate ae eS OS
scatophagoides Theob. a .. Mucidus te 440
scintillans Ludl. (Heinzmannia) .. Dendromyia Ric Sn 503
scutellaris Wlk. Sie ae Stegomyia an wet AAS
Scutomyia Theob 56 e a ume ABS
seguini Laveran (Panoplites) ..Mansonia Ag ae eAG 2
separatus Leices. : .. . Myzorhynchus ots BA Eee
sepositus Leices. ag at Culex Be eA
septemguttata Theob. Se ..- Mansonioides ae a" AS3
septempunctata Theob. fe .. Mansonia 3c a AS
sericeus Theob. be vee Culex 3 Sen ATS
sexlineata Theob. : .. Stegomyia ie -s 449
simlensisJames and List. .. .. Anopheles 5A oe) 416
simplex Theob. ae : Ficalbia 494
simplex Theob. as ee vat. OF Neomacleaya indica Theob. 458
sinensis Wied. Sc -- Myzorhynchus jot 4 ZO
sinensis Theob. 2. .. Theobaldiomyia .. ~« - 463
singularis Leices. ie .. Aioretomyia i 3 490
sitiens Wied. oe s- | Gulex Be ag. ee GAG
Skeivomyia Leices ue Le fe a3 srt OO
Skusea Yheob. aie a 5c ar Ao 4 cO
sollicitans WIk. e .. Grabhamia ne Pe AGL
spathipalpis Rond. ie .. Theobaldia oe -. 459
spenceri Theob. y .. Grabhamia 4¢ a) 401
splendens Meij. Age .. Harpagomyia x3 Bee my eloy:!
splendens Wied. a ..Toxorhynchites... Aa
squamipenna Arrib. i .. Aedeomyia cas et PASS
Squamomyia ‘Theob. ae Ac Sc oe SS Ee)
Stegomyia Theob. ae AD bie se) SAAS
stenoetrus Theob. o .. Culex * et ATS
stephensi Liston wa .. Nyssorhynchus es Ago
Stethomvia Theob. me ae “ Stale
striocrura Giles i .. Stegomyia xe -. 449
subpictus Grassi a «* Anopheles ’’ nasa
subulifer Dol. Be .. TToxorhynchites.. 58 7437
sugens W. sc .. Seutomyia nag 152
suknaensis Theob. rx .. Culicada Ke 55-402
sylvestris Leices. Be: .. Lophoceratomyia .. ne le
; * * *
taeniarostris Theob, Ae .. Grabhamia a: ve 4O
taeniata Leices. 5c .. Aioretomyia fe 490
taeniata Leices. -. Lepidotomyia a se, 459
taeniata Leices. ae Lophoceratomyia sae 405
Taeniorhynchus Arrib =i ae a a Lo VE:
taytayensis Banks Ss eee Culex: 4: =e egy As
tenax Theob. af .. Taeniorhynchus .. .. 480
id. var. ocellata Theob. .. at id. ate ASO
Tevomyta Leices. ar a a4 wip 438
tessellata Theob. .. Myzomyia re | 422
tessellatum Theob. (nom, nud. ) sc =Cellia punctulata Don. ea 432
testacea Theob. Ap % Uranotaenia rs : 497
theobaldi Giles ha .. Nyssorhynchus re he AZO

Theobaldia Ney. Lemaire .. ae a ss an 1459

516 Index.

Theobaldinella Blanch. : re =Theobaldia
Theobaldiomyvia Brun. nom. nov, for
Leucomyta ae
thomsoni Theob. Stegomyia %
thorntoni Ludl, Myzomyia 56
tigripes Grandpré AG Culex :
tipuliformis Leices. ee Topomyia
tipuliformis Theob. Culex
Topomyia Leices.
Toxorhynchites Theob. oe
treacherii Leices. Anopheles as
triangulata Ludi. abe .. Pseudouranotaenia
Trichopronomyia Theob. Me sts
Trichorhynchomyia Brun. nom. nov. fo
Trichorhynchus D0

Trichorhynchus Theob. je
trilineata Leices. in Theob. .. Hulecoetomyia
trilineata Leices. Uranotaenia
trilineatus Lheob. Culex
trimaculatus Theob. Culex
tripunctata Theob. Stegomyia
tritaeniorhynchus Giles Culex
turkhudi Liston Myzomyia

* * *
umbrosus Theob. Myzorhynchus
uncus Theob. Culex
uniformis Leices. Culex Be
uniformis Theob. Lophoceratomyia ..
uniformis Theob. Mansonia a6
uniformis Theob. Melanoconion
uniformis Theob, Skusea ..
unilineata Leices. Uranotaenia
unimaculata Leices. id.
univittatus Theob. oni aCUlexe ye.
Uvanotaenia Arrib. a sf

* * *
vagans Wied. Culex ~~.
vanus Wlk. Myzorhynchus
variata Leices. Lophoceratomyia
varietas [,eices, Aioretomyia of
Verrallina Theob ay 55
vincenti Laveran ** Anopheles ’”’
viridiventer Giles Culex
virilis Leices. Verrallina
vishnui Theob. oe Culex

“ * *
w-alba Theob. Stegomyia
watsoni Leices. Pyretophorus
wellcomei Theob. Anopheles
willmori James in Theob. Nyssorhynchus
W orcestevia Banks ae
Wyeomyia Theob.

* * *
Zeugnomyta Leices, :

ERRATA.

Page
459

462
450
422
475
500
475
499
435
417
494
477

477
477
455
498
476
476
450
476
422

427
476
476
465
483
484
451
498
498
476
495

476
427
465
491
491
434
476
492
476

450
424
417
430
439
501

498

Page 438, line 10 from bottom. Foy ‘* magnificus’’ vead ‘* magnifica ’’ and line
16 from bottom for ‘* funestus ’’ vead ‘* funesta.’’

Page 487, line 9 from bottom. Foy ‘“«Aedeomyinae ’’ vead ‘‘Aedinae.’’

1912. | E. Brunetti: Catalogue of Oriental Culicide. 517

ADDENDA.

The following species were unfortunately omitted from the
foregoing Supplement to my Annotated Catalogue of Oriental
Culicide :
DACT YLOMYIA, gen. nov., Newstead and Carter, Ann. Trop.

Med. iv. 377. ‘‘ near Anopheles.”’

D. ceylonica, sp. nov., id. id. loc. cit. 377. Ceylon.

Myzomyia aurirostris, Watson, Ann. Trop. Med. iv. 251. Malay
States.

Stegomyia nigritia, Ludlow, Can Ent. xlii. 194 @. Philippine
Islands.

Scutomyia treubi, Meij. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg (1910) 3rd
Supp., p. 922. Java.

Culex aureopunctis, Ludlow, Can. Ent. xlii. 195, @ , a unique.
Philippine Islands.

CYATHOMYIA, gen. nov., near Finlaya. Meij. Ann. Jard.
bot. Buitenzorg (1g10) 3rd Supp., p. 922. Java.

@, jenseni, sp. nov,; id. loc..cit.gz2. Java.

Popea lutea, Ludl., Can. Ent. xlii. 193, 2, described from a
unique.

Ficalbia tenax, id. loc. cit. 928. Java.

Uranotaenia ascidiicola, id. loc. cit. g25. Java.

3-4-1972.

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Culicidae and Corethridae in the Indian Museum. M¢scellanea :—Measurements
of the skeletons of two large Indian elephants in the Indian Museum. The
young of Aelurus fulgens. Some Batrachia recently added to the collection of
the Indian Museum. Breeding habits of Tylototriton verrucosus. The occurrence
of Rhinodon typicus at the head of the Bay of Bengal. Note on Ephydatia
meyeni (Carter).

Part IV.—Aquatic animals from Tibet, I. Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian
Museum, I. Indian Psychodidae. A new species of mouse from the Madura
District, Madras. Some Cleridae of the Indian Museum. ‘The Fauna of Brackish
Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, XII. A new species of Saw-Fish captured
off the Burma Coast. A new Sting Ray of the genus Trygon from the Bay of
Bengal. New Microlepidoptera from India and Burma. Chrysomelid Beetles in
the Indian Museum. Six new Cicindelinae from the Oriental Region, A new
Slug from Tibet.

Part V.—Revision of the Oriental Leptidae. Revised and annotated Catalogue of
Oriental Bombylidae.

Vol. TT 1909.

Part I.—The races of Indian rats.

Part II.—Freshwater Sponges, X. Aquatic animals from Tibet, II. Some amphibious
Cockroaches. Quelques nouvelles Cécidomyies des Indes. New land and marine
shells from Ceylon and S. India. Two new species of Cavanx from the Bay of
Bengal. Some little known Indian Ophidia. Some forms of Dipsadomorphus.
A pelagic Sea-Anemone without tentacles. Rhynchota Malayana, II.

Part ITI.—The Neuroptera in the Indian Museum. New Indian Leptidae and Bom-
bylidae. The Trichoptera in the Indian Museum. New species and varieties
of Freshwater Crabs, 1—3. Lizards from Travancore. Three new Cicindelinae
from Borneo. The relation between fertility and normality in Rats. A
Barnacle of the genus Scalpellum from Malaysia. The Hemipterous family
Polyctenidae. Freshwater Sponges, XI. Two new shells from S. India. A
new genus of Phylactolaematous Polyzoa. Miscellanea :—Major Wall on some
forms of Dipsadomorphus. Notes on Indian Batrachia. Notes on Indian Fresh-
water Fish. Field notes on Indian Insects. The habits of Indian King-Crabs.
The rate of growth in Conchoderyma and Lepas. large colonies of Hislopia lacus-
tyis. Bvanchiocerianthus tmperatoy von der Kiiste von Oman und Baluchistan.

Part IV.—A minute Hymenopterous insect from Calcutta. The Insect Fauna of
Tirhut, No. 1. New species of Botia and Nemachilus. New Oriental Sepsinae.
A new species of Fyredericella fr6m Indian lakes. New species and varieties of
freshwater crabs, 4. Some new or little known Mygalomorph spiders from the
Oriental region and Australasia.

Vol. IV, 1910-1911.

No. I.—Second report on the collection of Culicidae in the Indian Museum.

Nos. II and III.—The Indian species of Papataci Fly (Phlebotomus). Taxonomic
values in Culicidae.

No. IV.—Revision of the Oriental blood-sucking Muscidae.
No. V.—A new arrangement of the Indian Anophelinae.

No. VI.—A revision of the species of Tabanus from the Oriental Region, including
notes on species from surrounding countries.

No. VII.—New Oriental Nemocera. Miscellanea :—Synonymy in Corethrinae.
Indian Phlebotomi.

Nos. VIII and I1X.—A revision of the Oriental species of the genera of the family
Tabanidae other than Tabanus. Contributions to the fauna of Yunnan, Part VII.

Vol. V, 1910.

Part I.—The Hydroids of the Indian Museum, I. Freshwater Sponges, XII. New
Shells in the Indian Museum from Burma, Siam and the Bay of Bengal. Mate.
tials for a revision of the Phylactolaematous Polyzoa of India. Studies on the
aquatic Oligochaeta of the Punjab. An undescribed Burmese Frog allied to Rana
tigvina. Miscellanea :—The occurrence of Vultury monachus in Caleutta. An
albino Owl. ‘‘ Matla bengalensis’’ : a correction.

Part II.—Description d’Ophiures nouvelles provenant des derniéres campagnes de
‘‘l’Investigator’’ dans 1l’Océan Indien. Description d’Holothuries nouvelles
appartenant au Musée Indien. The races of Indian rats, II, A new species of
Scalpellum from the Andaman sea. Five new species of marine shells from the
Bay of Bengal. Fish from India and Persia.

Pavt III.—A new genus of Psychodid Diptera from the Himalayas and‘ Travancore.
The Indian barnacles of the subgenus Smiliwm, with remarks on the classification
of the genus Scalpellum. A subspecies of Scutigerella unguiculata, Hansen, found
in Calcutta. The distribution of the Oriental Scolopendridae. Decapoda in
the Indian Museum, I. A new species of Nemachilus from Northern India.
The larvae of Toxorhynchites immisericors, Wlk. A South Indian frog allied
to Rana corrugata of Ceylon. Contributions to the fauna of Yunnan,
Introduction and Part I. Miscellanea :—she Darjiling skink (Lygosoma sikkim-
ense). Cockroaches as predatory insects. Note on Aedeomyia squammipenna,
Arribalzaga. Named specimens of Chrysomelidae in the Indian Museum. - Two
barnac'es of the genus Dichelaspis new to Indian seas. Slugs from the Eastern
Himalayas.

Part IV.—Indian Microlepidoptera. Some aquatic oligochaete worms commensal in
Spongilla carteri. Bothrioneuvum ivis, Beddard. Nudibranchs from the Indian
Museum. ‘The classification of the Potamonidae (Telphusidae). Catalogue of the
pheasants, peafowl, jungle fowl and spur fowl in the Indian Museum. Species of
Palaemon from South India. Alluaudella himalayensis, a new species of degener-
‘ate (d') cockroach, with an account of the venation found in the genera Cardax
and Alluatdella. Rhynchota Malayana, III. Ws

Vol. Vi, 1911:

Part I.—A Rhizocephalous Crustacean from fresh water aud on some specimens of
the order from Indian seas. Decapoda in the Indian Museum, II. Contri-
butions to the fauna of Yunnan, Parts II to V. Pedipalpi in the Indian
Museum, I and II. Six new species of shells from Bengal and Madras. Mzis-
cellanea :—Fleas from India and China. Flies found associated with cattle in
the neighbourhood of Calcutta. Mosquito sucked by a midge. Large egg laid
by a beetle.

Pari II.—Some sponges associated with gregarious molluscs of the family Vermetidae.
Aquatic animals from Tibet, III. Cyprinidae from Tibet and the Chumbi Valley,
with a description of a new species oi Gymnocypris. New species and varieties
of Crustacea Stomatopoda in the Indian Museum. The development of some
Indian Ascalaphidae and Myrmeleonidae. Miscellanea:—The occurrence of
Dactylopius cityi, Risso, in the Himalayas. Note on Aquatic Rhynchota.

Part III,—Nouveaux Chironomides de 1’Indian Museum de Calcutta.

Part IV.—Indian Isopods. Systematic notes,on the Ctenostomatous Polyzoa of
fresh water. Some aquatic Oligochaeta in the Indian Museum. Contributions
to the fauna of Yunnan, Part VI. Asiatic species of Crustacea Anostraca in the
Indian Museum. Freshwater sponges, XIII]. Muscellanea:—Synonymy in
Corethrinae. The distribution of the different forms of the genus Jd/a.

Pari V.—Revision of the Oriental Tipulidae. Five new Indian species of Clavicorn
Coleoptera. Les Chironomides (Tendipedidae) de |’Himalaya et d’Assam, The
occurrence of Apus in Eastern Asia.

Yol. VII, 1912.

Part I.—Deep-sea Fish obtained by the R.I.M.S.S. ‘‘ Investigator ’’ during 1910-TT.
Decapoda in the Indian Museum, III. Fauna of Paresnath Hill. Observations
on the shallow-water Fauna of the Bay of Bengal made on the ‘‘ Golden Crown,’’
1908-09. Coccidae in the Indian Museum, I. On the nervous system of
Ampullaria globosa. Description of a species of Phoridae that causes Myasis in
man. Miscellanea:—Mimicry of a Mutillid by a spider. Capture of Limulus on.
the surface. Development of the larva of Lingula, Distribution of some Indian
and Burmese Lizards.

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